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TEST CODE O2I2OO2 0

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FORM TP 2016199 MAY/JTINE 20I6

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION@

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
ECOLOGY PEOPLE AND NATURAL RESOURCE USE
UNITl-Paper02
2 hours 30 minutes

READ THB F'OLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

l. This paper consists of SIX questions, TWO from each Module.

2 Answer ALL questions

J Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4 Do NOT write in the margins

5 You may use a silent, non-programmable, scientific calculator to answer

questions.

6 If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do
so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided
at the back of this booklet. Remember to draw a line through your
original answer.

7 If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number
clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where
relevant, include the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2014 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

6
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0212002003 J
r MODULE
4

1
-|

Answer BOTH questions.

1. (a) Distinguish between sedimentary biogeochemical cycles and gaseous biogeochemical cycles.
In your response give ONE example of a sedimentary biogeochemical cycle and ONE example
of a gaseous biogeochemical cycle.

[6 marks]

(b) Figure I shows the results of an investigation of the carrying capacity in a forest area by
two different students, Student A and Student B, for a particular species. Study Figure I and
answer the questions that follow.

700
0
q)

ts 600
&
0
E
0
soo

.E loo
c,
StudentA
$ soo
Student B
i zoo
0)
E
E 100
z
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 t2 1 t4 15
Month

Figure 1. Results of the investigation of the carrying capacity in a forest area

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r (i)
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Make THREE deductions about the variation of the population of the species obtained
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by Student A.

[3 marksl

(ii) Calculate the difference in the carrying capacity values obtained by Student A and
Student B.

[3 marksl

(iii) Suggest TWO reasons for the difference in carrying capacities obtained by the two
students.

[4 marks]

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0212002005 J
r (c)
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Distinguish between 'intraspecific competition'and 'interspecific competition'and explain

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why intraspecific competition is more intense.

[4 marksl

Total20 marks

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2. (a)
-7 -

State THREE ways in which primary ecological succession is different from secondary
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ecological succession.

[3 marksl

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0212002007 J
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Figure 2 shows the percentage deforestation that occurred in three countries: A, B

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and C
Study Figure 2 and answer the questions that follow.

100

90

80

.9 70
6l
O

E60
o
tt
6)
Ps0
tr
(D
()
840
Fr

30

20

10

0
CountryA Country B Country C
Figure 2. Percentage deforestation that occurred in Country A, Country B and Country C

(i) Use Figure 2 to determine which two countries have a combined total of 70%o of their
forest intact. Show your working.

[4 marks]

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0212002008
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( ii) State the country in which ecological succession is MOST likely to occur and justifo
your response.

[7 marksl

(c) Define the term 'limiting factor'and explain how limiting factors operate in the
environment'

[3 marksl

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(d) Explain the role of natural selection in the adaptation of species to their natural environment.

[3 marks]

Total20 marks

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0212002010 J
r MODULE 2
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Answer BOTH questions.

3. (a) Table I presents data for water consumption per capita for developed and developing countries

TABLE 1: WATER CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOR DEVELOPED

AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Type ofCountry Water Consumption per CaPita (m3)

Developed 2840
Developing r070

(i) Calcu late the percentage d ifference in the per capita water consumption for developing
and developed countries.

[4 marks]

Account for the difference in per capita water consumption for developing
and
(iD
developed countries.

[4 marks]

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(iii) Discuss the environmental impact which may occur as a result of high per capita
water consumption.

[6 marks]
(b) Explain how EACH of the following may impact on the rate of growth of a population:

(i) Religion

[3 marksl
(iD Culture

[3 marks]

Total20 marks
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0212002012
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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

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4. (a) What is meant by the term 'sustainable development'?

[3 marks]

(b) Explain how high birth rates may impact on a country's ability to achieve sustainable
development.

[4 marks]

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r (c)
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Table 2 shows the Human Development Index (HDI) for two counhies, Country A
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and
Country B.

TABLE 2: HUMAIII DEVELOPMENT INDEX (IDI)

FOR COI'NTRYAAIID COUNTRY B

Country HDI
A 0.449
B 0.955

Use the two values in the table to make TWO comparisons between Country A and
Country B.

[2 marks]

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0212002015
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r (d)
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Figure 3 shows the percentage of the world's population that is affected by the lack of access
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to selected social services. Study Figure 3 and answer the questions that follow. In this
question assume that the world's total population is 7.1 billion.

Improved sanitation services

Adequate health care

Adequate housing

Clean drinking water

Electricity

0 10 20 30 40 50

Percentage of world,s population

Figure 3. Percentage of the world's population affected by

lack of access to selected social services

(i) What percentage of the world's population lacks access to adequate health care
services?

[1 markl

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0212002016
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(ii) Calculate the total number of people who lack access to BOTH clean drinking water
and improved sanitation services.

[4 marks]

(iii) Poor sanitation services may lead to increased levels of pollution. Explain THREE
different ways by which the impact of pollution may be mitigated.

[6 marks]

Total20 marks

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0212002017
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MODULE 3

Answer BOTH questions

5. Figure 4 is a diagram of coastal areas with cliffs, forests, hills, a river which runs into the ocean, some
oilrigsand a quarry.

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e.
tu

v
h v

Figure 4. Diagram showing coastal areas

(a) Identifu TWO types of natural resources illustrated in Figure 4

[2 marks]

(b) Choose ONE of the natural resources identified in (a) above and answer the following
questions

(i) Classifo the selected natural resource as renewable or non-renewable and exhaustible
or inexhaustible.

[2 marks]

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021200201CAPE 2016

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0212002018
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Using a selected natural resource as an example, explain the difference between

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'non-renewable natural resources' and'exhaustible natural resources'.

[3 marks]

(c) You overhear a student saying that a natural resource cannot be important for both livelihood
AND recreation. State whether this statement is true or false. Using ONE of the natural
resources illustrated in Figure 4 as an example, justiff your response.

[6 marks]

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02120020/CAPE 2016

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0212002019
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r (d)
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Table 3 shows the Amerindian population as a percentage of the total population in selected
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Caribbean countries.

TABLE 3: AMERINDIAN POPULATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE

TOTAL POPULATION IN SELECTED CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES

Countra Percentage of Amerindians

in the Total Population (7o)
Belize 15

Dominica 6
Guyana 9
St Vincent and the Grenadines 2

Suriname 2
Trinidad and Tobago 0.1

(i) Sketch a bar chart illustrating the data presented in Table 3. A detailed graph is not
required.

[3 marksl

(ii) Given that the total population of Trinidad and Tobago is approximately 1.3 million,
how many Amerindians are there?

[2 marksl

(iii) Outline ONE practice that the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean use to manage
their natural resources.

[2 marksl
Total20 marks

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02120020/CAPE 2016

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0212002020
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.------ 6. (a) Define the term 'non-consumptive use of natural resources' and identifu ONE example that
.+I.:: illustrates non-consumptive use of nafural resources.
i.E-:.

[2 marksl

(b) (D Three tools that can be used for natural resource management and conservation are
sustainable yield management waste minimization and environmental legislation.
Choose ONE of these tools and explain how it works to achieve natural resource
management and conservation.

[4 marks]

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(ii) Explain how political factors can influence the successful use of the tools for natural
resource management.

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[3 marks]

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02120020tcAPE 2016

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0212002022 J
r (c)
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Figure 5 shows the number of threatened plant and animal species in selected Caribbean
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territories. study Figure 5 carefully and answer the questions that follow.

25
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c)
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q)

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q)

E10
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q)

E-
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0
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Figure 5. Graph showing the number of threatened plant and animal

species in selected Caribbean territories

Source: The World Bank, Environmental Indicators, www.data.worldbank.org/indicator

(D Using a suitable table, summarizethe information shown in Figure 5.

[5 marks]

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0212002023
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Suggest THREE reasons why fish are the most threatened species in all
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three
territories.

[6 marksl

Total20 marks

END OF'TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORI( ON THIS TEST.

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