2 Fod

Facts that Matter

Food: Al living beings need food for
by living beings to do work. Food also growth
and survival. Food gives energy which is
needed
protects us from various diseases and keeps us healthy
and fit.
Sources of Food
Food from Plants:

Different Types of food from plants

Leafy
Cereals vegetables
Pulses Fruits Oil Spices
and

vegetables
Examples Wheat, Green | Mango, Spinach, Mustard Cumin,
mustard, oil, sesame turmeric,
rice, gram, apple,
maize, gram, black | banana, fenugreek, oil, black

tomato, sunflower pepper,

jowar, gram, orange,
watermelon ladyfinger, oil, cardamom,
bajra kidney
beans, red turnip, groundnut | chilli,
gram, red carrot, brinjal, | oil, coconut carom
seeds, clove
lentil, pea, potato oil
soyabean
Food from Animals:

Eggs Meat
Food Milk
Hen, duck Goat, sheep, chicken, fish
Source animal Cow, buffalo, goat, camel
Components of Food
Components of food canbe divided into three main categories:
giving foods. Cereals
giving food: Carbohydrates and fats are called energy
(a) Energy
like rice, wheat and maize are rich sources of carbohydrates. Fruits like mango,
carbohydrates.
of Potato and sweet
banana, litchi, melon, etc. are also good
sources

and butter are the main sources of fat.

potato also contain starch. Cooking oil, ghee
food. Pulses, meat and eggs are
(b) Body building food: Protein is called body building
good sources of protein.
(c) Protective food: Vitamins and minerals are the body in minuscule
required by
amount. They help in protecting the body against various diseases.

Vitamins, their sources, functions and deficiency diseases

Vitamins Sources Functions Deficiency diseases
Vitamin A Carrot, cod liver oil, Helps in maintaining | Night blindness,
milk, butter, ghee, yellow healthy eyes, skin dryness of skin
vegetables, fruits and tissues.
17
Vitamin B Wheat, rice, yeast, liver, milk | Helps in stronger Beriberi, weak
and yoghurt, green leafy muscles, in getting muscles and general
vegetables, fermented food,energy to do work weakness
sprouted pulses
Vitamin C Citrus fruits like orange, Maintains healthy Scurvy (spongy and
lemon and guava, green
gums, teeth, bones bleeding gums)
chillies, amla and bone joints
Vitamin DD Milk and dairy products, Maintains healthy Rickets (curved and
bonesand teeth deformed bones, bow
cod liver oil, eggs, vitamin
D is made by our skin when legs)
exposed to sunlight
Vitamin EVegetable oil, liver, green Proper functioning ofSterility
reproductive systemn
vegetables, tomato Excessive bleeding due
Vitamin K Green leafy vegetables Blood coagulation
to delayed clotting of
blood
Minerals
functions
Minerals and their
Deficiency diseases
Mineral Sources unetion
bones Weak bones, cramps in
Calcium Milk and dairy Maintains healthy contraction of
and teeth legs, faulty
products, green leafy | heart muscles.
vegetables
Maintains healthy bones Loss of weight, weak
Phosphorus Milk, cereals, pulses, | bones, general weakness,
fish, meat and teeth
loss of teeth
leafy Formation of haemoglobin | Anaemia (low haemoglobin
Iron Green
vegetables, nuts and |in blood. Iron deficiency| in blood)

jaggery results in anaemia.

Fruits vegetables, | Proper of Goiter (a permanent
functioning
Iodine
seafood, iodized salt thyroid gland. lodine swelling in neck)
deficiency results in

goitre
Water: Some important functions of water:
(a) All biological functions happen in presence of water.
(6) Water helps in removal of waste from our body.
c) A major portion of blood is composed of water.
4)Water helps in maintaining the temperatureofthe body
Roughage Roughage comes from green vegetables, fruits and whole grains. Roughage does
not have nutritive value. Roughage is necessary for proper movement of food through digestive
system. Roughage helps in clearing of waste from digestive system.
Balanced Diet: A diet which contains all the required nutrients in proper ratio is called
a balanced diet. A
balanced diet contains carbohydrates in the
largest amount; followed Dy
proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins; in that order.
18 SCIENCE-VI
 Malnutrition: When is unable to get a balanced diet
a person
for a long duration,
ne may
diet but are
Poor people often take too much carbohydrate in their
suffer irom
manutrition. called PEM (Protein Energy
unable to take other nutrients. Such people suffer from a condition
Malnutrition). whose
child;
to three years old
Kwashiorkor: lt is type of PEM. It usually happens in a one
a
carbohydrate
mother's milk and is fed
on
mother has become pregnant. The child no longer gets swollen due to w a e r
The of the child is retarded. Face., feet and abdomen are
rich diet. growth
retention. Hair discolouration and diarrhea are common symptoms in such children
children. This
Marasmus: It is also a type of PEM which happens
in somewhat older and

of proteins and fats. The child becomes very thin

happens due to deficiency carbohydrates, this condition.
loose. General weakness and retarded growth is
the final result of
skin becomes
carbohydrate, he gains
too mucn
wegil
When a person consumes too much fat and
Obesity:
health disorders.
Such condition is called obesity. Obesity can lead to many

Words that Matter nutrition.

is called
Nutrition: The process of taking and utilizing
food; by a living being;
are called
nutrients.
Nutrients: The main components of food macronutrients

needed in large quantities are called

a c r o n u t r i e n t s : Nutrients
which are a r e called
in minuscule quantities
which are needed
Micronutrients: Nutrients

micronutrients. called dairy products.

Products which made from milk are

Dairy Products:
are
called energy giving
energy to
the body are

Nutrients which provide

Energy Giving Food:
are called body
foods. and repair of the body
Nutrients which help in growth
Body building Food:
building foods. diseases are called
Nutrients which help the body in fighting against
Protective Food:
protective foods. unable to in
suffering from it is
see

is condition in which the person

Night Blindness: It
a

dim light. to weakness

feels general weakness due
condition in which the person
Beriberi: Beriberi is a

in muscles.

Scurvy: It is
manifested by soft and bleeding gums.
and deformed.
the bones become curved
Rickets: In this condition,
injury. This prevents
the blood clots at the site of
Blood coagulation: In case
of an injury,
excessive blood loss.
further bleeding and prevents
Osteomalacia: In this condition,
the bones become soft and brittle.
decreases in the blood. The
number of RBCs significantly
Anaemia: In this condition, the
persondevelops pale eyesand skin and feels a general weakness.
swelling develops in the neck.
Goitre: In this condition, a permanent
person does not get all the nutrients for a long
Malnutrition: The condition in which a

duration.
Balanced diet: The diet which contains all nutrients in proper ratio is called a balanced diet.
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM): The condition which happens because of lack of
carbohydrate or protein or lack of both in the diet.
Obesity: Too much weight gain because of eating too much food is called obesity.

FooD 19
 TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED
sOMETHING TO KNOW

blanks.
A. Fill in the
need food to. . and
1. Living organisms
. . . .

are soluble in .... ..whereas Vitamins B and

2. Vitamins A, D, E and K ar
Soluble.
Beri-Beri.
3. The deficiency of . . . i n the diet, causes a disease called
4. Vitamin K helps in.. .of blood.
5. The dietary fibres constitute. 3. Vitamin B
Ans. 1. Grow, survive 2. Fat, water
4. Clottingg 5. Roughage
B. Write True or False for the following statements.
1. Vitamins and minerals body building foods.
are

2. Our skin makes vitamin E in the presence of sunlight.

anaemia.
3. Deficiency of phosphorus can lead to
essential components in the right proportion.
4. We should eat food that has all its
of fat in diet.
5. Kwashiorkor occurs due to the deficiency 5. False
3. False 4. True
Ans. 1. False 2. False

C. Tick() the correct option.

turned blue-black incolour
the cut surface of a potato, it
1. When a drop of iodine was put on
This indicates the presence of
()protein (d) starch
(a) vitamin 6) fat
in the diet, causes a disease known as
2. The deficiency of Vitamin A,
6) rickets ) nightblindness () Beri-beri
(a) scurvy
3. Iron is essential for-
6) formation of haemoglobin
(a) growth of teeth and bones
c) functioning of the thyroid gland (d) making muscles strong
4. A child, who has bow legs, is suffering
from a deficiency disease, known as
(6) rickets C) goitre (d) anaemia
(a) scurvy
5. The deficiency of proteins, in the diet of children, can cause disease
a known as
(a) marasmus 6) rickets () kwashiorkor (d) anaemia
Ans. 1.(d) Starch 2. (e) Night blindness 3. 6) Formation of haemoglobin
4.(6) Rickets 5. (c) Kwashiorkor

D.Answerthe following questions in brief.

1. Name the important sources of our food.
Ans. Plants and animals are the important sources of food. We get cereals, pulses, fruits
vegetables and spices from plants. We get milk, eggs and meat from animals. Additionaly
we also get honey from animals.
2. State the importance of carbohydrates in our diet.
Ans.
Carbohyrates are energy giving food. We need carbohydrates in our diet so that we can g
energy. Ina balanced diet, carbohydrate is always taken in the largest amount.

20 ScIENCE-VI
 8. Name the vitamin whose deficieney causen the diaease of
(a) Night blindnesa b) Beri-beri ) Scurvy (d) Rickets
Ans. (a) Vitamin A (d) Vitamin D
(b) Vitamin B (c) Vitamin C
4. Name any three of the mineraln needed by our body.
Ans. The main minerala needed by our body are: calcium, phosphorus, iron and 1odne
6. 8tate the role of enleium in our body.
working or
and teeth. Calcium also helps
in
Ans. Calcium is an important component of bones
different musclen in the body.
6 Write the full formn of the terma PEM and PCM.
An. PEM: Protein Energy Malnutrition
PCM: Protein Calorie Mulnutrition

E. Answer the followlng quostlons.

1. Name two sources of ench of the followin
a) Carbohydrates
Ans. Rice and whent
(6) Proteins
Ans. Pulses and ment
) Fats
Ans. Oil and butter
d) Roughage
whole grains
Ans. Green leafy vegetables and
(e) Vitamin A
Ans. Carrot and Papuya
)Vitamin C
Ans. Orange and lemon
for detecting the presence of the following in food:
2. Describe a test for each
(a) Proteins
concentrated nitric acid
Ans. For this, you need Use water to make a
seeds and crush them with mortar and pestle.
Take some hean amount of this suspension in a
seeds of beAns. Take a little
Huspension from crushed concentrated nitric acid to the suspension.
The colour of
tent tube. Add a few drops of
This indicates the presence of protein.
Nuspension changen to yellow.
(b) Starch
Ans. For this, take iodine tincture.
make a fine
the boiled potato and add some water to
Take boiled rice or boiled potato. Mash becomes black-
tincture on this paste. The colour of paste
paste. Add a few drops of iodine
blue. This indicates the presence of starch.
(c) Fats
crush them. Be
Ans. Take o m e potato chips (fried). Keep
them between tissue paper and
take out the tissue paper and spread it.
careful not to damage the tissue paper. After that,
See the tianue paper against a source of light.
You will notice translucent patches on the
paper. This patches Buggest the presence
of fat in the food.
our health?
3. Why do we need proteins and how they affect
Anw. Proteinn are hody building food and hence we require
protein in our diet. Protein is
rich diet ensures that a child shows
required by the body for growth and repair. protein
A
of in diet hampers the growth of
timely growth and becomes stronger. Deficiency protein
the child.

FooD 21
 in the blood
od of.
X 1s essential tor the tormation of a component Y, of a
person The
4 A mineral in the body.
function. of
component Y. is
totransport oxvgen
causes a disease 7. Identify x
The of mineral 'X. n the diet of a person,
deficency
X.Y and
symptoms of disease Z.
Z. Also m e n t i o n the of anaemia include a gon
haemoglobin and Z 1s anaemia. Symptoms eneral
Ans. X is iron. Y is
weakness and pale skin.
mountainous regions.
why/
iodine more common in
5. Dethciency of is
in 1odine. That is why ine
in mountainous region
is usually deficient iodine
Ans. The drinking water
common in mountainous regions.
deficiency 1s m o r e
should we take a balanced diet
6. What is a balanced diet? Why ratio 1s called balanced diet u
all the required nutrients in proper Ne
Ans. A diet which contains energy tor day to day wu
need to take a balanced diet
for various reasons; like getting work
health.
proper growth and
for maintaining proper

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

for one of her photographic
assignments. Sh
Rohini had to go to a remote village neck region
number of the villagers there had swelling in their
observed that a large
and to include fruits and vegetables
i
use iodised salt
She advised the villagers to the relevant authoritie
On her way back, she contacted salt.
their diet, whenever possible. of iodised
a regular supply
and ensured that the villagers get
Rohini.
1. State the values displayed by
Ans. Concern for others
hormone and the gland tha
of a hormone. Name this
2. lodine is needed for the synthesis
produces it.
and the gland is thyroid gland.
Ans. The hormone is thyroxin
or the seniors in the school/locality,
of any incident in which a
3. Ask the elders in the family,
number of people in solving, or minimising, a general problem
person has helped a large
Share your findings with your classmates.
Ans. Do it yourself.

SOMETHING TO DO
1. List examples of food items, belonging to the different food groups, listed in th
following table.

Carbohydrate Protein Rich Food Items Dairy Food Items that

Rich Food Food Items Rich in Fats Products Provide Minerals
Items and Vitamins
Rice. potato, Dal, beans, Butter, ghee, Milk, curd, | Spinach, orange,
sugar, chapatti, mutton, fish, mutton, fried butter, cabbage, mango,
sweet potato eggs chips cheese, ghee lemon, radish, fish
2. Prepare your own meal plan, by choosing the food items from the above tabie,*
that they form a balanced diet for you.
Breakfast meal LunchLunch meal Dinner meal
Chapatti and vegetable Rice, chapatti, dal, Rice, chapatti, dal,
vegetable, salad, curd vegetable, salad, curd
Bread and omlette, milk,
butter Rice, mutton/chicken, Paratha, fish, salad, fruit
salad, curd juice
22 SCIENCE-Vi
 3. Perform a test to find outifthere is any starch in the sweets prepared fromm
milk products like curd, etc.
Ans. Pertorm the iodine test on milk or milk products. Remember that presence of starcn in a
food 15 indicated by black-blue colour when iodine tincture is added to food item.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

.Fill in the blanks.
1. Food provides... work.
..which is needed by a living being to do
2. Potato is a good source of..
3. Pulses are good source of protein for ... ...diet.
4. Cow and.........are the main sources of milk in India.
5. Honeybees prepare honey from.. ************

6. Protein is required by body for. . .. . and repair.

7. Transucent test is done to showthe presence of... n a tood.

8. Vitamin......helps in maintaining healthy gums.

9. Deficiency of ..leads to anaemia

10. Calcium makes our.....stronger.

4. Buffalo
Ans. 1. Energy 2. Carbohydrate 3. Vegetarian
7. Fat 8. C
5. Nectar 6. Growth

9. Iron 10. Bones

II. Tick () the correct option.

food?
1. Which of the following is an energy giving (d) Minerals
c) Vitamins
(a) Carbohydrate (6) Protein food?
source of carbohydrate in our
2. Which of these is the main (d) Mutton
(6) Dal )Vegetable
(a) Rice
3. Which of these is a dairy product?
)Butter (d) All of the above
(a) Cheese 6) Yoghurt
vitamin A?
4. Which of these is supposed to be the best source of
(c) Carrot (d) Potato
(a) Spinach (6) Orange
iron?
5. Which of these is supposed to be the best source of
(a) Spinach 6) Orange (c) Papaya (d) Apple
6. Which component of food helps in proper clearing of bowel?
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Fats c) Protein d) Roughage
7. Kwashiorkor usually happens in children of which age group?
(a) 1 to 3 years (6) 3 to 5 years (c) 5 to 7 years (d) Older than 10 years
8. Milk is a good source of which mineral?
(a) Iron (6) Phosphorus c)Calcium (d) Iodine
9. Which of these is an example of citrus fruits?
(a) Apple (6) Cherry (c) Orange (c) Papaya
10. Eating too much oily food can lead to which condition?
(a) Marasmus (b) Rickets (c) Beri-beri d) Obesity
FooD 23
 Ans. 1. (a) Carbohydrate 2. (a) Rice 3. (d) All of the above 4. (c) Carrot
5. (a) Spinach 6. (d) Roughage 7. (a) 1 to 3 years 8. (c) Calcium
9. ()Orange 10. (d) Obesity

1. Answer these questions.

1. Why do living beings need food?
Ans. Living beings need food for growth and survival. They need food for geting energy sot
they can do work. They also need food for fighting against various diseases.
that
2. Give some examples of food which come from roots of plants.
Ans. Examples of food from roots are: Carrot, radish, turnip, sweet potato, etc
3. Why should a child of your age take milk on a daily basis?
Ans. Milk is a good food withmany nutritive benefits. Milk is
a source of
good calcium and th
it is good for our bones and teeth. Milk also contains some vitamins which are required by
required by
basis.
the body. So, a child of my age should take milk on a daily
4. Classify food into main categories.
Ans. Food can be classified into following categories:
(c) Protective food
(a) Energy giving food (6) Body building food
5. Explain the role of protein in our body.
of the body, new cell
cells and tissues. Por growth
Ans. Protein is an important component of
the raw materials. For repair of wear and tees
tear
need to be made. For this, protein provides
and thus protein helps in repairing
the worn out body patts
also, new cells need to be made
as well.
test to check the presence of fat in a given food samnl
6. How will you perform translucent
food sample on the paper. Hold the paner
Ans. For this, take a sheet of paper. Rub the given
against light. Presence of translucent patches on the paper shows the presence of fat in the
given food sample.
7. What is the role of Vitamin C and what are its sources?
Ans. Vitamin Chelps in maintaining healthy gums and teeth, bones and bone joints. Vitamin C
is found in citrus fruits like orange and lemon. It is also found in guava and amla.
8. What is the benefit of sitting in sunshine for our body?
Ans. Vitamin D is made by our body when skin is exposed to sunshine. Vitamin D is good for our
bones. So, sitting in sunshine helps in making our bones stronger.

IV.Projects
1. Make a list of food which you ate on the previous day for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Find
out if you could get all the necessary nutrients from your food.
Ans. Do it yourself.
2. One of your friends is fond of eating
chips and pakoda. How will you explain the danges
of eating such kind of food to him?
Ans. Explain the potential of
obesity by eating oily food. Explain the harmful effects of obesity