r FORM TP 2018002

qto TEST CODE OI2O7O2O

JANUARY 2OI8
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CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIf,'ICATE@

EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1 This paper consists of SIX questions in two sections. Answer ALL questions

2 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

J DO NOT write in the margins.

4 Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated by diagrams.

5 If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

6. If youuse the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and' where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2016 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

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 r SECTION A
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AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

l. Table I shows data obtained from a tree study done by ecology students.

TABLE l: ORGAIIISMS FOUND ON ATREE

Name of Organism Number

Ant 50

Spider 8

Lizard 6

Egret 2

Caterpillar 20

Wild pine 2
a
Tree frog J

(a) Plot the data from Table I on the grid provided on page 5.

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(5 marks)

(b) Name and outline TWO possible sampling methods that the students may have used to
collect the data shown in Table 1.

(4 marks)

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0120702005
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 r (c)
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Select from Table 1, ONE organism which belongs to EACH of the following taxonomic
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groups:

Arthropod

Reptile

Bird ...........

Amphibian
(4 marks)

(d) Explain how the method of nutrition used by the wild pine differs from the method of
nutrition used by the other organisms in the table.

(2 marks)

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0120702006
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 r (e) (i)
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Name and describe the type of relationship that exists between the wild pine and
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the tree.

Type of relationship

Description:

(2 marks)

(ii) One student observes an orange-yellow vine growing on one portion of the tree
where the leaves are dying. How does the relationship between this vine and the
tree differ from the relationship described in (e) (i) above?

(2 marks)

(iii) State TWO reasons why the vine causes the leaves of the tree to die.

(2 marks)

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0120702007
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Of the six lizards collected, four are green and two are brown. These are later classified
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by field scientists as members of the same species. Use the theory of natural seleetion to
explain why the green lizards are apparently more numerous than the brown ones.

(4 marks)

Total25 marks

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2. (a)
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Complete Table2 by listing the final digestive products of the three macronutrients.
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TABLE 2: MACRONUTRIENTS AND FINAL PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION

Macronutrient Final Product of Digestion

Carbohydrate

Protein

Fat

(3 marks)

(b) Outline how the final products of the digestion of protein and fat are transported from the
gut to the liver.

Protein

Fat

(2 marks)

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0120702009
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The pancreas plays an important role in the digestion of food and the homeostatic control
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of blood sugar levels.

(i) Explain the role of the pancreas in the digestion of food.

(3 marks)

(ii) The line diagram below summarizes the role of the pancreatic hormones in the
control of blood glucose levels. Complete the diagram by filling in the boxes with
the names of Hormones X and Y.

Hormone X

Glucose Glycogen
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HormoneY

(2 marks)

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0120702010
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Explain the role of the liver in the homeostatic control of blood glucose levels.
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(2 marks)

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0120702011
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Figure 1 shows the variation in blood glucose concentration for two persons, A and B,
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during the course of 48 hours. Use the information in Figure I to answer the questions
that follow.

KEY

Food

300 B

250
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7 s.m. 12 noon 6 p.m. 7 a.m. 12 noon 6 p.m. 7 a.m.

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Figure 1. Variation in blood glucose concentration over 48 hours

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0120702012
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(i) Which person is MOST likely suffering from diabetes mellitus? Give ONE reason
for your answer.

(2 marks)

(ii) Based on the data in Figure l, suggest the range for blood glucose concentration
in a healthy person.

(1 mark)

Total 15 marks

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Figure 2 is a diagram of an enlarged section of the human lung.

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Direction of blood flow

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Figure 2. Enlarged section of human lung

(a) (i) Name the structures labelled I,II,III and IV in Figure 2.

UI

IV
(4 marks)

(ii) State the function of EACH of the parts labelled II and IV in Figure 2.

II

Iv

(2 marks)

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0120702014
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Cigarette smoking is a public health concern because cigarette smoke contains chemicals
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that can destroy lung tissue.

(i) State TWO ways in which the appearance of the lung of a smoker differs from
that of a non-smoker.

(2 marks)

(iD Suggest TWO benefits of placing a ban on the smoking of cigarettes in public
places.

(2 marks)

(iii) Name the addictive component in cigarettes and suggest ONE negative impact of
drug addiction.

Addictive component

Negative impact

(2 marks)

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The alveolus has a function similar to that of a dicotyledonous leaf.

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State THREE ways by which a dicotyledonous leaf is adapted to carry out this function.

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks

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0120702016 I
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AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4. (a) With the aid of a diagram of a reflex arc, describe the response of an individual whose
skin suddenly comes into contact with a hot surface.

Diagram of a reflex arc

Description

(6 marks)

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0I207020|JANUARY 2018

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0120702017
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The skin plays a role in maintaining a constant body temperature. Explain the skin's role
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in the reduction of internal body temperature, and suggest ONE reason why the internal
body temperature should be kept constant.

Role

Reason:

(5 marks)
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OL2O7OZO/JANUARY 20I8

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0120702018
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Scientists predict that global temperatures will continue to rise over the next decade. State
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TWO factors that have contributed to rising global temperatures, and state TWO negative
effect of rising global temperatures on biological diversity in the Caribbean.

Factors:

Negative effects:

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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5. (a)
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Name THREE types of diseases and state ONE example of EACH type of disease.
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(6 marks)

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Discuss THREE differences between natural immunity and artificial immunity, and describe
any THREE steps of the mechanism (in the body) by which artificial immunity is acquired.

(9 marks)

Total 15 marks
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6.
1.,

Sexual reproduction in both plants and animals requires the movement of male gametes to fertilize
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female gametes.

(a) Meiosis results in the formation of gametes. List TWO important events that occur during
meiosis that can lead to genetic variation among offspring.

(2 marks)

(b) Describe the process by which the male gamete reaches the female gamete in a flower.

(4 marks)

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01207020lJANUARY 2018

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0120702022 J
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haemophiliac child have ttre normal blood clotting

a rait.
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Use a genetic diagram to
explain how this child could inherit the trait for haemophilia.

(9 marks)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IFYOU FIIYISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YO{IR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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