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Culture Documents
Il Il Il: and Contrasting
Il Il Il: and Contrasting
CHAPTER
,*-
P Read the loll;wing letter' lt contains eight
them. Then ret{rite the conected lstter'
mistakes' Find the mistakes and conect
il v 11
il Comparing
il and Contrasting
il Similarities and Differences
F Very often in your writing you vrill need to show horv things are simiiar or
different. When you compare [q'o things, you show how they are similar.
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!7hen you contrast two things, you show how they are different.
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On Your Own I
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.
earing a vegetarian diet
what society should do about crime
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. allowing women to serve in the military
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( A1ORE OROWH ?
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CHAPTER 1O
T COI!4PANING AND CONTRAST NG 93
Negative sentences with &e oerb be
Slmllarltios Dlf{eronces
The blue dress isn't expensive. The green dress isn,t expensive.
a. The blue dress isn't expensive, qagt the green dress isn,t,9$91
b. The blue dress isn't expensive, 4qg[ neither lt the green dress.
Nesative 6entences with oiqr eerbs
Owls don't sleep at night. Mice don't sleep at night.
a. Owls don't sleep at night, anclmice dont either,
b. Owls don't sleep at night, ga{ neither do mice.
Comparing
Practice uslng these st.uctures. Follow the example.
Example
RECOGNIZING SIMILARITIES
A. Read the model paragraph. Ann runs four miles a dav. Beth ruos four miles a day,
. Ann runs four nilcs a day ana 6cth docs tao.
Ann and Beth are identical twins, so it's easy to understand the b. Aflh runs four mllqt a .lay eA! 90 docs gcth
embarrassiog mistake I made yesterday. I was planning to ask Ann for a date,
but it rumed out l asked Beth. The two sisters look exactly alike. Both girls Mark plays rhe piano. Dave plays thc piano
ale tall and thin with short curly brown hair. They also have the same unusual a.
blue-green eye color. ln addition, Ann wears gold-rimmed glasses and so does
Beth. Finally, both Ann and Beth have freckles. I wouldn't be surprised if they b.
even have the exact same number of'freckles, Now I have ro explain my
mistake to both of them. 2. The bank opens at 9 A.M. The grocery srore opens at 9 A.M
B. What characteristics about Ann and Beth does the paragraph compare? b.
b.
CHAPTER 11
b
I 1. Mary is five feet tall John is five feet
a. (noun: fuighr)
tall
b. (adjective: all)
8 Suzan.re lives in a small apartment Amanda lives in a small apartment
2. This car costs $8,500. That car coss
$g,-500.
a.
a. (noun: pnte)
b.
b. (adjective: experuive)
9 Charlie isn't friendly. Liz isn't friendly.
3. My house has eight rooms. Your house
has eight rooms.
a.
a. (noun: size)
b.
til
b. (adjective: Eig)
10. Children need love. Adults need love
4 Jeffrey was born in 19g2. paul was born in l9g2
a
a. (noun:4ge)
b
b. (adjective: old)
t
Et, Now study these patterns of comparison 5. This story is seven ty pages long. That
story is seventy pagcs long
the some + noun + gJ a. (noun: length)
t
Carla speaks the same lanpuage as Jos6. b. (adjective: long)
(noun)
6 The teacher speaks loudly. The student
This book is the same plica as that one speaks loudly
a. (noun: t,oice)
My house is the same cqlor as yours.
f b. (adverb: loldf )
os + adjective/adverb
Sam is as tall as his father.
+cs
rfl
(adjective) English uses many other special wotds
and phrases to show compa.ison
I
the same
Practic€ using thoso pattorns. Follow the examplo
slmilarly likewise
Example
'
CHAPTER 11
T COMPARING AAIO CONTRASTING
B Read thg following mod,/,1 paragraph and underllno all lhe oxpressions o,
4 The Reporf€, is very conservative and so is The
comparlson. ; Moniror. (both)
The Reputet u:dThe Monitor are very similar weekly magazines. Firsr of all, il 5. Both magazines are translated into ten languages. (as.
. . as)
they have many sections in common. For example, both magazines have
H
variety of structures and vocabulary.
popular magazines cost $4.99, and both are rcad by millions of people around
Example
the vrorld, They also have the same cove! stoty almost every week, and they The Empire State Building / the Statue of Liberty
usually review the same books and movies in their culture sections. Another
H Ihe Ernoire Slatc O uildin4 io in New York Cirv an4
oo i5 th e 1talue of Libert\
similarity between the two magazines is their point ofview. The Reporter
consewative and so is Tfu Monicor. Finally, both magazines are translated into
ten languages.
is very
tH 7
l. England / United Srates
I 3. lemons / bananas
r
(:. Make a list o, the slmilarities between the two magazlnes.
r 5. chernistry / biology
A These sentences are basgd on the paragraph above, Combine thg sentences using
the words ln parentheses. You may need to reter back lo the paragraph.
Example
rII c Write ,our sentences comparing Jane Wexler and Ruth
Friedman. Base your
comparisons on the intormation provided on their driver,s
licenses.
The Monitor and The Reporter are both weekly magazines. (and so)
lh. u,'1lt,t i6 a w..klv madaaln. anA 6a ic fh. R.nart..
t D RIVER
;S
Eye color:
LI CENS E
Hair color:
B].ack
DR IV E R s LICI'N SE
I ffi
Eye colo ri
t. Both Tfu Monitor and The Reporter are weekly magazines. (and so) Date ol Birth a Halr color:
Helght: 6 t7Ol5L Blact
5'3" H ei gh ti
Oate ol Birthl
5 3
6/30/61
I
2. The Montor and Tlw Reporter report on political, financial, and cultural events Jane Wexler R U ih riedma
of the world. (and . . . too)
I CHAPTER 11 :
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING 99
E). Study the followlng sds, Wdte four sentences ol comparlson based on your
observatigns and the lnlormation provlded. F
t
2
lr
lik. th;;"rr';;;;:,il;.|ooi."'"
Ladies' a
il
fitfllenecl<
L6dlet, b
turtlenc<k c
r
foreign Minister to France
Time and Neusrreel have several things in common. o founded Universiry of Virginia
Time and Neqrsurcei< are alike in many ways. o philosopher, architecr, invientor
Time and Neursureek sha(e maoy similariries. . played important role in American Revolution
Time is similar to Neqrsrueei< in several ways.
B. Write three different topic sentences ror each of the rollowing paragraphs.
L
I Et Make a llst of the similarities between the two men
b
c
r
I
O CHAPTER 11
r COMPARING ANO CONTRASTN:
wrtung I
Wrlting
C. Complets the paragraph comparing these lwo lamous Am€rlcans. Use your llst of
c Now wrlte a paragraph ol comparlscn. Be sure to identify
slmllarltles as a gulde. the two things you ars
comparlng in the topic sentence. Then use the list of similarities
from ; as your
Bcnjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson have many things in common. guide.
- READY
TO WRITE
Revlslng
Revlslng
r,. F€ad over your paragraph and look for ways lo improvo iL Use the revising
D. Flead over your paragraph and look for ways to imprgve
it. Use ths revising
checklist on page 44 to help you. Elevise your paragraph and
checklist on page 44 lo help you. Revlss your paragraph and then rewrlte it then rewrite lt.
l.
CHAPTER 11
COMPARING AND COMTRAST1NG .I03
THE I..ANGUAGE OF CONTRAST
Adiectives that are used rc describe rhe differences between two
people or things are
HJ 3. The third chapter is very difficult. The fourth chapter isnt as difficult.
t
is a very careful a very careful driver
A. Read the model Paragrsph.
Sue aod Linda are sisters' but they are different in many ways - For
;iil'il;r.'
;;;;";ii*.
darker eyes and longer hair than
different. Sue is more
one
thins. theit physical appearances are very different Sue is raller-and thinner
'ii"a, hrt Sue- Their
serious and more ambitious than
t SIGNAL WORDS OF CONTRAST
English uses many signal words to show contrast.
T
are also
LtJ.-ah" is a berter srudent because she studies hatder than her sister' on
J" othe. hand, Linda is more creative and more social than Sue' although Althorrgh my mother is talkative, my father is quiet.
My mother
T
how€ver is talkati're. Hor.r,ever, my father is quiet.
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unlike Unlike my motheq my father is quiet.
Add more in front of longer adjectives
beau tifu[ ---+- more beautiful
Tfu
H
Reporter and Style Magalinc are very different weekly magazioes. Fitst of
god better all, they have different sections. The Repotter has sections on polirics, finance;
better science, and culture. On the other hand, Style has sections on fashion, home
t
well
bad worSe decorating, cooking, and gardening. In addition, The Reportef cosrs $3.50 per issuc,
fat farther, further bur Srlle cosrs $5.00 per issue. Finally, The Reponer is translated into ten languages,
but Srylt is only in English.
B. Reread the model paragraph and underlin€ the comparative adjectives'
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tI
C. Praclice using comparative patterns. Follow lhe example'
WRITING CONTRAST SENTENCES
Examplc:
Write a sentence ol contrast for each ot ths following pairs o, words.
Gary weighs t?8 lbs. Cerald weighs 165 lbs'
Example feathcr / rock
Gary ie heavier than Gcfila
A fealher ie liahLet lhan a ock
l. fhe Nile is 4,145 miles (6,669 kilomerers) long The Amazon is 3,915 miles
(6,299 kilcmeters) long.
H 1. Alaska / Florida
2. Mr. Everesr is 29,025 fect (8,84? mctcrs) high. Mt. Fuji is 12,389 feet
( t, / /0 urcters) lllllr'
,I 2. airplane / rrain
CIiAPTER 11
iiI (]ONIPARINT: ANIN
'^
3. classical murrc / rock 'n' roll
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4. Volkswagen / Rolls Royce rI A Trtp to Hawa
t
ProwrlUng
trh to Hawaii' You lound these advertls€m€nts ln
L Vo, una . t,i"nd are plannlng a
the newspaper. Read the advertiiements'
5. ice cream / rice
I
ftJtt
I
. wel(ome Fany
Tfu Reporter and Srllc ire very different rveckly magzines. i deluxe hotcl a<<ommodations
.
Tlrc Rcptar aod Srlh are differcat in rnany ways. . vklt to two ltlands
Tlu Reporter and Styh have many differcnces. (Oahu and fulaul)
B.
Tlc Reporrzr and Stlh differ in several *ays.
Write three dilfercnt toplc sentences lor eaclr of the tollowing paragraphs.
Il . br€akfatt and dinnet
. ttansponatlon to and
. lrom rirPo.t
l. [irst of ail, the tempera(ure io
--. is usually horter than it is in Eastfalls. In Westland it .is often in the
Wesrland
I . guided tourt around
ea<h Irland
ETEI
nineties, but in Easdatli, the tempetature rarely goes above eighty. Secondly,
the humidity k much highcr in Westland than tt is in Eastfalls. [t rains a lot in
Vestland; however, it is usually dry in Eastfalls. Overall, the weather io
I lryi.geunnl'i1ywrmfun
HAWAII
Eastfalls is more pleasant.
I ..
r
a.
b.
c.
Tr teng6:
,?"*,$2899
t5 oiy:,
ln.ll,dcr '
14 nlght5 ffv
'y- . wel(ome party :,
2
air"ffi."iffi:; :uiJHI: o o,* I . deluxc holel .
.vi3ir to two itl;ndl (Odhu and Maui)
. breakflst and dinnet
and shaggy. Another difference is their personality. Fluff'y is very fricndly
and loves peoplc. On thc other hand, Shane is shy and afraid ofpeople.
I .. lrar-lrpoitatlin to and
. ailPort
r
{rqm :
Finally, my two dogs differ in their intelligence. Unlike Shane, Fluffy ls
smart and cao do lots of tricks.
a.
b,
r
c.
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