SIGNAL & SYSTEM

Objective Paper –“Topic wise Updated up to GATE-2019 & IES-2014”

(VERSION : 12|07|19)

GATE / IES
For “Electrical” , “Elect. & Comm.” And “Instrumentation” Engg.

Also useful for:

Public Sector Units & State Engineering Service Examination

This booklet contains Topic Wise…..

 GATE (EC/IN/EE) 31 year of problems (Year 1987 to 2019).
 IES (EC/EE) 24 year of problems (Year 1991 to 2014).
 In-house developed concept building problems.
 Total Around 800 number of problems.

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
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 SYLLABUS: SIGNAL & SYSTEM
GATE-2020
Electronics & Comm.(EC)
Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform representations, sampling theorem and
applications; Discrete-time signals: discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), DFT, FFT, Z-transform,
interpolation of discrete-time signals; LTI systems: definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse
response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay,
phase delay, digital filter design techniques.

Electrical (EE)
Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals, Shifting and scaling operations, Linear Time Invariant
and Causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals, Sampling theorem,
Applications of Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform and z-Transform.

IES-2020
Electronics & Comm.(EC)
Classification of signals and systems: System modelling in terms of differential and difference equations;
State variable representation; Fourier series; Fourier representation; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and
their application to system analysis; Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution
and superposition integrals and their applications; Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis and
characterisation of discrete time systems; Random signals and probability, Correlation functions; Spectral
density; Response of linear system to random inputs.

Expert Comments
 Comparing to the GATE-EC syllabus GATE-EE syllabus does not contains discrete time analysis
(except the Z transform).

 IES-EE syllabus does not contains the “Signal & System”.

SIGNAL & SYSTEM
 Table of Contents
1. CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNAL & SYSTEM 1
1.1 SYSTEM’S CLASSIFICATION…………………………………………………………………………………………… 1

1.2 CONTINUOUS SIGNAL…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7

1.3 PERIODS OF SIGNAL…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10

1.4 CONVOLUTION THEOREM………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12

1.5 DELTA FUNCTIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17

1.6 ENERGY, POWER & RMS…………………………………………………………………………………………. 18

1.7 MISCELLANEOUS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21

2. DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL & SYSTEM 26

2.1 SYSTEM’S CLASSIFICATION…………………………………………………………………………………………..26

2.2 MISCELLANEOUS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29

3. FOURIER SERIES 35
3.1 THEORETICAL PROBLEM………………………………………………………………..………………………….. 35

3.2 NUMERICAL PROBLEM……………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 38

4. FOURIER TRANSFORM 45
4.1 THEORETICAL PROBLEM………………………………………………………………………………………….... 45

4.2 NUMERICAL PROBLEM………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 48

5. LAPLACE TRANSFORM 59
5.1 THEORETICAL PROBLEM………………………………………………………………………………………….....59

5.2 NUMERICAL PROBLEM………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 60

6. SAMPLING THEOREM 75
7. Z- TRANSFORM 80
8. DFS/DTFT/DFT/FFT 94
9. RANDOM VARIABLE 98
10. MISCELLANEOUS 103
10.1 LTI SYSTEMS CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE (TIME DOMAIN) …………………………………………… 111

ANSWER KEYS 113

 01
Continuous Time
Signal & System
System’s Classification (A) The impulse response will be
integrable, but may not be absolutely
AA [GATE – EC3 – 2014] integrable.
(1) Let h(t) denotes the impulse response of a (B) The unit impulse response will have
1 finite support.
causal system with transfer function . (C) The unit step response will be
S 1
Consider the following three statements. absolutely integrable
S1: The system is stable. (D) The unit step response will be bounded.
h  t  1 AD [IES - EC - 1997]
S2: is independent of t for t > 0. (5) Which of following represents a stable
h t system?
S3: A non causal system with the same 1. Impulse response of the system
transfer function is stable. decreases exponentially
For the above system,
2. Area within the impulse response is
(A) Only S1 and S2 are true finite.
(B) Only S2 and S3 are true 3. Eigen values of the system are positive
(C) Only S1 and S3 are true and real.
(D) S1 , S2 and S3 are true 4. Roots of the characteristic equation of
the system are real and negative
AC [GATE – EC – 1991]
(2) An excitation is applied to a system at t = T Select the correct answer using the codes
and its response is zero for   t  T . given below:
Such a system is a Codes :
(A) non-causal system (A) 1 and 4 (B) 1 and 3
(B) stable system (C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 4
(C) causal system AD [IES - EC - 2000]
(D) unstable system (6) A continuous - time system is governed by
AD [GATE - EE/EC/IN - 2012] the equation :
(3) The input x(t) and output y(t) of a system are 3 y 3 (t )  2 y 2 (t )  y (t )  x 2 (t )  x (t )
t
related as y(t )   x( τ )cos(3τ )dτ. {y(t) and x(t) respectively are output and

input }. The system is
The system is :
(A) Time-invariant and stable (A) linear and dynamic
(B) Stable and not time-invariant (B) linear and non - dynamic
(C) Time-invariant and not stable (C) non - linear and dynamic
(D) Not time-invariant and not stable (D) non - linear and non - dynamic
AD [GATE – EE – 2015] AC [GATE – EC – 2008]
(4) For linear time invariant systems, that are (7) The input and output of a continuous time
Bounded Input Bounded Output stable, system are respectively denoted by x (t) and
which one of the following statements is y (t). Which of the following descriptions
TRUE? corresponds to a causal system?

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(A) y (t )  x(t  2)  x(t  4) (C) y(t) = 2 x(t - 1) - x(t - 2) - x(t - 4)
(B) y (t )  (t  4) x(t  1) (D) y(t ) = 2 x(t) + 3.6

(C) y (t )  (t  4) x(t  1) AB [IES-EC-2014]

(13) A system is characterized by the input-
(D) y (t )  (t  5) x(t  5) output relation
AB [IES - EC - 2004] y (t )  x(2t )  x (3t )
(8) If the response of a system to an input does For all t, where y(t) is the output and x(t) is
not depend on the future values of the input,
the input. It is
then which one of following is true for the
system? (A) linear and causal
(B) linear and non-causal
(A) It is aperiodic
(C) non-linear and causal
(B) It is causal
(D) non-linear and non-causal
(C) It is anticipatory
AB [GATE – EC2 – 2015]
(D) It is discrete (14) Input x(t) and output y(t) of an LTI system
AB [IES - EC - 2000] are related by the differential equation y"(t)
(9) Which one of the following systems is a – y'(t) – 6y(t) = x(t). If the system is neither
causal system? [ y(t) is output and u(t) is a causal nor stable, the impulse response h(t)
input step function] of the system is

(A) y(t) = sin (u (t + 3)) 1 3t 1

(A) e u(t)  e2t u(t)
5 5
(B) y(t) = 5u (t) + 3u (t - 1)
1 3t 1
(C) y(t) = 5u (t) + 3u (t + 1) (B) e u(t)  e2t u(t)
5 5
(D) y(t) = sin ( u(t -3)) + sin (u (t + 3))
1 3t 1
AD [IES - EC - 2006] (C) e u(t)  e2t u(t)
(10) Which one of the following is the correct 5 5
statement ? 1 3t 1 2t
(D)  e u(t)  e u(t)
The system characterized by the equation 5 5
y(t) = a x(t) + b is
AB [GATE – EC – 2005]
(A) linear for any value of b (15) Which of the following can be impulse
(B) linear if b > 0 response of a causal system?
(C) linear if b < 0
(D) non-linear
AD [GATE - IN - 2009] (A)
(11) For input x(t), an ideal impulse sampling
system produces the output

y (t )  
k 
x ( kT ) (t  kT ) where  (t) is

the Dirac delta function.

The system is (B)
(A) Nonlinear and time invariant
(B) Nonlinear and time varying
(C) Linear and time invariant
(D) Linear and time varying
AD [IES - EC - 1998]
(C)
(12) Which one of the following system is non-
linear? [y(t) = output; x(t) = input]
(A) y(t) = 2x(t - 1) - 3 x(t -2) + x(t - 3)
(B) y(t) = 5 x(t)

Page 2 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
AA [GATE – EC – 2008]
(18) Let x(t) be the input and y(t) be the output of
a continuous time system. Match the system
(D) properties P1 , P2 and P3 with system
relations R1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 .
Properties Relations
AD [IES - EC - 1999] P1: Linear but R 1 : y  t   t 2 x(t)
(16) Which one of the following input - output NOT time-
relationships is that of a linear system? invariant
P2: Time-invariant R2 : y t  t x t 
but NOT linear
P3: Linear and R3 : y  t   x  t 
(A)
time-invariant

R 4 : y  t   x  t  5

(A)  P1 , R 1  ,  P2 , R 3  ,  P3 , R 4 

(B)  P1 , R 2  ,  P2 , R 3  ,  P3 , R 4 
(B)
(C)  P1 , R 3  ,  P2 , R 1  ,  P3 , R 2 

(D)  P1 , R 1  ,  P2 , R 2  ,  P3 , R 3 

AA [IES - EC - 2010]
(19) Assertion (A) : A linear system gives a
bounded output if the input is bounded.
(C)
Reason (R) : The roots of the characteristic
equation have all negative real parts and the
response due to initial conditions decays to
zero as time t tends to infinity.
Codes :
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
(D) correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not a
correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
AD [GATE – EC – 2001]
(D) A is false but R is true
(17) The impulse response functions of four
linear systems S1 , S2 , S3 and S4 are given AD [IES - EC - 2010]
respectively by (20) Assertion (A) : The system described by
y 2 (t)  2y(t)  x 2 (t)  x(t)  c is a linear
h1 ( t )  1 ; h2 ( t )  u (t ) ;
and static system.
u (t ) Reason (R) : The dynamic system is
h3 (t )  ; h4 (t )  e3t u(t ), characterized by differential equation.
t 1
Codes :
Where u (t) is the unit step function. Which (A) Both A and R are true and R is the
of these systems is time invariant, causal, correct explanation of A
and stable ?
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not a
(A) S1 (B) S2 correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(C) S3 (D) S4
(D) A is false but R is true

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AD [GATE - EE - 2006] (C) At least one system is causal and all
(21) A continuous-time system is described by systems are unstable
y(t) = e | x (t )| , where y(t) is the output and (D) The majority are unstable and the
x(t) is the input. y(t) is bounded majority are causal
(A) Only when x(t) is bounded
AC [GATE - IN - 2011]
(B) Only when x(t) is non-negative (25) Consider a system with input x(t) and output
(C) Only for t  0 if x(t) is bounded for y(t) related as follows
t0 d t
(D) Even when x(t) is not bounded
y (t ) 
dt
e x(t )
AB [GATE – EC – 2009] Which one of the following statements is
(22) Consider a system whose input x and output TRUE?
y are related by the equation (A) The system is nonlinear
 (B) The system is time – invariant
y(t )   x(t  τ )h(2τ )dτ

(C) The system is stable
(D) The system has memory
Where h(t) is shown in the graph.
AC [GATE - IN - 2010]
Which of the following four properties are (26) The input x(t) and the corresponding output
possessed by the system? y(t) of a system are related by
BIBO: Bounded input gives a bounded 5t
output. y (t )   x ( τ ) dτ . The system is

Causal: The system is causal. (A) Time invariant and causal
LP : The system is low pass. (B) Time invariant and non causal
LTI : The system is linear and time- (C) Time variant and non causal
invariant. (D) Time variant and causal
AAB [IES - EC - 1997]
(27) Let h(t) be the response of a linear system to
a unit impulse δ(t).
Consider the following statements in this
regard :
(A) Causal, LP (B) BIBO, LTI 1. If the system is causal, h(t) = 0 for t < 0
(C) BIBO, Causal, LTI (D) LP, LTI 2. If the system is time-variable, then the
response of the system to an input of δ(t
AB [GATE - EE - 2010] - T) is h(t - T) for all values of the
(23) The system represented by the input – output constant T.
5t
relationship: y(t) = x ( τ )dτ , t  0 is 3. If the system is non-dynamic, then h(t)
 is of the from A δ(t), where the
(A) Linear and causal Constant A depends on the system.
Of these statements
(B) Linear but not causal
(A) 1 and 2 are correct
(C) Causal but not linear (B) 1 and 3 are correct
(D) Neither linear nor causal (C) 2 and 3 are correct
(D) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
AB [GATE - EE - 2009]
(24) A cascade of 3 Linear Time Invariant AD [IES - EC - 2006]
systems is causal and unstable. From this, (28) Which one of the following is the correct
we conclude that statement ?
(A) Each system in the cascade is The continuous time system described by
individually causal and unstable y(t) = x(t2) is
(B) At least one system is unstable and at (A) causal, linear and time-varying
least one system is causal
(B) causal, non-linear and time-varying

Page 4 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
(C) non-causal, non-linear and time- List I
invariant
(Equation)
(D) non-causal and time-variant
dy
(A) 2t  4y  2tx
AD [IES - EC - 2007] dt
(29) Which of the following is correct ? A system
can be completely described by a transfer dy
(B) y  4y  2x
function if it is dt
(A) non-linear and continuous d2 y dy dx
(C) 4 2
2 y 3
(B) linear and time-varying dt dt dt
(C) non-linear and time-invariant 2
 dy  dx
(D) linear and time invariant (D)    2ty  4
 dt  dt
AD [IES - EC - 2008] List II
(30) If v-i characteristic of a circuit is given by
v(t) = t i(t) + 2, the circuit is of which type ? (System Category)
(A) Linear and time invariant 1. Linear, time-invariant and dynamic
(B) Linear and time variant 2. Non-linear, time-invariant and dynamic
(C) Non-linear and time invariant 3. Linear, time-variable and dynamic
(D) Non-linear and time variant
4. Non-linear, time-variable and dynamic
AA [IES - EC - 2009]
5. Non-linear, time-invariant and non-
(31) The output y(t) of a continuous-time system
dynamic
S for the input x(t) is given by :
t Codes:
y(t)   x( )d

A B C D
Which one of the following is correct ? (A) 3 2 1 4
(A) S is linear and time-invariant (B) 4 1 5 3
(B) S is linear and time-varying (C) 3 1 5 4
(C) S is non-linear and time-invariant
(D) 4 2 1 3
(D) S is non-linear and time-varying
AD [GATE - EE - 2008]
AC [IES - EC - 2012] (34) The impulse response of a causal linear time
(32) With the following equations, the time- – invariant system is given as h(t). Now
invariant systems are consider the following two statements:
d 2 y (t ) d Statement(I): Principle of superposition
1. 2
 2t y (t )  5 y (t )  x(t )
dt dt holds
2. y (t )  e 2 x (t ) Statement (II): h(t) = 0 for t < 0
2
d  Which one of the following statement is
3. y (t )   x (t )  correct?
 dt 
d 2 t (A) Statement (I) is correct and Statement
4. y (t )  [e x(t )] (II) is wrong
dt
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 4 (B) Statement (II) is correct and Statement
(I) is wrong
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 3 and 4
(C) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II)
AA [IES - EC - 2005] are wrong
(33) The governing differential equations
connecting the output y(t) and the input x(t) (D) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II)
of four continuous time systems are given in are correct
the List I and List II respectively. Match List AD [GATE - EE - 2008]
I (Equation) with List II (System Category) (35) A system with input x(t) and output y(t) is
and select the correct answer using the code defined by the input – output relation:
given below the Lists :

www.targate.org Page 5
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
2t AA [IES - EC - 2005]
Y(t)=  x t  d  (39) Consider the following statements about
 linear time-invariant (LTI) continuous time
The system will be system :
1. The output signal in an LTI system with
(A) Causal, time – invariant and unstable
known input and known impulse
(B) Causal, time – invariant and stable response can always be determined.
(C) Non – Causal, time – invariant and 2. A causal LTI system is always stable.
unstable 3. A stable LTI system has an impulse
(D) Non – causal, time – variant and response, h(t) which has a finite value
unstable when integrated over whole of the time


AD [IES - EC - 1998] axis, i.e.,  h( )d  is finite.

(36) The impulse response of a causal, linear, 

time-invariant, continuous-time system is Which of the statements given above are

h(t). The output y(t) of the same system to an correct ?
input x(t), where x(t) = 0 for t < -2, is (A) 1 and 3 (B) 1 and 2
t
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
(A)  h ( ) x (t   ) d
0 AA [IES - EC - 1994]
t
(40) Assertion (A) : A memory less system is
(B)  h ( ) x ( t   ) d  causal
2
t 2
Reason (R) : A system is causal if the
(C) output at any time depends only on values
 h ( ) x (t   )d
2 of input at that time and in the past.
t 2
Codes:
(D)  h ( ) x (t   )d
0
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A
AB [IES - EC - 1999] (B) Both A and R are true but R is not a
(37) Which one of the following pairs is NOT correct explanation of A
correctly matched? (input x(t) and output
(C) A is true but R is false
y(t)).
(D) A is false but R is true
(A) Unstable system:
A(1-D),(2-B) [GATE – EC – 1997]
dy(t ) (41) Match each of the items 1, 2 on the left with
 0.1y(t )  x(t )
dt the most appropriate item A, B, C or D on
dy(t ) the right.
(B) Nonlinear system:  2t 2 y(t )  x(t )
dt In the case of a linear time invariant system
(C) Non causal system : y(t) = x(t + 2) (1) Poles pole in (A) Exponential
(D) Non dynamic system : y(t) = 3 x2 (t) the right half decay of output
plane implies
AA [IES - EC - 2000]
(38) If the step response of a causal, linear time (2) Impulse (B) System is
invariant system is a(t), then the response of response zero causal
the system to the general input x(t) would be for t  0
t
da ( ) implies
(A)  x (t   )d
d ( ) (C) No stored
0
energy in the
t
(B) a (0) x ( t )  da ( ) system
 x ( t   ) d
0  d ( ) (D) System is
t
unstable
(C) x (0) a ( t )   x ( )a ( t   ) d 
0
AB [GATE – EC – 2000]
t
(D) x (0) a ( t )  da ( ) (42) A system with an input x(t) and output y(t) is
 x ( t   ) d
0
d ( ) described by the relation: y(t) = tx(t). This
system is

Page 6 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
(A) linear and time-invariant Continuous Signal
(B) linear and time-varying
(C) non-linear and time –invariant AA [GATE-EE1-2014]
(1) The function shown in the figure can be
(D) non-linear and time-varying
represented as
S6AC [GATE – EE – 2016]
(43) Consider a continuous-time system with
input x (t ) and output y (t ) given by
This system is
(A) linear and time-invariant
(B) non-linear and time-invariant
(C) linear and time-varying
(t  T )
(D) non-linear and time-varying (A) u (t )  u (t  T )  u (t  T )
T
AB [GATE–S2–EC–2017] (t  2T )
(44) The input x(t) and the output y(t) of a  u (t  2T )
continuous-time system are related as T
t t
t (B) u (t )  u(t  T )  u(t  2T )
y (t )   x (u )du T u
t T

(t  T )
The system is (C) u (t )  u (t  T ) 
T
(A) linear and time-variant
(t  2T )
u (t )  u (t )
(B) linear and time-invariant T
(C) non-linear and time-variant (t  T ) (t  2T )
(D) u(t )  u(t  T )  2
(D) non-linear and time-invariant T T
u (t  2T )
AC [GATE – EC – 2018]
(45) Let the input be u and the output be y of a AB [IES - EC - 1997]
system, and the other parameters are real (2) Match List-I with List-II and select the
constants. Identify which among the correct answer using the codes given below
following systems is not a linear system: the Lists:
d3y d2y dy List - I
(A)  a1  a2  a3 y  b3u  b2
dt 3 dt 2 dt
(A)
du d 2u
 b1 2 (with initial rest
dt dt
conditions)
t
 (t  )
(B) y(t )   e u() d 
0 (B)
(C) y  au  b, b  0
(D) y  au

AD [GATE-EE-2019]
(46) The symbols, a and T, represent positive (C)
quantities and u(t) is the unit step function.
Which one of the following impulse
responses is NOT the output of a causal
linear time-invariant system?
(A) eat u(t ) (B) ea(t T )u(t )
(D)
a ( t T ) at
(C) e u(t ) (D) 1  e u(t )

**********
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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
List - II
1. v(t) = u(t + 1)
2. v(t) = u(t) - 2u(t - 1) + 2u(t - 2) - 2u(t - 3)
3. v(t) = u(t - 1) - u(t - 3) (C)
4. Lt v ( t )   ( t  1)
a0

Codes :
A B C D
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 3 4 1 2
(C) 4 3 2 1
(D) 4 3 1 2 (D)

AC [GATE – EC – 2006]
(3) Which of the following is true?
(A) A finite signal is always bounded
AD [IES - EC - 2005]
(B) A bounded signal always possess finite
(5) In the graph shown in fig., which one of the
energy
following expresses v(t) ?
(C) A bounded signal is always zero outside
the interval   t 0 , t 0  for some t 0

(D) A bounded signal is always finite

AA [IES - EC - 1999]
(4) If a plot of signal x(t) is as shown in the Fig.
1,
(A) (2t + 6) [u(t-3)+2u(t – 4)]
(B) (–2t – 6) [u(t – 3)+u(t – 4)]
(C) (–2t+6)[u(t – 3) + u(t – 4)]
(D) (2t – 6) [u(t – 3) – u(t – 4)]
AD [IES - EC - 1991]
(6) The expression for the waveform in terms of
step function is given by
Then the plot of the signal x(1 - t) will be

(A)

(A) v = u(t - 1) - u(t - 2) + u(t - 3)

(B) v = u(t - 1) + u(t - 2) + u(t - 3)
(C) v = u(t - 1) + u(t - 2) - u(t - 3)
(D) v = u(t - 1) + u(t - 2) + u(t - 3) - 3u(t - 4)
AA [IES - EC - 1991]
(7) If from the function f(t) one forms the
function,  (t ) = f(t) + f(-t), them  (t ) is
(B)
(A) even
(B) odd
(C) neither even nor odd
(D) both even and odd

Page 8 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
AC [IES - EC - 2010] This represents the unit
(8) The mathematical model of the below shown
(A) sinc function
signal is
(B) area triangular function
(C) signum function
(D) parabolic function

*********

(A) x(t) = u(2 + t)

(B) x(t) = u(t – 2)
(C) x(t) = u(2 – t)
(D) x(t) = u(t – 1)
AB [GATE – EC – 2000]
(9) Let u (t) be the unit step function. Which of
the waveforms in Fig. (A)- (D) corresponds
to the convolution of [u(t )  u (t  1)] with
[u (t )  u(t  2)]?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

AC [IES - EC - 2004]
(10) Consider the following waveform :
Which one of the following gives the correct
description of the waveform shown in the
below diagram?

(A) u(t) + u(t – 1)

(B) u(t) + u(t – 1)u (t – 1)
(C) u(t) + u(t – 1) + (t – 2) u(t – 2)
(D) u(t) + (t – 2) u (t – 2)
AB [IES - EC - 2012]
(11) A signal f(t) is described as
f (t)  [1 | t |] when | t | 1
0 when | t |  1

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
Periods of Signal AA [GATE - IN - 2006]
(7) The Fourier series for a periodic signal is
AA [GATE-EC/EE/IN-2013] given as
(1) For a periodic signal
x ( t )  cos(1.2 πt )  cos(2 πt )  cos(2.8πt )
v (t )  30sin100t  10cos300t  6sin (500t ,
π / 4) the fundamental frequency in rad/s is The fundamental frequency of the signal is
(A) 100 (B) 300 (A) 0.2 Hz (B) 0.6 Hz
(C) 500 (D) 1500 (C) 1.0 Hz (D) 1.4 Hz

AC [GATE - IN - 2011] AB & D [GATE – EC – 1992]

(2) The continuous – time signal x (t )  sin  0 t (8) Which of the following signals is/are
periodic?
is a periodic signal. However, for its discrete
– time counterpart x[n] = sin  0 n to be (A) s(t )  cos 2t  cos3t  cos5t
periodic, the necessary condition is (B) s(t )  exp( j8t )
(A) 0  0  2π (C) s(t )  exp(7t )sin10t
2π (D) s(t )  cos 2t cos 4t
(B) to be an integer
0
AA [GATE - IN - 2005]
2π (9) The fundamental period of the sequence x[n]
(C) to be a ratio of integers
0 = 3 sin(1.3πn  0.5 π )  5 sin(1.2 πn ) is :
(D) none 2π
(A) 20 (B)
AD [GATE - EE - 2010] 1.3π
(3) The period of the signal x(t) = 8
2π
 π (C) (D) 10
sin  0.8πt   is 1.2π
 4
AB [IES - EC - 1999]
(A) 0.4 π s (B) 0.8 π s
 
(C) 1.25 s (D) 2.5 s (10) The period of the function cos  (t  1)  is
4 
AB [IES - EC - 2007]
(A) 1/8 s (B) 8 s
(4) Consider two signals x1 (t)  e j20 t and
(C) 4 s (D) 1/4 s
x 2 (t)  e( 2 j) t . Which one of the following
statements is correct ? AA [IES - EC - 2008]
(A) Both x1(t) and x2(t) are periodic (11) Which one of the following functions is a
periodic one ?
(B) x1(t) is periodic but x2(t) is not periodic
(C) x2(t) is periodic but x1(t) is not periodic (A) sin(10t)  sin(20 t)
(D) Neither x1(t) nor x2(t)is periodic (B) sin(10t)  sin(20 t)
AA [IES - EC - 2001] (C) sin(10 t)  sin(20t)
(5) If x1(t) = 2 sin πt + cos 4πt and x2(t) = sin
5πt + 3 sin 13πt, then (D) sin(t)  sin(25t)
(A) x1 and x2 both are periodic AD [IES - EC - 2012]
(B) x1 and x2 both are not periodic (12) The period of the signal
(C) x1 is periodic, but x2 is not periodic x(t)  10sin(12 t)  4cos(18 t) is
(D) x1 is not periodic, but x2 is periodic  1
(A) (B)
AC [GATE - IN - 2009] 4 6
(6) The fundamental period of x(t) =
1 1
2 sin(2 πt )  3 sin(3πt ), with t expressed in (C) (D)
9 3
seconds, is
A [IES - EC - 1991]
(A) 1 (B) 0.67
(13) A periodic function of half - wave symmetry
(C) 2 (D) 3 is necessarily

Page 10 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
(A) an even function
(B) an odd function
(C) neither odd nor even
(D) both odd and even
AD [GATE – IN – 2008]
(14) The fundamental period of the discrete-time 2
 5 
j  n 1 2 
signal x  n   e  6 
is (A) 0 (B)  
2  10 
6 12 2 2
(A) (B) 1 4  1 4 
5 5 (C)   (D)  
2  10  2  5 
(C) 6 (D) 12
S4A8 [GATE – IN – 2016]
A6[GATE-IN-2015]
(20) The fundamental period N0 of the discrete-
(15) The fundamental period of the signal
time sinusoid x [ n ]  sin  3 01  n  is ____ .
 2t   4
x  t   2cos    cos  t  , in seconds, is

 3 
__________s. A1 [GATE – IN – 2017]
(21) A periodic signal x(t) shown in the figure.
AA[GATE-IN-2003] The fundamental frequency of the signal x(t) in
(16) Given X = (a, b, c, d) as the input, a linear Hz is _______.
time invariant system produces an output
y   x, x, x,.........,  repeated N  times  .
The impulse response of the system is
N 1
(A)    n  4
i 0

(B) u[n] – u[n – N]

AD [GATE – IN – 2018]
(C) u[n] – u[n – N – 1] (22) Two periodic signals x(t ) and y (t ) have the
N 1 same fundamental period of 3 seconds.
(D)  n  i
i 0
Consider the signal z (t )  x (t )  y (2t  1) .
The fundamental period of z (t ) in seconds is
A0[GATE-IN-2016]
(A) 1 (B) 1.5
(17) If X(s), the Laplace transform of signal x(t)
 s  2 (C) 2 (D) 3
is given by X  s   2
, then the
 s  1 s  3 A6 [GATE-IN-2019]
 5   
value of x(t) as t   is ___________ j n j n
 3  4
(23) A discrete-time signal x(n)  e e
S1AB [GATE – EC – 2016] is down-sampled to the signal xd(n) such that
(18) A continuous-time function x(t) is periodic xd(n) = x(4n). The fundamental period of the
with period T. The function is sampled down-sampled signal xd(n) is ______.
uniformly with a sampling period T s . In
which one of the following cases is the A11.99 to 12.01 [GATE-EC-2019]
sampled signal periodic? (24) Consider the signal
 2t   
(A) (B) T  1.2 Ts f (t )  1  2cos(t )  3sin    4cos  t   ,
 3  2 4
(C) Always (D) Never where t is in seconds. Its fundamental time
period, in seconds, is _______.
S4AA [GATE – IN – 2016]
(19) For the periodic signal x(t) shown below with
period T = 8 s, the power in the 10th **********
harmonic is

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
Convolution theorem AD [IES - EC - 1998]
(5) If f1(t) and f2(t) are duration-limited signals
AD [GATE – EC1 – 2015] such that
(1) The result of the convolution
f1(t)  0 for 1 < t < 3
x(t)* (t  t 0 ) is :
= 0 elsewhere
(A) x(t  t 0 ) (B) x(t  t 0 )
f2(t)  0 for 5 < t < 7
(C) x(t  t 0 ) (D) x( t  t 0 )
= 0 elsewhere,
AC [GATE – EE/EC/IN – 2013]
(2) Two systems with impulse responses Then the convolution of f1(t) and f2(t) is zero
everywhere except for
h 1  t  and h 2  t  are connected in cascade.
Then the overall impulse response of the (A) 1 < t < 7 (B) 3 < t < 5
cascaded system is given by
(C) 5 < t < 21 (D) 6 < t < 10
(A) Product of h 1  t  and h 2  t 
AA [GATE - EE - 1993]
(6) S(t) is step response and h(t) is impulse
(B) Sum of h 1  t  and h 2  t 
response of a system. Its response y(t) for
any input u(t) is given by
(C) Convolution of h 1  t  and h 2  t 
d t
s(t  τ )u( τ )dτ
dt 0
(D) Subtraction of h 2  t  from h 1  t  (A)

AD [GATE – EE – 2015] t
(3) The impulse response g(f) of a system, G, is (B)  s(t  τ )u(τ )dτ
0
as shown in figure (A). What is the
t τ
maximum value attained by the impulse s(t  τ1 )u (τ1 )dτ
response of two cascaded blocks of G as
(C) 
0 0
shown in figure (B).
d t
h(t  τ )u( τ )dτ
dt 0
(D)

AB [GATE - EE - 2002]
(7) Let s(t) be the step response f a linear system
with zero initial conditions. Then the
response of this system to an input u(t) is
(a) (b)
t

(A)
2
(B)
3 (A)  s(t  τ )u(τ )dτ
0
3 4
d  t
4 (B)  s(t  τ )u( τ )dτ 
(C) (D) 1 dt 
 0 
5
t
s ( t  τ )  t u ( τ )dτ  dτ
(4)
AC [GATE-EC/EE/IN-2013]
The impulse response of a system is
(C) 0  0 1 1 
h(t )  t u (t ). For an input u (t  1), the output 1
2
is (D)  s(t  τ ) u(τ )dτ
0

t2 AA [IES - EC - 2008]
(A) u (t ) (8) Which one of the following is the impulse
2
response of the system whose step response
t (t  1) is given as c(t) = 0.5 (1 – e–2t) u(t) ?
(B) u(t  1)
2 (A) e 2 t u(t)

(t  1)2 (B) 0.5(t)  e 2 t u(t)

(C) u(t  1)
2
(C) 0.5(t)  0.5e 2 t u(t)
t 2 1
(D) u(t  1) (D) 0.5e2t u(t)
2

Page 12 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
A3.9 to 4.1 [GATE – EC – 2014] (A) Change the initial condition to  y (0)
(9) The sequence x[n] = 0.5 n u  n  is the unit step and the forcing function to 2x(t )
sequence, is convolved with itself to obtain
 (B) Change the initial condition to 2 y (0)
y[n]. Then  y  n is _______.
n 
and the forcing function to  x(t )

AB [GATE – EC – 1998] (C) Change the initial condition to j 2 y (0)

(10) The unit impulse response of a linear time and the forcing function to j 2 x ( t )
invariant system is the unit step function u(z)
For t > 0, the response of the system to an (D) change the initial condition to 2 y (0)
excitation e  at u ( t ), a  0 will be and the forcing function to 2 x (t )

AA [GATE – EC – 1995]
(A) a e  at (15) Let h (t) be the impulse response of a linear
time invariant system. Then the response of
(B) (1 / a )(1  e  at ) the system for any input u (t) is
(C) a (1  e  at ) t
(A)  h (  ) u ( t   d 
 at 0
(D) 1  e
d t
h()u(t   d 
dt 0
A0.4 [GATE – EC3 – 2015] (B)
(11) Consider a continuous-time signal defined as
t
 sin(  t / 2)  *

 t h()u (t   d dt
x (t)    (t  10n) (C) 0  0 
 (  t / 2)  n 
t
where ‘*’ denotes the convolution operation (D)  h 2 (  )u ( t   d 
0
and t is in seconds. The Nyquist sampling
rate (in samples/sec) for x(t) is _____. AB [GATE – EC – 1990]
(16) The impulse response and the excitation
AC [GATE-EE1-2014]
function of a linear time invariant causal
(12) x(t) is nonzero only for T x < t < T 'X , and
system are shown in Fig. a and b
similarly , y (t) is nonzero only for T Y < t <
respectively. The output of the system at t =
T 'y. Let z (t) be convolution on x (t) and y
2 sec. is equal to
(t). Which one of the following statements is
TRUE?
(A) Z (t) can be non-zero over an unbounded
interval.
(B) Z (t) is nonzero for t < TX + Ty.
(C) Z (t) is zero outside of TX + TY < t < T'X
+ T'Y.
Fig. (a)
(D) Z (t) is nonzero for t >T'X + T'Y.
AA [IES-EC-2013]
(13) The convolution x (n) * δ(n - n0) is equal to
(A) x(n - n0) (B) x(n + n0)
(C) x(n0) (D) x(n)
AD [GATE-EC/EE/IN-2013] Fig. (b)
(14) A system described by a linear, constant
coefficient, ordinary, first order differential (A) 0 (B) 1/2
equation has an exact solution given by y (t ) (C) 3/2 (D) 1
for t  0, when the forcing function is x (t )
and the initial condition is y (0). If one AA [GATE – EC – 2004]
(17) A rectangular pulse train s (t) as shown in
wishes to modify the system so that the Fig. 1 is convolved with the signal
solution becomes 2 y (t ) for t  0, we need
cos 2 (4π 103 t ). The convolved signal will
to
be a

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM

(C)

(A) DC
(B) 12 kHz sinusoid
(C) 8 Hz sinusoid (D)
(D) 14 kHz sinusoid
AA [GATE - EE - 2011]
(18) Given two continuous time signals x(t) = e t AB [IES - EC - 2001]
and y ( t )  e  2 t which exist for t  0, the (20) The impulse response of a system consists of
convolution z(t) = x (t ) * y (t ) is : two delta functions as shown in the given
Fig.
(A) e  t  e 2 t (B) e3t
(C) e t (D) e  t  e 2 t

AD [GATE-IN-2007]
(19) The signal x(t) and h(t) shown in the figures
are convolved to yield y(t).

The input to the system is a unit amplitude

square pulse of on unit time duration. Which
one of the following diagrams depicts the
correct output?
(A)

Which one of the following figures

represents the output y(t)?

(B)
(A)

(B)

Page 14 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
(C) 1 2 t
t e u (t )
(A) 2 e u ( t ) (B) 2
2 t
(C) e u ( t ) (D) e  t u (t )

AC [GATE - EE - 1998]
(25) The output of a linear time invariant control
system is c(t) for a certain input r(t). If r(t) is
modified by passing it through a block whose
transfer function is e  s and then applied to
the system, the modified output of the system
(D) would be
r (t ) r (t )
(A) (B)
1  et 1  e t
(C) r ( t  1) u ( t  1) (D) r ( t ) u ( t  1)

AD [GATE - EE - 2009]
(26) A Linear Time Invariant system with an
impulse response h(t) produces output y(t)
when input x(t) is applied. When the input
x ( t  τ ) is a applied to a system with
response h ( t  τ ), the output will be
AB [GATE – EC – 2001]
(21) The transfer function of a system is given by (A) y(t) (B) y(2(t - τ ))
1 (C) y (t  τ ) (D) y ( t  2 τ )
H ( s)  2
. The impulse response of
s ( s  2)
the system is AA [GATE - IN - 2006]
(27) Given x (t ) * x (t )  t exp( 2t )u (t )
(A) ( t 2 * e  2 t )U ( t )
(B) (t * e 2 t )U ( t ) the function x(t) is

(C) ( t e 2 t )U ( t ) (A) exp(  2 t )u ( t )

(D) (t e 2 t ) U (t ) (B) exp(  t ) u ( t )
(* denotes convolution, and U (t) is unit step
function) (C) t exp(  t )u (t )

AC [GATE – EC – 2006] (D) 0.5 t exp(  t ) u ( t )

(22) Let g(t) = p (t) * p(t), where * denotes
convolution and p(t) = u(t) – u(t – 1) with
u(t) being the unit step function
The impulse response of filter matched to the
signal s(t) = g(t) - (t  2)* g (t ) is given as
(A) s (1  t ) (B) s(1  t )
(C) s (t ) (D) s(t)
d (B) 50 e  10 t  ( t )
A h (t )  f (t ) [GATE - EE - 1994]
dt
(23) If f(t) is the step-response of a linear time-
invariant system, then its impulse response is
given by .........................
AD [GATE - IN - 2008]
(28) The step response of a linear time invariant
system is y(t) = 5e 10 t u (t ), where u(t) is the
unit step function. If the output of the system
corresponding to an impulse input  (t ) is
h(t), then h(t) is
(A) 50e 10 t u (t )
(C) 5u (t )  50e 10 t u (t )
(D) 5 (t )  50 e 10 t u (t )

AC [GATE - EE - 1995] AB [IES - EC - 1999]

(24) The impulse response of an initially relaxed (29) Fig.1 and Fig.2 show respectively the input
linear system is e  2 t u (t ). To produce a x(t) to a linear time - invariant system and
the impulse response h(t) of the system.
response of t e 2 t u (t ), the input must be
equal to
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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
S4AA [GATE – EC – 2016]
sin(t ) sin(t )
(34) If the signal x(t )  * with*
t t
denoting the convolution operation, then x(t)
is equal to
sin(t ) sin(2t )
(A) (B)
t 2t
Fig. 1
2
2sin(t )  sin(t ) 
(C) (D)  
t  t 
A31.00 [GATE–S1–EC–2017]
(35) Two discrete-time signals x[n] and h[n] are
both non-zero only for n = 0, 1, 2 and are
zero otherwise. It is given that
x 0   1, x 1  2, x  2   1, h  0   1
Fig. 2
Let y[n] be the linear convolution of x[n] and
The output of the system is zero everywhere h[n]. Given that y[1] = 3 and y[2] = 4, the
except for the time - interval
value of the expression 10y 3  y  4 is
(A) 0 < t < 4 (B) 0 < t < 6
_____ .
(C) 1 < t < 5 (D) 1 < t < 6
AA [GATE–S1–EE–2017]
AC [IES - EC - 2008]
(30) The convolution of f(t) with itself is given it (36) Let z  t  q  x  t  * y  t  , where “*” denotes
t convolution. Let c be a positive real-valued
be  f (  )d  . Then what is f(t) ? constant. Choose the correct expression for
0
z(ct).
(A) The unit ramp function
(A) c.x  ct  * y  ct  (B) x  ct  * y  ct 
(B) Equal to 1
(C) The unit step function (C) c.x  t  * y  ct  (D) c.x  ct  * y  t 
(D) The unit impulse function AD [GATE–S2–EE–2017]
(37) A cascade system having the impulse
 1 1 
A   e 2t  et  u (t ) [GATE - EE - 1995] responses h1 ( n )  {1,  1} and h2 ( n )  {1, 1} is
 
 3 3 
(31) The convolution of the functions shown in the figure below, where symbol 
2t
and t denotes the time origin,
f1 ( t )  e u ( t ) f 2 (t )  e u (t ) is equal
to......................
AC [GATE - EE - 2007]
(32) If u(t), r(t) denote the unit step and unit ramp The input sequence x(n) for which the
functions respectively and u(t) * r(t) their cascade system produces an output sequence
convolution, then the function u(t + 1) * r(t – y ( n )  {1, 2,1,  1,  2,  1} is


2) is given by
(A) x ( n )  {1, 2,1,1}
(A) (1/2) (t – 1)(t – 2) 

(B) (1/2) (t – 1)(t – 2) (B) x ( n )  {1,1, 2, 2}


(C) (1/2) (t – 1)2u(t – 1)
(D) none of the above (C) x ( n )  {1,1,1,1}


AC [IES - EC - 2003] (D) x ( n )  {1, 2, 2,1}


(33) Two rectangular waveforms of duration T1
and T2 seconds are convolved. What is the
shape of the resulting waveform ?
**********
(A) Triangular (B) Rectangular
(C) Trapezoidal (D) Semi-circular

Page 16 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
Delta Functions (A) 5 t (B) 5 u(t) – C

AA [GATE – EC – 2001]
5 5u (t )
(C) t (D)
(1) Let (t) denote the delta function. The value C C

 3t  AB [IES - EC - 2011]
of the integral    t  cos  2  dt

is : (8) Which one of the following relations is not
correct ?
(A) 1 (B) 1
(A) f (t)(t)  f (0)(t)
(C) 0 (D)  / 2


AC [IES-EC-2013] (B)  f (t)()d  1

 
 
(2) The value of  sin t  t   dt is 
 4 (C)

 ( ) d()  1

1
(A) 2 (B)
3 (D) f (t) (t  )  f ( ) (t  )
1 AB [GATE - IN - 2010]
(C) (D) 3 
2
AB [GATE - IN - 2011]
(9) The integral  (t  π / 6)6sin(t )dt

1  2 evaluates to
(3) The integral  t 2 e  t / 2 (1  2t )dt is
 (A) 6 (B) 3
2π
equal to (C) 1.5 (D) 0
1 1 AC [GATE – EC – 2002]
(A) e 1/8 (B) e 1/8
8 2π 4 2π (10) Convolution of x (t  5) with impulse
function  (t  7) i equal to
1 1/ 2
(C) e (D) 1
2π (A) x(t  12) (B) x(t  12)

AB [IES - EC - 2001] (C) x(t  2) (D) x(t  2)



(4) If y (t )   y ( ) x(t   )d   (t )  x( t ) then AD [GATE – EC – 2006]

0 (11) The Dirac delta function (t) is defined as
y(t) is
1 t 0
(A) u(t) (B) δ(t) (A)   t   
0 otherwise
(C) r(t) (D) 1
 t0
AA [IES-EC-2013] (B)   t   
(5) The values of the integral  0 otherwise

2 1 t0
(C)   t       t  dt  1
  5t  1  ( t ) dt is and
2
I=
1 0 otherwise 


(A) 0 (B) 1  t0
(D)   t    and    t  dt  1
(C) 42/3 (D) 125/3  0 otherwise 

A e2 [GATE - EE - 1994] AA [GATE - IN - 2009]

6 (12) The response of a first order measurement
(6) The value of the integral  e 2 t  (t  1) dt is
5 system to a unit step input is 1  e0.5 t , where
equal to -------------------- t is in seconds. A ramp of 0.1 units per
second is given as the input to this system.
AD [GATE - EE - 2002]
The error in the measured value after
(7) A current impulse, 5 (t ), is forced through
transients have died down is
a capacitor C. The voltage, vc (t ), across the
(A) 0.02 units (B) 0.1 units
capacitor is given by
(C) 0.2 units (D) 1 unit

www.targate.org Page 17
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AC [IES - EC - 2001] Energy, Power & RMS
(13) The impulse response of a system is h(t) = δ(t
- 0.5). A2 [GATE – EC1 – 2015]
(1) The waveform of a periodic signal x(t) is
If two such systems are cascaded, the
shown in the figure.
impulse response of the overall system will
be :
(A) 0.5 δ(t - 0.25) (B) δ(t - 0.25)
(C) δ(t - 1) (D) 0.5 δ(t - 1)
S6AA [GATE – EE – 2016]

(14) The value of  e  t  (2t  2) dt , where (t ) is

the Driac delta function, is
 t 1
1 2 A signal g(t) is defined by g(t) = x  .
(A) (B)  2 
2e e The average power of g(t) is _____.
1 1 AA [GATE – EC – 2005]
(C) (D)
e2 2e 2 (2) The power in the signal
AA [GATE – IN – 2018]  
s  t   8cos  20t    4sin 15t  is
1, | t |  2  2
(15) Consider signal x(t )   . Let  (t )
0 | t |  2 (A) 40 (B) 41
denote the unit impulse (Dirac-delta)
(C) 42 (D) 82
function. The value of the integral
5
2 x(t  3)(t  4) dt is AB [IES - EC - 2001]
0
(3) The signal x(t) = A cos ( t   ) is
(A) 2 (B) 1
(A) an energy signal
(C) 0 (D) 3
(B) a power signal
(C) an energy as well as a power signal
**********
(D) neither an energy nor a power signal
AC [GATE - IN - 2009]
(4) The root mean squared value of x(t) =
3  2 sin(t ) cos(2t ) is

(A) 3 (B) 8

(C) 10 (D) 11
AD [IES - EC - 2008]
(5) What is the average power of periodic non-
sinusoidal voltages and currents ?

(A) The average power of the fundamental

component alone

(B) The sum of the average powers of the

harmonics excluding the fundamental

(C) The sum of the average powers of the

sinusoidal components including the
fundamental

(D) The sum of the root mean square power

of the sinusoidal components including
the fundamental

Page 18 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
AD [GATE - EE - 2002]
(6) What is the rms value of the voltage
waveform shown in Fig.?

(A) 220 J (B) 12 kJ

(C) 13.2 kJ (D) 14.4 kJ

(A) 200/ π V (B) 100/ π V AB [GATE – EC – 2001]

(11) If a signal f (t) has energy E, the energy of
(C) 200 V (D) 100 V the signal f (2t) is equal to
AA [GATE – EC – 1995] (A) E (B) E/2
(7) The RMS value of rectangular wave of (C) 2E (D) 4E
period T, having a value of +V for a
duration. T1 (  T ) and –V for the duration. AB [GATE – EC – 2010]
(12) Consider an angle modulated signal
T  T1  T2 , equals
T T x(t )  6 cos[2   10 6 t  2sin(8000t ) +4
(A) V (B) 1 2 V cos (8000t )] V. The average power of x(t)
T
is :
V T
(C) (D) 1 V
2 T2 (A) 10 W (B) 18 W

AC [IES-EC-2014] (C) 20 W (D) 28 W

(8) The current waveform i(t) in a pure resistor AD [IES - EC - 2007]
of 20 is shown in the figure (13) Which one of the following is the
mathematical representation for the average
power of signal x(t)?
T
1
(A) x(t)dt
T 0

The power dissipated in the resistor is 1T 2

(B) x (t)dt
(A) 135 W (B) 270 W T 0
(C) 540 W (D) 14.58 W 1 T/2
(C) x(t)dt
AC [IES - EC - 2007] T  T/ 2
(9) Which one of the following is correct ?
1 T/2 2
(D) Lt x (t)dt
T T 
Energy of a power signal is
T/2
(A) Finite
A0.408 [GATE – EC1 – 2014]
(B) zero
(14) A periodic variable X is shown in the figure
(C) Infinite as a function of time the root mean square
(rms) value of X is --------.
(D) between 1 and 2
AC [GATE – EC – 2009]
(10) A fully charged mobile phone with a 12 V
battery is good for a 10 minute talk-time.
Assume that, during the talk-time, the battery
delivers a constant current of 2 A and its
voltage drops linearly from 12 V to 10 V as
shown in the Fig. 1. How much energy does
the battery deliver during this talk-time?
www.targate.org Page 19
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AC [GATE - IN - 2008] (A) 14.1 A (B) 17.3 A
(15) If a current of
(C) 22.4 A (D) 30.0 A
  π 
 6 2 sin(100πt )  6 2 cos  300πt  4   6 2  AA [GATE - EE - 2005]
   
A is passed through a true RMS ammeter, the (20) For the triangular waveform shown in the
meter reading will be : figure, the RMS value of the voltage is equal
to
(A) 6 2 A (B) 126 A
(C) 12 A (D) 216 A
AB [GATE - EE - 1995]
(16) The rms value of the periodic waveform e(t),
shown in figure is :
1 1
(A) V (B) V
6 3

1 2
(C) V (D) V
3 3
AD [IES - EC - 1995]
(21) In the given Fig., the effective value of the
waveform is

3 2
(A) A (B) A
2 3

1
(C) (D) 2 A
3 (A) 0.5 (B) 2.5
AA [GATE - EE - 2005] (C) 2.5 (D) 50
(17) The RMS value of the voltage v(t) = 3 + 4
cos(3t ) is AA [GATE – IN – 2003]
sin c n
(A) 17 V (B) 5 V (22) Given x  n  , the energy of the
n

2
(C) 7 V (D) (3  2 2 ) V signal given by  x  n
n 
AA [GATE - EE - 2004]
(18) The rms value of the periodic waveform c
(A) (B)  c
given in Fig. is : 
(C) infinite (D) 2  c

S3A0.24-0.26 [GATE – EC – 2016]

sin(4t )
(23) The energy of the signal x (t )  is
4t
_______
A7.95-8.05 [GATE–S2–EC–2017]
(24) Consider an LTI system with magnitude
response
(A) 2 6 A (B) 6 2 A
 |f|
(C) 4/3 A (D) 1.5 A 1  , | f | 20
| H ( f ) |  20
AB [GATE - EE - 2004]
 0, | f | 20
(19) The rms value of the resultant current in a
and phase response
wire which carries a dc current of 10 A and a
sinusoidal alternative current of peak value If the input to the system is
20 A is
Page 20 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)
 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
    Miscellaneous
x(t )  8cos  20t    16sin  40t  
 4  8
AB [GATE – EC3 – 2015]
  (1) The impulse response of an LTI system can
24cos  80   be obtained by
 16 
then the average power of the output signal (A) differentiating the unit ramp response
y(t) is _____ . (B) differentiating the unit step response
A7.0 [GATE–S2–EC–2017]
(C) integrating the unit ramp response
(25) Consider the parallel combination of two LTI
systems shown in the figure, (D) integrating the unit step response
AC [IES-EC-2013]
(2) If a continuous time signals x (t) can take on
any value in the continuous interval (-∞,∞) it
is called
(A) Deterministic Signal
The impulse responses of the systems are
(B) Random Signal
h1 (t )  2  (t  2)  3 (t  1)
(C) Analog Signal
h2 (t )  (t  2)
(D) Digital signal
If the input x(t) is a unit step signal, then the
energy of y(t) is ______ . AD [IES-EC-2013]
(3) The ramp function can be obtained
A6 [GATE–S2–EE–2017] from the unit impulse at t = 0 by
(26) The mean square value of the given periodic
waveform f(t) is _______ . (A) Differentiating unit impulse function
once
(B) Differentiating unit impulse function
twice
(C) Integrating unit impulse function once

(D) Integrating unit impulse function twice

A0.155 [GATE – EC3 – 2015]
(4) Consider the function g(t)  e t sin(2t)u(t)
AD [GATE – EE – 2018] where u(t) is the unit step function. The area
(27) The signal energy of the continuous-time under g(t) is _____.
signal
A0.19to0.21 [GATE – EC2 – 2014]
x(t) =[(t -1) u(t -1)]-[(t -2)u(t -2)]-[(t -3)u(t - 
3)]+[(t -4)u(t -4)] is (5) The value of the integral  sin c 2  5t  dt is

(A) 11/3 (B) 7/3 ------------
(C) 1/3 (D) 5/3 AA [GATE – EC – 1990]
(6) The response of an initially relaxed linear
constant parameter network to a unit impulse
********** applied at t = 0 is 4 e 2 t u ( t ). The response of
this network to a unit step function will be:

(A) 2[1  e 2 t ]u (t )

(B) 4[e t  e2 t ]u (t )

(C) sin 2t

(D) (1  4 e 4 t ) u ( t )

www.targate.org Page 21
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AB [GATE – EC – 1991] AA [GATE – EC – 2000]
(7) The voltage across an impedance in a (11) A linear time invariant system has an
network is V(s) = Z(s) I(s), where V(s), Z(s) impulse response e 2 t , t  0. If the initial
and I(s) are the Laplace Transforms of the
conditions are zero and the input is e3t , the
corresponding time functions v(t), z(t) and
i(t). The voltage v (t) is : output for t > 0 is
(A) v(t )  z (t ).i(t ) 3t
(A) e  e
2t
(B) e
5t

t
3t 2t
(B) v (t )   i ( τ ) z (t  τ ) dτ (C) e  e (D) None
0

t
AC [GATE - EE - 2011]
(C) v (t )   i ( τ ) z ( t  τ ) dτ (12) The response h(t) of a linear time invariant
0
system to an impulse  ( t ), under initially
(D) v(t )  z (t )  i(t )
relaxed condition is h(t)  e  t  e 2 t . The
AA [GATE – EC – 2004] response of this system for a unit step input
(8) A system described by the differential u(t) is :
equation: (A) u (t )  e  t  e 2 t

d2y dy (B) ( e  t  e 2 t )u (t )
2
 3  2 y  x (t ) (C) (1.5  e  t  0.5 e 2 t )u (t )
dt dt
is initially at rest. For input x (t) = 2u (t), the (D) e  t  ( t )  e 2 t u (t )
output y (t) is
AB [IES - EC - 2011]
(A) (1  2e  t  e 2 t )u (t )
(13) Given the differential equation model of a
(B) (1  2 e  t  2e 2 t )u (t ) physical system, determine the time constant
(C) (0.5  e  t  1.5 e 2 t ) u ( t ) dx
of the system : 40  2x  f (t)
dt
(D) (0.5  2 e  t  2 e 2 t )u (t )
(A) 10 (B) 20
AD [GATE – EC – 2008]
(C) 1/10 (D) 4
(9) The impulse response h (t) of a linear time-
invariant continuous time system is describe AD [IES - EC - 2004]
by h (t) = exp ( t )u(t ) + exp(  t )u ( t ) , (14) The impulse response of a linear time-
where u (t) denotes the unit step function, invariant system is a rectangular pulse of
and  and  are real constants. This duration T. It is excited by an input of a pulse
of duration T. What is the filter output
system is stable if
waveform ?
(A)  is positive and  is positive (A) Rectangular pulse of duration T
(B)  is negative and  is negative (B) Rectangular pulse of duration 2T
(C)  is positive and  is negative (C) Triangular pulse of duration T
(D)  is negative and  is positive (D) Triangular pulse of duration 2T
AC [GATE – EC – 2008]
AB [GATE – EC – 2010]
(15) A linear, time – invariant, causal continuous
(10) A continuous time LTI system is described
time system has a rational transfer function
by
with simple poles at s = 2 and s = 4, and
d 2 y (t ) dy (t ) dx (t )
2
4  3 y (t )  2  4 x (t ) one simple zero at s = 1. A unit step u(t) is
dt dt dt applied at the input of the system. At steady
Assuming zero initial conditions, the state, the output has constant value of 1. The
response y(t) of the above system for the impulse response of this system is
input x(t) = e  2 t u ( t ) is given by
(A) [exp(2t )  exp(4t )]u (t )
(A) (e t  e 3t )u (t )
(B) [4exp(2t )  12exp(4t )  exp(t )]
t 3 t
(B) ( e  e )u (t ) u (t )
t  3t
(C) ( e  e )u (t ) (C) [4exp(2t )  12exp(4t )]u(t )
t 3t
(D) (e  e )u (t ) (D) [0.5exp(2t )  1.5exp(4t )]u (t )

Page 22 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
AD [GATE – EC – 2011]
(16) An input x(t) = exp(2t )u(t )  (t  6) is
applied to an LTI system with impulse
response h(t) = u(t). The output is :
(A) [1  exp(2t )]u(t )  u(t  6)
(B) [1  exp(2t )]u(t )  u(t  6)
(C) 0.5[1  exp(2t )]u(t )  u(t  6)
AB [GATE - EE - 1996]
(20) The unit impulse response of a system is
given as c(t) =  4 e  t  6 e 2 t . The step
response of the same system for t  0 is
equal to
(A)  3e 2 t  4 e  t  1
(B)  3e 2 t  4 e  t  1
(C)  3e 2 t  4 e  t  1

(D) 0.5[1  exp(2t )]u(t )  u(t  6) (D) 3e 2 t  4 e  t  1

AC [GATE - EE - 2003] AB [GATE - EE - 2003]

(17) A control system is defined by the following (21) A control system with certain excitation is
mathematical relationship governed by the following mathematical
equation
d 2x dx
6  5 x  12(1  e 2 t ) d 2 x 1 dx 1
dt 2
dt   x  10  5e 4 t  2e 5t
dt 2 2 dt 18
The response of the system as t  is :
The natural time constants of the response of
(A) x = 6 (B) x = 2 the system are
(C) x = 2.4 (D) x = -2 (A) 2s and 5s

AD [GATE - EE - 2007] (B) 3s and 6s

(18) Let a signal a1 sin( 1t  1 ) be applied to a (C) 4s and 5s
stable linear time-invariant system. Let the (D) 1/3s and 1/6s
corresponding steady state output be
represented as a2 F (  2 t  2 ). Then which AD [GATE - EE - 2004]
of the following statements is true? (22) The unit impulse response of a second order-
damped system starting from rest is given by
(A) F is not necessarily a “sine” or “cosine”
function but must be periodic with c (t )  12.5e 6t sin 8t , t  0
1   2 . The steady-state value of the unit step
(B) F must be a “sine” or “cosine” function response of the system is equal to
with a1  a2 (A) 0 (B) 0.25

(C) F must be a “sine” function with (C) 0.5 (D) 1.0

1   2 and 1  2
(23) A signal x(t) = sin c ( αt ) where α is a real
(D) F must be a “sine” or “cosine” function
with 1   2
AC [GATE - EE - 2008]
 αt
(19) A signal e sin(  t ) is the input to a real
Linear Time Invariant system. Given K and
 are constants, the output of the system
will be of the form Ke  βt sin(υt  ) where
(A) β need not be equal to α but υ equal
to 
(B) υ need not be equal to  but β equal
to α
(C) β equal to α and υ equal to 
(D) β need not be equal to α and υ need
not be equal to 
AA [GATE - EE - 2008]
 sin(πx ) 
constant  sin c ( x )   is the input to
 πx 
a Linear Time invariant system whose
impulse response h(t) = sin c ( βt ) where β
is a real constant. If min(α, β) denotes the
minimum of α and β , and similarly max
(α , β ) denotes the maximum of α and β ,
and K is a constant, which one of the
following statements is true about the output
of the system?
(A) It will be of the form K sin c (γ t ) where
γ  min( α , β )
(B) It will be of the form K sin c (γ t ) where
γ  max( α , β )

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(C) It will be of the form K sinc ( αt ) D. f(t) (g(t) - g(0)) = 0;
(D) It cannot be a sinc type of signal For any arbitrary g(t)
AD [GATE - EE - 2008] List - II
(24) A function y(t) satisfies the following 1. Decaying exponential
differential equation :
2. Growing exponential
dy (t )
 y (t )  (t ) 3. Impulse
dt
4. Causal
Where (t ) is the delta function. Assuming
zero initial condition, and denoting the unit 5. Sinusoid
step function by u(t), y(t) can be of the form Codes:
t t
(A) e (B) e A B C D
2 t t
(C) e u (t ) (D) e u (t ) (A) 4 1 5 3
AD [GATE - IN - 2009] (B) 1 4 5 3
(25) A linear time – invariant causal system has a (C) 4 2 5 1
frequency response given in polar form as
1 (D) 2 5 4 1
  tan 1 . For input x(t) = sin (t),
2
1  AC [IES - EC - 2001]
the output is (28) If a function f(t) u(t) is shifted to right side
by t0 , then the function can be expressed as
1
(A) cos(t )
2 (A) f (t  t0 )u(t )

1  π (B) f (t )u(t  t0 )
(B) cos  t  
2  4 (C) f (t  t0 )u(t  t0 )
1
(C) sin(t ) (D) f (t  t0 )u(t  t0 )
2
1  π AC [IES - EC - 2007]
(D) sin  t   (29) The response of a linear, time-invariant
2  4 system to a unit step is s(t) = (1 – e-t/RC) u(t),
AB [IES - EC - 1997] where u(t) is the unit step. What is the
(26) The unit step response of a system is given impulse response of this system ?
by (1  e   t )u(t ) .The impulse response is (A) e t /RC (B) e  t / RC u(t)
given by
(C) 1/ RC{e t / RC u(t)} (D)  (t)
t  t
(A) e u (t ) (B)  e u (t )
AD [IES - EC - 2009]
1 t (30) A signal x1(t) and x2(t) constitute the real and
(C) e u(t ) (D)  e  t u(t )
 imaginary parts respectively of a complex
valued signal x(t). Also x1(t) is symmetric (or
AA [IES - EC - 1999] even) and x2(t) is anti symmetric (or odd).
(27) Match the List - I (Functions of f(t)) with What form of waveform does x(t) possess?
List - II (Characteristic of f(t)) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below (A) Real symmetric
the lists: (B) Complex symmetric
List - I (C) Asymmetric
A. f(t) (1 - u(t)) = 0 (D) Conjugate symmetric
B. f(t) + Kdf(t)/dt = 0;
AB [IES - EC - 2010]
k is positive constant (31) If the response of LTI continuous time
1 1 
d 2 f (t ) system to unit step input is   e 2t  ,
C. f(t) + K  0; 2 2 
dt 2
then impulse response of the system is
K is positive constant

Page 24 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.1 - Continuous Time Signal & System.
1 1 
(A)   e 2t  (B) (e2t )
 2 2 


(C) 1  e
2t
 (D) Constant

AA [IES - EC - 2012]
(32) A linear time-invariant system has an
impulse response of e 2 t , t  0 . If the initial
conditions are zero and the input is e3t , the
output for t > 0 is
(A) e3t  e 2t (B) e5t
(C) e3t  e2 t (D) e t
AB [IES - EC - 1995]
(33) Double integration of a unit step function
would lead to
(A) an impulse (B) a parabola
(C) a ramp (D) a doublet
AB [IES - EC - 2007]
(34) The relation between input x(t) and output
y(t) of a continuous time system is given by
dy(t)
 3y(t)  x(t)
dt
What is the forced response of the system
when x(t) = k (a constant) ?
(A) k (B) k/3
(C) 3k (D) 0

-------0000-------

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 02
Discrete Time
Signal & System
System’s Classification (C) is unstable
(D) stability cannot be assessed from the
AA [IES-EC-2014] given information
(1) A discrete-time system has input x[] and
output y[] satisfying AA [IES - EC - 2008]
n

y[ m ]   m
j   x[ j ]
(5) A system defined by y[n]   x[k]
k 
is an

The system is : example of

(A) Invertible system
(A) linear and unstable (B) Memory less system
(B) linear and stable (C) non-invertible system
(C) non-linear and stable (D) Averaging system
(D) non-linear and unstable
AA [GATE – EC – 2003]
AA [GATE – EC – 2004] (6) Let P be linearity, Q be time-invariance, R be
(2) The impulse response h[n] of a linear time- causality and S be stability. A discrete time
invariant system is given by system has the input-output relationship,
h[n]  u[n  3]  u[n  2]  2u[n  7]  x( n), n  1

y(n) = 0, n0
Where u[n] is the unit step sequence. The
above system is
 x( n  1) n  1

(A) stable but not causal where x (n) is the input and y (n) is the
(B) stable and causal output. The above system has the properties
(C) causal but unstable (A) P, S but not Q, R
(D) unstable and not (B) P, Q, S but not R
AB [GATE – EC – 2011] (C) P, Q, R, S
(3) A system is defined by its impulse response h (D) Q, R, S but not P
(n) = 2 n u ( n  2). The system is
AA [IES - EC - 2012]
(A) stable and causal (7) The following equation describes a linear
time-varying discrete time system
(B) causal but not stable
(A) y (k  2)  ky (k  1)  y ( k )  u (k )
(C) stable but not causal (B) y ( k  2)  ky 2 ( k  1)  y (k )  u ( k )
(D) unstable and non causal (C) y (k  2)  3 y ( k  1)  2 y (k )  u (k )
AA [GATE – EC – 1992] (D) y  k  2   y 2  k  1  ky  k   u  k 
(4) A linear discrete – time system has the
3 AA [GATE - EE - 2007]
characteristic equation, z  0.81 z = 0. The (8) Consider the discrete-time system shown in
system the figure where the impulse response of
(A) is stable G(z) is g (0)  0, g (1)  g (2)  1,

(B) is marginally stable g (3)  g (4)  ... =0

www.targate.org Page 26
 Topic.2 – Discrete Time Signal & System
AD [IES - EC - 2004]
(12) Match List-I (Equation Connecting Input
x(n) and Output y(n) with List-II (System
Category) and select the correct answer using
the codes given below :
This system is stable for range of values of K List-I
(A) [-1, 1/2] (B) [-1, 1] A. y(n+2)+y(n+1)+y(n)=2x(n+1)+x(n)
(C) [-1/2, 1] (D) [-1/2, 2] B. n2y2(n)+y(n) = x2(n)
AD [IES - EC - 2005] C. y(n+1) + ny(n) = 4nx(n)
(9) Assertion (A) : The discrete time system D. y(n+1) y(n) = 4x(n)
described by y[n] = 2 x[n] + 4 x[n – 1] is
List-II
unstable, (here y[n] = 2x[n] + 4 x[n – 1] is
unstable, (here y[n] is the output and x[n] the 1. Linear, time-variable, dynamic
input) 2. Linear, time-invariant, dynamic
Reason (R) : It has an impulse response with 3. Non-linear, time-variable, dynamic
a finite number of non-zero samples.
4. Non-linear, time-invariant, dynamic
Codes : 5. Non-linear, time-variable, memory less
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the Codes :
correct explanation of A
A B C D
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not a (A) 3 5 2 1
correct explanation of A
(B) 3 2 5 4
(C) A is true but R is false
(C) 2 3 5 1
(D) A is false but R is true (D) 2 5 1 4
AB [GATE – EC – 2002] AB [IES - EC - 2002]
(10) If the impulse response of a discrete-time (13) Match List - I (input-output relation) with
system is h[n] =  5 n u[  n  1], then the List-II (property of the system) and select the
system function H(z) is equal to correct answer using the codes given below
the lists :
z
(A) and the system is stable List - I
z 5
A. y(n)  x(n)
z
(B) and the system is stable
z 5 B. y(n)  x(n 2 )

z C. y(n)  x 2 (  n)
(C) and the system is unstable
z 5 D. y(n  x 2 (n)
z List - II
(D) and the system is unstable
z 5
1. Non linear, non-causal
AC [IES - EC - 2007] 2. Linear, non-causal
(11) The outputs of two system S1 and S2 for the
3. Linear, causal
same input x[n]  e jn are 1 and (1)n ,
respectively. Which one of the following 4. Non linear, causal
statements is correct ? Codes :
(A) Both S1 and S2 are linear time invariant A B C D
(LTI) systems (A) 1 4 3 2
(B) S1 is LTI but S2 is not LTI (B) 3 2 1 4
(C) S1 is not LTI but S2 is LTI (C) 1 2 3 4
(D) Neither S1 nor S2 is LTI (D) 3 4 1 2

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AD [GATE - EE - 2006] (C) Stable, non-causal and has memory
(14) y[n] denotes the output and x[n] denotes the
(D) Unstable, non-causal and memory
input of a discrete-time system given by the
difference equation y[ n ]  0.8 y[ n  1] = AA [IES - EC - 1999]
x[ n ] + 1.25 x[ n  1]. Its right-sided impulse (18) Assertion (A) : An LTI discrete system
response is represented by the difference equation
Y(n + 2) - 5y(n + 1) + 6y(n) = x(n) is
(A) Causal unstable.
(B) Unbounded Reason (R) : A system is unstable if the
(C) periodic roots of the characteristic equation lie outside
the unit circle.
(D) Non-negative Codes:
AB [IES - EC - 2012] (A) Both A and R are true and R is the
(15) The discrete time system described by correct explanation of A
y(n)  x 2 (n) is : (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A
(A) causal and linear (C) A is true but R is false
(B) causal and non-linear (D) A is false but R is true
(C) non-causal and linear AD [IES - EC - 2006]
(D) non-causal and non-linear (19) The impulse response of a system h(n) = an
u(n). What is the condition for the system to
AC [GATE – EC – 2010] be BIBO stable ?
(16) The transfer function of a discrete time LTI
(A) a is real and positive
system is given by
(B) a is real and negative
3 1
2 z (C) | a | > 1
H (z) = 4
3 1 (D) | a | < 1
1  z 1  z 2
4 8 AC [GATE – EC – 2004]
Consider the following statements: (20) A causal LTI system is described by the
difference equation
S1 : The system is stable and causal for
ROC: |z| > 1/2 2 y[n]   y[n  2]  2 x[n]   x[n  1]
The system is stable only if
S2 : The system is stable but not causal for
ROC: |z| < ¼ (A) |  | 2,|  | 2

S3 : The system is neither stable nor causal (B) |  | 2,|  | 2

for ROC: ¼ < |z| < ½
Which one of the following statements is
valid?
(A) Both S1 and S2 are true
(B) Both S2 and S3 are true
(C) Both S1 and S3 are true
(D) S1 , S2 and S3 are all true
AC [IES - EC - 2004]
(17) A discrete time system has impulse
Response, h(n)  a n u(n  2) , | a | 1 . Which
one of the following statements is correct?
The system is :
(A) Stable, causal and memory less
(B) Unstable, causal and has memory
(C) |  | 2, any value of 
(D) |  | 2, any value of 
AC [GATE – EC – 2006]
(21) A system with input x[n] and output y[n] is
 5 
given as y[n] =  sin n   ( n).
 6 
The system is :
(A) linear, stable and invertible
(B) non-linear, stable and non-invertible
(C) linear, stable and non-invertible
(D) linear, unstable and invertible
AD [GATE - IN - 2008]
(22) Which one of the following discrete – time
systems is time invariant?

Page 28 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.2 – Discrete Time Signal & System
(A) y[ n ]  nx[ n ] (B) y[ n ]  x[3 n ] Miscellaneous
(C) y[ n ]  x[  n ] (D) y[ n ]  x[ n  3] AB [GATE-EE1-2014]
1
AD [IES - EC - 2003] (1) Let X ( z )  be the Z-transform of a
(23) A discrete LTI system is non-casual if its 1  z 3
impulse response is : causal signal x[ n] . Then, the values of x[2]
and x[3] are :
(A) a n u(n  2) (B) a n  2 u(n)
(A) 0 and 0 (B) 0 and 1
(C) a n  2 u(n) (D) a n u(n  2) (C) 1 and 0 (D) 1 and 1
AD [IES - EC - 2007] AA [GATE – EC2 – 2014]
(24) Which one of the following systems (2) The input – output relationship of a causal
described by the following input-output stable LTI system is given as
relations is non-linear ? y  n    y  n  1   x [n ] . If the impulse
(A) y(n) = n x(2n) (B) y(n) = x(n2) response h [n] of this system satisfies the

(C) y(n) = n2x(n) (D) y(n) = x2(n) condition  h  n  2, the relationship
n0
AA [GATE–S1–EC–2017] between α and β is
(25) Consider a single input single output
discrete-time system with x[n] as input and (A)   1   / 2
y[n] as output, where the two are related as (B)   1   / 2
 n x  n  , for 0  n  10 (C)   2 
y n   
 x  n   x  n  1 , otherwise (D)    2 

Which one of the following statements is true AC [GATE – EC – 2010]

about the system: (3) Two discrete time systems with impulse
responses h1 [ n ]   [ n  1] and
(A) It is causal and stable
h2 [ n ]   [ n  2] are connected in cascade.
(B) It is causal but not stable
The overall impulse response of the cascaded
(C) It is not causal but stable system is
(D) It is neither causal nor stable (A)  [ n 1]   [ n  2]
AD [GATE–S1–EE–2017] (B)  [n  4]
(26) Consider the system with following input-
(C)  [ n  3]
output relation  n

y  n   1   1 x  n  ,
(D)  [n  1] [n  2]
where x[n] is the input and y[n] is the output.
The system is AC [GATE - EE - 2010]
(A) invertible and time invariant (4) Given the finite length input x[n] and the
corresponding finite length output y[n] of an
(B) invertible and time varying LTI system as shown below, the impulse
(C) non-invertible and time invariant response h[n] of the system is
(D) non-invertible and time varying
AA [GATE-IN-2019]
(27) The input x[n] and output y[n] of a discrete-
time system are related as
y[ n]  y[ n  1]  x[ n] . The condition on  (A) h[ n ]  {1, 0, 0,1}
for which the system is Bounded-Input (B) h[ n ]  {1, 0,1}
Bounded-Output (BIBO) stable is :
(C) h[ n ]  {1,1,1,1}
(A) |  | 1 (B) |  |  1
(D) h[ n ]  {1,1,1}
(C) |  |  1 (D) |  |  3 / 2
AB [IES - EC - 1997]
(5) The system described by the difference
********** equation
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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
y(n) - 2 y(n - 1) + y(n - 2) = x(n) - x(n - 1) A9.9to10.1 [GATE – EC2 – 2014]
has y(n) = 0 for n < 0. (10) Consider a discrete- time signal
If x(n) = δ(n), then y(2) will be n for 0  0  10
x  n   . If y[n] is the
(A) 2 (B) 1 0 otherwise
convolution of x [n] with itself, the value of y
(C) zero (D) -1
[4] is -------.
AD [IES - EC - 2005]
AC [IES - EC - 2004]
(6) The unit sample response of a discrete
(11) To which one of the following difference
11 equations, the impulse response
system is 1 00 0....... . For an input
24 h(n)  (n  2)  (n  2) corresponds ?
sequence 1 0 1 0 0 0 ….., what is the output
sequence ? (A) y(n + 2) = x(n) – x(n – 2)
1 1 1 1 (B) y(n – 2) = x(n) – x(n – 4)
(A) 1 0 0 .......
2 4 2 4 (C) y(n) = x(n+2) – x(n – 2)
1
(B) 1 0 0 0 ........ (D) y(n) = –x(n+2) + x(n – 2)
4
1 5 AA [IES - EC - 2012]
(C) 2 0 0 0...... (12) Match List – I with List – II and select the
2 4
correct answer using the code given below
1 5 1 1 the Lists :
(D) 1 0 0 .......
2 4 2 4 List – I
AC [GATE - IN - 2007] A. Even signal
(7) Consider the discrete – time signal B. Causal signal
n
1 1, n  0. C. Periodic signal
x(n)    u (n). where u(n) =  D. Energy signal
 3 0, n  0
List - II
Define the signal y(n) as y(n) = x(  n ), n
 1
1. x(n)    u(n)
  n   . Then 
n 
y ( n) equals. 4
2. x(n)  x(n)
2 2
(A) (B) 3. x(t)u(t)
3 3
4. x(n)  x(n  N)
3
(C) (D) 3 Code :
2
A B C D
AA [IES - EC - 2004] (A) 2 3 4 1
(8) What is the phase angle of the composite
sinusoidal signal resulting from the addition (B) 1 3 4 2
of (C) 2 4 3 1
v1 (n)  sin[5n] and (D) 1 4 3 2

v 2 (n)  2 cos[5 n] . AD [GATE - IN - 2003]

(13) Given h[n] = [1, 2, 2], f[n] is obtained by
0
(A) 54.7 (B)  5  convolving h[n] with itself and g[n] by
(C)  (D)  / 3 correlating h[n] with itself. Which one of the
following statements is true ?
AD [GATE – EC1 – 2014] (A) f[n] is causal and its maximum value is
(9) A discrete time signal x[n] =sin(  2 n ),n 9
being an integer is
(B) f[n] is non – causal and its maximum
(A) Periodic with period  . value is 8
(B) Periodic with period  2 . (C) g[n] is causal and its maximum value is
9
(C) Periodic with period  2 .
(D) g[n] is non – causal and its maximum
(D) Not periodic. value is 9

Page 30 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.2 – Discrete Time Signal & System
AA [IES - EC - 2009] AC [GATE - EE - 2006]
(14) What is the period of the sinusoidal signal (18) A discrete real all pass system has a pole at z
x(n)  5cos[0.2  n] ? = 2 300 : it, therefore,
(A) 10 (B) 5 (A) Also has a pole at 1 / 2  30 0
(C) 1 (D) 0 (B) Has a constant phase response over the
z-plane: are | H ( z ) | = const
AB [GATE - EE - 2008]
(15) Given a sequence x[n], to generate the (C) Is stable only if it is anticausal
sequence y[n] = x[3 – 4n], which one of the (D) Has a constant phase response over the
following procedures would be correct ? unit circle: arg | H ( e i  ) | = const
(A) First delay x[n] by 3 samples to generate
AA [GATE - EE - 2006]
z1 [ n ], then pick every 4th sample of
(19) x[n] = 0; n < -1, n > 0, x[-1] = -1, x[0] = 2 is
z1 [ n ] to generate z2 [ n] , and then finally the input and y[n] = 0; n < -1, n > 2, y[-1] = -
time reverse z2 [ n] to obtain y[n] 1 = y[1], y[0] = 3, y[2] = -2 is the output of a
discrete-time LTI system. The system
(B) First advance x[n] by 3 samples to impulse response h[n] will be
generate z1 [ n ], then pick every 4th
(A) h[n] = 0; n<0, n>2, h[0] = 1, h[1] = h[2]
sample of z1 [ n ] to generate z2 [ n] and = -1
then finally time reverse z2 [ n] to obtain
(B) h[n] = 0; n<-1, n>1, h[-1] = 1, h[0] =
y[n] h[1] = 2
(C) First pick every fourth sample of x[n] to (C) h[n] = 0; n<0, n>3, h[0]=-1, h[1] = 2,
generate v1[ n ] , time reverse v1[ n ] to
h[2]=1
obtain v2 [ n] , and finally advance v2 [ n]
(D) h[n] = 0; n<-2, n>1, h[-2] = h[1] = -2,
by 3 samples to obtain y[n] h[-1] = -h[0] = 3
(D) First pick every fourth sample of x[n] to
AA [IES - EC - 1991]
generate v1[ n ] , time reverse v1[ n ] to
(20) The impulse train shown in the Fig.,
obtain v2 [ n] , and finally delay v2 [ n] by represents the second derivation of a function
3 samples to obtain y[n]. f(t). The value of f(t) is
AD [GATE – EC – 2004]
(16) The impulse response h[n] of a linear time
invariant system is given as
2 2, n  1, 1

h[n]  4 2, n  2, 2
0, otherwise

If the input to the above system is the (A) - t u(t - 1) - t u(t - 2) + t u(t - 3) + t u(t -
jn/4 4) - t u(t - 5) + 2t u (t - 6) - t u(t - 7)
sequence e , then the output is
(B) - t u(t - 1) - t u(t - 2) - t u(t - 3) - t u(t - 4)
(A) 4 2e jn / 4 (B) 4 2 e  j n / 4 + t u(t - 5)
jn /4 j n /4
(C) 4e (D) 4e (C) t u(t - 3) + t u(t - 4) + 2 t u(t - 6)
AD [GATE – EC – 2008] (D) t u(t + 1) + t u(t + 2) + t u(t + 3) + t u(t +
(17) A discrete time linear shift – invariant system 4) + t u(t + 5) + 2 t u(t + 6) + t u(t + 7)
has an impulse response h[n] with h [0] = 1,
AC [IES - EC - 1998]
h [1] = -1, h [2] = 2, and zero otherwise. The
(21) If a(n) is the response of a linear, time -
system is given an input sequence x[n] with x
invariant, discrete-time system to a unit step
[0] = x [2] = 1, and zero otherwise. The
input, then the response of the same system
number of nonzero samples in the output
to a unit impulse input is
sequence y[n], and the value of y [2] are,
respectively d
(A) [a ( n )]
(A) 5, 2 (B) 6, 2 dn
(C) 6, 1 (D) 5, 3 (B) n a(n)

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(C) a(n) - a(n - 1) (C) [3, 9, 8, 14, 7, 5, 2]
(D) a(n + 1) - 2 a(n) + a(n - 1)
(D) None
AB [IES - EC - 2002]
(22) Which one of the systems described by the AA [IES - EC - 2004]
n
following input-output relations is time- (26) y[n ]   x[k]
invariant ? k  

(A) y(n)  nx(n) Which one of the following systems is

(B) y(n)  x(n)  x(n  1) inverse of the system given above ?
(C) y(n)  x(n) (A) x[n] = y[n] – y[n – 1]

(D) y(n)  x(n)cos 2f0n (B) x[n] = y[n]

(C) x[n] = y[n + 4]
AA [IES - EC - 2004]
(23) Consider the following systems : (D) x[n] = ny[n]

1. y[k]  x[k]  a1x[k  1]  b1y[k  1] AA [IES - EC - 2005]

(27) A signal v(n) is defined by
b2 y[k  2]
1 ; n 1
2. y[k]  x[k]  a1x[k  1]  a 2 x[k  2] 
v(n)  1 ; n  1
 0 ; n  0and| n |  1
3. y[k]  x[k  1]  a1x[k]  a 2 x[k  1] 

4. y[k]  a1x[k]  a 2 x[k  1]  b1y[k  2] What is the value of the composite signal
defined as v[n] + v[–n]?
Which of the systems given above represent
(A) 0 for all integer values of n
recursive discrete systems?
(B) 2 for all integer values of n
(A) 1 and 4 (B) 1 and 2
(C) 1 for all integer values of n
(C) 1, 2 and 3 (D) 2, 3 and 4
(D) –1 for all integer values of n
AA [IES - EC - 2004]
(24) Given that x1 (t)  ek1 t u(t) and AD [IES - EC - 2005]
(28) The lengths of two discrete time sequence
x 2 (t)  e  k 2 t u(t) . Which one of the following
x1(n) and x2 (n) are 5 and 7, respectively.
gives their convolution?
What is the maximum length of a sequence
ek1t  e k2 t 
(A) x1 (n) * x2 (n) ?
[k1  k 2 ]
(A) 5 (B) 6
ek1t  e k2 t  (C) 7 (D) 11
(B)
[k 2  k1 ] AA [IES - EC - 2005]
k1t
e  e   k2 t (29) Let x[n]  a n u[n]
(C)
[k1  k 2 ] h[n]  b n u[n]

ek1t  e k2 t  What is the expression for y[n], for a

(D) discrete-time system?
[k 2  k1 ] 
(A) a k
u[k]b n  k u[n  k]
AD [IES - EC - 2004] k  
(25) Which one of the following gives the cross- 
correlation [R xy (k)] of two finite length (B) a n
u[k]b n  k u[n  k]
k  
sequences x(n)  {1,3,1,3} and

k
y(n)  {1, 2,1, 3} ? (C) a u[n  k]b n u[k]
k  

(A) [3, 10, 8, 14, 7,5,2] 

nk
(D) a u[k]b n  k u[n  k]
k 
(B) [2, 10, 7, 14, 6, 6, 3]

Page 32 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.2 – Discrete Time Signal & System
AA [IES - EC - 2006] (C) [ n  1]  [ n  2]
(30) The discrete-time signal x[n] is given as
(D) [ n ]  [ n  1]  [ n  2]
1 n  1, 2
 AA [GATE - IN - 2008]
x(n)  1 n  1,  2
 0 n  0and| n |  2 (34) Consider a discrete – time system for which
 the input x[ n ] and the output y[n] are related
Which one of the following is the time-
1
shifted signal y[n] = x[n + 3] as y[ n ]  x[ n ] y[ n  1]. If y[ n ]  0 for
3
1, n  1, 2 n < 0 and x[ n ]  [ n ], then y[ n ] can be

(A) y[ n]  1, n  4, 5 expressed in terms of the unit step u[ n ] as
0, n  3n  5 and n  1
 n n
0, n  1, 2  1 1
(A)    u[n] (B)   u[n]
  3  3
(B) y[ n]  1, n  4, 5
1, n  3n  5 and n  1
 (C) (3) n u[ n ] (D) (  3) n u[ n ]
 1, n  1, 2 AB [GATE - IN - 2011]

(C) y[ n]   0, n  4, 5 (35) Consider the difference equation
1, n  3n  5 and n  1 1
 y[ n ]  y[ n  1]  x[ n ] and suppose that
3
1, n  1, 2 n
 1
(D) y[n]   1, n  4,5 x[n]    u[n]. Assuming the condition
 0, n  3n  5 and n  1  2

of initial rest, the solution for y[n], n  0 is
AA [IES - EC - 2007]
n n
(31) The discrete time signal x(n) is defined by 1 1
(A) 3    2  
 1, n 1  3 2

x(n)  1, n  1 n n
 0, n  0and| n |  1 1 1
 (B) 2    3  
 3 2
Which one of the following is the composite
n n
signal y(n) = x(n) + x(–n) for all integer 2 1 1 1 
values of n ? (C)     
3  3 3 2 
(A) 0 (B) 2
n n
(C)  (D)  11 2 1 
(D)     
AD [IES - EC - 2012] 3 3 3 2 
(32) The natural response of an LTI system
A*[GATE-EC-1993]
described by the difference equation
(36) Sketch the waveform (with properly marked
y(n)  1.5y(n  1)  0.5y(n  2)  x(n) is
axes) at the output of a matched filter
(A) y(n)  0.5u(n)  2(0.5) n u(n) matched for a signal s(t), of duration T, given
by
(B) y(n)  0.5u(n)  (0.5) n u(n)
 2
(C) y(n)  2u(n)  0.5(0.5) n u(n) A for 0t T
3
st  
(D) y(n)  2u(n)  (0.5) n u(n)  0 for 2
Tt T
 3
AA [GATE - IN - 2008]
(33) Consider a discrete – time LTI system with AD[GATE-IN-2013]
input x[ n ]  [ n ]  [ n  1] and impulse (37) The discrete-time transfer function
1
response h[n] = [ n ]  [ n  1]. The output 1  2z
is
of the system will be given by 1  0.5z 1
(A) [ n ]  [ n  2] (A) non-minimum phase and unstable
(B) [ n ]  [ n  1] (B) minimum phase and unstable

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(C) minimum phase and stable
(D) non-minimum phase and stable
A2 [GATE – IN – 2016]
(38) The signal x[n] shown in the figure below is
convolved with itself to get y[n]. The value
of y[−1] is ________ .

AD [GATE – IN – 2018]
(39) Let y[ n]  x[ n]* h[n] , where * denotes
convolution and x[ n] and h[ n ] are two
discrete time sequences. Given that the z-
transform of y[ n] is Y ( z )  2  3 z 1  z 2 ,
the z-transform of p[ n]  x[n]* h[ n  2] is

(A) 2  3z  z 2
(B) 3z  z 2
(C) 2 z 2  3z  1
(D) 2 z 2  3z 3  z 4

-------0000-------

Page 34 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 03
Fourier series
Theoretical Problem 3. The evaluation of Fourier coefficients
gets simplified it waveform symmetries
AA [IES - EC - 1995] are used
(1) If f(t) = -f(-t) and f(t) satisfies the Dirichlet's
4. The amplitude spectrum is continuous
conditions, then f(t) can be expanded in a
Fourier series containing Which of the above statements are correct ?
(A) only sine terms (A) 1, 2 and 4 (B) 2, 3 and 4
(B) only cosine terms
(C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 3
(C) cosine terms and a constant terms
(D) sine terms and a constant terms AB [GATE-EE1-2014]
(5) For a periodic square wave, which one of the
AD [GATE – EC –1994] following statements is TRUE?
(2) The Fourier Series of an odd periodic (A) The Fourier series coefficients do not
function, contains only exist.
(A) Odd harmonic (B) The Fourier series coefficients exist but
(B) even harmonics the reconstruction converges at most
point.
(C) cosine terms
(C) The Fourier series coefficients exist and
(D) sine terms the reconstruction converges at no
points.
AA [IES - EC – 2009]
(3) Assertion (A) : There are no convergence (D) The Fourier series coefficients exist and
issues with the discrete time Fourier series in the reconstruction converges at every
general. point.

Reason (R) : A discrete-time signal is always AC [GATE – EC – 1996/ 2011]

obtained by sampling a continuous-time (6) The trigonometric Fourier series of an even
signal. function of time does not have
Codes : (A) the dc term
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the (B) cosine terms
correct explanation of A (C) sine terms
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not a (D) odd harmonic terms
correct explanation of A
AA [GATE – EC – 1998]
(C) A is true but R is false
(7) The trigonometric Fourier series of a periodic
(D) A is false but R is true time function can have only
AD [IES - EC – 2002] (A) cosine terms
(4) Consider the following statements related to (B) sine terms
Fourier series of a periodic waveform :
(C) cosine and sine terms
1. It expresses the given periodic
waveform as a combination of d.c. (D) d.c. and cosine terms
component, sine and cosine waveforms
AD [IES - EC - 1991]
of different harmonic frequencies.
(8) About the Fourier series expansion of a
2. The amplitude spectrum is discrete. periodic function it can be said that

www.targate.org Page 35
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(A) Even functions have only a constant and List - II
cosine terms in their FS expansion
1. Even harmonics can exist.
(B) Odd functions have only sine terms in
their FS expansion 2. Odd harmonics can exist.
(C) Functions with half-wave symmetry
3. The dc and cosine terms can exist.
contain only odd harmonics
(D) All the above three 4. sine terms can exist.

AA [IES - EC – 2004] 5. cosine terms of even harmonics can exist.

(9) Assertion (A) : A periodic function
Codes:
satisfying Dirichlet's conditions can be
expanded into a Fourier series. A B C D
Reason (R) : A Fourier series is a (A) 4 5 3 1
summation of weighted sine and cosine
waves of the fundamental frequency and its (B) 3 4 1 2
harmonics
(C) 5 4 2 3
Codes:
(D) 4 3 2 1
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A AA [IES - EC - 2000]
(12) Match List-I with list-II and select the correct
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not a answer using the codes given below the
correct explanation of A Lists:
(C) A is true but R is false List-I
(D) A is false but R is true A. f (t )   f ( t )
AD [IES - EC – 2003] 
jn0 t
(10) Assertion (A) : In the exponential fourier B. Ce n
representation of a real-valued periodic n 

function f(t) of frequency f 0 , the coefficients 

of the term e j2 nf 0 t

and e  j2 nf0 t
are negatives C.  f (t )e  jt dt

of each other.
t
Reason (R) : The discrete magnitude D.
spectrum of f(t) is even and the phase  f ( ) f
0
1 2 (t   )d
spectrum is odd.
List - II
Codes:
1. Exponential from of Fourier series
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A 2. Fourier transform

(B) Both A and R are true but R is not a 3. Convolution integral

correct explanation of A 4. z - transform
(C) A is true but R is false 5. Odd function wave symmetry
(D) A is false but R is true Codes:
AD [IES - EC - 2000] A B C D
(11) Match List - I (Properties) with List - II
(A) 5 1 2 3
(Characteristics of the trigonometric from) in
regard to Fourier series of periodic f(t) and (B) 2 1 5 3
select the correct answer using the codes (C) 5 4 2 1
given below the Lists:
(D) 4 5 1 2
List - I
AD [IES - EC – 2003]
(A) f(t) + f(-t) = 0
(13) Match List I (Nature of Periodic Function)
(B) f(t) - f(-t) = 0 with List II (Properties of Spectrum
(C) f(t) + f(t - T/2) = 0 Function) and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the Lists :
(D) f(t) - f(t - T/2) = 0
Page 36 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)
 Topic.3 – Fourier Series

List - I
x  t   a 0    a n cosn0 t  b n sin n0 t 
(Nature of Periodic Function) n 1
A. Impulse train
If x  t    x   t    x  t   / 0  , we can
conclude that
(A) a n are zero for all n and bn are zero for
n even
B. Full-wave rectified sine function (B) a n are zero for all n and bn are zero for
 2t   4t  n odd
C. sin    cos  
 6   6 
(C) a n are zero for n even and bn are zero
for n odd
(D) a n are zero for n odd and bn are zero
D.
for n even
AB [GATE–S1–EC–2017]
List-II (16) Let x(t) be a continuous time periodic signal
with fundamental period T = 1 seconds. Let
(Properties of Spectrum Function)
1. Only even harmonics are present
a k  be the complex Fourier series
coefficients of x(t), where k is integer valued.
2. Impulse train with strength 1/T Consider the following statements about
1 1 1 1 x(3t):
3. 3  ;   3   ; 1   ;   1 
4j 4j 4j 4j I. The complex Fourier series coefficients
4. Only odd harmonics are present of x(3t) are a k  where k is integer
5. Both even and odd harmonics are present valued.
Codes: II. The complex Fourier series coefficients
A B C D of x(3t) are 3a k  where k is integer
(A) 5 2 3 4 valued.
(B) 2 1 4 3
III. The fundamental angular frequency of
(C) 5 2 4 3 x(3t) is 6rad / s
(D) 2 1 3 4
For the three statements above, which one of
AA [IES - EC – 2003] the following is correct?
(14) Assertion (A) : A periodic function (A) only II and III are correct
satisfying Dirichlet conditions can be
expanded into Fourier series. (B) only I and III are true
Reason (R) : A periodic function can be (C) only III is true
reconstructed from
(D) only I is true
a0
  a n cos n0 t   b n sin n0 t
2 n 1 n 1
**********
for very large n, excluding infinity.
Codes:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not a
correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
AA [GATE–S1–EC–2017]
(15) A periodic signal x(t) has a trigonometric
Fourier series expansion

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
Numerical Problem (A) 3 sin(25t )

AD [GATE – EE – 2000] (B) 4cos(20t  3)  2sin(710t )

(1) If an a.c voltage wave is corrupted with an
(C) exp( | t | sin(25t )
arbitrary number of harmonics, then the
overall voltage waveform differs from its (D) 1
fundamental component in terms of
AC [GATE – EC – 2003]
(A) only the peak values (7) A periodic signal x(t) of period T0 is given by
(B) only the rms values
1, | t | T1
(C) only the average values 
x(t )   T0
(D) all the three measures(peak, rms and
average values)
0, T1 | t | 2

AA [GATE – EC – 2013] The d.c. component of x(t) is

(2) A band-limited signal with a maximum
(A) T1 / T0 (B) T1 / (2T0 )
frequency of 5 kHz is to be sampled.
According to the sampling theorem, the (C) 2T1 / T0 (D) T0 / T1
sampling frequency in kHz which is not valid
is
 2 
A  [GATE – EC – 1993]
(A) 5 kHz (B) 12 kHz
 8 
(C) 15 kHz (D) 20 kHz (8) Fourier series of the periodic function (period
A0.5 [GATE – EE – 2014]
2 ) defined by
(3) Leg g: [0,  )  [0,  ) be a function
0,   x0
defined by g(x) = x – [x], where [x] f ( x) 
represents the integer part of x.(That is the  x, 0 x
largest integer which is less than or equal to
x). The value of the constant term in the   1
is    2 [cos( n  cos( nx )
Fourier series expansion of g(x) is ______ 4 1  n
AA [GATE – EC – 2009]
(4) The Fourier series of a real periodic function 1 
 cos(n)sin(nx) 
has only n 
P. Cosine terms if it is even By putting x   in the above, one can
deduce that the sum of the series
Q. Sine terms if it is even 1 1 1
1    ..... is
R. Cosine terms if it is odd 32 52 72
S. Sine terms if it is odd AD [GATE - EE - 1996]
(9) A periodic rectangular signal, x(t) has the
Which of the above statements are correct? waveform shown in Figure. Frequency of the
fifth harmonic of its spectrum is
(A) P and S (B) P and R

(C) Q and S (D) Q and R

A0.5 [GATE – EC – 2015]
 n 
(5) Let x  n   1    be a periodic signal with
 8 
period 16. Its DFS coefficients are defined by
1 15   
a k   x  n  exp   j kn  for all k. the
16 n  0  8  (A) 40 Hz (B) 200 Hz
value of the coefficient a 31 is ________. (C) 250 Hz (D) 1250 Hz
AC [GATE – EC – 2005] AB [GATE - EE - 2008]
(6) Choose the function f (t );   t  , for (10) Let x(t) be a periodic signal with time period
which a Fourier series cannot be defined. T. Let y(t) = x (t  t0 )  x (t  t0 ) for some

Page 38 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.3 – Fourier Series
t 0 . The Fourier Series coefficients of y(t) are The Fourier series expansion of sgn(cos(t))
denoted by bk . If bk = 0 for all odd k, then has
(A) only sine terms with all harmonics.
t0 can be equal to
(B) only cosine terms with all harmonics
(A) T/8 (B) T/4
(C) only sine terms with even numbered
(C) T/2 (D) 2T harmonics
AA [GATE - EE - 2010] (D) only cosine terms with odd numbered
(11) The second harmonic component of the harmonics
periodic waveform given in the figure has an
amplitude of A0.50to0.52 [GATE – EC2 – 2014]
(16) Consider the periodic square wave in the
figure shown. The ratio of the power in the
7th harmonic to the power in the 5th harmonic
for this wave form is closest in value to -----.

(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2/ π (D) 5
AC [IES - EC - 1994]
(12) The impulse response of a first order system
is K e-2t . If the input signal is sin 2t, then the
steady state response will be given by
K   AB [GATE – EC – 2002]
(A) sin  2t   (17) Which of the following cannot be the Fourier
2 2  4
series expansion of a periodic signal?
1
(B) sin2t (A) x(t )  2cos t  3cos3t
4
K   (B) x(t )  2cos t  7cos t
(C) sin  2t  
2 2  4 (C) x(t )  cos t  0.5
1   (D) x(t )  2cos1.5t  sin 3.5t
(D) sin  2t    Ke 2 t
2 2  4
AB [GATE – EC – 2009]
AB [IES - EC - 2000] 2
(18) A function is given by f (t) = sin t  cos 2t.
(13) The Fourier series representation of a
periodic current is Which of the following is true?
(A) f has frequency components at 0 and 1/2
[2  6 2 cos(t )  48 sin(2t )] A
 Hz
The effective value of the current is
(B) f has frequency components at 0 and 1/
(A) (2  6  24) A (B) 8 A  Hz
(C) 6 A (D) 2 A (C) f has frequency components at 1/2  and
1/  Hz
AA [IES - EC – 2012]
(14) An ideal low-pass filter has a cutoff (D) f has frequency components at 0, 1/2 
frequency of 100 Hz. If the input to the filter and 1/  Hz
in volts is v(t) = 30 2 sin 1256t, the AD [GATE – EC – 2003]
magnitude of the output of the filter will be (19) The fourier series expansion of a real
(A) 0 V (B) 20 V periodic signal with fundamental frequency

J 2 nf 0 t
(C) 100 V (D) 200 f 0 is given by g p (t )  ce n
. It is
n 
AD [GATE – EE1 – 2015]
given that c3  3  j 5. Then c3 is
(15) The signum function is given by
 x (A) 5  j3 (B) 3  j 5
 ; x0
sgn(x)  | x | (C) 5  j 3 (D) 3  j5
 0; x  0


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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AC [GATE – EC – 2005] series coefficients of W1 and W 2 , for n  1 ,
(20) The trigonometric Fourier series for the n odd, are respectively proportional to
waveform f (t) shown below contains

(A) | n |3 and | n |2

(A) only cosine terms and zero value for the
(B) | n |2 and | n |3
dc component
(B) only cosine terms and a positive value (C) | n |1 and | n |2
for the de component (D) | n |4 and | n |2
(C) only cosine terms and a negative value
for the dc component AC [GATE - EE - 2002]
(24) Fourier Series for the waveform, f(t) shown
(D) only sine terms and a negative value for
in Fig. is
the dc component
AC [GATE – EC – 1987]
(21) A half-wave rectified sinusoidal waveform
has a peak voltage of 10 V Its average value
and the peak values of the fundamental
component are respectively given by :
20 10 10 10
(A) V, V (B) V V
 2  2 (A) 82 sin  πt   1 sin(3πt )  1 sin(5πt )  ...
π  9 25 
10 20
(C) V ,5V (D) V ,5V (B) 82 sin  πt   1 cos(3πt )  1 sin(5πt )  ...
  π  9 25 

AD [GATE – EC – 1999] (C) 82 cos  πt   1 cos(3πt )  1 cos(5πt )  ...

(22) The Fourier series representation of an π  9 25 
impulse train denoted by
 (D) 82 cos  πt   1 sin(3πt )  1 sin(5πt )  ...
s (t )   (t  nT )
0
π  9 25 
n 

is given by AC [GATE - EE - 2006]

(25) x(t) is a real valued function of a real
1  j 2nt variable with period T. Its trigonometric
(A)    exp Fourier Series expansion contains no terms
 T0  n  T0
of frequency   2 π (2 k ) / T ; k = 1, 2 ...
1  jnt Also, no sine terms are present. Then x(t)
(B)    exp satisfies the equation
 T0  n T0
(A) x(t) = - x(t – T)
1  jnt (B) x(T) = x(T – 1) = - x(-t)
(C)    exp
 T0  n T0
(C) x(t) = x(T – t) = - x(t – T/2)

1 j 2nt (D) x(t) = x(t – T) = x(t – T/2)
(D)    exp
 T0  n T0 AD [GATE - EE - 2011]
(26) The Fourier series expansion f(t) =
AC [GATE – EC – 2000] 
(23) One period (0, T) each of two periodic a0   an cos nt  bn sin nt of the
waveforms W1 and W 2 are shown in Fig. 1 n 1

and Fig.2. The magnitudes of the nth Fourier periodic signal shown below will contain the
following nonzero terms:

Page 40 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.3 – Fourier Series
AA [IES - EC - 1991]
(30) The amplitude and phase spectra for the few
harmonics of a periodic signal, f(t) of time
period 1 sec are shown in the Fig., below.
(A) a 0 and bn n = 1, 3, 5, ...  The function f(t) is

(B) a0 and a n , n = 1, 2, 3, ..... 

(C) a 0 , a n and bn , n = 1, 2, 3 ..... 

(D) a0 and a n , n = 1, 3, 5, .......... 

AD [GATE - EE - 2005]
(27) The Fourier series for the function f(x) =
sin 2 x is :
(A) sin x  sin 2 x
(B) 1  cos 2 x
(C) sin 2 x  cos 2 x
(D) 0.5  0.5 cos 2x
AA [GATE - EE - 2007]    
(28) A signal x(t) is given by (A) cos  2 t    0.75cos  6 t  
 4  2
 1, T / 4  t  3T / 4
  
x(t )   1,3T / 4  t  7T / 4 0.1cos  10 t   ...
 x(t  T )  6

 t   t 
Which among the following gives the (B) cos     0.75cos   
fundamental Fourier term of x(t)?  2 4   6 2 

4  πt π   t 
(A) cos    0.1cos   
π T 4  10 6 

π  πt π      1
(B) cos    (C) cos  2 t    0.75cos  6 t  . 
4  2T 4   4  2 3

4  πt π    1
(C)    0.1cos  10 t  . 
πT 4  6 6

π  πt π     
(D) sin    (D)  cos  2 t    0.75cos  6 t  
4  2T 4   4  2

AC [GATE - EE - 2009]  
(29) The Fourier Series coefficients, of a periodic 0.1cos 10 t  
 6
signal x(t), expressed as x(t) =

 k 
ak e j 2 πkt /T are given by a 2 = 2- j1; AA [IES - EC - 1993]
(31) Which of the following periodic waveforms
a 1  0.5  j 0.2; a0  j 2; will have only odd harmonics of sinusoidal
a1  0.5  j 0.2; a 2  2  j1; and ak  0; waveforms?
for | k | 2. Which of the following is true?
(A) x(t) has finite energy because only
finitely many coefficients are non-zero 1.
(B) x(T) has zero average value because it is
periodic
(C) The imaginary part of x(t) is constant
(D) The real part of x(t) is even

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(A) all cosine terms
(B) all sine terms
2. (C) odd cosine terms
(D) odd sine terms
AA [GATE - IN - 2010]
(34) f(x), shown in the adjoining figure is
represented by

3. f ( x )  a0   {a n cos( nx )  bn sin( nx )}.
n 1
The value of a 0 is

4.

Select the correct answer using the codes

given below: (A) 0 (B) π / 2
Codes:
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3 (C) π (D) 2π
(C) 1 and 4 (D) 2 and 4 AB [GATE - IN - 2011]
(35) Consider a periodic signal x(t) as shown
AA [IES - EC - 1997]
below
(32) The amplitude of the first odd harmonic of
the square wave shown in the Fig., is equal to

It has a Fourier series representation x(t) =


j (2 π / T ) kt

(A)
4V
(B)
2V ae
k 
k

 3
Which one of the following statement is
V TRUE?
(C) (D) 0
 (A) ak  0, for k odd integer add T = 2
AD [IES - EC - 1997] (B) ak  0, for k even integer and T = 2
(33) A periodic triangular wave is shown in the
Fig. Its Fourier components will consist only (C) ak  0, for k even integer and T = 4
of
(D) ak  0, for k odd integer and T = 4

AB [IES - EC - 1998]
(36) A periodic voltage having the Fourier series
v(t) = 1 + 4 sin ωt + 2 cos ωt volts is applied
across a one-ohm resistors. The power
dissipated in the one-ohm resistor is
(A) 1 W (B) 11 W
(C) 21 W (D) 24.5 W

Page 42 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.3 – Fourier Series
AA [IES - EC – 2003] The source has nonzero impedance. Which
(37) For half-wave (odd) symmetry, with T0 = one of the following is a possible form of the
periodic of x(t), which one of the following is output measured across a resistor in the
correct ? network?
3
(A) x(t  T0 / 2)   x(t) (A) b k cos( k  0 t   k ) , where bk  ak ,  k
(B) x (t  T0 / 2)  x (t) k 1
4
(C) x (t  T0 )   x(t) (B) b k cos( k  0 t   k ) , where bk  0, k
k 1
(D) x (t  T0 )  x(t) 3

AA [IES - EC – 2004]
(C) a
k 1
k cos( k 0 t   k )
(38) A square wave is defined by 2

 A 0  t  T0 / 2
(D) a
k 1
k cos( k 0 t   k )
x(t)  
A T0 / 2  t  T0 S4AB [GATE – EC – 2016]
It is periodically extended outside this 2 
(42) A signal 2 cos  t   cos( t ) is the input to
interval. What is the general coefficient 'an' in  3 
the Fourier expansion of this wave ? an LTI system with the transfer function
(A) 0 H (s)  es  es
2A(1  cos n)
(B) If C k denotes the kth coefficient in the
n
exponential Fourier series of the output
2A(1  cos n)
(C) signal, then C3 is equal to
n
(A) 0 (B) 1
2A(1  cos n)
(D) (C) 2 (D) 3
[(n  1)]
S8AB [GATE – EE – 2016]
AC [IES - EC – 2010] (43) Let f(x) be a real, periodic function satisfying
(39) Consider the following statements : f(−x) = −f(x). The general form of its Fourier
Fourier series of any periodic function x(t) series representation would be
can be obtained if 

T0
(A) f ( x)  a0   a cos(kx)
k 1 k

1.  | x(t) |dt  
0
(B) f ( x)   b sin(kx)
k 1 k

2. Finite number of discontinuous exist (C) f ( x)  a0   a cos(kx)
k 1 2 k
within finite time interval t. 
Which of the above statements is / are correct (D) f ( x)   a
k 0 2k 1
sin(2k  1)x
(A) 1 only S6AC [GATE – EE – 2016]
(B) 2 only (44) Suppose x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) have the Fourier
(C) Both 1 and 2 transforms as shown below.
(D) neither 1 and 2
AA [IES - EC – 2012]
(40) A waveform is given by
v(t) = 10 sin 2π 100t. What will be the
magnitude of the second harmonic in its
Fourier series representation ?
(A) 0 V (B) 20 V
(C) 100 V (D) 200 V
S1AA [GATE – EC – 2016]
(41) A network consisting of a finite number of
linear resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor
(C) elements, connected all in series or all in
parallel, is excited with a source of the form
3
Which one of the following statements is
a
k 1
k cos( k 0 t ) , where ak  0 , 0  0 .
TRUE?

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 SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(A) x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) are complex and 120 Hz. Which of the following is an
x1 ( t ) x 2 ( t ) is also complex with nonzero accurate description of the output?
imaginary part
(B) x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) are real and x1 ( t ) x 2 ( t )
is also real
(C) x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) are complex but
x1 ( t ) x 2 ( t ) is real
(D) x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) are imaginary but (A) Output is zero.
x1 ( t ) x 2 ( t ) is real (B) Output consists of both 50 Hz and 100
Hz frequency components.
AC [GATE–S1–EE–2017] (C) Output is a pure sinusoid of frequency

k 
(45) Let the signal x  t     1   t  50 Hz.
k

k   2000  (D) Output is a square wave of fundamental
be passed through an LTI system with frequency 50 Hz.
frequency response H   , as given in the
AA [GATE – EE – 2018]
figure below (48) A continuous-time input signal x(t) is an
eigenfunction of an LTI system, if the output
is
(A) k x (t ) , where k is an eigenvalue
(B) k e jt x(t ) , where k is an eigenvalue and
e j t is a complex exponential signal
(C) x(t ) e jt , where e j t is a complex
The Fourier series representation of the
output is given as exponential signal
(D) k H () , where k is an eigenvalue and
(A) 4000  4000cos  2000t   4000cos 4000t
H () is a frequency response of the
4000cos 2000t  4000cos  4000t  system
(B) 2000  2000cos  2000t   2000cos 4000t A9.5-10.5 [GATE – EE – 2018]
2000cos 2000t  2000cos  4000t  (49) The Fourier transform of a continuous-time
signal x(t) is given by
(C) 4000cos  2000t  1
X ()  2
,      , where
(D) 2000cos  2000t  10  j
j  1 and  denotes frequency. Then the
AC [GATE – EC – 2018]
value of | ln x(t ) | at t =1 is ________ (up to 1
(46) Let x(t ) be a periodic function with period
decimal place). (ln denotes the logarithm to
T  10 . The Fourier series coefficients for
base e )
this series are denoted by a k , that is
 jk
2
t
AC [GATE-EE-2019]
x(t )  
k 
ak e T
(50) A periodic function f(t), with a period of 2 ,
is represented as its Fourier series,
The same function x(t ) can also be  
f (t )  a0  n 1 an cos nt n 1bn sin nt .
considered as a periodic function with period
T '  40 . Let b k be the Fourier series  A sin t , 0  1  
If f (t )  
coefficients when period is taken as T ' . If  0,  t 2
 
 k  | ak |  16 , then  k  | bk | is equal to the Fourier series coefficients a1 and b1 of
(A) 256 (B) 64 f(t) are
(C) 16 (D) 4 A
(A) a1  0; b1  A /  (B) a1  ; b1  0
AC [GATE – IN – 2018] 2
(47) An ideal square wave with period of 20 ms A A
shown in the figure, is passed through an (C) a1  0; b1  (D) a1  ; b1  0
2 
ideal low pass filter with cut-off frequency -------0000-------

Page 44 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 04
Fourier Transform
Theoretical Problem AA [IES - EC - 2002]
(4) Match List-I (Fourier series and fourier
AC [IES - EC - 2006] transforms) with List-II (Their properties)
(1) Match List-I with List-II and select the and select the correct answer using the codes
correct answer using the code given below given below the lists :
the lists:
List - I
List I(Application of Signals)
A. Fourier series
A. Reconstruction
B. Over sampling B. Fourier transform
C. Interpolation C. Discrete time Fourier series
List II (Definition) D. Discrete Fourier transform
1. Sampling rate is chosen significantly List - II
greater than the Nyquist rate
1. Discrete, periodic
2. To convert the discrete time sequence
back to a continuous time signal. 2. Continuous, periodic
3. Assign values between samples. 3. Discrete, aperiodic
Codes: 4. Continuous, aperiodic
A B C Codes:
(A) 3 2 1 A B C D
(B) 1 3 2 (A) 3 4 1 2
(C) 2 1 3 (B) 1 2 4 3
(D) 2 3 1
(C) 3 2 4 1
AC [IES - EC - 2012] (D) 1 4 2 3
(2) The property of Fourier transforms which
states that the compression in time domain is AC [IES-EC-2013]
equivalent to expansion in the frequency (5) Which of the following Derichlets conditions
domain is are correct for convergence of Fourier
transform of the function x (t)?
(A) duality
1. x (t) is square integral
(B) scaling
(C) time scaling 2. x(t) must be periodic
(D) frequency shifting 3. x(t) should have finite number of
maxima and minima within any finite
AB [GATE – EC – 1992] interval
(3) If G(f) represents the Fourier transform of a
signal g(t) which is real and odd symmetric 4. x(t) should have finite number of
in time, then discontinuities within any finite interval
(A) G(f) is complex (A) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(B) G(f) is imaginary (B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) G(f) is real (C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) G(f) is real and non-negative (D) 2, 3 and 4 only

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AC [IES-EC-2013] dX ( f )
(6) For certain sequence which are neither (A) (B) j 2f X ( f )
absolutely summable nor square summable,
dt
it is possible to have a Fourier Transform X( f )
(FT) representation if we (C) jf X ( f ) (D)
jf
(A) Take short time FT
AB [GATE – EC – 1998]
(B) Evaluate FT only the real part of the (11) The Fourier transform of a voltage signal
sequence x(t )  X ( F ) , find the unit of | X ( f ) | .
(C) Allow DTFT to contain impulse (A) Volt (B) Volt-sec
(D) Evaluate FT over a limited time span (C) Volt/ sec (D) Volt 2
AC [GATE – EC – 1996] AC [GATE – EC – 2004]
(7) The Fourier transform of a real valued time (12) The Fourier transform of a conjugate
signal has symmetric function is always
(A) odd symmetry (A) imaginary
(B) conjugate anti-symmetric
(B) even symmetry
(C) real
(C) conjugate symmetry (D) conjugate symmetric
(D) no symmetry AC [GATE - IN - 2008]
AB [GATE-EE1-2014] (13) The Fourier transform of x (t )  e  at u ( t ),
(8) Let f (t ) be a continuous time signal and let where u(t) is the unit step function,
F () be its Fourier Transform defined by (A) Exists for any real value of a
 (B) Does not exist for any real value of a
F ()   f (t )e jt dt

(C) Exists if the real value of a is strictly
Define g(t) by negative

g (t )   F (u )e  jut du (D) Exits if the real value of a is strictly

positive
What is the relationship between f(t) and
AC [GATE - EE - 1997]
g(t) ?
(14) A differentiator has transfer function whose
(A) g(t) would always be proportional to
(A) Phase increases linearly with frequency
f(t)
(B) Amplitude remains constant
(B) g(t) would be proportional to f(t) if f(t)
is an even function. (C) Amplitude increases linearly with
frequency
(C) g(t) would be proportional to f(t) only if
f(t) is a sinusoidal function. (D) Amplitude decreases linearly with
frequency
(D) g(t) would never be proportional to f(t).
AD [IES - EC - 2002]
AC [GATE – EC – 1998] (15) Consider the following statements :
(9) The amplitude spectrum of a Gaussian pulse
1. Fourier transform is special case of
is
Laplace transform
(A) uniform 2. Region of convergence need not be
(B) a sine function specified for Fourier transform
(C) Gaussian 3. Laplace transform is not unique unless
the region of convergence is specified
(D) an impulse function
4. Laplace transform is a special case of
AB [GATE – EC – 1998] Fourier transform
(10) The Fourier transform of a function x(t) is Which of these statements are correct ?
dx (t )
X(f). The Fourier transform of will be (A) 2 and 4 (B) 4 and 1
dt
(C) 4, 3 and 2 (D) 1, 2 and 3

Page 46 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.4 - Fourier Transform
AA [IES - EC - 2002] 1
(16) Match List-I (Fourier series and Fourier (A) f ()
transforms) with List-II (Their properties)
2
and select the correct answer using the codes 1
given below the lists : (B) f ( )
2
List - I
(C) 2f ( )
A. Fourier series
B. Fourier transform (D) none of the above
C. Discrete time Fourier series AB [GATE – EC – 1999]
D. Discrete Fourier transform (21) A signal x (t) has a Fourier transform X () .
List - II If x(t) is a real and odd function of t, then
1. Discrete, periodic X () is
2. Continuous, periodic (A) A real and even function of 
3. Discrete, aperiodic (B) an imaginary and odd function of 
4. Continuous, aperiodic (C) an imaginary and even function of 
Codes: (D) a real and odd function of 
A B C D
(A) 3 4 1 2 **********
(B) 1 2 4 3
(C) 3 2 4 1
(D) 1 4 2 3
AD [IES - EC - 2010]
(17) For distortion less transmission through LTI
system phase of H(  ) is
(A) Constant
(B) One
(C) Zero
(D) Linearly dependent on 
AC [IES - EC - 2012]
(18) The Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse
is :
(A) Another rectangular pulse
(B) Triangular pulse
(C) Sinc function
(D) Impulse function
AB [IES - EC - 2012]
(19) The function which has its Fourier transform,
Laplace transform and Z- transform unity is
(A) Gaussian (B) impulse
(C) sinc (D) pulse
AAC [GATE – EC – 1997]
(20) The function f (t) has the Fourier Transform
g() .
The Fourier Transform of g (t)

  jt

  g (t )e dt  is
  

www.targate.org Page 47
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
Numerical Problem e j10t for | t | 1
x(t)  
AC [GATE – EE – 2008]  0 for | t | 1
 1 Its Fourier Transform is
(1) Let x(t) = rect  t   (where rect(t) = 1 for
 2
2sin(  10)
1 1 (A)
 x and zero otherwise). Then   10
2 2
sin  x  j10 sin( 10)
sinc(x) = , the Fourier transformer (B) 2e
x  10
of x(t) + x(– t) will be given by
2sin 
  (C)
(A) sin c    10
 2 
j10  2sin 
  (D) e
(B) 2 sin c   
 2 
AA [GATE – IN – 2006]
   (6) The Fourier transform of a function g(t) is
(C) 2 sin c   cos  
 2  2 given

   2  21
(D) sin c   sin   G   
 2  2 2  9

AC [IES-EC-2013] (A)  t   2exp 3 t  

(2) If f (t) is a real and odd function, then its
Fourier transform F(ω) will be
(A) Real and even function of ω
(B) Real and odd function of ω
(C) Imaginary and odd function of ω
(D) Imaginary function of ω
AB [GATE-EE2-2014]
(3) A differentiable non constant even function
x(t) has a derivative y(t), and their respective
Fourier Transforms are X () and Y () .
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) X () and Y () are both real.
(B) X () is real and Y () is imaginary.
(B) cos 3 t  21exp  3t 
(C) sin 3t  7cos t
(D) sin 3 t  21exp 3  t 
AD [GATE – IN – 2006]
(7) The magnitude of Fourier transform X   
of a function x(t) is shown below in figure
(A). The magnitude of Fourier transform
Y    of another function y(t) is shown
below in figure (B). The phases of
X    and Y    are zero for all  . The
magnitude and frequency units are identical
in both figures. The function y(t) cam
expressed in terms of x(t) as

(C) X () and Y () are both imaginary.

(D) X () is imaginary and Y () is real.

AB [GATE – EC – 1999]
(4) A signal x (t) has a Fourier transform X () .
If x (t) is a real and odd function of t. then
X () is
(a) (b)
(A) A real and even function of 
2 t 2
(B) an imaginary and odd function of  (A)   (B)   2t 
3 2 3
(C) an imaginary and even function of 
2 3 t
(C)   2t  (D)  
(D) a real and odd function of  3 2 2
AA [GATE – EE2 – 2015] AB [GATE – EC – 2014]
(5) Consider a signal defined by (8) For a function g(t), it is given that

Page 48 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.4 - Fourier Transform

2
 jt
 gte dt  e 2  for any real value  .

t 

If y  t    g   d , then  y  t  dt is -
 
________
(A) 0 (B) -j
j j
(C)  (D) (A) 1  sin 
2 2
A59.9to60.1 [GATE – EC2 – 2014] (B) 1  cos 
(9) In the figure, M(f) is the Fourier transform of
the message signal m (t) where A = 100 Hz 2(1  cos )
(C)
v(t) =cos  2 fct  2
and B = 40 Hz. Given
and w(t) =cos  2 (f c +A)t  , where fc > A. 2(1  cos 
(D)
The cut-off frequencies of both the filters fc. 2
AA [IES - EC - 1999]
(13) The signal (1 + M cos(4  t )) cos(2 103 t )
contains the frequency components (in Hz)
(A) 998, 1000 and 1002
(B) 1000 and 2000
(C) dc, 2 and 1000
(D) ....., 996, 998, 1000, 1002, 1004,......
AA [GATE – EC – 2000]
The bandwidth of the signal at the output of (14) The Hilbert transform of [cos 1t  sin  2 t ]
the modulator (in Hz) is -------.
is :
AD [GATE - IN - 2003] (A) sin 1t  cos 2 t
(10) A real function f(t) has a Fourier transform
F (  ). The Fourier transform of (B) sin 1t  cos  2 t
[ f (t )  f (  t )] is
(C) cos 1t  sin  2 t
(A) Zero (B) real
(C) real and odd (D) imaginary (D) sin 1t  sin  2 t

AC [GATE - IN - 2004] AC [GATE - EE/EC/IN - 2012]

j
(11) If the Fourier transform of x[ n ] is X ( e ), (15) The Fourier transform of a signal h(t) is
n H(j = (2 cos  )(sin 2  ) / . The value
then the Fourier transform of ( 1) x[ n ] is
of h(0) is
(A) (  j )  X ( e j  ) (A) 1/4 (B) 1/2

(B) (  1)  X ( e j ) (C) 1 (D) 2

AB [GATE - EE - 2008]
(C) X ( e j (  π ) )
 1
(16) Let x(t) = rect  t   (where rect(x) = 1
d  2
(D)
d
 X (e j ) 
1 1
for   x  and zero otherwise). Then
AC [GATE - IN - 2006] 2 2
(12) If the waveform, shown in the following sin(πx)
if sin c( x)  , the Fourier
figure, corresponds to the second derivative πx
of a given function f(t), then the Fourier Transform of x (t )  x (  t ) will be given by
transform of f(t) is

www.targate.org Page 49
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
  AA [IES-EC-2013]
(A) sin c   (20) A unit impulse function δ(t) is defined by
 2π 
1 δ(t) = 0 for all t except t = 0
 
(B) 2sin c   2
 2π    (t ) dt  1


   The Fourier transform F(ω) of δ(t) is

(C) 2sin   cos  
 2π  2 (A) 1 (B)
1

     1
(D) sin c   cos   (C) 0 (D)
 2π   2  j
AC [IES - EC - 1997] AD [GATE – EC4 – 2014]
(17) Which one of the following is the correct (21) A real-valued signal x (t) limited to the
Fourier transform of the unit step signal? W
frequency band f  is passed through a
u(t) = 1 for t ≥ 0 2
= 0 for t ≤ 0 linear time invariant system whose frequency
  j 4 f W
(A)  ( )  e f 
2
response is H  f    .
1  0, W
(B) f 
j  2
The output of the system is
1 (A) x  t  4  (B) x  t  4 
(C)   ( )
j
(C) x  t  2  (D) x  t  2 
1
(D)  2 ( )
j A3.36to3.39 [GATE – EC4 – 2014]
(22) A Fourier transform pair is given by
AA [IES - EC - 1995] n  j 6 f
2 Ae
  u  n  3 
(18) The group delay function  ( ) is related to F .T

phase function  ( ) as 3 2
1    e j 2 f
d ( )
3
(A)  ( )  
d where u [n] denotes the unit step sequence.
The values of A is -----.
d ( )
(B)  ( ) 
d 2 AD [GATE-EE2-2014]
(23) A continuous-time LTI system with system
d 2 ( ) function H() has the following pole-zero
(C)  ( )  
d 2 plot. For this system, which of the
d 2 ( ) alternatives is TRUE?
(D)  ( ) 
d
AA [IES-EC-2014]
(19) The Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse
for a period
T T
t to t 
2 2
is
(A) a sinc function
(A) | H (0) || H ( ) |;|  | 0
(B) a sine function
(B) | H () | has multiple maxima, at 1 and
(C) a cosine function
2
(D) a sine-squared function

Page 50 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.4 - Fourier Transform
(C) | H (0) || H () |;|  | 0 (A) e f u (t ) (B) e  f u ( t )
(D) | H () | = constant;      (C) e f u (  f ) (D) e  f u (  f )
AC [GATE-EE2-2014] AA [GATE – EC – 2006]
(24) A function f(t) is shown in the figure. (28) Let x(t )  X ( j) be Fourier Transform
pair. The Fourier Transform of the signal
x(5t  3) in terms of X ( j is given as

1  j53   j 
(A) e X 
5  5 

1 j 35  j 
(B) e X 
5  5 

1  j 3  j  
(C) e X 
The Fourier transform F () of f(t) is
5  5 

(A) real and even function of  . 1 j 3  j 

(D) e X 
(B) real and odd function of  . 5  5 

(C) imaginary and odd function of  . AD [GATE - IN - 2005]

1
(D) imaginary and even function of  . (29) The continuous – time signal x (t ) 
a  t2
2

AA [GATE-EE2-2014] π
(25) A signal is represented by has the Fourier transform exp (  a |  |).
a
1 | t | 1 The signal x (t ) cos( bt ) has the Fourier
x (t )   transform
 0 | t | 1
The Fourier transform of the convolved π
(A) [exp(  a |   b |)  exp
signal is y (t )  x (2t ) * x (t / 2) is 2a
4   (a |  b |)]
(A) 2
sin   sin(2)
  2
π
(B) [exp(  a |  |)  exp(  a |  |)]
4  2a
(B) 2
sin  
 2
π
(C) [exp(  a |  |) cos b]
4 2a
(C) sin (2)
2
π
4 (D) [exp(  a |   b |)  exp
(D) sin 2  2a
2
(a |  b |)]
AD [GATE – EC – 2000]
(26) The Fourier Transform of the signal x (t) = AC [GATE - IN - 2011]
2 (30) Consider the signal
e3t is of the following form where A and B
are constants: et , t0
x(t )  
 Bf 2
(A) Ae (B) A e  Bf
2
0, t0
(C) A  B | f |2 (D) Ae  Bf Let X (  denote the Fourier transform of
this signal. The integral
AC [GATE – EC – 2002]
(27) The Fourier transform F {e  t u ( t )} is equal 1 
X ()d  is
2π 
1  1 
to . Therefore, F   is (A) 0 (B) 1/2
1  j 2 f 1  j 2t 
(C) 1 (D) 

www.targate.org Page 51
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AB [GATE – EC – 2007] Match each of the items 1, 2 on the left with
(31) The frequency response of a linear, time – the most appropriate item A, B, C or D on
invariant system is given by the right.
5
H( f )  . The step response of the AB [GATE – EC – 2004]
1  j10πf (35) Let x (t) and y (t) (with Fourier transforms X
system is (f) and Y (f) respectively) be related as
shown in Fig. (1) & (2)
(A) 5(1  e 5 t ) u ( t )
t
  
(B) 5 1  e 5  u (t )
 
1
(C) (1  e5t )u(t )
5
1
1  
5
(D) 1  e  u(t )
5 
Fig. (1) Fig. (2)
AA [GATE – EC – 2005]
(32) The output y (t) of a linear time invariant Then Y (f) is :
system is related to its input x (t) by the 1
following equation: y(t)=0.5x (A)  X ( f / 2)e j 2 f
(t  td  T )  x(t  td )  0.5 x(t  td  T ). The 2
filter transfer function H () of such a 1
(B)  X ( f / 2)e j 2f
system is given by 2
(A) (1  cos e  j  td (C)  X ( f / 2) e j 2 f
(B) (1  0.5 cos  T ) e  j  td (D)  X ( f / 2) e  j 2 f
(C) (1  cos  T ) e  j  td AD [GATE - EE - 2010]
(36) x(t) is a positive rectangular pulse from t = -1
(D) (1  0.5 cos  T ) e  j  t d to t + 1 with unit height as shown in the

2
AC [GATE – EC – 2003]
(33) Let x (t) be the input to a linear, time-
figure. The value of  X  

d  {where
invariant system. The required output is 4x (t X(  ) is the Fourier transform of x(t)} is
– 2).
The transfer function of the system should be
(A) 4 e j 4 f (B) 2 e  j 8 f

(C) 4 e  j 4 f (D) 2 e j 8 f

A(1-A)(2-C) [GATE – EC – 1997]

(34) If the Fourier Transform of a deterministic (A) 2 (B) π
signal g(t) is G(f) then
(C) 4 (D) 4 π
(1) The Fourier (A) G(f) e
 j (4f )

Transform of g(t AC [IES - EC - 1993]

– 2) is (37) The inverse Fourier transform of


(2) The Fourier (B) G(2f) F ( j )   exp(  jt ) f ( t )dt is

Transform of 

g(t/2) is 
(A) f ( t )   exp(  jt ) F ( j )d 
(C) 2G(2f)


(D) G(f – 2) 
1
(B) f (t )   exp(  jt ) F (  j ) d 
2 

Page 52 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.4 - Fourier Transform
1

AD [IES - EC - 1995]
(C) f (t )   exp(  j t ) F (  j )d  (41) The two inputs to an analogue multiplier are
2 
x(t) and y(t) with Fourier transforms X(f)
1
 and Y(f) respectively. The output z(t) will
(D) f (t )   exp(  jt ) F (  j )d  have a transform Z(f) given by
2 
(A) X(f) . Y(f)
AB [IES - EC - 1994]
(B) X(f) + Y(f)
(38) Which one of the following is the Fourier
transform of the signal given in Fig. (B), if (C) X(f)/Y(f)
the Fourier transform of the signal in Fig.(A) 

sin T1 (D)  X ( )Y ( f   )d 

is given by 2 ? 

AD [IES - EC - 1997]
(42) The Fourier transform of v(t) = cos 0t is
given by
1
(A) V ( f )   ( f  f 0 )
2

Fig. (A) 1
(B) V ( f )   ( f  f 0 )
2
1
(C) V ( f )  [ ( f  f 0 )   ( f  f 0 )]
2
1
(D) V ( f )  [ ( f  f 0 )   ( f  f 0 )]
2
Fig. (B) AA [IES - EC - 1998]
(43) Let F(ω) be the Fourier transform of a
sin T1  jT1
(A) 2 e function f(t), then F(0) is

 
sin T1  jT1 (A) f ( t ) dt (B) f (t )
2
(B) 2 e  
  

sin T1  jT1  

(C) e (C)
2
tf ( t ) dt (D)
 

 tf (t )dt

sin T1  j ( T1 2)
(D) e AD [IES - EC - 1998]

(44) Given that the Fourier transform of f(t) is
AC [IES - EC - 1995] F(jω), which of the following pairs of
(39) Fourier transform F ( j ) of an arbitrary real functions of time and the corresponding
signal has the property. Fourier transforms are correctly matched?
1. f ( t  2)  e j 2 F ( j )
(A) F ( j )  F (  j )
2. f ( 0.5t )  2 F ( 2 j )
(B) F ( j )   F (  j )
t
 1 
* 3.  f ( t ) dt  F ( j )    ( ) 
(C) F ( j )  F (  j )   j 
(D) F ( j )   F * (  j ) Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:
AD [IES - EC - 1995] (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3
(40) The inverse Fourier transform of the function
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
1
F ( )    ( ) is :
j AA [IES - EC - 1999]
(45) Match the list -I (Fourier transforms) with
(A) sint (B) cost List-II (Functions of time) and select the
(C) sgn (t) (D) u(t) correct answer using the codes given below
the lists :

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
List- I 1
(A) (B) j
sin k j
(A) (B) e  jd
 1 1
(C) (D)  ( ) 
1 (1  j ) j
(C) (D) k ( )
( j  2) 2 AB [IES - EC - 2002]
List -II (49) Match List-I (Functions) with List-II (Fourier
transforms) and select the correct answer
1. A constant using the codes given below the lists :
2. Exponential function List – I
3. t - multiplied exponential function A. exp(t)u(t),   0
4. Rectangular pulse
B. exp(  | t |),   0
5. Impulse function
C. t exp( t)u(t),   0
Codes:
A B C D D. exp( j2  t / t 0 )
(A) 4 5 3 1 List - II
(B) 4 5 3 2 1
1.
(C) 3 4 2 1 (  j2f ) 2
(D) 3 4 2 5 1
2.
AC [IES - EC - 2000]   j2f
(46) A voltage signal v(t) has the following
Fourier transforms :  
3.   f  
e jd for   1  t0 
V ( j )  
0 for   1 2
4.
  (2f ) 2
2
The energy that would be dissipated in a 1 Ω
resistor fed from v(t) is Codes:
2
(A) Joules A B C D

2e 2 d (A) 3 1 4 2
(B) Joules
 (B) 2 4 1 3
1 (C) 3 4 1 2
(C) Joules

(D) 2 1 4 3
1
(D) Joules
2 AB [IES - EC - 2002]
2 2
(50) The Fourier transform of et is ef ; then
AA [IES - EC - 2001] 2

(47) The Fourier transform of a double-sided the Fourier transform of et is.
b t
exponential signal x(t) = e 1 2    f
2 2

(A)   e f (B) e

2b  
(A) is
(b   2 )
2
f2
1 2 2 
2 
1
(C) e  f (D)  e
e  j tan (  / b ) 
(B) is
(b 2   2 ) AC [IES - EC - 2002]
(51) The Fourier transform X(f) of the periodic
(C) does not exist
delta functions,
(D) exists only when it is single sided 

AD [IES - EC - 2001]
x (t )   (t  kT )
k 
is :
(48) The Fourier transform of u(t) is

Page 54 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.4 - Fourier Transform

(A) T  ( f  kT )
k 

 k
(B) T    f  T 
k  (B)

1 k
(C)
T
   f  T 
k 

1
(D)
T
   f  kT 
k 

AD [IES - EC - 2004]
(52) What is the Nyquist rate for the signal
(C)
x (t )  cos  2000 πt   3sin  6000 πt  ?

(A) 2 kHz (B) 4 kHz

(C) 12 kHz (D) 6 kHz
AD [IES - EC - 2004]
(53) Match List-I with List-II pertaining to
Fourier Representation Periodicity Properties
and select the correct answer using the codes
given the lists: (D)
List I List II
(Time (Frequency
Domains Domain
Property) Property) AB [IES - EC - 2005]
(55) Match List I (Time Function) with List II
(A) Continuous 1. Periodic (Fourier Spectrum/Fourier Transform) and
(B) Discrete 2. Continuous select the correct answer using the code
given below the Lists:
(C) Periodic 3. Non-periodic
List I List II
(D) Non-periodic 4. Discrete
(Time (Fourier
Codes: Function) Spectrum/Fourier
A B C D Transform)
(A) 3 4 1 2 (A) Periodic 1. Continuous
Function spectrum at all
(B) 2 4 1 3
frequencies
(C) 2 1 4 3
(B) A periodic 2. ()
(D) 3 1 4 2 Function
AD [IES - EC - 2005] (C) Unit Impulse 3. Line discrete
(54) Which one of the following represents the (t) spectrum
phase response of the function
(D) sin t 4. 1
s 2  20
H (s)  2 ? Codes:
s  ( 0 / Q ) s  2
A B C D
(A) 4 2 3 1
(B) 3 1 4 2
(C) 4 1 3 2
(D) 3 2 4 1
(A)
AA [IES - EC - 2005]
(56) A signal represented by
x(t )  5cos 400πt

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
is sampled at a rate 300 sample/s. The (B) Magnitude of X ( f ) has odd symmetry
resulting samples are passed through an ideal while phase of X ( f ) has even symmetry
low pass filter of cut-off frequency 150 Hz.
Which of the following will be contained in (C) Both magnitude and phase of X ( f )
the output of the LPF? have even symmetry
(A) 100 Hz (D) Both magnitude and phase of X ( f )
have odd symmetry
(B) 100 Hz, 150 Hz
(C) 50 Hz 100 Hz AD [IES - EC - 2008]
(60) Which one of the following is the correct
(D) 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 150 Hz relation?
AD [IES - EC - 2006] (A) F (at )  aF ( / a)
(57) Match List-I with List-II and select the
(B) F (at )  aF ( a)
correct answer using the code given
(C) F (t / a)  aF (  a)
List I List II
(D) F (at )  (1 / a) F (  a)
(CT Function) (CT Fourier
Transform) AC [IES - EC - 2008]
(A) 1. (61) The Fourier transform of a function is equal
e  t u (t ) 
to its two-sided Laplace transform evaluated
1  2
(A) On the real axis of the s-plane
(B) 1,| t | 1 2. j X ( j ) (B) On a line parallel to the real axis of the
x (t )  
0,| t | 1 s-plane
(C) On the imaginary axis of the s-plane
(C) dx(t ) 3. 1
(D) On a line parallel to the imaginary axis
dt 1  j of the s-plane
(D) e
t 4. 2sin  AB [IES - EC - 2008]
 (62) If the Fourier transform of f (t ) is f ( j),
Codes: then what is the Fourier transform of
f ( t ) ?
A B C D
(A) F ( j)
(A) 1 4 2 3
(B) F (  j)
(B) 3 2 4 1
(C)  F ( j)
(C) 1 2 4 3
(D) Complex conjugate of F ( j)
(D) 3 4 2 1
AC [IES - EC - 2011]
AA [IES - EC - 2006] (63) An electrical system transfer function has a
(58) What is the inverse Fourier transform of pole at s = –2 and a zero at s = –1 with
u () ? system gain 10. For sinusoidal current
1 1 excitation, voltage response of the system :
(A) (t ) 
2 2πt (A) Is zero
1 (B) Is in phase with the current
(B) ( t )
2 (C) Leads the current
1
(C) 2(t )  (D) Lags behind the current
πt
(D) 2(t )  sgn(t ) AB [IES - EC - 2008]
(64) If f (t ) is an even function, then what is its
AA [IES - EC - 2007] Fourier transform F ( j)?
(59) A real signal x(t) has Fourier transform X(f).

Which one of the following is correct? (A) 
0
f (t )cos(2t )dt
(A) Magnitude of X ( f ) has even symmetry

while phase of X ( f ) has odd symmetry (B) 2 
0
f (t )cos(t )dt

Page 56 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.4 - Fourier Transform
 (C) x *[n] 3. e  j X ( e j )
(C) 2  0
f (t )sin(t )dt
(D) x[n  1] 4. d
 j X (e j  )
(D)  0
f (t )sin(2t )dt d
Codes:
AD [IES - EC - 2004]
(65) What is the output of the system with A B C D
n
1 (A) 1 3 2 4
h[ n]    u ( n) in response to the input
 2 (B) 2 4 1 3
 π (C) 1 4 2 3
x[n]  3  cos  πn   ?
 3
(D) 2 3 1 4
1  π 
(A) y[ n]  3  cos  πn    AB [IES - EC - 2002]
3  3 
(68) Match List-I (Functions in the time domain)
2  π  with List-Ii (Fourier transform of the
(B) y[ n]  3  cos  πn   function) and select the correct answer using
3  3  the codes given below the lists :
2  π  List - I
(C) y[ n]  1  sin  πn   
3  3 
A. Delta Function
2  π  B. Gate Function
(D) y[ n]  6  cos  πn   
3  3 
C. Normalized Gaussian function
AD [IES - EC - 2006]
D. Sinusoidal function
2
(66) If the Fourier transform of x(t) is
 List-II
sin(π then what is the Fourier transform
1. Delta function
of e j 5 t x (t ) ?
2. Gaussian function
2
(A) sin(π)
 5 3. Constant function

2 4. Sampling function
(B) sin{π(  
 Codes:
2 A B C D
(C) sin{π (  5)}
 (A) 1 2 4 3
2 (B) 3 4 2 1
(D) sin{π (  
5 (C) 1 4 2 1
AB [IES - EC - 2007] (D) 3 2 4 1
(67) A discrete-time signal x[n] has Fourier
transform X ( e j ). AC [IES - EC - 1997]
(69) If g(t)  G(f) represents a Fourier transform
Match List-I with List-II and select the pair, then according to the duality property of
correct answer using the code given below Fourier transforms.
the lists:
(A) G(t )  g ( f )
List I List II
(B) G (t )  g * ( f )
(Signal) (Fourier
Transform) (C) G(t )  g (  f )
(A) x[n] 1. X * (e  j
) (D) G ( t )  g * (  f )
(B) nx[ n] 2. X (e  j ) AA, C [GATE – EC – 2008]
(70) The signal x (t) is described by

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
1 for 1  t  1 1
x(t )   h(n)  ( [n]   [n  2])
2
0 otherwise
The magnitude of the response can be
Two of the angular frequencies at which its expressed as
Fourier transform becomes zero are
(A) cos  (B) cos
(A) , 2 (B) 0.5, 1.5 
(C) sin  (D) sin 
(C) 0.  (D) 2 , 2.5
AA[GATE-IN-2007]
AC [IES - EC - 1991] (76) Consider the periodic signal
(71) The Fourier transform of the function Sgn(t) x  t   1  0.5cos 40 t  cos 200t where t is
defined in the Fig. is in seconds. The fundamental frequency in Hz
is
(A) 20 (B) 40
(C) 100 (D) 200
AMTA[GATE–S1–EE–2017]
 t   t  , t0
(77) Consider g  t    , where
2 4  t   t  , otherwise
(A)  (B)
j j t  R . Here  t  represents the largest
2 1 integer less than or equal to t and  t 
(C) (D) 1
j j denotes the smallest integer greater than or
equal to t. The coefficient of the second
AB [IES - EC - 2009]
FT
harmonic component of the Fourier series
(72) When y (t )  Y ( j ); representing g(t) is _________.
FT
x (t )  X ( j );
AC [GATE – IN – 2018]
FT
h (t )  H ( j ); (78) The Fourier transform of a signal x(t),
What is Y ( j ) ? denoted by X ( j) , is shown in the figure.
X ( j )
(A)
H ( j )
(B) X ( j ) H ( j )
(C) X ( j )  H ( j )
(D) X ( j )  H ( j )

AC [IES - EC - 2010]
(73) The Fourier transform of unit step sequence
is
Let y (t )  x(t )  e jt x(t ) . The value of Fourier
1 transform of y (t ) evaluated at the angular
(A) π() (B)
1  e  j frequency   0.5 rad/s is
1 (A) 0.5 (B) 1
(C) π ( )  (D) 1  e  j 
1  e  j (C) 1.5 (D) 2.5
AB [IES - EC - 2011] A9 [GATE-IN-2019]
(74) What are the gain and phase angle of a (79) The output of a continuous-time system y(t)
system having the transfer function G(s) = (s is related to its input x(t) as
+ 1) at a frequency of 1 rad/sec ?
1
(A) 0.41 and 00 (B) 1.41 and 450
y (t )  x(t )  x(t  1) . If the Fourier
2
(C) 1.41 and –450 (D) 2.41 and 900 transforms of x(t) and y(t) are X (  ) and
Y () respectively and | X (0) |2  4 , the
AB [IES - EC - 2012]
(75) The impulse response of a discrete time value of | Y (0) |2 is _____.
system is given by
-------0000-------

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 05
Laplace Transform
Theoretical Problem II. There is no causal and BIBO stable
system with a pole in the right half of
AB [IES - EC - 1998] the complex plane.
(1) The impulse response of a single-pole system
Which one among the following is correct?
would approach a non-zero constant as
t  if and only if the pole is located in the (A) Both I and II are true
s-plane (B) Both I and II are not true
(A) on the negative real axis
(C) Only I is true
(B) at the origin
(C) on the positive real axis (D) Only II is true
(D) on the imaginary axis AD [GATE–S2–EC–2017]
(5) A second order LTI system is described by
AA [GATE – EC – 1995] the following state equations
(2) The final value theorem is used to find the
(A) steady state value of the system output d
x1 (t )  x2 (t )  0
(B) initial value of the system output dt
(C) transient behaviour of the system output d
x2 (t )  2 x1 (t )  3x2 (t )  r (t )
(D) none of these dt

AB [IES - EC - 2010] where x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) are the two state

(3) Consider the following statements: variables and r(t) denotes the input. The
output c (t )  x1 (t ) . The system is :
1. The Laplace transform of the unit
impulse function is s  Laplace (A) undamped (oscillatory)
transform of the unit ramp function.
(B) underdamped
2. The impulse function is a time
(C) critically damped
derivative of the ramp function.
(D) overdamped
3. The Laplace transform of the unit
impulse function is sLaplace
transform of the unit step function.
***********
4. The impulse function is a time
derivative of the unit step function.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only (B) 3 and 4 only
(C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
AD [GATE–S1–EC–2017]
(4) Consider the following statements for
continuous-time linear time invariant (LTI)
systems.
I. There is no bounded input bounded
output (BIBO) stable system with a pole
in the right half of the complex plane.

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
Numerical Problem (A) 0 (B) 0.5
(C) 1 (D) 2
AB [IES - EC - 1993]
(1) Given the Laplace transform, V(s) = AC [GATE - EE - 2002]
 (6) Let Y(s) be the Laplace transformation of the
 st
e v ( t ) dt . The inverse transform v(t) is function y(t), then the final value of the
0 function is
  j
estV ( s )ds (A) lim Y ( s ) (B) lim Y ( s )
(A) 
  j
s 0 s 

  j (C) lim sY ( s ) (D) lim sY ( s )

1 s 0 s
(B)  e stV ( s )ds
2 j   j AB [IES - EC - 1994]
1
 (7) In Laplace transform, the variable 's' equals
(C) e stV ( s )ds
2 j 0
(  j ) . Which of the following represents
the true nature of σ ?
  j
1
(D)  e stV ( s)ds 1. σ has a damping effect.
2 j   j
2. σ is responsible for convergence of

AB [GATE – EC – 2014] integral  st
(2) A stable linear time invariant(LTI) system  f (t )e
0
dt
1
has a transfer function H(s) = 2 . To 3. σ has a value less than zero
s s6
make this system causal it needs to be Select the correct answer using the codes
cascaded with another LTI system having a given below:
transfer function H1  s  . A correct choice for
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2
H1  s  among the following options is
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1 and 3
(A) s + 3 (B) s – 2
AD [GATE – EE – 2004]
(C) s – 6 (D) s + 1 5
(8) Consider the function, F(s) =
AFALSE [GATE – EC – 1994]
2
s s  3s  2  
(3) Indicate whether the following statement is where F(s) is the Laplace transform of the
TRUE/FALSE. Give reason for our answer. function f(t). The initial value of f(t) is equal
If G(s) is a stable transfer function, then T(s) to
1
= is always a stable transfer function 5
G (s) (A) 5 (B)
2
AC [GATE – EC – 1995] 5
(4) The transfer function of a linear system is the (C) (D) 0
3
(A) ratio of the output. v0 (t ) and input
AB [GATE – EE/IN – 2013]
v1 (t )
(9) Assuming zero initial condition, the response
(B) ratio of the derivatives of the output and y(t) of the system given below to a unit step
the input input u(t) is
(C) ratio of the Laplace transform of the
output and that of the input with all
initial conditions zeros
(D) none of these
AA [GATE - EE - 2008] (A) u(t) (B) t u(t)
(5) The transfer function of a linear time t2
invariant system is given as (C) u t  (D) e  t u  t 
2
1
G ( s)  2 AC [GATE – EE/IN – 2013]
s  3s  2
(10) Which one of the following statements is
The steady state value of the output of this
NOT TRUE for a continuous time causal and
system for a unit impulse input applied at
stable LTI system?
time instant t = 1 will be

Page 60 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.5 - Laplace Transform
(A) All the poles of the system must lie on 1 1
(A) (B)
the left side of the j axis 30 15
(B) Zeros of the system can lie anywhere in 3 4
the s-plane. (C) (D)
4 3
(C) All the poles must lie within s  1
AB [GATE – EE – 2014]
(D) All the roots of the characteristic (15) Consider an LTI system with impulse
equation must be located on the left side response h  t   e 5 t u  t  . If the output of the
of the j axis. system is y  t   e  3t u  t   e 5 t u  t  then the
input, x(t) is given by
AC [GATE – EC – 1987]
(11) Laplace transforms of the functions tu(t) and (A) e  3t u  t  (B) 2 e  3t u  t 
u(t)sin(t) are respectively:
(C) e  5 t u  t  (D) 2 e  5 t u  t 
1 s 1 1
(A) 2 , 2 (B) , 2
s s 1 s s 1 AB [GATE – EC/IN – 2013]
1 1 s (16) The impulse response of a continuous time
(C) 2
, 2 (D) s, 2 system is given by h  t     t  1    t  3  .
s s 1 s 1
The value of the step response at t = 2 is
AA [GATE – EC – 1996]
(12) The inverse Laplace transform of the (A) 0 (B) 1
function (C) 2 (D) 3
s5 A-0.01to0.01 [GATE – EC – 2014]
is
 s  1s  3  (17) The input 3e  2 t u  t  , where u(t) is the unit
step function , is applied to a system with
(A) 2e  t  e 3t
s2
transfer function . If the initial value of
(B) 2e  t  e3t s3
the output is -2, then the value of the output
(C) e  t  2e 3t at steady state is _______.
(D) e  t  2e3t AA [GATE – EC – 1997]
A0.99to1.01 [GATE – EC – 2014] (18) The Laplace transform of e t cos   t  is
(13) A causal LTI system has zero initial equal
conditions and impulse response h(t). Its
input y(t) and output x(t) are related thorough (A)
s   
the linear constant-coefficient differential s     2 2

equation.
s  
d2 y  t  dy  t  (B)
dt 2

dt
  y t  x t
2
s     2 2

Let another signal g(t) be defined as 1

(C)
s  2
t
dh  t 
g  t    2  h    d   h  t  (D) none of these
0
dt
AB [GATE – EC – 1999]
If G(s) is the Laplace transform of g(t), then (19) If £[f(t)] = F(s), then £[f(t – T)] is equal to
the number of poles of G(s) is _______
(A) e sT F  s  (B) e  sT F  s 
AB [GATE – EE – 2014]
(14) Consider an LTI system with transfer F s  Fs
function (C) (D)
1 e sT
1  esT
1
H s   AC [GATE – EC – 2003]
s s  4  (20) The Laplace transform of i(t) is given by
If the input to the system is cos(3t) and the 2
I s  
steady state output is A sin  3t    , then the s 1  s 
value of A is As t   , the value of i(t) would be:
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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(A) 0 (B) 1 dx
 10  0.2x with initial conduction x(0) =
(C)  1  f     1 (D)  dt
1. The response x(t) for t > 0 is
AA [GATE – EC – 2011] (A) 2  e 0.2 t
(21) If the unit step response of a network is
(B) 2  e 0.2 t
1  et  , then its unit impulse response is (C) 50  49e 0.2 t
(A) et (D) 50  49e0.2t

(B) 1   1 t
e  AC [GATE – EC – 2015]
(25) Let the signal f(t) = 0 outside the interval

(C) 1  
1
e t
 T1 , T2  , where T1 and T2 are finite.
Furthermore, f  t    . The region of
(D) 1    e  t
convergence (ROC) of the signal’s bilateral
AB [GATE – EC – 2013] Laplace transform F(s) is
(22) A system is described by the differential (A) a parallel strip containing the j axis
d2 y dy
equation 2
 5  dy  t   x  t  . Let x(t) (B) a parallel strip not containing the j
dt dt
axis
be a rectangular pulse given by
(C) the entire s-plane
1 0  t  2 (D) a half plane containing the j axis
x t  
0 otherwise
AA [GATE – IN – 2005]
dy (26) Identify the transfer function corresponding
Assuming that y(0)=0 and  0 at t = 0,
dt to an all-pass filter from the following:
the Laplace transform of y(t) is 1  s 1  s1
2s (A) (B)
e 1  s 1  s2
(A)
s  s  2 s  3 1 s
(C) (D)
1 e 2s 1  s 1  s
(B)
s  s  2 s  3 AA [GATE – IN – 2007]
(27) Let the signal x(t) have the Fourier transform
e2s
(C) d
 s  2 s  3 Consider the signal yt   x  t  t d 
dt 
1  e2s (Where t d is an arbitrary delay)
(D)
 s  2 s  3 The magnitude of the fourier transform of
y(t) is given by the expression
AA [GATE – EC – 2014]
(23) A system is described by the following (A) X   
differential equation, where u(t) is the input
to the system and y(t) is the output of the (B) X   .
system
(C) 2 . X  
y  t   5y  t   u  t 
 jt
(D)  X   e d
When y(0) = 1 and u(t) is a unit step
function, y(t) is
AD [GATE – IN – 2013]
(A) 0.2  0.8e 5t (28) The Laplace Transform representation of the
triangular pulse shown below is
(B) 0.2  0.2e 5t
(C) 0.8  0.2e5t
(D) 0.8  0.8e 5 t
AC [GATE – EC – 2015]
(24) Consider the differential equation

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 Topic.5 - Laplace Transform
1 0
(A) 1  e 2s  F(s) = Re[s] > 0
s2  s  02
2

1
(B) 1  e  s  e 2s 
2  The final value of f (t) would be:
s
1 (A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 1  e  s  2e 2s 
s2 
(C) 1  f ()  1 (D) 
1
(D) 1  2e  s  e 2s  AD [GATE - EE/EC/IN - 2012]
s2 
(34) The unilateral Laplace transform of f(t) is
AC [GATE – EC2 – 2015] 1
(29) The bilateral Laplace transform of a function 2
. The unilateral Laplace transform
s  s 1
1 if a  t  b of t f(t) is
f (t)   is
 0 otherwise
s
ab Z
e (a  b) (A) 2
(A)
s
(B)
s
s 2
 s  1

e  as  e  bs e (a b) 2s  1
(C) (D) (B) 
s s ( s  s  1)2
2

AA [GATE - IN - 2004] s
(C)
(30) Consider the following systems: ( s  s  1)2
2

1 2s  1
System 1 : G(s) = (D)
(2 s  1) ( s  s  1)2
2

1 AA [GATE - EE - 2005]
System 2 : G(s) =
(5 s  1) (35) The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is
The true statement regarding the system is 5s 2  23s  6
F(s) = . As t  , f(t)
s ( s 2  2 s  2)
(A) Bandwidth of system 1 is greater than the approaches
bandwidth of system 2 (A) 3 (B) 5
(B) Bandwidth of system 1 is lower than the
(C) 17/2 (D) 
bandwidth of system 2
(C) Bandwidth of both the systems are the AC [GATE - EE - 2011]
same (36) The Laplace transform of g(t) is
(D) Bandwidth of both the systems are 1 3s 5 s
infinite (A) (e  e )
s
AA [GATE – EC – 1998]
1 5 s 3s
(31) If L[ f ( t )]     s   2 ) , then the value of
2
(B) (e  e )
s
lim f (t )
t 
e 3 s
(A) cannot be determined (B) is zero (C) (1  e 2 s )
s
(C) is unity (D) is infinite 1 5 s 3s
(D) (e  e )
AD [GATE– EC – 2007] s
(32) If the Laplace transform of a signal y (t) is
1 AC [GATE - EE - 2000]
Y(s) = , then its final value is (37) A linear time-invariant system initially at
s ( s  1) rest, when subjected to a unit-step input,
(A) -1 (B) 0 gives a response y(t) = te  t , t  0. The
(C) 1 (D) Unbounded transfer function of the system is

AC [GATE – EC – 2006] 1 1
(A) (B)
(33) Consider the function f (t) having Laplace ( s  1) 2 s ( s  1) 2
transform

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
s 1 AC [GATE - EE - 1998]
(C) (D)
( s  1) 2 s ( s  1) (42) The Laplace transform of (t 2  2t )u (t  1) is
 s 2 s
AA [GATE - EE - 2002] (A) e  2e
(38) The transfer function of the system described s3 s
d 2 y dy du 2 2 s 2  s
by    2u with u as input and (B) e  2e
dt 2 dt dt s3 s
y as output is 2 s 1 s
(C) 3 e  e
( s  2) ( s  1) s s
(A) (B)
( s 2  s) ( s 2  s) (D) None of the above

2 2s AB [IES - EC - 1997]
(C) 2
(D) 2 (43) If δ(t) denotes a unit impulse, then the
( s  s) ( s  s)
d 2 ( t )
Laplace transform of will be
AA [GATE – EC – 2005] dt 2
(39) In what range should Re(s) remain so that the (A) 1 (B) s 2
Laplace transform of the function of the
( a 2) t 5
(C) s (D) s  2
function e exists?
AB [IES - EC - 1994]
(A) Re(s) > a + 2 (44) Which one of the following is the correct
(B) Re(s) > a + 7 Laplace transform of the signal in the given
(C) Re(s) < 2 Fig.?
(D) Re(s) > a + 5
Common Data for the Next two Questions:
Given f(t) and g(t) as shown below:

1
(A) [1  e2 s (1  2s )
2s2
1 2s
(B) 2 [e  1  2s]
2s
AD [GATE - EE - 2010] 1 2s
(C) 2 [e  1  2s]
(40) g(t) can be expressed as 2s
(A) g(t) = f (2t  3) 1 2 s
(D) 2 [1  e  2s]
t 2s
(B) g (t )  f   3 
2 AD [IES - EC - 1999]
(45) Laplace transform of sin (t   ) u(t) is
 3
(C) g (t )  f  2t  
 2 
(A) exp( s /  )
s 2
2
 t 3
(D) g (t )  f   
2 2 
(B) exp( s /  )
s  2
2

AC [GATE - EE - 2010]
(41) The Laplace transform of g(t) is s
(C) exp( s /  )
s 2
2
1 3s
(A)
s
 e  e5s  (D) None
1 AA [IES - EC - 2000]
(B)  e 5s  e 3s 
s (46) Which one of the following transfer
e 3s functions represents the critically damped
(C)
s

1  e 2s  system?
1 1
(D)  e5s  e3s  (A) H1 ( s ) 
s 2
s  4s  4

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 Topic.5 - Laplace Transform
1 AB [GATE – EE2 – 2015]
(B) H 2 ( s )  2
s  3s  4 (51) The Laplace transform of f (t)  2 t /  is
1 s3/ 2 . The Laplace transform of g(t) = 1/ t
(C) H 3 ( s )  2
s  2s  4 3s –5/2
(A) (B) s–1/2
1 2
(D) H 4 ( s )  2
s s4 (C) s1/2 (D) s3/2
AA [IES - EC - 2005] AC [GATE – EC – 1994]
(47) What is the Laplace transform of the (52) The Laplace transform of a unit ramp
waveform shown below? function starting at t = a, is

1 e as
(A) (B)
( s  a )2 ( s  a )2
e  as a
(C) (D)
s2 s2
AB [GATE – EC – 1995]
2( s  1)
1 1  s 2 2 s (53) If L [f (t)] = 2
, then f (0+) and
(A) F (s )   e  e s  2s  5
s s s f () are given by
1 1  s 2 2 s
(B) F (s )   e  e (A) 0, 2 respectively
s s s
(B) 2, 0 respectively
1 1 s 2 2s
(C) F (s)   e  e (C) 0, 1 respectively
s s s
(D) 2/5, 0 respectively
1 1 2 s 2  s
(D) F (s )   e  e Note: ‘L’ stands for [‘Laplace transform of ’]
s s s
AA [GATE – EC – 1997]
AD [IES - EC - 2007] (54) The Laplace Transform of e t cos( t ) is
(48) What is the output as t  for a system that
equal to
2
has a transfer function G ( s)  2 ; (s   )
s s2 (A)
when subjected to a step input? (s   )2   2
(A) -1 (B) 1 (s   )
(B)
(C) 2 (D) Unbounded (s   )2   2
1
AB [IES - EC - 2011] (C)
(49) What is the unit impulse response of the ( s   )2
system shown in figure for t  0 ? (D) none of the above
AB [GATE – EC – 1999]
(55) If L[f (t)] = F(s), then L [f (t – T)] is equal to
(A) e sT F ( s ) (B) e  sT F ( s )
t t
(A) 1  e (B) 1  e
F (s) F (s)
(C) e t
(D) e t (C) (D)
1  esT 1  e  sT
A–2 [GATE – EC2 – 2015] AB [GATE – EC – 1998]
(50) Let x(t) =  s(t) +  s(–t) with s(t) = e-4t (56) The transfer function of a zero – order – hold
u(t), where u(t) is unit step function . If the system is
bilateral Laplace transform of x(t) is (A) (1 / s )(1  e  sT )
16 (B) (1 / s )(1  e  sT )
X(S)  2
 4  Re{s}  4
S  16 (C) 1  (1 / s ) e  sT
Then the value of  is _____. (D) 1  (1 / s ) e  sT

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AB [GATE – EC – 2000] AD [GATE - EE - 2001]
(57) Given that (61) Given the relationship between the input u(t)
and the output y(t) to be
s2
L [f (t)] = , t
s2 1 3(t  τ )

2
y (t ) =  (2  t  τ )e u( τ )dτ
s 1 0
L [g (t)] =
( s  3)( s  2) the transfer function Y(s)/U(s) is :
t
h (t) =  f (  g (t   ) d , 2e 2 s s2
0 (A) (B)
s3 ( s  3) 2
L [h (t)] is
2s  5 2s  7
s2  1 (C) (D)
(A) s3 ( s  3) 2
s3
AC [GATE - IN - 2010]
1
(B) (62) u(t) represents the unit step function. The
s 3 Laplace transform of u ( t  τ ) is
s2 1 s2 1 1
(C)  2 (A) (B)
( s  3)( s  2) s  1 sτ sτ
(D) None of the above e  sτ
(C) (D) esτ
AA [GATE - IN - 2003] s
(58) The transfer function of a second order band
AB [GATE – EC – 1988]
– pass filter, having a centre frequency of
(63) The Laplace transform of a function f (t) u
1000 rad/s, selectivity of 100 and a gain of 0
(t). Where f (t) is periodic with period T, is
dB at the centre frequency, is
A(s) times the Laplace transform of its first
10 s period. Then
(A)
s  10 s  10 6
2
(A) A(s) = s
s (B) A(s) = 1/ (1  exp(Ts))
(B)
s  s  10 6
2
(C) A(s) = 1/ (1  exp(Ts))
100 s (D) A(s) = exp(Ts )
(C)
s  100 s  107
2

A* [GATE – EC – 1993]
100 s (64) The Laplace transform of the periodic
(D) 2
s  100 s  106 function f(t) described by the curve below,
i.e.
AC [GATE – EC – 2003]
(59) The Laplace transform of i (t) is given by sin t if (2n  1)  t  2n(n  1, 2,3...)
f (t )  
2 0 otherwise
I(s) = is_______ (fill in the blank)
s (1  s )
As t   , the value of i (t) tends to
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 
AA [GATE – EC – 1988]
(60) The transfer function of a zero-order hold is
1  exp(Ts)
(A)
s AD [GATE – EC – 1993]
K
(B) 1/s (65) If F(s) = L [f (t)] = then
( s  1)( s 2  4)
(C) 1
lim f (t ) is given by
t
(D) 1/ [-exp (-Ts)]

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 Topic.5 - Laplace Transform
(A) K/4 (B) zero AD [GATE - EE - 1999]
(71) A rectangular current pulse of duration T and
(C) infinite (D) undefined
magnitude 1 has the Laplace transform
AD [GATE – EC – 2002] (A) 1/s
(66) The Laplace transform of a continuous-time
(B) (1/s) exp(-Ts)
5 s
signal x (t) is X(s) = 2
. If the (C) (1/s)exp(Ts)
s s2
(D) (1/s)[1 – exp(-Ts)]
Fourier transform of this signal exists, then x
(t) is AB [GATE - EE - 2005]
(72) For the equation  x ( t )  3 x (t )  2 x (t )  5,
(A) e 2 t u (t )  2e  t u (t )
the solution x(T) approaches which of the
(B)  e 2 t u ( t )  2 e  t u (t ) following values as t   ?
(C)  e 2 t u ( t )  2 e  t u (t ) (A) 0 (B) 5/2
(D) e 2 t u ( t )  2 e  t u (t )
(C) 5 (D) 10
AB [GATE – EC – 2009] AD [GATE - EE - 2006]
(67) Given that F(s) is the one-sided Laplace (73) The running integrator, given by y(t) =
transform of f (t), the Laplace transform t
t
of  f ( ) d  is
 x ( ) d 

0
(A) Has no finite singularities in its double
(A) sF(s) – f (0) sided Laplace Transform Y(s)
1 (B) Produces a bounded output for every
(B) F(s)
s causal bounded input
s
(C)  F (  d  (C) Produces a bounded output for every
0
anticausal bounded input
1
(D) [F(s) – f (0)] (D) Has no finite zeros in its double sided
s Laplace Transform Y(s)
AD [GATE – EC – 2010] AB [GATE - EE - 2011]
1  3s  1  (74) Let the Laplace transform of a function f(t)
(68) Given f (t) = L  3 2  . If which exists for t>0 be F1(s) and the Laplace
 s  4 s  ( K  3) s  transform of its delayed version f(t - τ ) be
lim f (t )  1, then the value of K is
t  F2 ( s ). F1 * ( s ) be the complex conjugate of
(A) 1 (B) 2 F1 (s) with the Laplace variable set as
(C) 3 (D) 4 F2 ( s).F1 * ( s )
s    j. If G(s) = , then
| F1 ( s ) |2
AB [GATE – EC – 2011]
2( s  1) the inverse Laplace transform of G(s) is
(69) If F(s) = L[f(t)] = then the initial
2
s  4s  7 (A) An ideal impulse (t )
and final values of f (t) are respectively
(B) An ideal delayed impulse  ( t  τ )
(A) 0, 2 (B) 2, 0
(C) 0, 2/7 (D) 2/7, 0 (C) An ideal step function u(t)

AD [GATE - EE - 1995] (D) An ideal delayed step function u ( t  τ )

(70) The Laplace transformation of f(t) is F(s).
AD [IES - EC - 1991]
 (75) The Laplace transform of the waveform
Given F(s) = 2 , the final value of f(t)
s  2 shown in the Fig. is
is
(A) infinity
(B) zero
(C) one
(D) none of these

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
1 X ( s) X ( s)
(A) V ( s )  (C) Lim (D) Lim
(1  e  as ) s  s s 0 s
 as
e  as  AC [IES - EC - 1997]
(B) V ( s )   1  e2  
 2s s  (80) Given that h(t) = 10 e 10 t u( t ) , and e(t) = sin
10t u(t), the Laplace transform of the signal
 as
(C) V ( s )   1  e  t

2
 f (t )   h (t   ) e( )d is given by
   0

 1  e  as e as  1 10
(D) V ( s )     (A)
 as
2
s  (1  e  as ) ( s  10)( s 2  100)

AA [IES - EC - 1992] 10( s  10)

(B)
(76) Assertion (A): The Laplace transform of ( s 2  100)

e  at sin  t is 100
( s  a )2   2 (C)
( s  10)( s 2  100)
Reason (R) : If the Laplace transform of f(t)
= F(s), then Laplace transform of eat f(t) is 1
(D)
F(s + a) ( s  10)( s 2  100)
Codes:
AD [IES - EC - 1998]
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the (81) Of the following transfer functions of second
correct explanation of A order liner time-invariant systems, the
underdamped system is represented by
(B) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the
correct explanation of A 1
(A) H ( s )  2
(C) A is true but R is false s  4s  4
(D) A is false but R is true 1
(B) H ( s )  2
AA [IES - EC - 1995] s  5s  4
(77) The following table gives some time 1
functions and their Laplace transforms: (C) H ( s )  2
s  4.5s  4
f(t) F(s)
1
1.  ( t ) ....................... s (D) H ( s )  2
s  3s  4
2. u(t) ................... 1/s
AB [IES - EC - 1998]
3.t u(t) ................... 2 / s2
dx(t)
4. t 2u(t ) .................... 2 / s3 (82) If x(t) and are Laplace transformable
dt
Of these , the correctly matched pair are and Lim x ( t ) exists, then Lim x ( t ) is equal
t  t 
(A) 2 and 4 (B) 1 and 4 to
(C) 3 and 4 (D) 1 and 2
(A) Lim sX ( s ) (B) Lim sX ( s )
s  s 0
AC [IES - EC - 1995]
2s  1 X ( s) X ( s)
1
(78) The final value of L 4 is (C) Lim (D) Lim
s  8s3  16s 2  s s  s s 0 s
(A) infinity (B) 2 AD [IES - EC - 1998]
(83) The transfer function of an active network
(C) 1 (D) zero
with gain 'K' is given by:
AA [IES - EC - 1997] V2 ( s) K
(79) If x(t) and its first derivative are Laplace  2 2 2
transformable and the Laplace transform of V1 ( s ) s C R  sCR  (3  K )  1
x(t) is X(s), then Lim x ( t ) is given by Assertion (A): The network is unstable for
t 0
all values of K.
(A) Lim sX ( s ) (B) Lim sX ( s )
s  s 0 Reason (R): The poles of the network
function depend on the parameter K.

Page 68 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.5 - Laplace Transform
Codes:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A
es
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT a A. 1.
s 1
correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
AD [IES - EC - 1999]
(84) The function f(t) shown in the given Fig. will 1
B. 2.
have Laplace transform as 2
s  s 1

2
C. 3.
( s  1) 2

1 1  s 1 2 s
(A)  e  2e
s2 s s
1 1
(B) (1  e s  e 2 s ) D. 4.
s2 2
s s
1
(C) (1  e  s  e 2 s )
s
1
(D) 2
(1  e s  se2 s )
s 5.
AA [IES - EC - 1999] Codes:
(85) Inverse Laplace transform of the function A B C D
2s  5 (A) 3 4 1 2
2
is :
s  5s  6
(B) 5 2 3 4
(A) 2exp( 2.5t ).cosh(0.5t )
(C) 3 2 1 4
(B) exp( 2 t ).cos( 3t )
(D) 5 4 3 2
(C) 2 exp( 2.5t )sinh(0.5t )
AD [IES - EC - 2001]
(D) 2exp( 2.5t )cos0.5t (88) Which one of the following transfer
functions does correspond to a non-minimum
AD [IES - EC - 2000]
phase system?
(86) The output of a linear system to a unit step
input u(t) is t 2e2t . s s 1
(A) 2
(B) 2
The system function H(s) is s  2s  1 s  2s  1
2 s s 1 s 1
(A) (B) (C) 2
(D) 2
2
s ( s  2) ( s  2) 2 s  2s  1 s  2s  1
2 2s AB [IES - EC - 2003]
(C) (D) (89) The relationship between the input x(t) and
( s  2) 3 ( s  2) 3
the output y(t) of a system is
AC [IES - EC - 2000]
(87) Match List - I (System function) with List - d2y d2x
II (Impulse response) and select the correct  x (t  2)u (t  2) 
dt 2 dt 2
answer using the codes given the Lists:
The transfer function for system is

www.targate.org Page 69
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
s2 e 2 s 2. Lf (t ) 
 dF ( s )
(A) 1  (B) 1 
e2s s ds
3. L(t  a) f (t )  asF (s )
e2s s2
(C) 1  2 (D) 1  2 s dF (t )
s e 4. L  sF ( s )  f (0  )
dt
AC [IES - EC - 2003] Select the correct answer using the codes
 27 s  97  given below:
(90) If  2  is the Laplace transform of (A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1, 2 and 4
 s  33s 
(D) 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 3 and 4
f (t ), then f (0  ) is
AB [IES - EC - 2004]
97 (94) What is the inverse Laplace transform of
(A) Zero (B)
33 e  as
?
(C) 27 (D) infinity s

AD [IES - EC - 2003] (A) e at

(91) Match List I with List II (and select the (B) u (t  a)
correct answer using the codes given
below the Lists: (C) (t  a )
List I List II (D) (t  a )u (t  a )
(F(s)) ( f (t ) ) AD [IES - EC - 2004]
(A) 10 1. 10(t ) (95) Laplace transforms of f (t ) and g (t ) are F(s)
and G(s), respectively. Which one of the
s ( s  10)
following expressions gives the inverse
(B) 10 2. ( e 10 t cos10 t ).u (t ) Laplace transform of F(s) G(s)?
2
s( s  10) f (t )
(A) f (t ) g (t ) (B)
3. (sin10t ).u (t ) g (t )
(C) ( s  10)
( s  10) 2  100 (C) f ( t )  g (t ) (D) f (t ) * g (t )

(D) 10 4. (1  e 10 t ).u (t ) AB [IES - EC - 2005]

(96) For the signal shown below:
Codes:
A B C D
(A) 3 4 1 2
(B) 4 3 1 2
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 4 3 2 1 (A) Only Fourier transform exists
AD [IES - EC - 2003] (B) Only Laplace transform exists
(92) The Laplace transform of sin  t  is (C) Both Laplace and Fourier transforms
exist
s 2 (D) Neither Laplace transform nor Fourier
(A) (B)
s  2
2
s 2  2 transform exists

s2  AB [IES - EC - 2006]
(C) (D) (97) What is the Laplace transform of
s 2  2 s  2
2

AB [IES - EC - 2003] x ( t )   e 2 t u ( t ) * (tu (t )) ?


(93) Given : Lf (t )  F ( s )   f (t )e  st dt 1 1
0 (A) 2
(B) 2
s ( s  2) s ( s  2)
Which of the following expression are
correct? 1 1
(C) 2
(D)
1. L[ f (t  a )u (t  a )]  F ( s )e  sa s ( s  2) s ( s  2)

Page 70 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.5 - Laplace Transform
AA [IES - EC - 2006]
(98) The Laplace transform of the waveform
shown in the figure. Is (B)

(C)
1
2
(1  Ae  s  Be 4s  Ce 6s  De8s )
s
What is the value of D ?
(A) – 0.5 (B) – 1.5
(C) 0.5 (D) 2.0 (D)

AB [IES - EC - 2006]
8s  10
(99) What is F ( s )  is equal to
( s  1)( s  2)3 AC [IES - EC - 2007]
2 4 4 2 (102) What is the Laplace transform of a delayed
(A)  3
 2
 unit impulse function (t  1) ?
s  1 ( s  2) ( s  2) s2
(A) 1 (B) zero
2 6 2 2
(B)   
3
s  1 ( s  2) ( s  2) 2
( s  2) (C) exp ( s) (D) s

2 6 2 2 AB [IES - EC - 2008]
(C)   
3
s  1 ( s  2) ( s  2) 2
s2 (103) What is the Laplace transform of cos   0 t  ?

4 6 2 4 0 s
(D)    (A) (B)
3
s  1 ( s  2) ( s  2) 2
s2 s   20
2
s   20
2

AB [IES - EC - 2006] 0 s
(C) (D)
(100) For the function x (t ), x ( s ) is given by ( s  0 ) 2 ( s  0 ) 2

 2  B [IES - EC - 2008]
x(s )  e s   (104) A voltage having the Laplace transform
 s ( s  2) 
4s 2  3s  2
Then, what are the initial and final and final is applied across a 2H inductor
7s 2  6s  5
values of x(t ), respectively? having zero initial current. What is the
(A) 0 and 1 (B) 0 and - 1 current in the inductor at t  ?
(C) 1 and 1 (D) – 1 and 0 (A) Zero (B) (1/5) A

AC [IES - EC - 2006] (C) (2/7) A (D) (2/5) A

(101) The Laplace transform X(s) of a function x(t)
AC [IES - EC - 2008]
is : (105) Match List-I (Function in time domain f(t)]
 1  e sT  with List-II (Property of F(s)) and select the
X ( s)    correct answer using the code given below
 s  the lists
Which is the wave shape of x(t )? List - I
A. sin  0 t u(t  t 0 )

B. sin 0 (t  t 0 ) u(t  t 0 )
(A)
C. sin 0 (t  t 0 ) u(t)

D. sin  0 t u (t)

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
List - II AA [IES - EC - 2012]
0 (109) A system described by the following
1. differential equation is initially at rest and
s  20
2
then excited by the input
   d2y dy
2.  2 0 2  e  t 0s x (t )  3u( t ) :
2
 4  3 y  x (t )
 s  0  dt dt
The output y(t) is
e  t 0s
  
3. sin  0 t 0  tan 1 0  (A) 1  1.5e  t  0.5e 3t
s 2
 2
0
s 
(B) 1  0.5e  t  1.5e 3t
1   (C) 1  1.5e  t  0.5e 3t
4. sin  0 t 0  tan 1 0 
s 2
 2 s 
0 (D) 1  0.5e  t  1.5e 3t
Codes: AB [IES - EC - 2012]
A B C D (110) If F(s) and G(s) are the Laplace transforms of
(A) 3 1 4 2 f(t) and g(t) , then their product F(s).G(s) =
(B) 4 2 3 1 H(s), where H(s) is the Laplace transform of
3 2 4 1 h(t), is d
(C)
(D) 4 1 3 2 (A) (f.g)(t)
t
AB [IES - EC - 2010] (B)  f ( ) g ( t   ) d
0
(106) The output of a linear system for step input is
t 2et , then the transfer function is (C) Both (A) and (B) are correct

s 2s (D) f(t).g(t)
(A) (B)
( s  1)2 ( s  1)3 AA [IES - EC - 2012]
(111) Consider a system with transfer function
s 1
(C) (D)
2
s ( s  1) ( s  1)3 3s 2  2
H (s) 
s 2  3s  2
AB [IES - EC - 2011]
(107) Consider a second order all-pole transfer The step response of the system is given by
function model, if the desired settling time (A) C (t )  5e2t  e t  1
(5%) is 0.60 sec and the desired damping
ratio 0.707, where should the poles be (B) C (t )  3 (t )  10e 2t  e  t
located in s-plane? (C) C (t )  4e t  e 2t  1
(A)  5  j4 2 (B) 5  j5 (D) C (t )  2(1  e 2 t )
(C)  4  j5 2 (D) 4  j7
AC [IES - EC - 2012]
AA [IES - EC - 2011] (112) The unit step response y(t) of a linear system
(108) Laplace transform of the function f(t) shown is y(t) = u(t) For the system function, the
in the below figure is frequency at which the forced response
become zero is
1 1
(A) rad / s (B) rad / s
2 2

(C) 2rad / s (D) 2 rad / s

2 A90[GATE-EE-2015]
(A) [1  e0.5s ]2
s2 (113) A moving average function is given by
2 1 t
(B) 2 [1  e0.5s ]2 y  t    u    d  . If the input u is a
s T t T
2 1
(C) 2 [1  e 0.5s ]2 sinusoidal signal of frequency Hz , then
s 2T
2 in steady state, the output y will lag u (in
(D) 2 [1  e0.5s ]2
s degree) by__________

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 Topic.5 - Laplace Transform
AA [GATE-EE-2015] S3A0.96-1.04 [GATE – EC – 2016]
(114) The following discrete-time equations result (117) The response of the system
from the numerical integration of the s2
G (s)  to the unit step input ( )
differential equations of an un-damped single ( s  1)( s  3)
harmonic oscillator with state variables x and is ( ).
y. The integration time step is h.
dy
x k 1  x k The value of at = 0+ is _______
 yk dt
h
S6AA [GATE – EE – 2016]
y k 1  y k
 x k (118) The Laplace Trnasform of
h
f ( t )  e sin(5t )u ( t ) is
2t

For this discrete-time system, which one of

the following statements is TRUE? 5 5
(A) 2
(B) 2
s  4s  29 s 5
(A) The system is not stable for h > 0
s2 5
1 (C) 2
(D)
(B) The system is stable for h > s  4s  29 s5

S8AD [GATE – EE – 2016]
1
(C) The system is stable for 0  h  (119) Consider a causal LTI system characterized
2 dy(t ) 1
by differential equation  y(t )  3x(t )
1 1 dt 6
(D) The system is stable for h
2  . The response of the system to the input
t
AD[GATE-IN-2005] 
3
x(t)  3e u(t) , where u(t) denotes the unit
(115) Given the discrete-time sequence
step function is
x  n    2, 0, 1, 3, 4,1, 1 , X  e  is
j 
   
t
(A) 9e 3 u (t )
(A) 8 (B) 6 
t

(C) 8  (D) 6 (B) 9 e 6 u (t )
t t
S1AMTA [GATE – EC – 2016]  
(C) 9 e 3 u (t )  6 e 6 u ( t )
(116) The Laplace transform of the causal periodic
square wave of period T shown in the figure 
t

t

below is : (D) 54 e 6 u (t )  54e 3 u (t )

S8AA [GATE – EE – 2016]
(120) Consider a linear time invariant system
x  A x , with initial condition x(0) at t = 0.
Suppose  and  are eigenvectors of (2 x 2)
matrix A corresponding to distinct
eigenvalues  and  respectively. Then the
1 2

response x(t) of the system due to initial

condition x(0) =  is
1
(A) F (s)  (A) e 1t 
1  e sT /2
(B) e2 t 
1
(B) F ( s) 
 
sT
 (C) e2t 
s 1  e 2 
  (D) e 1t   e  2t 

1 A0.45-0.55 [GATE–S2–EC–2017]
(C) F ( s ) 
s (1  e  sT ) (121) The transfer function of a causal LTI system
is H(s) = 1/s. If the input to the system is
1 x(t )  [sin(t ) / t ] u (t ) , where u(t) is a unit
(D) F (s)  step function, the system output y(t) as
1  esT
t   is ____.

www.targate.org Page 73
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AB [GATE–S1–EE–2017] A0.46 to 0.48 [GATE-IN-2019]
(122) Let a causal LTI system be characterized by (127) The transfer function relating the input x(t) to
the following differential equation, with the output y(t) of a system is given by G(s) =
intial rest condition 1/(s+3). A unit-step input is applied to the
dx  t  system at time t = 0. Assuming that y(0) = 3,
d2 y dy
2
 7  10y  t   4x  t   5 the value of y(t) at time t = 1 is ______
dt dt dt (Answer should be rounded off to two
Where, x(t) and y(t) are the input and output decimal places)
respectively. The impulse response of the
system is (u(t) is the unit step function) AC [GATE-IN-2019]
(128) The output y(t) of a system is related to its
(A) 2e2t u  t   7e5t u  t  input x (t ) as
(B) 2e2t u  t   7e5t u  t  t

y(t )   x(   2)d  ,
(C) 7e2t u  t   2e5t u  t  0

(D) 7e2t u  t   2e5t u  t  where, x(t) = 0 and y(t) = 0 for t  0 . The

transfer function of the system is :
A0.550 TO 0.556 [GATE–S1–EE–2017]
1 (1  e2 s )
(123) For a system having transfer function (A) (B)
s  1 s s
G s  , a unit step input is applied at
s 1 e 2 s 1 2 s
(C) (D) e
time t = 0. The value of the response of the s s
system at t = 1.5 sec(rounded off to the three
decimal places) is __________. AD [GATE-EE-2019]
(129) The output response of a system is denoted
A1.284 [GATE–S2–EE–2017] as y(t), and its Laplace transform is given by
(124) Consider the system described by the 10
following state space representation : Y ( s)  2
. The steady state
s( s  s  100 2)
 x1 (t )   0 1   x1 (t )  0  value of y(t) is :
 x (t )    0 2   x (t )   0  u (t )
 2    2    1
(A) 100 2 (B)
 x (t )  100 2
y (t )  [1 0]  1 
 x 2 (t )  1
(C) 10 2 (D)
 x (0)  1  10 2
If u(t) is a unit step input and  1     ,
 x 2 (0)   0 
AC [GATE-EE-2019]
value of output y (t ) at t = 1 sec (rounded off
(130) The inverse Laplace transform of
to three decimal places) is ______ .
s3
H ( s)  2 for t  0 is
AB [GATE – IN – 2017] s  2s  1
(125) A system is described by the following
differential equation: (A) 3te t  e t (B) 3e t
dy  t  dx  t  (C) 2tet  et (D) 4tet  et
 2y  t    x  t  , x  0  y  0   0
dt dt AA [GATE-EC-2019]
Where x(t) and y(t) are the input and output (131) Let Y(s) be the unit-step response of a causal
variables respectively. The transfer function system having a transfer function
of the inverse system is
3 s G (s)
s 1 s2 G (s )  that is, Y ( s)  .
(A) (B) ( s  1)(s  3) s
s2 s 1
The forced response of the system is
s 1 s 1
(C) (D) (A) u (t )
s2 s2
(B) 2u (t )
A-2.4 to -2.0 [GATE – IN – 2017]
(126) The Laplace transform of a causal signal y(t) (C) 2u(t )  2et u(t )  e3t u(t )
s2
is Y  s   . The value of the signal y  t  (D) u(t )  2et u(t )  e3t u(t )
s6
at t = 0.1 s is ________units. -------0000-------

Page 74 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 06
Sampling Theorem
2.99to3.01 [GATE – EC1 – 2014] x (t )  10 cos(8  x 10 3 )t and
(1) Consider two real valued signals x (t) band
Ts  100  sec . When y(t) is passed through
limited to [-500HZ, 500HZ] and y (t) band
limited to [-1 kHz, 1 kHz]. For z (t) = x (t). Y an ideal low pass filter with a cot off
(t), the Nyquist sampling frequency (in kHz) frequency of 5 KHz, the output of the filter is
is ---------. (A) 5  10 6 cos(8   10 3 )t
A9.5to10.5 [GATE – EC3 – 2014]
(B) 5  10 5 cos(8   10 3 )t
(2) A modulated signal is
y  t  =m  t  cos  40000 t  , where the (C) 5  10 1 cos(8   10 3 )t
baseband signal m (t) has frequency
components less than 5 kHz, only. The (D) 10 cos(8   10 3 )t
minimum required rate (in kHz), at which y
AB [GATE – EC – 2014]
(t) should be sampled to recover m (t) is ----.
(6) For a given sample-and-hold circuit, if the
AA [GATE – EC – 1994] value of the hold capacitor is increased, then
(3) Increased pulse-width in the flat-top (A) drop rate decreases and acquisition time
sampling, leads to decreases
(B) drop rate decreases and acquisition time
increases
(C) drop rate increases and acquisition time
decreases
(D) drop rate increases and acquisition time
increases
(A) attenuation of high frequencies in AB [GATE – IN – 2006]
reproduction (7) A digital measuring instrument employs a
(B) attenuation of low frequencies in sampling rate of 100 samples/second. The
reproduction sampled input x(n) is averaged using the
difference equation
(C) greater aliasing errors in reproduction
(D) no harmful effects in reproduction  x  n   x  n  1  x  n  2  
Y n     . For a
  x  n  4  / 4 
AB [GATE – EC – 1999]
(4) The Nyquist sampling frequency (in Hz) of a step input, the maximum time taken for the
signal given by output to reach the final value after the input
transition is
16  10 4 sin c 2 (400t ) *10 6 sin c 3 (100 t )
(A) 20 ms (B) 40 ms
(A) 200 (B) 300
(C) 80 ms (D) 
(C) 500 (D) 1000
AC [GATE – IN – 2007]
AC [GATE – EC – 2002] (8) Let x(t) be a continuous-time, real-valued
(5) Consider a sampled signal y(t) = signal band-limited to F Hz.

5 106 x(t )  (t  nTs ) where The Nyquist sampling rate in Hz.
n 
For y  t   x  0.5t   x  t   x  2t  is

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(A) F (B) 2F The frequency / frequencies present in the
reconstructed signal is / are
(C) 4F (D) 8F
(A) 5 Hz and 15Hz only
AC [GATE – IN – 2015]
(9) The highest frequency present in the signal (B) 10 Hz and15 Hz only
x(t) is f max . The highest frequency present in
(C) 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 15 Hz only
the signal y  t   x 2  t  is
(D) 5 Hz only
1
(A) f max (B) f max
2 A14 [GATE-EE2-2014]
(14) For the signal f (t )  3sin 8t  6sin12t
(C) 2f max (D) 4f max
 sin14 t , the minimum sampling
AC [GATE – EC – 2004] frequency (in Hz) satisfying the Nyquist
(10) A 1 kHz sinusoidal signal is ideally sampled criterion is _________.
at 1500 samples/sec and the sampled signal AC [GATE-EE2-2014]
is passed through an ideal low-pass filter (15) A sinusoid x(t) of unknown frequency is
with cut-off frequency 800 Hz. The output sampled by an impulse train of period 20 ms.
signal has the frequency The resulting sample train is next applied to
(A) zero Hz (B) 0.75 kHz an ideal low pass filter with a cutoff at 25
Hz. The filter output is seen to be a sinusoid
(C) 0.5 kHz (D) 0.25 kHz
of frequency 20 Hz. This means that x(t) has
AD [GATE - IN - 2004] a frequency of
(11) A signal x(t) = 5 cos(150 πt  60) is sampled
(A) 10 Hz (B) 60 Hz
at 200 Hz. The fundamental period of the
sampled sequence x[n] is (C) 30 Hz (D) 90 Hz
1 2 AA [GATE-EC/EE/IN-2013]
(A) (B) (16) A band-limited signal with a maximum
200 200
frequency of 5 kHz is to be sampled.
(C) 4 (D) 8 According to the sampling theorem, the
sampling frequency which is not valid is
AB [GATE - IN - 2011]
(12) The continuous time signal x(t) = (A) 5 kHz (B) 12 kHz
cos(100πt )  sin(300πt ) is sampled at the
rate 100 Hz to get the signal (C) 15 kHz (D) 20 kHz
 AC [GATE – EC – 1995]
xs ( t )  
n 
x ( nTS ) (t  nTs ), (17) A 1.0 kHz signal is flat-top sampled at the
rate of 1800 samples/sec and the samples are
Ts  sampling period applied to an ideal rectangular LPF with cut-
off frequency of 1100 Hz, then the output of
The signal xs (t ) is passed through an ideal the filter contains
low pass filter with cut-off frequency 100
(A) only 800 Hz component
Hz.
The output of the filter is proportional to (B) 800 Hz and 900 Hz components

(A) cos(100 πt ) (C) 800 Hz and 1000 Hz components

(B) cos(100πt )  sin(100πt ) (D) 800 Hz, 900 Hz and 1000 Hz

(C) cos(100πt )  sin(100πt )
(D) sin(100 πt )
AA [GATE – EC3 – 2014]
(13) Let x (t)  cos 10 t   c os  3 0 t 
sampled at 20 Hz and reconstructed using an
ideal low pass filter with cut off frequency of
20 Hz.
components
AA [GATE – EC – 1998]
(18) Flat top sampling of low pass signals
(A) gives rise to aperture effect
be (B) implies oversampling
(C) leads to aliasing
(D) introduces delay distortion

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 Topic.6 - Sampling Theorem
AD [GATE – EC – 2001] AC [GATE – EC – 2001]
(19) A band limited signal is sampled at the (24) The Nyquist sampling interval, for the signal
Nyquist rate. The signal can be recovered by Sinc(700t) + Sinc(500t) is
passing the samples through
1 
(A) an RC filter (A) sec (B) sec
350 350
(B) an envelope detector
1 
(C) a PLL (C) sec (D) sec
700 175
(D) an ideal low-pass filter with the
appropriate bandwidth AD [GATE – EC – 2002]
(25) A signal x(t) = 100 cos(24   10 3 ) t is
AD [GATE – EC – 1988] ideally sampled with a sampling period of 50
(20) A signal containing only two frequency
 sec and then passed through an ideal low
components (3kHz and 6 kHz) is sampled at
the rate of 8 kHz, and then passed through a pass filter with cut-off frequency of 15 KHz.
low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 8 Which of the following frequencies is/are
kHz. present at the filter output?
(A) 12 KHz only
The filter output
(B) 8 KHz only
(A) is an undistorted version of the original
signal (C) 12 KHz and 9 KHz
(D) 12 KHz and 8 KHz
(B) contains only the 3 kHz component
(C) contains the 3kHz component and a AC [GATE – EC – 2003]
spurious component of 2 kHz (26) Let x(t) = 2cos (80t ) + cos (1400t ) . x(t)
is sampled with the rectangular pulse train
(D) contains both the components of the
shown in figure. The only spectral
original signal and two spurious
components (in kHz) present in the sampled
components of 2 kHz and 5 kHz.
signal in the frequency range 2.5 kHz to 3.5
AA [GATE - IN - 2012] kHz are
(21) The transfer function of a Zero- order – Hold
system with sampling interval T is
1
(A) (1  e  Ts )
s
1 2
(B)
s
1  e  Ts 

1 Ts
(C) e
s
1 Ts
(D) e (A) 2.7,3.4 (B) 3.3,3.6
s2
(C) 2.6, 2.7, 3.3, 3.4, 3.6 (D) 2.7, 3.3
AB [GATE – EC – 1990]
(22) A 4 GHz carrier is DSB-SC modulated by a AB [GATE – EC – 2006]
low pass message signal with maximum (27) A signal m(t) with bandwidth 500 Hz is first
frequency of 2 MHz. The resultant signal is multiplied by a signal g(t) where
to be ideally sampled. The minimum 
frequency of the sampling impulse train g (t )   (1) k
(t  0.5  10 4 k )
should be: k 

(A) 4 MHz (B) 8 MHz The resulting signal is then passed through
(C) 8 GHz (D) 8.004 GHz an ideal low pass filter with bandwidth 1
kHz.
A3.6kHz [GATE – EC – 1991] The output of the low pass filter would be
(23) A signal has frequency components from 300
Hz to 1.8 KHz. The minimum possible rate at (A) (t) (B) m(t )
which the signal has to be sampled is _____
(fill in the blank). (C) 0 (D) m(t )(t )

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AC [GATE – EC – 2006] 5000 samples/s. For a signal x(t) = [ s (t )]2
(28) The minimum sampling frequency (in the corresponding Nyquist sampling rate in
samples/sec) required to reconstruct the samples/s is
following signal from its samples without
distortion (A) 2500 (B) 5000
3 2
 sin 21000t   sin 2 1000t  (C) 10000 (D) 25000
x (t )  5    7 
 t   t  AA [GATE - IN - 2010]
would be (33) A signal with frequency components 50 Hz,
3 3
100 Hz and 200 Hz only is sampled at 150
(A) 2 10 (B) 4 10 samples/s. The ideally reconstructed signal
(C) 6 10
3
(D) 8 10
3 will have frequency component (s) of
(A) 50 Hz only
AC [GATE – EC – 2010]
(29) The Nyquist sampling rate for the signal s(t) (B) 75 Hz only
sin(500t ) sin(700t ) (C) 50 Hz and 75 Hz
=  is given by
t t
(D) 50 Hz, 75 Hz and 100 Hz
(A) 400 Hz (B) 600 Hz
AC [GATE - IN - 2006]
(C) 1200 Hz (D) 1400 Hz (34) The spectrum of a band limited signal after
AB [GATE - EE - 2007] sampling is shown below. The value of the
(30) The frequency spectrum of a signal is shown sampling interval is
in the figure. If this signal is ideally sampled
at intervals of 1 ms, then the frequency
spectrum of the sampled signal will be
(A)

(A) 1 ms (B) 2 ms
(C) 4 ms (D) 8 ms
(B)
AD[GATE-EE-2012]
(35) Consider the differential equation
2
d y t  dy  t 
2
2  y t    t  with
(C) dt dt
dy
y  t  t  0  2 and is
dt t  0

(A) -2 (B) -1
(D)
(C) 0 (D) 1
S1A12-14 [GATE – EC – 2016]
(36) A continuous-time sinusoid of frequency 33
Hz is multiplied with a periodic Dirac
AA [GATE - EE/EC/IN - 2012] impulse train of frequency 46 Hz. The
(31) Let y[n] denote the convolution of h[n] and resulting signal is passed through an ideal
g[n], where h[n] = (1/ 2) n u[n] and g[n] is a analog low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency
of 23 Hz. The fundamental frequency (in Hz)
causal sequence. If y[0] = 1 and y[1] = ½, of the output is _____.
then g[1] equals
S4AC [GATE – EC – 2016]
(A) 0 (B) 1/2
(37) Consider the signal
(C) 1 (D) 3/2 x(t )  cos(6t )  sin(8t ) , where t is in
AC [GATE - IN - 2004] seconds. The Nyquist sampling rate (in
(32) The Nyquist rate of sampling of an analog samples/second) for the signal y(t) = x(2t +
signal s(t) for alias free reconstruction is 5) is :

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 Topic.6 - Sampling Theorem
(A) 8 (B) 12 (A) -0.707 (B) -1
(C) 16 (D) 32 (C) 0 (D) 1

S8AB [GATE – EE – 2016] A13 [GATE – EC – 2018]

(38) Let x1 (t )  X 1 () and x2 (t )  X 2 () be
two signals whose Fourier Transforms are as
shown in the figure below. In the figure, h(f)
= e–2|t| denotes the impulse response.
(42) A band limited low-pass signal x(t ) of
bandwidth 5 kHz is sampled at a sampling
rate f s . The signal ( ) is reconstructed
using the reconstruction filter ( ) whose
magnitude response is shown below :

The minimum sampling rate f s (in kHz) for

perfect reconstruction of x(t ) is _____.

AA [GATE – EE – 2018]
(43) Consider the two continuous-time signals
defined below :
For the system above, the minimum sampling | t |, 1  t  1
rate required to sample y(t), so that y(t) can x1 (t )   ,
be uniquely reconstructed its samples, is 0, otherwise
(A) 2B1 (B) 2(B1+B2) 1 | t |, 1  t  1
x2 (t )  
(C) 4(B1+B2) (D) ∞ 0, otherwise

S8A6.0 [GATE – EE – 2016] These signals are sampled with a sampling

(39) Suppose the maximum frequency in a band- period of T = 0.25 seconds to obtain
limited signal x(t) is 5 kHz. Then, the discretetime signals x1 [ n ] and x2 [ n ] ,
maximum frequency in x(t) cos(2000πt), in respectively. Which one of the following
kHz, is _____. statements is true?
(A) The energy of x1 [ n ] is greater than the
AB [GATE–S2–EE–2017]
(40) The output y(t) of the following system is to energy of x2 [ n ] .
be sampled, so as to reconstruct it from its (B) The energy of x2 [ n ] is greater than the
samples uniquely. The required minimum energy of x1 [ n ] .
sampling rate is :
(C) x1 [ n ] and x2 [ n ] have equal energies.
(D) Neither x1 [ n ] nor x2 [ n ] is a finite-
energy signal.
A8.0 [GATE-IN-2019]
(44) The frequency response of a digital filter
H ( ) has the following characteristics
Passband: 0.95  | H () | 1.05 for
0   0.3 and
Stopband: 0  | H () | 0.005 for
(A) 1000 samples/s (B) 1500 samples/s 0.4     ,
(C) 2000 samples/s (D) 3000 samples/s where  is the normalized angular
frequency in rad/sample. If the analog upper
AC [GATE – IN – 2017] cut off frequency for the passband of the
(41) If a continuous time signal x(t) = cos  2  t  is above digital filter is to be 1.2 kHz, then the
sampled at 4Hz, the value of the discrete sampling frequency should be ______ kHz.
time sequence x  n   5 is -------0000-------

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 07
Z- Transform
A0 [GATE – EC2 – 2015]
(1) Two casual discrete-time signals x[n] and
n
y[n] are related as y[n]   x[m] . If the z-
m 0

2
transform of y[n]  , the value of
z(z  1) 2
x[2] is ________. 1  az1 1  bz1
(A) (B)
AA [GATE – EE – 2008] 1  bz1 1  az1
(2) H(z) is a transfer function of a real system 1  az1 1  bz1
when a signal x[n] = (1 + j)n is the input to (C) (D)
such a system, the output is zero. Further, the 1  bz1 1  az1
Region of Convergence (ROC) of A* [GATE – EC – 1998]
 1 1  (5) The z-transform of the time function
 1  z  H  z  is the entire Z-plane(except 
 2 
z = 0). It can then be inferred that H(z) can    n  k  is
k 0
have minimum of
z z
(A) one pole and one zero (A) (B)
z  aT z  aT
(B) one pole and two zeros
z z
(C) (D)
(C) two poles and one zero z  a T z  a T
(D) two poles and two zeros AA [GATE – EC – 1999]
(6) The z-transform f(z) of the time function
AC [GATE – EE – 2014]
f  nT   a nT is
(3) Consider a discrete time signal given by
n n z z
x  n    0.25 u  n    0.5  u  n  1 . The (A) (B)
z  aT z  aT
region of convergence of its Z-transform
would be z z
(C) (D)
z  a T z  a T
(A) the region inside the circle of radius 0.5
and centered at origin AB [GATE – EC – 2003]
(7) A sequence x(n) with the z-transform
(B) the region outside the circle of radius
x  z   z 4  z 2  2z  2  3z 4 is applied as
0.25 and centered at origin
an input to a linear, time-invariant system
(C) the annular region between the two with the impulse response h (n)  2   n  3 
circles, both centered at origin and
where
having radii 0.25 and 0.5
(D) the entire Z plane 1, n0
 n   
0, otherwise
AA [GATE – EC – 1988]
(4) Consider the system shown in the figure The output at n = 4 is
below. The transfer function Y(z)/X(z) of the
system is (A) – 6 (B) zero
(C) 2 (D) – 4

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 Topic.7 - Z-Transform
AC [GATE – EC – 1999] AC [GATE – EC – 2014]
(8) The z-transform of a signal is given by (12) C is a closed path in the z-plane given by
1 z 1  z  z  3 . The value of the integral
1 4

Cz  . Its final value is

4 1  z 1 2  z2  z  4 
 C  z  2j  dz is
(A) 1/4 (B) zero
(A) 4  1  j2 
(C) 1.0 (D) infinity
(B) 4   3  j2 
AD [GATE – EC – 2006]
(9) If the region of convergence of (C) 4  3  j2 
1 2
x 1  n   x 2  n  is  z  , then the region (D)  4  1  j2 
3 3
of convergence of x1  n   x 2  n  includes AC [GATE – EC – 2015]
(13) For the discrete-time system shown in the
1 2 figure, the poles of the system transfer
(A)  z 3 (B)  z 3 function are located at
3 3
3 1 2
(C)  z 3 (D)  z
2 3 3
AA [GATE – EC – 2010]
(10) Consider the z-transform
x  z   5z 2  4z 1  3; 0  z   . The
inverse z-transform x[n] is 1
(A) 2, 3 (B) ,3
2
(A) 5   n  2   3  n   4   n  1 1 1 1
(C) , (D) 2,
2 3 3
(B) 5   n  2   3  n   4   n  1
AA [GATE – EC – 2015]
(14) The pole-zero diagram of a causal and stable
(C) 5u  n  2   3  n   4u  n  1 discrete-time system is shown in the figure.
The zero at the origin has multiplicity 4. The
(D) 5u  n  2   3u  n   4u  n  1 impulse response of the system is h[n]. If
h[0] = 1, we can conclude
AB [GATE – EC – 2011]
(11) Two systems H1  z  and H 2  z  are
connected in cascaded as shown below. The
overall output y(n) is the same as the input
x(n) with a one unit delay. The transfer
function of the second system H 2  z  is

1  0.6z  1 (A) h[n] is real for all n

(A) (B) h[n] is purely imaginary for all n
z 1  0.4z 
1 1

(C) h[n] is real for only even n

z 1 1  0.6z 1  (D) h[n] is purely imaginary for only odd n.
(B)
1  0.4z 1
A0 [GATE – EC – 2015]
(15) Two causal discrete-time signals x[n] and
n
z 1 1  0.4z 1  y[n] are related as y  n    x  m  . If the z-
(C)
1  0.6z 1

2
m 0

transform of y[n] is 2
, the value of
1  0.4z  1
z  z  1
(D) x[2] is ______ .
z 1  0.6z 
1 1

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
A2 [GATE – EC – 2015] H z   91  az1  , a is real and a  1 . The
 n
1 impulse response of a stable system that
(16) The value of  n  2 
n 0
is ________
exactly compensates the magnitude of the
direction is
AC [GATE – EC3 – 2015] n
(17) Suppose x[n] is an absolutely summable 1
(A)   u  n 
discrete-time signal. Its z-transform is a a
rational function with two poles and two n
zeroes. The poles are at z  2j . Which one 1
(B)    u   n  1
of the following statements is TRUE for the a
signal x[n]? (C) a u  n 
n

(A) It is a finite duration signal. (D) a n u   n  1

(B) It is a causal signal. AB [GATE – IN – 2004]
(C) It is a non-causal signal. (22) In the IIR filter shown below, a is a variable
gain. For which of the following cases, the
(D) It is a periodic system will transit from stable to unstable
condition
AA [IES-EC-2013]
(18) The final value theorem is
(A) lim x (k )  lim  z  1 X  ( z )
k  z 1

(B) lim x ( k )  lim X  ( z )

k  z 1

(C) lim x ( k )  lim( z 1 ) X  ( z ) (A) 0.1  a  0.5

k  z0
(B) 0.5  a  1.5
(D) lim x (k )  lim( z  1) 1 X  ( z 1 )
k  z0 (C) 1.5  a  2.5
AD [IES-EC-2013] (D) 2  a 
(19) For the discrete signal the z-transform is
AA [GATE – IN – 2008]
z z a (23) The region of convergence of the Z-
(A) (B) transform of the discrete-time signal
z a z
x  n   2 n u  n  will be
z z
(C) (D)
a z a (A) z  2 (B) z  2
AC [GATE – EC1 – 2014] 1 1
(20) Let (C) z  (D) z 
2 2
n n
 1  1
x  n     u  n      u  n  1 . AB [GATE – IN – 2010]
 9  3 (24) H(z) is the discrete rational transfer function.
The Region of convergence (ROC) of the z- To ensure both H(z) and its inverse are stable
transform of x [n] its
1 (A) Poles must be inside the unit circle and
(A) is z  zeros must be outside the unit circle
9
(B) Poles and zeros must be inside the unit
1 circle
(B) is z 
3
(C) Poles and zeros must outside the unit
1 1 circle
(C) is  z
3 9 (D) Poles must be outside the unit circle and
the zeros should be inside the unit circle.
(D) does not exist.
AA [GATE – EC/IN – 2015]
AD [GATE – IN – 2004] n
(21) A discrete-time signal, x[n] suffered a (25) The z-transform of x  n    , 0    1 , is
distortion modeled by an LTI system with X(z). The region of convergence of x(z) is

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 Topic.7 - Z-Transform
1 AB [GATE – EC – 2007]
(A)   z 
 (31) The z-transform X (z) of a sequence x[n] is
0.5
(B) z   given by X[z] = is given that the
1  2z 1
1
(C) z  region of convergence of X[z] includes the
 unit circle. The value of x [0] is
 1 (A) 0.5 (B) 0
(D) z  min   , 
  
(C) 0.25 (D) 0.5
AA [IES-EC-2013] AA [GATE - IN - 2003]
(26) If the z-transform of (32) The sequence x[n] whose z – transform is
z(8z  7) 1/ z
X(z) = e is
X(n) is x(z) = , then the
4z 2  7z  3
1
lim x (n ) is (A) u[ n]
n 
n!
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) ∞ (D) 0 1
(B) u[n]
A-0.6to-0.4 [GATE – EC3 – 2014]
n !
(27) Let H 1 (Z) = (1 – pz -1)-1, H 1
1 1
(C) (1)n u[n]
H2  z   1  qz  , H (Z) = H1(Z) + rH2(Z). n!
The quantities p, q, r are real number. 1
(D) u[ n  1]
1 1  (n  1)!
Consider P  , q   , r  1 If the zero
2 4
of H (Z) lies on the unit circle, then r = ------ AB [IES - EC - 1997]
---. (33) Which one of the following represents the
impulse response of a system defined by
AC [GATE-IN-2014] H(z) = z  m ?
(28) The transfer function of a digital system is
(A) u[n - m] (B) δ(n - m)
given by:
b0 (C) δ[m] (D) δ[m - n]
; where a 2 is real.
1  z  a2 z 2
1
AC [GATE – EC – 2005]
The transfer function is BIBO stable if the (34) The region of convergence of z-transform of
n n
value of 2 is: 5 6
the sequence   u (n)  
(A) −1.5 (B) −0.75 6 5
(C) 0.5 (D) 1.5 u (n  1) must be
AC [GATE-EC/EE/IN-2012]
5 6
(29) If x[ n ]  (1 / 3)|n|  (1 / 2) n u[ n ], then the (A) | z | (B) | z |
region of convergence (ROC) of its Z- 6 5
transform in the Z-plane will be 5 6 6
(C) | z | (D) | z | 
1 1 1 6 5 5
(A) | z | 3 (B) | z |
3 3 2 AC [IES - EC - 1998]
1 1 (35) If the function H1 ( z)  (1  1.5z 1  z 2 ) and
(C) | z | 3 (D) | z |
3 3 H 2 ( z )  z 2  1.5z  1 ,then
AD [GATE - EE - 2008] (A) the poles and zeros of the functions will
z be the same
(30) Given X(z) = with | z | a, the
( z  a) 2 (B) the poles of the functions will be
n1 identical but not zeros
residue of X(z) z at z = a for n  0 will
be (C) the zeros of the functions will be
n1 n identical but not poles
(A) a (B) a
(D) neither the poles nor the zeros of the two
(C) n a n (D) n a n 1 functions will be identical
www.targate.org Page 83
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AD [IES - EC - 1994] X ( z)
(36) Which one of the following is the region of (C) Y ( z) 
1  z 1
convergence (ROC) for the sequence x[n] =
bn u(n)  b nu(n  1) ; b < 1? dX ( z )
(D) Y ( z ) 
dz
(A) Region z  1 AB [IES - EC - 2006]
(B) Annular strip in the region (40)
b  z  (1/ b)

(C) Region z  1 For the system shown,

(D) Annualar strip in the region x[ n]  k [n],
b  z  (1/ b) and y[n ] is related to x[ n] as
AB [IES - EC - 2006] 1
(37) Which one of the following is the correct y[ n]  y[ n  1]  x[n ]
2
statement ?
What is y[n ] equal to?
The region of convergence of z transform
x | n | consists of the value of z for which (A) k (B) (1 / 2) n k
x | n | r  n is
(C) nk (D) 2n
(A) absolutely integrable
AA [IES - EC - 2006]
(B) absolutely summable (41) What is the inverse z transform of X(z)?
(C) unity 1 n 1
(D) < 1
(A)
2πj  X ( z)z dz

AA [IES - EC - 2000] 1 n 1
(38) (B)  X ( z)z dz
2πj

1
(C)  X  z  z1 n dz
2j
Two linear time- invariant discrete time
systems s1 and s2 are cascaded as shown in (D) 2nj  X ( z ) z  ( n 1) dz
Fig. Each system is modeled by a second
order difference equation. AB [IES - EC - 2011]
The difference equation of the overall (42) Assertion (A) : The system function
cascaded system can be the order of z3  2z2  z
H(z)  is not causal.
(A) 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 (B) either 2 or 4 1 1
z2  z 
(C) 2 (D) 4 4 8
Reason (R) : If the numerator of H(z) is of
AC [IES - EC - 2005] lower order than the denominator, the system
(39) The output y[ n] of a discrete time LTI may be causal.
system is related to the input x[ n] as given Codes :
below: (A) Both A and R are true and R is the
 correct explanation of A
y[n]   x[k ] (B) Both A and R are true but R is not a
k 0 correct explanation of A
Which one of the following correctly relates (C) A is true but R is false
the z-transforms of the input and output (D) A is false but R is true
denoted by X(z) and Y(z), respectively?
AD [IES - EC - 2010]
(A) Y(z) = (1  z 1 ) X ( z ) (43) Frequency scaling [relationship between
discrete time frequency (  ) and continuous
(B) Y ( z )  z 1 X ( z ) time frequency () ] is defined as

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 Topic.7 - Z-Transform
(A)   2  (B)   2TS /  (C)  (0.2) n u[ n]
(C)   2 / TS (D)    TS (D)  (0.2) n u[  n  1]
A11.9to12.1 [GATE – EC3 – 2014] AA [GATE – EC – 2009]
(44) The z-transform of the sequence x [n] is (49) The ROC of Z-transform of the discrete time
1 sequence
given by X (Z) = 2
, with the
1  2z 1  1
n
1
n

region of convergence | z | > 2. Then, x [2] is x( n)    u ( n)    u (  n  1) is

-------------.
3  2

AC [GATE-IN-2014] 1 1 1
(A) | z | (B) | z |
(45) The system function of an LTI system is 3 2 2
given by
1
1 (C) | z | (D) 2 | z | 3
1  Z 1 3
H ( z)  3
1 1 AB [GATE – EC – 1990]
1 Z (50) The Z-transform of the following real
4
exponential sequence:
The above system can have stable inverse if
the region of convergence of H(z)is defined x ( nT )  a n . nT  0
as
 0 . nT  0, a  0
1 1
(A) | z | (B) | z | is given by
4 12
1 1 1
(C) | z |  (D) | z |  (A) . | z | 1
4 3 1  z 1
AC [GATE – EC – 1998] 1
(46) The z-transform of the time function (B) :| z | a
 1  az 1
  ( n  k ) is
k 0
(C) 1 for all z

(A) ( z  1) / z (B) z / ( z  1) 2 1
(D) :| z | a
1  az 1
(C) z / ( z  1) (D) ( z  1) 2 / z
AA [GATE – EC – 1999]
AA [GATE – EC – 2001] (51) The z-transform of a signal is given by
(47) The region of convergence of the z-transform
of a unit step function is 1 z 1 (1  z 1 )
C( z ) 
(A) |z| > 1
4 (1  z 1 )2
Its final value is
(B) |z| < 1
(A) 1/4 (B) zero
(C) (Real part of z) > 0
(C) 1.0 (D) infinity
(D) (Real part of z) < 0
Statement for Linked Question for the Next Two
AD [GATE – EC – 2004] Questions :
(48) The z-transform of a system is In the following network (Fig.1). the switch is
z closed at t = 0 and the sampling starts from t = 0.
H ( z)  The sampling frequency is 10 Hz.
z  0.2
If the ROC is |z| < 0.2, then the impulse
response of the system is

(A) (0.2) n u [ n ]

(B) (0.2) n u [  n  1]

www.targate.org Page 85
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AB [GATE – EC – 2008] has the impulse response h[n] defined by
(52) The samples x (n) (n = 0, 1, 2 ...) are given these two signals as
by H[n] = x[n – 1]* y[n]
(A) 5(1  e 0.05 n ) (B) 5e
0.05 n Where*denotes discrete time convolution.
Then the output of the system for the input
5n [ n  1]
(C) 5(1  e 5 n ) (D) 5e
(A) Has Z-transform z 1 X ( z )Y ( z )
AC [GATE – EC – 2003]
(53) The expression and the region of (B) Equals [ n  2]  3[ n  3]  2[ n  4]
convergence of the z-transform of the 6[ n  5]
sampled signal are
(C) Has Z-transform 1  3 z 1  2 z 2  6 z 3
5z (D) Does not satisfy any of the above three.
(A) 5
,| z | e5
ze
AC [GATE - EE - 2007]
5z (57) A signal is processed by a causal filter with
(B) ,| z | e0.05 transfer function G(s). For a distortion free
z  e0.05
output signal waveform, G(s) must
5z (A) Provide zero phase shift for all
(C) , z  e 0.05
z  e 0.05 frequencies
(B) Provide constant phase shift for all
5z
(D) ,| z | e5 frequencies
z  e5 (C) Provide linear phase shift that is
proportional to frequency
AB [GATE - EE - 2005]
(54) If u(t) is the unit step and (t ) is the unit (D) Provide a phase shift that is inversely
proportional to frequency
impulse function, the inverse z-transform of
1 AA [GATE - EE - 2007]
F (z)  for k > 0 is 1 3
z 1 (58) G(z) = αz  βz is allow pass digital filter
with a phase characteristic same as that of the
(A) (  1) k  ( k ) above question if
(B)  ( k )  (  1) k u(k) (A) α  β (B) α   β

k
(C) α  β (1/3) (D) α  β  (1/3)
(C) (  1) u ( k )
AA [GATE - EE - 2009]
(D) u ( k )  ( 1) k (59) The z-transform of a signal x[n] is given by
AB [GATE - EE - 2006] 4 z 3  3z 1  2  6 z 2  2 z 3 . It is applied to
(55) The discrete-time signal a system, with a transfer function H(z) =
3n 2 n

3 z 1  2. Let the output be y(n). Which of
x[n]  X ( z )   n  0 z , where  the following is true?
2n
denotes a transform-pair relationship, is (A) y(n) is non causal with finite support
orthogonal to the signal (B) y(n) is causal with infinite support
n (C) y(n) = 0; | n | 3
 2  n

(A) y1[n]  Y1 ( z )  n0   z
3 (D) Re[Y ( z)]z e j =  Re[Y ( z)]Z e j ;

  2n 1 Im[Y ( z )]Z  e j = Im[Y ( z )]Z e j ;


(B) y 2  n   Y2  z    n 0 5n  n z 
π    π

(C) y 3  n   Y3  z    n  2  n z  n
AC [GATE - IN - 2004]
4 1 1
(D) y4 [n]  Y4 ( z )  2 z  3z 2  1
(60) Given X(z) = 2  3 ,| a |, and
AB [GATE - EE - 2007] 1  az 1 1  bz 1
| b | 1 with the ROC specified as
(56) X(z) = 1 – 3z , Y(z) = 1  2z 2 are Z-
1
| a || z || b |, x[0] of the corresponding
transforms of two signals x[n], y[n]
respectively. A linear time invariant system sequence is given by

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 Topic.7 - Z-Transform
1 5 Codes:
(A) (B)
3 6 (A) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A
1 1
(C) (D) (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT a
2 6
correct explanation of A
AB [IES - EC - 1997]
(C) A is true but R is false
(61) Given that F(z) and G(z) are the one-sided Z
transforms of discrete time functions f(nT) (D) A is false but R is true
and g(nT), the z transform of
AC [IES - EC - 1999]
 f (kT ) g (nT  kT ) is
k
(64) Consider the following statements regarding
a linear discrete - time system
Given by
z2  1
n H ( z) 
(A)  f (nT ) g (nT ) z ( z  0.5)( z  0.5)
n n 1. The system is stable.
(B)  f (nT )) z  g (nT ) z
2. The initial value h(0) of the impulse
(C)  f (kT ) g (nT  kT ) z n response is - 4 .

n 3. The steady - state output is zero for a

(D)  f (nT  kT ) g (nT ) z sinusoidal discrete time input of
frequency equal to one - fourth the
AC [IES - EC - 1997] sampling frequency.
(62) Match List-I (x[n]) with List-II (X(z)) and
select the correct answer using the codes Which of these statements are correct?
given below the Lists;
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2
List-I List-II
(C) 1 and 3 (D) 2 and 3
n az
A. a u[n] 1. AD [IES - EC - 2001]
( z  a )2
(65) Which one of the following digital filters
ze  j does have a linear phase response?
B. a n2u[n  2] 2.
ze  j  a (A) y ( n )  y ( n  1)  x ( n )  x ( n  1)
z 1
C. e jn a n 3. (B) y (n)  [3x(n)  2 x(n  1)  x(n  2)]
z a 6
z 1 1
D. na nu[n] 4. (C) y (n )  [ x( n )  2 x( n  1)  3x(n  2)]
za 6
Codes: 1
(D) y (n)  [ x(n)  2 x(n  1)  x(n  2)]
A B C D 4
(A) 3 2 4 1 AA [IES - EC – 2010/2011]
(B) 2 3 4 1 (66) Unit step response of the system described
by the equation y ( n)  y (n  1)  x (n) , is
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 1 4 2 3 Z2
(A)
(Z  1)(Z  1)
AC [IES - EC - 1998]
(63) Assertion (A) : A linear time-invariant Z
discrete-time system having the system (B)
( Z  1)( Z  1)
function
z Z 1
H(z) = is a stable system. (C)
1 Z 1
z
2 Z ( Z  1)
(D)
Reason (R) : The pole of H(z) is in the left- ( Z  1)
half plane for a stable system.

www.targate.org Page 87
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AC [IES - EC - 2008] then the transfer function of the second
1 system would be
(67) If X(z) is with | z | 1, then what is
1  z 1
the corresponding x ( n) ?

(A) e  n (B) en z2  z 3

(A) H2 ( z) 
(C) u( n) (D) (n) 1  0.5z 1
z 2  0.8 z 3
AA [IES - EC - 2012] (B) H 2 ( z ) 
(68) Statement (I) : 1  0.5 z 1

Z-transform approach is used to analyze the z 1  0.2 z 3

(C) H 2 ( z ) 
discrete time systems and is also called as 1  0.4 z 1
pulse transfer function approach.
z 2  0.8 z 3
Statement (II) : (D) H 2 ( z ) 
1  0.5 z 1
The sampled signal is assumed to be a train
of impulses whose strengths, or areas, are AD [IES - EC - 2000]
equal to the continuous time signal at the (71) Match List - I with List -II and select the
sampling instants. correct answer using the codes given below
the Lists:
(A) Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are
individually true and Statement (II) is List - I
the correct explanation of Statement (I)
{x(n)}
(B) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II)
are individually true but Statement (II) A.  n u( n)
is not the correct explanation of
Statement (I) B.  nu(n  1)
(C) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is C. n n u(n  1)
false
(D) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) D. n n u(n)
is true
List - II
AB [IES - EC - 2000] {X(z)}
(69) The impulse response of a discrete system
with a simple pole is shown in Fig. z 1
1. ROC : z  
1  z1 
1
2. ROC : z  
1  z1 
1
3. ROC : z  
1  z1 
The pole of the system must be located on z 1
the 4. ROC : z  
1 2

(A) real axis at z = -1

1  z 
(B) real axis between z = 0 and z = 1 Codes:

(C) imaginary axis at z = j A B C D

(A) 2 4 3 1
(D) imaginary axis between z = 0 and z = j
(B) 1 3 4 2
AD [IES - EC - 2000] (C) 1 4 3 2
(70) Consider the compound system shown in
Fig. Its output is equal to input with a delay (D) 2 3 4 1
of two units. If the transfer function of the AC [IES - EC - 2001]
z  0.5 (72) The discrete time system described by y(n) =
first system is given by H1 ( z)  ,
z  0.8 x(n2) is

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 Topic.7 - Z-Transform
(A) causal, linear and time-varying 1 1
3. | z | and | z |
(B) causal, non-linear and time-varying 3 2
(C) non-causal, linear and time-variant 1
(D) non-causal, non-linear ad time-variant 4. | z |
2
AA [IES - EC - 2001] Codes:
(73) The poles of a digital filter with linear phase
response can lie A B C D

(A) only at z = 0 (A) 4 2 1 3

(B) only on the unit circle (B) 1 3 4 2
(C) only inside the unit circle but not at z = 0 (C) 4 3 1 2
(D) on the left side of Real (z) = 0 line
(D) 1 2 4 3
AB [IES - EC - 2000]
(74) The minimum number of delay elements AA [IES - EC - 2002]
required for realizing a digital filter with the (76) Assertion(A): The signals a n u ( n ) and
transfer function
a n u (n  1) have the same Z-transform,
1  az 1  bz 2
H ( z)  is Z
1  cz 1  dz 2  ez 3 .
Z a
(A) 2 (B) 3
Reason(R): For Region of Convergence
(C) 4 (D) 5
(ROC) for a n u ( n ) is | Z || a | , whereas the
AC [IES - EC - 2002] ROC for a n u (n  1) is | Z || a | .
(75) For a Z-transform
Codes:
 5
z  2z   (A) Both A and R are true and R is the
 6
X ( z)  correct explanation of A
 1  1
 z   z   (B) Both A and R are true but R is not a
 2  3
correct explanation of A
Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using codes given below the (C) A is true but R is false
lists: (D) A is false but R is true
List I AA [IES - EC - 2002]
(The sequences) (77) The range of values of a and b for which the
linear time invariant system with impulse
 1 n  1 n  response
A.        u ( n)
  2   3   h( n )  a n , n  0
n n
B. 1 1
  u ( n )    u (  n  1) bn , n  0
2 3
n n
1 1 Will be stable is
C.    u ( n  1)    u ( n)
 2  3
n n
 1   1   (A) | a | 1,| b | 1
D.        u (  n  1)
 2   3   (B) | a | 1,| b | 1
List II
(The region of convergence) (C) | a | 1,| b | 1
1 1 (D) | a | 1,| b | 1
1. | z |
3 2
AB [IES - EC - 2005]
1 (78) Match List I (Discrete Time Signal) with List
2. | z |
3 II (Transform) and select the correct answer
using code given below the Lists:

www.targate.org Page 89
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
List I List II Determine the value of n for which
x[n  2] is guaranteed to be zero.
(Discrete (Transform)
Time Signal) (A) n  1 and n  7
(A) Unit step 1. 1 (B) n  4 and n  2
function
(C) n  6 and n  0
(B) Unit impulse 2. z  cos 
function 2
z  2 z cos T +1 (D) n  2 and n  4

(C) sin  t , t = 0, 3. z AC [IES - EC - 2007]

T, 2T z 1 (82) What is the Z-transform of the signal
x[n ]  α n u (n)?
(D) cos  t , t = 0, 4. z sin T
T, 2T 2 1
z  2 z cos    (A) X ( z ) 
z 1
1
(B) X ( z ) 
Codes: 1 z
A B C D z
(C) X ( z ) 
zα
(A) 2 4 1 3
1
(B) 3 1 4 2 (D) X ( z ) 
zα
(C) 2 1 4 3
AB [IES - EC - 2007]
(D) 3 4 1 2 (83) Algebraic expression for Z transform of x[n]
is X(z). What is the algebraic expression for
AA [IES - EC - 2005] Z transform of e j0 n x[n]
(79) Which one of the following is the inverse z-
transform of X(z) =
z
| z | 2? (A) X ( z  z0 ) (B) X e   j0
z 
( z  2)( z  3)
n n
(A)  2  3  u (  n  1)

j
(C) X e 0 z  (D) X  z  e j 0

AB [IES - EC - 2010]
(B)  3 n  2 n  u (  n  1) (84) Z and Laplace transform are related by

(C)  2 n  3n  u ( n  1) ln z
(A) s  ln z (B) s 
T
(D)  2 n  3 n  u ( n ) T
(C) s  z (D) s 
ln z
AB [IES - EC - 2006]
(80) Which one of the following is the correct AB [IES - EC - 2010]
statement ? (85) Convolution of two sequences X1[n] and
The region of convergence of z transform X2[n] is represented as
x | n | consists of the value of z for which (A) X1(z)*X2(z) (B) X1(z).X2(z)
n
x|n|r is (C) X1(z) + X2(z) (D) X1(z)/X2(z)
(A) absolutely integrable
(B) absolutely summable AA [IES - EC - 2012]
(86) The step response of a discrete time system
(C) unity with transfer function
(D) < 1 10
H ( z)  is given by
AC [IES - EC - 2006] ( Z  1)( Z  2)
(81) x[n] is defined as
10 10 10
(A)  n  (2)n
0, for n  2 or n  4 9 3 9
x[n]  
1, otherwise n
(B) 5   ( 2)n
2
Page 90 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)
 Topic.7 - Z-Transform
7 5 The region of convergence (ROC) of the z-
(C)  n  (3)n transform of x[n] is
9 3
(A) | z | | a | (B) | z |  | b |
(D) 2  5(1  2n )
(C) | z |  | a | (D) | a | | z | | b |
AB [IES - EC - 2012]
S4AD [GATE – EC – 2016]
(87) The Z-transform corresponding to the
(91) The ROC (region of convergence) of the z-
Laplace transform function
transform of a discrete-time signal is
10 represented by the shaded region in the z-
G ( s)  is :
s ( s  5) plane. If the signal
x[ n ]  (2.0) |n | ,    n   , then the ROC of
2 Ze 5 z its z-transform is represented by
(A)
( Z  1)( Z  e  T )
2(1  e  ST ) z
(B)
( z  1)( z  e  ST ) (A)
e  5T
(C)
( Z  1) 2

e T
(D)
Z ( Z  e 3T )

AA [IES - EC - 2012]
(88) The difference equation for a system is given
by y(n+2) + y(n+1) + 0.16 y(n) = x(n+1)
0.32 x(n). The transfer function of the system
is (B)

(A) Z  0.32
Z 2  Z  0.16

(B) 1
Z 2  Z  0.16

(C) Z2  0.32
Z  0.16

(D) Z  0.32
( Z  1)( Z 2  Z  0.16)

AA[GATE-IN-2014]
(C)
(89) The impulse response of an LTI system is
given as
 c
 n0

h n   
 sin c n n n  0
 n
It represents an ideal
(A) non-causal, low-pass filter
(B) causal, low-pass filter
(C) non-causal high-pass filter (D)

(D) causal, high-pass filter

S1AB [GATE – EC – 2016]
(90) Consider the sequence
x [ n ]  a n u [ n ]  b n u [ n ] , where u[ n ] denotes
the unit-step sequence and 0 < |a| < |b| < 1.

www.targate.org Page 91
SIGNAL & SYSTEM
S4AC [GATE – EC – 2016] The Z-transform of the convoluted sequence
(92) The direct form structure of an FIR (finite x 1  n  * x 2  n  is
impulse response) filter is shown in the
figure. (A) 1  2z 1  3z 2 (B) Z2  3Z  2
(C) 1  3Z1  2Z2 (D) z 2  3z 3  2z 4
AA [GATE-EC-2019]
(97) Let H(z) be the z-transform of a real-valued
discrete-time signal h[n]. If
1 1 1
P( z )  H ( z ) H   has a zero at z   j
z 2 2
The filter can be used to approximate a , and P ( z ) has a total of four zeros, which
(A) low-pass filter one of the following plots represents all the
(B) high-pass filter zeros correctly?

(C) band-pass filter (A)

(D) band-stop filter

S4AC [GATE – EC – 2016]
(93) A discrete-time signal
x[ n]  [n  3]  2[ n  5] has z-transform
X(z). If Y ( z)  X (  z) is the z-transform of
another signal y[n], then
(A) y[n] = x[n]
(B) y ( n)  x (  n)
(C) y ( n )   x[ n ]
(D) y (n)   x[ n]

A0.09 TO 0.1 [GATE–S1–EE–2017]

(94) Consider a causal and stable LTI system with
rational transfer function H(z), whose
corresponding impulse response begins at n
5 (B)
= 0. Furthermore, H(1)  . The poles of
4
1   2k  1  
H(z) are pk  exp  j  for k =
2  4 
1,2,3,4. The zeros of H(z) are all at z = 0. Let
g  n  jn h  n  . The value of g[8]
equals_________. (Give the answer up to
three decimal places.)
AC [GATE – IN – 2017]
(95) The region of Convergenec(ROC) of the Z-
transform of a causal unit step discrete-time
sequence is
(A) z  1 (B) z  1

(C) z  1 (D) z  1

AC [GATE – IN – 2017]
(96) Consider two discrete-time signals:
x 1  n   1,1 and x 2  n   1, 2 , for n = 0, 1

Page 92 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.7 - Z-Transform
(C)

(D)

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www.targate.org Page 93
 08
DFS/DTFT/DFT/FFT
AA [GATE – EC2 – 2015] AB [GATE – EC4 – 2014]
(1) The magnitude and phase of the complex (4) The N-point DFT X of a sequence
Fourier series coefficients ak of a periodic x  n ,0  n  N  1 is given by
signal x(t) are shown in the figure. Choose 2
N 1
the correct statement from the four choices 1 j nk
X k    x n e N
, 0  k  N 1 .
given. Notation C is the set of complex N n 0
numbers, R is the set of purely real numbers, Denote this relation as X = DFT(x). For N =
and P is the set of purely imaginary numbers. 4, which one of the following sequences
satisfies
DFT (DFT (x)) = x?

(A) x  1 2 3 4

(B) x  1 2 3 2

(C) x  1 3 2 2

(D) x  1 2 2 3

AD [GATE – EC – 2005]
n
1
(A) x(t)  R (5) Let x ( n)    u (n) & y ( n)  x 2 ( n).
2
(B) x(t)  P
And Y (e j ) be transform of y (n).
(C) x(t)  (C  R)
(D) the information given is not sufficient to Then Y (e j 0 ) is
draw any conclusion about x(t)
1
AA [GATE-IN-2014] (A) (B) 2
(2) ( )is the Discrete Fourier Transform of a 6- 4
point real sequence ( ).
4
If (0)= 9 + 0, (2)= 2 + 2, (3)= 3 – 0, (C) 4 (D)
(5)= 1 – 1, (0) is
3
(A) 3 (B) 9 AD [GATE – EC – 2009]
(6) The 4-point Discrete Fourier Transform
(C)15 (D)18 (DFT) of a discrete time sequence {1, 0, 2,
3} is :
A9.99to10.01 [GATE – EC1 – 2014]
(3) Consider a discrete time periodic signal x[n] (A) [0, -2+2j, 2, -2, -2j]
n 
= sin   . Let ak be the complex Fourier (B) [2, 2+2j, 6, 2-2j]
 5 
series coefficients of x[n]. The coefficients (C) [6, 1-3j, 2, 1+3j]
{ak} are non-zero when k = Bm ± 1, where m (D) [6, -1+3j, 0, -1-3j]
is any integer. The value of B is --------

Page 94 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.8 – DFS/DTFT/DFT/FFT
Common Data for next two Questions (D)
A sequence x[n] has non-zero values as shown in
figure

AC [GATE – EC – 2005]
(8) The Fourier transform of y (2n) will be
AA [GATE – EC – 2005]
 j 2
(7) The sequence (A) e [cos 4  2cos 2 2]

 n  (B) [cos2 2cos  2]

x 1 for n even
y (n)    2  (C) e j[cos 2 2cos   2]
0 for n odd
  j

will be :
(D) e 2
cos 2  2 cos   2 
AB [GATE – EC – 2007]
(A)
(9) A 5-point sequence x[n] is given as
x[–3] = 1, x[–2] = 1, x[–1] = 0, x[0] = 5, x[1]
= 1.
Let X (e j ) denote the discrete – time
Fourier transform of x[n]. The value of


 X  e  d is
j



(A) 5 (B) 10 

(B) (C) 16  (D) 5 + j 10 

AD [GATE – EC – 2010]
(10) For an N-point FFT algorithm with N = 2m ,
which one of the following statements is
TRUE?
(A) It is not possible to construct a signal
flow graph with both input and output in
normal order.
(B) The number of butterflies in the mth
stage is N/m
(C) (C) In – place computation requires storage
of only 2N node data
(D) Computation of a butterfly requires only
one complex multiplication
AA [GATE – EC – 2008]
(11) x (n)} is a real-valued periodic sequence with
a period N x (n) and X (k) form N-point
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) pairs. The
DFT Y (k) of the sequence

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
1 N 1 A2.05-2.15 [GATE–S1–EC–2017]
y (n) =
N
 x (r ) x (n  r )
r 0
is (16) Let h[n] be the impulse response of a
discrete-time linear time invariant(LTI) filter.
(A) | X ( k ) |2 The impulse response is given by

1 N 1 1 1 1
(B)  X (r ) X * (k  r ) h 0  ;h 1  ;h  2  ; and h  n   0
N r 0
3 3 3
N 1
for n  0 and n  2
1
(C)
N
 X (r ) X (k  r )
r 0
Let H   be the discrete-time Fourier
(D) 0 transform (DTFT) of h[n], where  is the
normalized angular frequency in radians.
AB [GATE – EC – 2011] Given that H  0   0 and 0  0  , the
(12) The first six points of the 8-point DFT of a
real valued sequence are 5, 1-j3, 0, 3-j4, 0 value of 0 (in radians) is equal to _______.
and 3 + j4. The last two points of the DFT AB [GATE – IN – 2017]
are respectively (17) Three DFT coefficients, out of the DFT
(A) 0, 1 – j3 (B) 0, 1 + j3 coefficients of a five-point real sequence are
(C) 1 + j3, 5 (D) 1 – j3, 5 given as: X  0   4, X 1  1  j1 and
X  3   2  j2 . The zeroth value of the
S1A7.9-8.1 [GATE – EC – 2016]
(13) Consider the signal sequence x(n), x(0)
x[ n]  6[ n  2]  3[ n  1]  8[n]  7 [ n  1] (A) 1 (B) 2

4[ n  2] (C) 3 (D) 4

If X ( e j  ) is the discrete-time Fourier A2.90-3.10 [GATE – EC – 2018]

(18) Let X [ k ]  k  1, 0  k  7 be 8-point DFT of
transform of x[n] ,
a sequence x[ n] ,
1 
then  X (e j )sin 2 (2) d  is equal to N 1
where X [ k ]   n  0 x[n ] e  j 2 nk / N .
 

_________.
The value (correct to two decimal places) of
3
S4A4096 [GATE – EC – 2016]  n0 x[2n] is ______.
(14) A continuous-time speech signal xa(t) is
sampled at a rate of 8 kHz and the samples AC [GATE – IN – 2018]
are subsequently grouped in blocks, each of (19) For the sequence x[ n]  {1,  1,1,  1} , with
size N. The DFT of each block is to be n  0,1, 2,3 the DFT is computed as
computed in real time using the radix-2 2
j nk
decimation-in-frequency FFT algorithm. If 3
X (k )   n0 x[n]e 4 , for k  0,1, 2,3 .
the processor performs all operations
sequentially, and takes 20 µs for computing The value of k for which X(k) is not zero is
each complex multiplication (including (A) 0 (B) 1
multiplications by 1 and −1) and the time
required for addition/subtraction is (C) 2 (D) 3
negligible, then the maximum value of N is A–27.01 to –26.99 [GATE-EC-2019]
_______ (20) Let h[n] be a length-7 discrete-time finite
S3A5.9-6.1 [GATE – EC – 2016] impulse response filter, given by
(15) The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the h[0] =4, h[1] = 3, h[2] = 2, h[3] = 1,
4-point sequence
h[-1] = -3, h[-2] = -2, h[-3] = -1,
x[n] = { x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3]} = {3, 2, 3, 4} is
and h[n] is zero for | n |  4 . A length-3 finite
X[k] = {X[0], X[1], X[2], X[3]} = {12, 2j, 0, impulse response approximation g[n] of h[n]
−2j}. has to be obtained such that
If X1[k] is the DFT of the 12-point sequence  2
x1[n] = {3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0}, the E ( h, g )   H (e j )  G  e j  d 

X1[8]
value of is ________ is minimized, where H (e j ) and G(e j ) are
X1[11]
the discrete-time Fourier transforms of h[n]
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 Topic.8 – DFS/DTFT/DFT/FFT
and g[n], respectively. For the filter that
minimizes E(h, g), the value of 10g[-1] +
g[1], rounded off to 2 decimal places, is
______.
AA [GATE-EC-2019]
(21) Consider a six-point decimation-in-time Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, for
which the signal-flow graph corresponding to
X[1] is shown in the figure. Let
 j2π 
W6 = exp    . In the figure, what should
 6 
be the values of the coefficients a1,a2,a3 in
terms of W6 so that X[1] is obtained
correctly?

(A) a1 =1,a 2 = W6 ,a 3 = W62

(B) a1 =  1,a 2 = W62 ,a 3 = W6

(C) a1 =1,a 2 = W62 ,a 3 = W6

(D) a1 =  1,a 2 = W6 ,a 3 = W62

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 09
Random Variable
(1)
A0.25 [GATE – EE1 – 2015]
A random variable X has probability density

(C) Sin 2  t1  t2  
function f(x) as given below : (D) Cos  2  t 1  t 
2

a  bx for 0  x  1
f (x)   AA [IES - EC - 1997]
 0 otherwise
(4) The autocorrelation function Rx ( ) of the
If the expected value E[X] = 2/3, then Pr[X < signal x(t) = V sin ωt is given by
0.5] is ___________
(A) (1/ 2)V 2 cos 
any conclusion about x(t)
(B) V 2 cos 
AD [GATE – EC1 – 2015] (C) V 2 cos2 
1
(2) A source emits bit 0 with probability and (D) 2V 2 cos2 
3
2 AA [IES - EC - 2002]
bit 1 with probability . The emitted bits are
3 (5) Two independent signals X and Y are known
communicated to the receiver. The receiver to be Gaussian with mean values x0 and y0
decides for either 0 or 1 based on the 2
and variances  x and  y2 . A signal Z = X –
received value R. It is given that the
conditional density functions of R are as Y is obtained from them. The mean z0 ,
2
1 variance  z and p.d.f p( z ) of the signal Z
 , 3  x  1, are given by
f R|0 (r)   4 and
 0 otherwise, (A) x 0  y0 ,  x2  2y , Gaussian

1 (B) x0  y0 ,  x2   y2 , Rayleigh
 , 1  x  5,
f R||0 (r)   6 (C) y0  x0 ,  y2   x2 , uniform
 0 otherwise,
(D) x0  y0 ,  x2   y2 , Gaussian
The minimum decision error probability is
(A) 0 (B) 1/12 AB [IES - EC - 2006]
(6) For random variable x having the probability
(C) 1/9 (D) 1/6 density function (PDF) as shown in the figure
below, what are the values of the mean and
AD [GATE – EC1 – 2014]
the variance, respectively?
(3) Consider a random process X (t) =
2 sin(2 t   ) where the random phase 
is uniformly distributed in the interval
[0,2 ] . The auto correlation E [X (t1) X
(t2)] is


(A) Cos 2  t1  t2   1 2 4
(A) and (B) 1 and
2 3 3

(B) Sin 2  t1  t2   2 4
(C) 1 and (D) 2 and
3 3

Page 98 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.9 – Random Variable
AA [IES - EC - 2008]
(7) What is the spectral density of white noise?

(A) A constant (A)

(B) ( )

2
(C) [()]

(D) A step function in  (B)

AB [IES - EC - 2010]
(8) If a random process X(t) is ergodic then,
statistical averages

(A) and time averages are different

(B) and time averages are same (C)

(C) are greater than time averages

(D) are smaller than time averages

AB [IES - EC - 1997]
(9) The autocorrelation function satisfies which
one of the following properties? (D)

(A) Rx ( )  Rx ( )

(B) Rx ( )  Rx ( )
A3.9to4.1 [GATE – EC2 – 2014]
(C) Rx ( )  Rx (0) (12) The power spectral density of a real
stationary random process X (t) is given by
(D) Rx ( )  1
1 f
 , W
A0.25 [GATE – EC3 – 2015] S X  f   W .
(10) A random binary wave y(t) is given by  0, f  W

y(t)   X p(t  nT  )
n
The value of the expectation
n 
  1 
E  X  t  X  t   is ----------.
where p(t) = u(t) – u(t – T), u(t) is the unit
  4W 
step function and  is an independent
random variable with uniform distribution in AA [IES-EC-2013]
[0, T]. The sequence {Xn} consists of (13) If the power spectral density is,
independent and dentically distributed binary  
valued random variables with P{Xn = +1}= R ( )   e j df and the auto correlation
2 
P{Xn = –1} = 0.5 for each n.
function is defined by
The value of the autocorrelation
The integral on the right represents the
 3T    3T  
R yy   E  y(t)y  t  equals ____. Fourier transform of
 4    4  
(A) Delta Function
AB [GATE – EC2 – 2015]
n 
(B) Step function
(11) Xn n  is an independent and distributed
(C) Ramp function
(i.i.d) random process with Xn equally likely
n  (D) Sinusoidal function
to be +1 or bute Yn n  is another random
AB [GATE – EC1 – 2014]
process obtained as Yn  Xn  0.5Xn1 . The (14) Let X be a real – valued random variable
autocorrelation function of
n 
Yn n  , with E [X] and E [X2] denoting the mean
values of X and X2, respectively. The
denoted by RY [K] , is : relation which always holds true is

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(A) (E[X]) 2 > E[X2] A A
(A) (B)
(B) E [X2] > (E[X]) 2 ( j  1) ( j  1)2

(C) E [X2] = (E[X]) 2 A A

(C) 2
(D)
(D) E[X2] > (E[X]) 2 (  1) ( j  1)

AB [GATE-EC-2012] AA [IES - EC - 2002]

(15) The power spectral density of a real process (19) The units of the spectrum obtained by
X(t) for positive frequencies is shown below. Fourier transforming the covariance function
The values of E[ X 2 (t )] and E[ X (t )] , of a stationary stochastic process is
respectively, are (A) Power per Hertz
(B) energy per Hertz
(C) Power per second
(D) Energy per second
AB [IES - EC - 2002]
(20) If the cumulative distribution function is
Fx ( x ), then the probability density function
f x ( x ) is given as
(A) 6000/ π , 0
d
(B) 6400 / π , 0
(A)  Fx (  x ) dx (B)
dx
Fx ( x)

(C) 6400 / π, 20 / (π 2) d
(C)  Fx (  x) dx (D) Fx ( x)
dx
(D) 6400 / π, 20 / (π 2) AB [IES - EC - 2004]
(21) Which one of the following gives the average
AA [IES - EC - 1998]
(16) The spectral density of a random signal is value or expectation of the function g ( X ) of
the random variable X?
given by  [ (  0 )   (  0 )] . The
auto-correlation function of the signal is {Given f ( X ) is the probability density
function)
(A) cos
0

(A) E  g ( X )   g ( X )dX
(B) sin 0 


(C) cos[(  0 ) ] (B) E  g ( X )   
g ( X ) f ( X )dX
(D) sin[(  0 ) ] 
(C) E  g ( X )   g * ( X )dX

AB [IES - EC - 1998]
(17) The auto correlation of a wide-sense   g(X ) 
stationary random process is given by e
2  (D) E  g ( X )    f ( X )  dX

 
.The peak value of the spectral density is
(A) 2 (B) 1 AB [IES - EC - 2005]
(22) The auto-correlation function R x ( τ ) of a
(C) e  1/ 2 (D) e random process has the property that Rx (0)
AC [IES - EC - 2000] is equal to
(18) A linear system has the transfer function (A) Square of the mean value of the process
1
H ( j )  .When it is subjected to an (B) Mean squared value of the process
( j  1)
input white noise process with a constant (C) mean squared value of the process
spectral density 'A', the spectral density of
the output will be : 1
(D) R x    R x   
2

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 Topic.9 – Random Variable
AD [IES - EC - 2007] AC [IES - EC - 2012]
(23) If a linear time invariant system is excited by (28) A random variable is known to have a
a true random signal like white noise, the cumulative distribution function
output of the linear system will have which  2
x 
of the following properties? Fx ( x )  U ( x )  1   its density function is
 b 
(A) Output will be a white noise
2x 2
(B) Output will be periodic (A) U ( x ) (1  e x /b )
b
(C) Output will not be random
2 x  x2 / b
(D) Output will be correlated or coloured (B) U ( x ) e
noise
b

AC [IES - EC - 2007]
 x2 
(C) U ( x )  1   ( x)
(24) Which of the following is/are not a  b 
property/properties of a power spectral
density functions S x ()?  x2   x2 /b
(D)  1   ( x)  e
 b 
(A) S x () is a real function of 
AC[GATE-EE-2014]
(B) S x () is an even function of 
(29) An input signal x(t) = 2+ 5 sin 100 t  is
(C) S x () is a non-positive function of i.e. sampled with a sampling frequency of 400
S x ()  0 for all  Hz and applied to the system whose transfer
function is represented by
(D) All of these
Y z 1  1  zN 
AB [IES - EC - 2008]   
X z N  1  z 1 
(25) Let x (n) be a real-valued sequence that is a
sample sequence of a wide-sense stationary Where, N represents the number of samples
discrete-time random process. The power pre cycle. The output y(n) of the system
density function of this signal is under steady state is
(A) Real, odd and non-negative (A) 0 (B) 1
(B) Real, even and non-negative (C) 2 (D) 5
(C) Purely imaginary, even and negative AA [GATE–S1–EC–2017]
(D) Purely imaginary, odd and negative (30) Let X(t) be a wide sense stationary random
process with the power spectral density
AA [IES - EC - 2008] SX  f  as shown in figure(a), where f is in
(26) A random variable X is defined by the
double exponential distribution Hertz(Hz). The random process X(t) is input
to an ideal lowpass filter with the frequency
Px ( x)  aeb|x| ,   x   response

Where a and b are +ve constants.  1

1, f  Hz
What is the relation between a and b so that Hf    2
px ( x ) is a probability density function? 0, 1
f  Hz
 2
(A) a  b / 2 (B) b  a / 2
As shown in figure (b). The output of the
(C) a  b (D) a  1 / b lowpass filter is Y(t)
AA [IES - EC - 2010]
(27) If random process X(t) and Y(t) are
orthogonal, then
(A) S XY ( f )  0
(B) S XY ( f )  S X ( f )  SY ( f )

(C) RXY ( τ )  h( τ )
(D) H ( f )  0
(a)
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SIGNAL & SYSTEM

(b)
Let E be the expectation operator and
consider the following statements:

I. E  X  t   E  Y  t  

II. E  X2  t   E  Y2  t  

III. E  Y 2  t    2

Select the correct option:

(A) only I is true
(B) Only II and III are true
(C) only I and II are true
(D) Only I and III are true
A2 [GATE–S2–EC–2017]
(31) Consider the random process
X (t )  U  Vt ,
where U is a zero-mean Gaussian random
variable and V is a random variable
uniformly distributed between 0 and 2.
Assume that U and V are statistically
independent. The mean value of the random
process at t = 2 is _____ .
AB [GATE – EC – 2018]
(32) Consider a white Gaussian noise process
N (t ) with two-sided power spectral density
S N ( f )  0.5 W/Hz as input to a filter with
2
impulse response 0.5e t / 2 (where is in
seconds) resulting in output ( ). The power
in ( ) in watts is
(A) 0.11 (B) 0.22
(C) 0.33 (D) 0.44

-------0000-------

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 10
MISCELLANEOUS
n n
AA [GATE – EC2 – 2015] 1 2
(C) 5   u[n]  5   u[n]
  3 3
(1) The signal cos  10t   is ideally sampled
 4 n n
at a sampling frequency of 15 Hz. The (D) 5  2  u[n]  5  1  u[n]
sampled signal is passed through a filter with 3 3
 sin( t)    A1.5 [GATE – EC3 – 2015]
impulse response   cos  40t   .
 t   2 (3) Two sequences x1[n] and x2[n] have the same
The filter output is energy. Suppose x1[n]  0.5n u[n], where
 is a positive real number and u[n] is the
15  
(A) cos  40 t   unit step sequence. Assume
2  4
 1.5 for n  0,1
x 2 [n]  
15  sin( t)     0 other wise.
(B)   cos  10t  
2  t   4 Then the value of  is ______.
15   AA [GATE – EC3 – 2015]
(C) cos  10t   (4) Consider a four-point moving average filter
2  4
3
defined by the equation y[n]    i x[n  i] .
15  sin( t)    i 0
(D)   cos  40t  
2  t   2 The condition on the filter coefficients that
AC [GATE – EC3 – 2015] results in a null at zero frequency is
(2) A realization of a stable discrete time system (A) 1  2  0; 0  3
is shown in the figure. If the system is
excited by a unit step sequence input x[n], (B) 1  2  1; 0  3
the response y[n] is
(C) 0  3  0; 1  2

(D) 1  2  0; 0  3

AC [GATE – EC – 1999]
(5) The input to a channel is a band pass signal.
It is obtained by linearly modulating a
sinusoidal carrier with a single – tone signal.
The output of the channel due to this input is
given by y(t) = (1/100) cos(100t  10 6 )
cos(106 t  1.56). The group delay (t g ) and
n n
1 2
(A) 4    u[n]  5    u[n] the phase delay ( t p ), in seconds, of the
 3  3 channel are

2
n
1
n
(A) t g  10 6 , t p  1.56
(B) 5    u[n]  3    u[n]
 3  3
(B) t g  1.56, t p  10 6

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(C) t g  10 8 , t p  1.56  10 6 (C)
0 d ()
, |   0
 (0 ) d
(D) t g  10 8 , t p  1.56
0
(D) 0 (0 ),   ( )d 
AC [GATE – IN – 2015] 
(6) The filter whose transfer function is of the
AB [GATE – EC – 2004]
s 2  bs  c
form G(s)  2 is : (10) Consider the signal x(t) shown in Fig. 1. Let
s  bs  c h(t) denote the impulse response of the filter
(A) a high-pass filter matched to x(t), with h(t) being non-zero
(B) a low-pass filter only in the interval 0 to 4 sec. The slope of
(C) an all-pass filter h(t) in the interval 3 < t < 4 sec is
(D) a band-reject filter
AA [GATE – EC – 2006]
(7) In the system shown below, x (t) = (sin t) u
(t). In steady-state, the response y (t) will be

(A)
1  
sin  t   (A) ½ sec1 (B) 1 sec1
2  4
(B)
1  
sin  t  
(C) 1/ 2 sec1 (D) 1 sec1
2  4 AD [GATE – EC – 1998]
1 1 (11) The ACF of a rectangular pulse of duration T
(C) e sin(t )
2 is
(D) sin(t )  cos(t ) (A) a rectangular pulse of duration T
(B) a rectangular pulse of duration 2 T
AC [GATE – EC – 1991]
(8) The pole-zero pattern of a certain filter is (C) a triangular pulse of duration T
shown in Fig. 1. The filter must be of the
(D) a triangular pulse of duration 2T
following type.
AA [GATE – EC – 2004]
(12) Consider the sequence

x  n    4  j5 1  j2 4
  
The conjugate anti-symmetric part of the
sequence is
(A) [4  j 2.5 j2 4  j2.5]
(A) low-pass (B) high-pass
(C) all-pass (D) band-pass (B) [ j 2.5 1 j 2.5]
AA [GATE – EC – 2000] (C) [ j5 j 2 0]
(9) A system has a phase response given by
(D) [4 1 4]
() where  is the angular frequency.
The phase delay and group delay at   0 AC [GATE – EC3 – 2015]
(13) The complex envelope of the bandpass signal
are respectively given by
 sin(t / 5)   
(A) 
 (  0 ) d  ( ) x(t)   2   sin  t   ,
, |   0  t / 5   4
0 d
1
centered about f  Hz , is
d 2 ( ) 2
(B)  ( 0 ),  |   0
d 2 sin( t / 5)  j 4 
(A)  e
 t / 5 

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 Topic.10 - Miscellaneous

 sin( t / 5)   j 4 AB [GATE – EC2 – 2014]
(B)  e (18) Let x [n] = x [-n]. Let X (z) is the z-transform
 t / 5 
of x [n]. If 0.5 + j 0.25 is a zero of X (z)
 sin( t / 5)  j 4
 which one of the following must also be a
(C) 2 e zero of X (z).
 t / 5 

(A) 0.5 – j 0.25
 sin(t / 5)   j 4
(D) 2 e (B) 1/ (0.5 + j0.25)
 t / 5 
(C) 1 / (0.5 – j0.25)
AD [GATE – EE1 – 2015]
(14) The transfer function of a second order real (D) 2 + j4
system with a perfectly flat magnitude AB [GATE – EC3 – 2014]
response of unity has a pole at (2 input x[n],
the response y[n] isis p
(19) For all pass system H  z 
 z  b ,
1

(A) Poles at (2  j3), no zeroes 1  az  1

(B) Poles at (  2 – j3), one zero at origin where H  e  j   1, for all  . If Re

(C) Poles at (2 –j3), (–2 + j3), zeroes at (–2–
j3), (2 + j3)
 a   0, Im  a   0, then b equals

(D) Poles at (2  j3), zeroes at (–2  j3) (A) A (B) a*

(C) 1/a* (D) 1/a
AA [GATE – EE2 – 2015]
(15) The z-Transform of a sequence x[n] is given AC [GATE – EC – 1996]
as (20) A rectangular pulse of duration T is applied
X  z   2z  4  4 / z  3 / z 2 . If y[n] is the
to a filter matched to this input. The output of
the filter is a
first difference of x[n], then Y(z) is given by
(A) rectangular pulse of duration T
8 7 3
(A) 2z  2   2  3 (B) rectangular pulse of duration 2T
z z z
6 1 3 (C) triangular pulse
(B) 2z  2   2  3
z z z (D) sine function
8 7 3 AA [GATE – EC – 2002]
(C) 2z  2    (21) A linear phase channel with phase delay T p
z z 2 z3
and group delay Tg must have
8 1 3
(D) 4z  2   2  3
z z z (A) Tp  Tg  constant
AC [GATE – EC2 – 2014] (B) Tp  F and Tg  f
(16) An FIR system is described by the system
function. The system is (C) Tp  constant and Tg  f
7 3
H  Z   1  Z 1  Z  2 (D) Tp  f and Tg  constant
2 2
(A) Maximum phase ( f denotes frequency)
(B) minimum phase
AB [GATE – EC – 2006]
(C) Mixed phase (22) A low-pass filter having a frequency
(D) zero phase response H ( j) = A()e j (  does not
produce any phase distortion if
A44to46 [GATE – EC1 – 2014]
(17) A continuous linear time-invariant filter has (A) A()  C2 ,  ()  k 3
an impulse response h (t) described by
(B) A( )  C 2 ,  ( )  k 
3 for 0  t  3
ht  
0 otherwise (C) A()  C ,  ()  k 2
When a constant input of value 5 is applied (D) A( )  C ,  ()  k 1
to this filter the steady state output is -------.

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
AB [GATE – EC – 2010] K (s 2  20 )
H ( s) 
(23) A system with the transfer function s 2  (0 / Q)s  20
Y ( s) s
 has an output (A) all pass filter
X (s ) s  p
(B) low pass filter
 
y (t )  cos  2t   for the input signal (C) band pass filter
 3
  (D) notch filter
x (t )  p cos  2t   . Then, the system
 2 AC [GATE – EC – 1990]
parameter ‘p’ is (26) The magnitude and phase functions for a
2 distortionless filter should respectively be:
(A) 3 (B)
3 (Magnitude) (Phase)

3 (A) Linear Constant

(C) 1 (D)
2 (B) Constant Constant

AC [GATE – EC – 2010] (C) Constant Linear

(24) Consider the pulse shape s (t) as shown. The (D) Linear Linear
impulse response h (t) of the filter matched to
this pulse is AD [GATE – EC – 1999]
(27) The input to a matched filter is given by
10sin(2106 t ), 0  t | 104 sec
s (t )  
0, otherwise
The peak amplitude of the filter output is
(A) 10 volts (B) 5 volts
(C) 10 millivolts (D) 5 millivolts
(A)
AC [GATE – EC – 2002]
2sin 2t
(28) In Fig. 1 m(t) = ,
t
sin199t
s(t)  cos200t and n(t )  .
t
The output y(t) will be
(B)
sin 2t
(A)
t
sin 2t sin t
(B)  cos3t
t t
(C) sin 2t sin 0.5t
(C)  cos1.5t
t t
sin 2t sin t
(D)  cos 0.75t
t t
Common Data Questions for the Next Two
(D) Questions :
The system under consideration is an RC low-pass
filter (RC-LPF) with R = 1.0 k and C = 1.0 F.

AC [GATE – EC – 2003]
AD [GATE – EC – 1988]
(29) Let H(f) denote the frequency response of the
(25) Specify the filter type if its voltage transfer
function H(s) is given by RC-LPF. Let f1 be the highest frequency

Page 106 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 Topic.10 - Miscellaneous

such that 0 | f | f1 , | H ( f1 ) | (A) 0

 0.95 . Then
H (0) (B) 20.25 cos(2t  0.125
f1 (in Hz) is
(C) 20.5 cos(2t  0.125)
(A) 327.8 (B) 163.9
(C) 52.2 (D) 104.4 (D) 20.5 cos(2t  0.25)

AA [GATE – EC – 2003] AB [GATE – EC – 2005]

(30) Let t g  f  be the group delay function of the (35) A signal x  n   sin   0 n  f  is the input to
a linear time-invariant system having a
given RC-LPF and f 2  100 Hz.
frequency response H (e j ) . If the output of
Then t g ( f 2 ) in ms, is the system is Ax( n  n0 ), then the most
(A) 0.717 (B) 7.17 general form of H (e j ) will be
(C) 71.7 (D) 4.505
(A)  n0 0   for any arbitrary real 
AC [GATE – EC – 2004]
(B)  n0 0  2k for any arbitrary integer k
(31) A system has poles at 0.01 Hz, 1 Hz and 80
Hz; zeros at 5 Hz. 100 Hz and 200 Hz. The (C) n0 0  2k for any arbitrary integer k
approximate phase of the system response at
20 Hz is (D)  n0 0  

(A) 900 (B) 00 AA [GATE – EC – 2009]

(36) A system with transfer function H (z) has
(C) 900 (D) 1800 impulse response h(n) defined as h(2)  1,
AA [GATE – EC – 2007] h(3) = -1 and h(k )  0 otherwise. Consider
(32) The 3  dB bandwidth of the low-pass the following statements.
signal e  t u (t ), where u(t) is the unit step
S1 : H  z  is a low-pass filter.
function, is given by
S 2 : H  z  is an FIR filter.
1
(A) Hz
2 Which of the following is correct?

1 (A) Only S 2 is true

(B) 2  1 Hz
2 (B) Both S1 and S 2 are false
(C)  (C) Both S1 and S 2 are true, and S 2 is a
(D) 1 Hz reason for S1
Statement for Linked Question for the Next Two (D) Both S1 and S 2 are true, but S 2 is not
Questions : a reason for S1
The impulse response h(t) of a linear time-invariant
continuous time system is given by h(t) = exp(  2 Statement for Linked Question for the Next Two
t) u(t), where u(t) denotes the unit step function. Questions :
It is required to design an anti-aliasing filter for an
AC [GATE – EC – 2008] 8 bit ADC. The filter is a first order RC filter with
(33) The frequency response H () of this R = 1  and C = 1F. The ADC is designed to span
system in terms of angular frequency , is a sinusoidal signal with peak to peak amplitude
given by H () = equal to the full scale range of the ADC.

1 sin()
(A) (B)
1  j 2 
1 j
(C) (D)
2  j 2  j
AD [GATE – EC – 2008] AA [GATE - EE - 2006]
The output of this system, to the sinusoidal (37) The transfer function of the filter and its roll
(34)
input x(t) = 2cos(2t ) for all time t, is of respectively are :

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
(A) 1/(1 + RCs), - 20 dB/decade AC [GATE – EC – 2005]
(B) (1 + RCs), - 40dB/decade (42) The derivative of the symmetric function
drawn in Fig. 1 will look like
(C) 1/(1 + RCs), - 40dB/decade
(D) {RCs/(1+RCs)}, -20 dB/decade
AB [GATE - EE - 2006]
(38) What is the SNR (in dB) of the ADC? Also
find the frequency (in decades) at the filter
output at which the filter attenuation just
exceeds the SNR of the ADC.
(A) 50 dB, 2 decades
(B) 50 dB, 2.5 decades
(C) 60 dB, 2 decades
(D) 60 dB, 2.5 decades
(A)
AA [GATE – EC – 2005]
(39) The function x(t) is shown in Fig. Even and
odd parts of a unit-step function u(t) are
respectively,

(B)

1 1 1 1
(A) , x(t ) (B)  , x(t )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(C) ,  x(t ) (D)  ,  x(t )
2 2 2 2 (C)

AA [GATE – EC – 2006]
(40) A solution for the differential equation
x(t)  2x(t )  (t) with initial condition
x(0)  0 is
(A) e2t u (t ) (B) e 2 t u (t )
(D)
(C) e  t u (t ) (D) et u (t )

A(A-1,B-3,C-4) [GATE – EC – 1995]

(41) Match each of the items, A, B and C, with an
appropriate item from 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
AC [GATE – EC – 2005]
(A) Fourier transform (1) Gaussian (43) Match the following and choose the correct
of a Gaussian function combination.
function
(B) Convolution of a (2) Rectangular E- Continuous 1- Fourier
rectangular pulse pulse and a periodic representation is
with itself signal continuous and
periodic
(C) Current through an (3) Triangular
inductor for a step pulse F- Continuous 2- Fourier
input voltage and periodic representation is
(4) Ramp signal discrete and a
function periodic
(5) Zero G- Discrete and a 3- Fourier
periodic signal representation is

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 Topic.10 - Miscellaneous
continuous and (A) e j  t u (t )
0
(B) cos(  0 t )
periodic (C) e j0 t
(D) sin(0t )
H- Discrete and 4- Fourier S3A0.04-0.06 [GATE – EC – 2016]
periodic signal representation is
discrete and (48) A continuous-time filter with transfer
periodic 2s  6
function H ( s )  2 is converted to
s  6s  8
(A) E-3, F-2, G-4, H-1
a discrete time filter with transfer function
(B) E-1, F-3, G-2, H-4 2 z 2  0.5032 z
(C) E-1, F-2, G-3, H-4 G (z)  2 so that the impulse
z  0.5032 z  k
(D) E-2, F-1, G-4, H-3 response of the continuous-time filter,
sampled at 2 Hz, is identical at the sampling
AA [GATE – EC – 2007]
instants to the impulse response of the
(44) A Hilbert transformer is a
discrete time filter. The value of is
(A) non-linear system
________
(B) non-causal system
(C) time-varying system S1AC [GATE – EC – 2016]
(D) low – pass system (49) A first-order low-pass filter of time constant
T is excited with different input signals (with
AA [GATE – EC – 2009] zero initial conditions up to t = 0). Match the
(45) An LTI system having transfer function excitation signals X, Y, Z with the
s2  1 corresponding time responses for t  0:
and input x(t) = sin(t 1) is in
s 2  2s  1
X: Impulse P: 1  e  t /T
steady state. The output is sampled at a rate
s rad/s to obtain the final output {y(k )}. Y: Unit step Q: t  T (1  e  t / T )
which of the following is true?
(A) y is zero for all sampling frequencies Z: Ramp R: e  t / T
s (A) X→R, Y→Q, Z→P
(B) y is nonzero for all sampling frequencies
(B) X→Q, Y→P, Z→R
s
(C) y is nonzero for s > 2, but zero for (C) X→R, Y→P, Z→Q
s  2 (D) X→P, Y→R, Z→Q
(D) y is zero for s  2, but nonzero for S6AD [GATE – EE – 2016]
s  2 (50) The output of a continuous-time, linear time-
invariant system is denoted by T{x(t)} where
AC [GATE – EC – 2014] x(t) is the input signal. A signal z(t) is called
(46) Let X(t) be a wide sense stationary (WSS) eigen-signal of the system T , when T{z(t)} =
random with power spectral density Sx  f  . yz(t), where y is a complex number, in
If Y(t) is the process defined as Y(t) = X(2t – general, and is called an eigenvalue of T.
1), the power spectral density S Y  f  Suppose the impulse response of the system
T is real and even. Which of the following
1 f  statements is TRUE?
(A) SY  f   SX   e  jt
2 2 (A) cos(t) is an eigen-signal but sin(t) is not
1 f  (B) cos(t) and sin(t) are both eigen-signals
(B) SY  f   SX   e jt / 2
2 2 but with different eigenvalues
1 f  (C) sin(t) is an eigen-signal but cos(t) is not
(C) SY  f   SX  
2 2 (D) cos(t) and sin(t) are both eigen-signals
1 f  with identical eigenvalues
(D) SY  f   SX   e j2 t
2 2 A7.90-8.10 [GATE–S1–EC–2017]
(51) A continuous time signal x(t) = 4
S1AC [GATE – EC – 2016]
(47) Which one of the following is an eigen cos  200 t   8cos  400 t  , where t is in
function of the class of all continuous-time, seconds, is the input to a linear time invariant
linear, time-invariant systems (u(t) denotes (LTI) filter with the impulse response
the unit-step function)?
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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
 2sin  300t 
 , t0
ht   t
 600, t 0

Let y(t) be the output of this filter. The
maximum value of y  t  is _________

AC [GATE–S2–EC–2017]
(52) An LTI system with unit sample response
h[ n]  5[ n]  7[ n  1]  7[ n  3]
5[ n  4] is a

(A) low-pass filter

(B) high-pass filter
(C) band-pass filter
(D) band-stop filter
AB [GATE–S2–EC–2017]
(53) The signal x(t) = sin(14000 t ) , where t is in
seconds is sampled at a rate of 9000 samples
per second. The sampled signal is the input to
an ideal lowpass filter with frequency
response H(f) as follows :
 1, | f | 12 kHz
H( f ) 
 0, | f | 12 kHz
What is the number of sinusoids in the output
and their frequencies in kHz? Which one of the following is TRUE about
(A) Number = 1, frequency = 7 the frequency selectivity of these systems?
(B) Number = 3, frequency = 2, 7, 11 (A) All three are high-pass filters.
(C) Number = 2, frequency = 2, 7 (B) All three are band-pass filters.
(D) Number = 2, frequency = 7, 11 (C) All three are low-pass filters.
AD [GATE–S1–EE–2017] (D) P is a low-pass filter, Q is a band-pass
(54) The transfer function of a system is given by, filter and R is a high-pass filter.
V0  s  1  s
 . Let the output of the system AC [GATE-EE-2019]
Vi  s  1  s (56) A system transfer function is
be v0  t   vm sin  t   for the input, a s 2  b1 s  c1
H (s)  1 2 . If a1  b1  0 , and all
vi  t   Vm sin  t  . Then the minimum and a2 s  b2 s  c2
other coefficients are positive, the transfer
maximum values of  (in radians) are
function represents a
respectively (A) band pass filter (B) high pass filter
  
(A) and (B) and 0 (C) low pass filter (D) notch filter
2 2 2
AC [GATE-EC-2019]

(C) 0 and (D)  and 0 (57) It is desired to find three-tap causal filter
2 which gives zero signal as an output to an
AB [GATE–S2–EE–2017] input of the form
(55) The pole-zero plots of three discrete-time  jn   j n 
x(n)  c1 exp     c2 exp  
systems P, Q and R on the z-plane are shown  2   2 
below. Where c1 and c2 are arbitrary real numbers.
The desired three-tap filter is given by
h[0]  1, h[1]  a, h[2]  b

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 Topic.10 - Miscellaneous
And LTI Systems Continuous And
h[n]  0, for n  0 or n > 2 . Discrete (Time Domain)
What are the values of the filter taps a and b AC [GATE – EC – 1994]
if the output is y[n] = 0 for all n, when x[n] is (1) The 3-dB bandwidth of a typical second-
as given above? order system with the transfer function.
Cs 2n
 , is given by
R s  s 2  2n s  2n

2
(A) a = 1, b = 1 (B) a = –1, b = 1 (A) n 1  2

(C) a = 0, b = 1 (D) a = 0, b = –1 (B)  n 1  2  2

4  2  1

********** (C)  n 1  2  2
4 4  4 2  2

(D)  n 1  2  2
4 4  4 2  2

AB [GATE – EC – 2005]
(2) For a signal x(t) the Fourier transform is
X(f). Then the inverse Fourier transform of
X(3f + 2) is given by
1  1  j3 t
(A) x e
2 2

1  t   j4 t /3
(B) x  e
3 3
(C) 3x  3t  e  j4 t
(D) x(3t + 2)
AD [GATE – EC – 2013]
t 2
(3) Let g(t) = e , and h(t) is a filter matched
to g(t). If g(t) is applied as input to h(t), then
the Fourier transform of the output is
2 2
(A) ef (B) ef /2

2
(C) e   f (D) e2 f
AD [GATE – EC – 2005]
n
1
(4) Let x  n    u  n  , y  n   x 2  n  and
 2
Y  e j  be the Fourier transform of y(n).
j0
Then Y e is  
1
(A) (B) 2
4
4
(C) 4 (D)
3
AA [GATE – EC – 2013]
(5) The DFT of a vector [a b c d] is the vector
      . Consider the product

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
a b c d  (A) 1-j, 1.875
d a b c 
(B) 1-j, 1.500
 p q r s  
 a b c d   
c d a b (C) 1+j, 1.875
 
b c d a  (D) 0.1-j0.1, 1.500
The DFT of a vector [p q r s] is a scaled AA [GATE – EE – 2014]
version of (9) A discrete system is represented by the
2
(A)  
2
 2 2  difference equation
 X1  k  1   a a  1  X1  k  
(B)          
  X 2  k  1  a  1 1   X 2  k 
(C)           It has initial conditions X1  0   1; X 2  0   0
(D)      . The pole locations of the system for a = 1,
are
AC [GATE – EC – 2015]
(6) Two sequences [a, b, c] and [A, B, C] are (A) 1  j0 (B) 1  j0
 A  1 1 1  a  (C) 1  j0 (D) 0  j1
 B   1 W 1 W 2  b  where
   3 3  
AB [GATE – EC – 2018]
2 4
 C  1 W3 W3   c  (10) A discrete-time all-pass system has two of its
j
2
3
poles at 0.250 0 and 2300 . Which one of
W3  e
the following statements about the system is
If another sequence [p, q, r] is derived as, TRUE?
(A) It has two more poles at 0.530 0 and
 p  1 1 1  1 0 0   A / 3
40 0 .
q   1 W1 W32  0 W32 0   B / 3 
   3
(B) It is stable only when the impulse
 r  1 W32 W34  0 0 W34   C / 3  response is two-sided.
then the relationship between the sequences (C) It has constant phase response over all
[p, q, r] and [a, b, c] is frequencies.

(A) [p, q, r] = [b, a, c] (D) It has constant phase response over the
entire z-plane.
(B) [p, q, r] = [b, c, a]
(C) [p, q, r] = [c, a, b]
(D) [p, q, r] = [c, b, a] -------0000-------
A11 [GATE – EC – 2015]
(7) Consider two real sequences with time-origin
marked by the bold value,
x 1  n   1, 2, 3, 0  , x 2  n   1, 3, 2, 1

Let X1  k  and X 2  k  be 4-point DFTs of

x 1  n  and x 2  n  , respectively

Another sequence x 3  n  is derived by taking

4-point inverse DFT of
X 3  k   X 1  k  X 2  k  . The value of x 3  2  is
__________.
AA[GATE – IN – 2010]
(8) 4-Point DFT of a real discrete –time signal
x[n] of length 4 is given by
X  k  , n  0,1, 2,3 . It is given that
X 0   5, X 1  1  j1, X  2   0 , then X[3]
and X[0] respectively are
Page 112 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)
 ANSWERS

Signal & System Answer Keys

01 – Continuous Time Signal & Sys.
System’s Classfication
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A C D D D D C B B D D D B B B D
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
D A A D D B B B C C B D D D A C
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
A D D D B A A A * B C B C D

41. (1-D),(2-B)

Continuous Signal
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
A B C A D D A C B C B

Periods of Signal
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A C D B A C A B,D A B A D * D 6 A
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
0 B A 8 1 D 6 *

24. 11.99 to 12.01

Convolution Theorem
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
D C D C D A B A * B * C A D A B
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
A A D B B C * C C D A D B C * C
33 34 35 36 37
C A 31 A D

9. 3.9 to 4.1
11. 0.4
d
23. h (t )  f (t )
dt

31.
 1 2 t 1 t 
  3 e  3 e  u (t )

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 SIGNAL & SYSTEM

Delta Functions
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 14
A C B B A * D B B C D A C A A

6. e2

Energy, Power & RMS

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
* A B C D D A C C C B B D * C B
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
A A B A D A * * 7 6 D

14. 0.408
23. 0.24 to 0.26
24. 7.95 to 8.05

Miscellaneous
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
B C D * * A B A D B A C B D C D
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
C D C B B D A D D B A C C D B A
33 34
B B

4. 0.155
5. 0.19to0.21

02 – Discrete signal & systems

System’s Classification
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A A B A A A A A D B C D B D B C
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
C A D C C D D D A D A

Miscellaneous
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
B A C C B D C A D * C A D A B D
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
D C A A C B A A D A A D A A A D
33 34 35 36 37 38 39
A A B * D 2 D

10. 9.9to10.1

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 ANSWERS

03 – Fourier Series
Theoretical Problem
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A D A D B C A D A D D A D A A B

Numerical Problem
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
D A 0.5 A 0.5 C C * D B A C B A D *
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
B B D C C D C C C D D A C A A A
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
D A B B A A C A A B B C C C C A
49 50
* C

 2 
8.  
 8 
16. 0.50to0.52
49. 9.5-10.5

04 – Fourier Transform
Theoretical Problem
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
C C B A C C C B C B B C C C D A
17 18 19 20 21
D C B C B

Numerical Problem
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
C C B B A A D B * D C C A A C B
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
C A A A D * D C A D C A D C B A
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
C * B D C B C D D D A D A C A D
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
B B C D D D B A D A A D C B C B
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
D D B B C A,C C B C B B A MTA C 9

9. 59.9to60.1
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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
22. 3.36to3.39
34. (1-A)(2-C)

05 – Laplace Transform
Theoretical Problem
01 02 03 04 05
B A B D D

Numerical Problem
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
B B * C A C B D B C C A * B B B
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
* A B C A B A C C A A D C A A D
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
C D A C C A A D C C B B D A A D
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
B -2 B C B A B B B A C A D C B *
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
D D B D B D D B D B D A A C A C
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
D B D D A D C D B C D D B B D B
97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
B A B B C C B B C B B A A B A C
113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128
90 A D MTA * A D A * B * * B * * C
129 130 131
D C A

3. FALSE
13. 0.99to1.01
17. -0.01to0.01
117. 0.96 to 1.04
121. 0.45to0.55
123. 0.550to0.556
124. 1.284
126. -2.4to-2.0
127. 0.46 to 0.48

Page 116 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)

 ANSWERS

06 – Sampling Theorem
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
* * A B C B B C C C D B A * C A
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
C A D D A B * C D C B C C B A C
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
A C D * C B 6 B C 13 A 8.0

1. 2.99to3.01
2. 9.5to10.5
14. 14
23. 3.6kHz
36. 12to14

07 – Z- Transform
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0 A C A * A B C D A B C C A 0 2
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
C A D C D B A B A A * C C D B A
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B C C D B A C B A B D * C C A D
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
A B A B C B B B C A A C B C C C
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
D A C A B D D C A B C A A B A B
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
C C B B B A B A A B D C C * C C
97
A

27. -0.6to-0.4
44. 11.9to12.1
94. 0.09to0.1

08 – DSF/DTFT/DFT/FFT
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A A * B D D A C B D A B * * * *
17 18 19 20 21
B * C * A

3. 9.99to10.01
13. 7.9to8.1

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SIGNAL & SYSTEM
14. 4096
15. 5.9-6.1
16. 2.05to2.15
18. 2.90-3.10
20. –27.01 to 26.99

09 – Random Variable
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0.25 D D A A B A B B 0.25 B * A B B A
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
B C A B B B D C B A A C C A 2 B

12. 3.9-4.1

10 – Miscellaneous
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A C 1.5 A C C A C A B D A C D A C
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
* B B C A B B C D C D C C A C A
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
C D B A A B A A * C C A A C C *
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
C D * C B D B C C

17. 44-46
41. (A-1,B-3,C-4)
48. 0.04to0.06
51. 7.9to8.1

LTI Systems Continuous And Discrete (Time Domain)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
C B D D A C 11 A A B

****************

Page 118 TARGATE EDUCATION GATE-(EE/EC)