GUIDED BY: PRESENTED BY:

Mr. KUNAL SAURABH RISHI KUMAR VERMA

(Assistant Professor) Roll no:12090326(5.4.2)
(Mechanical Department)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

• Uses an utm to apply measured force to an
test specimen. The amount of extension can
be measured and graphed.
• Variables such as strain, stress, elasticity,
tensile strength, ductility and shear strength
can be gauged.
• Test specimens can be round or flat.
• Ensure quality
• Test properties
• Prevent failure in use
• Make informed choices in using material
 :

• STRENGTH
• DUCTILITY
• ELASTICITY
• STIFFNESS
•. MALLEABILTY
•. MODULUS of TOUGHNESS
•. MODULUS of RESILIENCE
A machine which applies a tensile force (a
force applied in opposite directions) to the
specimen, and then measures that force
and also the elongation:
This machine usually uses a hydraulic
cylinder to create the force. The applied
force is determined by system pressure,
which can be accurately measured.
HYDRAULIC UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE
A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal
tester, materials testing machine or materials test frame, is used to test
the tensile stress and compressive strength of materials . It is named after
the fact that it can perform many standard tensile and compression tests
on materials, components, and structures.
• Brittle material :
The rupture occurs
along a surface
perpendicular to
the loading plane.
For ex: glass,
stone, normal
concrete,
aluminum.
 Tensile strength = Maximum Load
Cross section area

Maximum load is the highest point on the graph.

Often called Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)

 Modulus of Elasticity -A measure of a materials ability to
regain its original dimensions after the removal of a load or
force. The modulus is the slope of the straight line portion of
the stress-strain diagram up to the proportional limit.

Proportional / Elastic Limit Calculation

Stress (S) psi

Slope E = (F1 -F2)Lo / (1 - 2)A

Graph

Strain () in/in

 Breaking/Rupture Stress - The maximum amount of
stress that can be applied before rupture occurs. The
material fractures in the necking region where the
material reduces in diameter as the material elongates.
Necking Region

Rupture Point
Stress (S) psi

Graph

Strain () in/in

 Modulus of Resilience -A measure of a materials ability to
absorb energy up to the elastic limit. This modulus is
represented by the area under the stress versus strain
curve from zero force to the elastic limit.
Elastic Region

Calculation

Ur = 1/2 (yp)( yp)

Elastic Limit
Stress (S) psi

Graph

Strain () in/in

 Modulus of Toughness -A measure of a materials ability to
plastically deform without fracturing. Work is performed by the
material absorbing energy by the blow or deformation. This
measurement is equal to the area under the stress versus
strain curve from its origin through the rupture point.
Plastic Region

Calculation:

Graph Ut = 1/3(Br) (yp + 2ult)

Stress (S) psi

Strain () in/in

Total Strain/ Deformation -The total amount of
elongation of a sample to rupture
normalized(divided by) by the initial length.
Calculation: total = total/Lo
Ductility:The ability of a material to be deformed
plastically without rupture.
Calculation: % Elongation =  total(100)

Calculations:
% Reduction in area = Aoriginal - A final / A original (100)
• Aerospace Industry
• Shear and tensile strength testing of fasteners
e.g. Bolts, nuts and screws

• Textiles Industry
• 'Pull-off' characteristics of buttons, stitched-on
decorations, press studs, zip fasteners, hook-
and-loop fasteners
• Benefits of Tensile Testing
• The data produced in a tensile test can be
used in many ways including:
• To determine batch quality
• To determine consistency in manufacture
• To aid in the design process
• To reduce material costs and achieve lean
manufacturing goals