4/28/2021 Ratio, Proportion and Percentages Formulas and Tricks- Examrace

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Ratio, Proportion and Percentages Formulas and Tricks

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Ratio & Proportion

The equality of two ratios is called a proportion. If , we write
and we say that a, b, c, d are in proportion. In a proportion, the first and fourth terms
are known as extremes, while the second and third are known as means.

Mean proportion between a and b is

The compounded ratio of the ratios is

is a duplicate ratio of

is a sub-duplicate ration of

is a triplicate ratio of

is a sub-triplicate ratio of

If , then , which is called the Componendo.

If , which is called the dividendo

If , which is called the Componendo & Dividendo.

Variation: We say that x is directly proportional to y if for some constant k

and we write,

Also, we say that x is inversely proportional to y for some constant k and we

write

Ratios

If then for a positive quantity x,

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4/28/2021 Ratio, Proportion and Percentages Formulas and Tricks- Examrace

If then for a positive quantity x,

Proportions

Percentage
To express x % as a fraction, we have

To express as a percent, we have

If ‘A’ is R % more than ‘B’ , then ‘B’ is less than ‘A’ by

OR

If the price of a commodity increases by R % , then the reduction in consumption, not to

increase the expenditure is

If ‘A’ is R % less than ‘B’ , then ‘B’ is more than ‘A’ by

OR

If the price of a commodity decreases by R % , then the increase in consumption, not to

increase the expenditure is

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4/28/2021 Ratio, Proportion and Percentages Formulas and Tricks- Examrace

If the population of a town is ‘P’ in a year, then its population after ‘N’ years is

If the population of a town is ‘P’ in a year, then its population ‘N’ years ago is

Percentage Change

For two successive changes of and

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