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2019
Introduction
Introduction Classification
Civil work
Crystalline SiO2
Mechanical work (Quartz)
Electrical work
Polymer
etc.. Non-crystalline
(Amorphous)
Amorphous SiO2
(Glass)
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17.11.2019
Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
Ferrous
(0.01 – 0.25% C)
HSLA Ferrous
(0.01 – 0.25% C)
HSLA
Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
Steels Steels
Low alloy Heat treatable Low alloy High %C gives high strength & hardness
• Plain Addition of Cr, Ni & Mo improves HT • Plain but low ductility
• Carbon response • Carbon Used in hardened and tempered condition
• Alloy HT improves strength but reduce ductility • Alloy Carbide forming elements e.g. Cr, V, W are
Applications: added to form carbides in it
Gears, Railway wheels and their High wear & hardness property – tool and
tracks die steel
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Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
HSLA
(0.01 – 0.25% C) formation
Ferrous Ferrous Types:
Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
Ferrous Non-Ferrous Organic Inorganic Ferrous Produced by re-melting of pig iron with coke, lime
stone& steel scrap in a furnace – cupola
Wrought Iron Chemical reduction of ore in the presence of reducing materials (flux) – chemical
Primarily composed of iron (very low contents of %C) with 1 to 2% of slag — reaction (separation of metal from gangue in melted form)
mixture of Si, S, P & aluminum oxides. Temperature below the melting point of respective metal
A soft product suitable for metal forming processes rather than casting Melting is just transformation of a substance from solid to liquid – phase change
Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
Steels Cast Irons Good electrical and thermal Steels Cast Irons
conductivities
• Plain • White • Al Resistance to corrosion • Plain • White • Al • Plastic • Minerals
• Carbon • Grey • Cu Good modulus of elasticity • Carbon • Grey • Cu • Wood • Cement
• Alloy • Malleable • Mg Better welding properties • Alloy • Malleable • Mg • Paper • Glass
• Ductile • Sn • Ductile • Sn • Rubber • Ceramic
Light weight
• CGCI • Zn • CGCI • Zn • Leather • Graphite
Good castability
• Alloy • Pb • Alloy • Pb • Petroleum
• Ni & its alloys • Ni & its alloys
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Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
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17.11.2019
Classification Classification
Engineering Materials Engineering Materials
Non-metallic Materials Rarely contains carbon but no C-H, C-C covalent bonding Non-metallic Materials
Low melting & boiling point
Usually smaller length of chains than organic compound –
Covalent molecular structure
Organic Inorganic don’t contain carbon chains Inorganic
High melting & boiling points
Further classification – based on their source
Usually soluble in water but insoluble in organic liquids
Cellulose materials – Living matter made of cellulose &
If flammable – don’t decomposes to CO2, CO & C
lignin e.g. wood, leaves etc. • Plastic • Minerals • Minerals
Ionic & covalent molecular structure
Proteinaceous materials – Have animal origin e.g. • Wood • Cement • Cement
• Paper • Glass • Glass
leather, wool, silk etc.
• Rubber • Ceramic • Ceramic
Organic polymers – derived from fossil fuels or other
• Leather • Graphite • Graphite
oils e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, natural resins etc.
• Petroleum
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Material Selection
Non-metallic
- alumina (ceramic)
electrically insulating
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