(A) p1  14.

7 psia; T1  50  460  510 R; M = 900 lb/min

1. In an ideal Brayton cycle, air enters the compressor at 15 psia and
p2  162 psia; T2a  648  460  1108R
75˚ F. The temperature of the air at turbine inlet is 1600˚ F. For

maximum theoretical net work, find 
MRT1  900  53.3 510 
(A) the temperature of the air leaving the compressor, F; (B) V    11,557 ft 3 / min
(B) the pressure ratio;
p1 14.7 144 
 k 1 / k  1.4 1 /1.4 
(C) the net work, Btu/lb; and p   162 
(D) the thermal efficiency. (C ) T2S  T1  2   510    1012.4
 p1   14.7 
If the end conditions remain unchanged but the pressure ratio is
C 
wkS

c p T2S  T1


1012.4  510
 0.84 or 84%

increased to 15, find:
(E) the net work, Btu/lb, and (f) the thermal efficiency.
S
wka c p T2a  T1 1108  510 
 (D) HPS  M c p (T1  T2S )




900  0.24 510  1012.4      2558 hp (on)
P1 = 15 psia T3 = 1600 + 460 = 2060 R
42.42
T1 = 75 +460 = 535 R
 

(E) HPa  M c p T1  T2a
(A) T2  T1T3  535  2060  1050 R = 590 F

900 0.24 510  1108      3045 hp (on)
 k / k 1
 1.4 / 0.4 
p T   1050  42.42
(B) rp  2   2     10.6
p1  T1   535 
Wk  max 
(C )
J

=c p T3  T1  2 T1T3  4. A 2 kW centrifugal compressor operates with suction conditions of
100 kPa abs and 25˚ C. The pressure ratio for the unit is 3 and

= 0.24 2060 + 535 -2 535  2060  118.9 Btu/lb  C  0.70 Determine:
S

(D) t max work   1  T1 / T3  1  535 / 2060  0.49  49% (A) the discharge pressure,
(B) the discharge temperature (actual), and
(E ) rp  15
(C) the work inpt per kg f air.
 k 1 / k   k 1 / k 
  rp  ; T2  T1  rp 
T2
T1 
0.4 /1.4
T2  535(15)  1160 R p 
(A) rp   2  ; p2  rp p1
TT
T4  1 3 
535  2060
 950 R  p1 
T2 1160 p2  3  100 kPa = 300 kPa abs
wk
 c p T3  T4   c p T1  T2  (B) discharge temperature:
J  k 1 / k 
T2S P  0.4 /1.4 
= 0.24(2060 - 950) + 0.24(535 -1160)  2 ; T2S  298  3   407.9 K
= 266.4 - 150.0 = 116.4 Btu/lb
T1  P1 

(f) t 
wk 116.4
  0.539  53.9% or

wk a  c p T1  T2a  c p T1  T2S / CS   
qs 216.0
T2a 

T1 CS  1  T2S  
298 0.7  1  407.9
 455 K
1 1
t  1   k 1 / k 
 1  53.9% C 0.7
15
0.4 /1.4 
 rp 
S

(C) compressor work:

C 
wkS

c p T1  T2S  
2. Determine : S
wka c p T1  T2a  
(A) the best intercooler pressure and
(B) the work required per kilogram of air for an ideal two-stage wk a 

c p T1  T2S   1.0048 298  407.9      157.8 kJ/kg
compressor operating between a suction pressure of 105 kPa abs C S
0.70
and a discharge pressure of 1260 kPa abs. The suction 2.
temperature is 25˚ C. 5. A split shaft gas turbine has a power turbine rated at 15,000
1. internal horsepower. Typical operating conditions for the unit are:
 compressor inlet 14.5 psia and 60˚ F; compressor discharge 174
p1 = 105 kPa abs ; p2 = 1260 kPa abs psia and 716˚ F; compressor turbine inlet 171 psia and 1630˚ F;
t1 = tA = tB = tE = 25˚ C and power turbine exhaust 14.8 psia and 760˚ F. The compressor
(A) best intercooler pressure: turbine at the above rating has an 85 percent isentropic turbine
p1  p1  p2  105  1260  363.7 kPa abs efficiency. For these rated conditions,
(A) sketch the T-s diagram for the cycle, and then calculate:
(B) work of ideal cycle: (B) the compressor isentropic efficiency, %
  k 1 / k   (C) the compressor turbine discharge pressure and temperature,
p 
Wk t  2c pT1 1   i   psia, ˚R
  p1  
(D) the power turbine isentropic efficiency, %
 1.4 1 /1.4  (E) the compressor turbine power output, hp
 363.7 
=  2 1.0048 25  273  1     (F) the cycle thermal efficiency
  105  
    255.2 kJ/kg fuel 3’
Combustion
Chamber 3
3. An axial flow compressor discharges 900 lb/min of air. Inlet 2
conditions are 14.7 psia and 50 F, while the actual discharge Power Output
conditions are 162 psia and 648˚ F. For the process: compressor Turbine
(A) sketch the T-s diagram and then calculate
(B) the capacity, ft3/min
Compressor 4
(C) the isentropic compression efficiency 1 From
Turbine to
(D) the isentropic compression power, hp atmosphere atmosphere
(E) the actual compression power, hp
Split Shaft Open Brayton Cycle

(A) TS Diagram
 6. A split-shaft gas turbinehas a power turbine rated at 15,000
internal horsepower. Typical operating conditions for the unit are:
compressor inlet, 14.5 psia and 60˚ F; compressor discharge, 174
psia and 716˚ F; compressor turbine inlet, 171 psia and 1630˚ F;
and power turbine exhaust, 14.8 psia and 760˚ F. The compressor
turbine has an 85% isentropic turbine efficiency at the above
power rating.
(A) Sketch the T-s diagram for the cycle; then, using the Air
Tables, calculate:

(B) the compressor isentropic efficiency, %

(C) the compressor turbine discharge pressure and temperature,
psia, ˚R
(D) the power turbine isentropic efficiency, %
(E) the compressor turbine power output, hp
(F) the cycle thermal efficiency, %

 
p1 = 14.5 psia T1 = 60 + 460 = 520˚ R p1 = 14.5 psia T1 = 60 + 460 = 520˚ R
p2 = 174 psia T2a = 716 + 460 = 1176˚ R p2 = 174 psia T2a = 716 + 460 = 1176˚ R
p3 = 171 psia T3 = 1630 + 460 = 2090˚ R p3 = 171 psia T3 = 1630 + 460 = 2090˚ R
p4 = 14.8 psia T4a = 760 + 460 = 1220˚ R p4 = 14.8 psia T4a = 760 + 460 = 1220˚ R

(A) TS - Diagram
k 1 0.4
p  k
 174  1.4
(B) T2S  T1  2   520    1056.6 R
 p1   14.5 
isentropic compressor work T2S  T1
C  
S
actual copressor work T2a  T1
1057.6 - 520
=  0.8195  82.0%
1176 - 520
 
(C ) W k12   W k33a '

   
 
M c p T1  T2a   M c p T3  T3a '
T3a '  T1  T2a  T3  520  1176  2090  1434 R
actual turbine work
t 
S
isentropic turbine work
T3  T3 '
 0.85
T3  T3S '
 T3  T3a '  (B) From the Gas Tables:
T3'S  T3   
 0.85  State T h pr u vr
 2090  1434  1 520 124.27 1.2147 88.62 158.58
 2090     1318 R
 0.85 
k p   174 
 T3 '  k 1 pr2  pr1  2   1.2147    14.576
p3 '  p3  S   p1 S  14.5 
 T3 
1.4
 1318  0.4 State T h pr u vr
p3' = 171    34.06 psia 2S 1048 252.95 14.584 181.11 26.62
 2090 
(D) For the power turbine:
k 1 0.4
P  k  14.8 1.4 isentropic compression work h < T2S > - h <T1 
T4S  T3a '  4   1434    1130 R C  
P '
 3   34.06  S
actual compression work h  T2a  h  T1 
actual expansion work
 tS 
isentropic expansion work State T h pr u vr
T3 ' T4a 1434  1220 2a 1176 285.20 22.28 204.59 19.556
 tS  a   70.4%
T3a '  T4S 1434  1130
252.95  124.27
(E ) For the power turbine: C   0.7996  80.0%
S
285.20  124.27
 
W k  M c p (T3a ' T4a ) or
 

M 

15,000  42.42   12,389 lb/min
(C) W k12   W k33' a

0.240  1434  1220  State T h pr u vr

For the compressor turbine: 3 2090 529.75 208.06 386.48 3.721

 
 
W k  M c p T3  T3a '  
M h  T1  h  T2a     M h  T3  h  T3'a  
Wk 

12,389 0.240 2090  1434   45,980 hp (by) or h  T3'a   h  T1  h  T2a  h  T3'a 
42.42

 
  = 124.27 - 285.20 + 529.75 = 368.82
P = W k  M c p T2a  T1

P=
12,389 0.240 1176  520   45,980 hp (by)
State T h pr u vr
42.42 3’a 1499 368.91 55.71 266.14 9.967
(F) Thermal efficiency:

t 
wk33a ' wk3 4 ' wk12a
a a

wk3 4 '
a a


c p T3a ' T4a 
q23 q23 c T
p 3  T2a 
t =
1434 - 1220   0.234  23.4%
 2090 - 1176 
 T3a '  1499 R 
actual expansion work Tamb= Ta = 530˚ R M = 116 lb/sec
t  S T3 = 2000˚ R Va = 850 ft/sec
isentropic expansion work
pa = 15 psia
h < T3 > - h <T3a ' 
  0.85
h  T3  h  T3S ' 
h  T3  h  T3a ' 
h  T3S '   h  T3  
0.85
529.75  368.91
 529.75 
0.85
 340.53
State T h pr u vr
3’S 1391 340.55 41.84 245.20 12.315

 pr 3 '   41.84 
p3 '  p3  S   171    34.39 psia
 pr 3   208.06 
p   14.8 
(D) pr4  pr 3 '  4   55.71    23.98
 p3' S  34.39 
a

T h pr u vr
State
1220 296.1 25.53 212.78 17.700
4a
State
1200 291.30 24.01 209.05 18.514
4S
actual expansion work h < T3a ' > - h <T4a 
t  
S
isentropic expansion work h  T3a '  h  T4S 
368.91  296.41
  0.934  93.4%
368.91  291.30
Ram compression:
V2 V2
(E) For the power turbine: ha  a  h1  1  h1  0
2gC J 2gC J
 
 
W k  M h  T3a '  h  T4a  or Va2
 h1  ha

M
15,000 42.42  8,780 lb/min
2gC J
368.91  296.41 Va2
 c p T1  Ta 
2gC J
850 
2
For the compressor turbine:
 0.24 T1  530 
 

W k  M h  T3  h  T3a '   or 2 32.2 778 
T1  590 R

M
8,780  529.75  368.91 k
 42.42 
1.4
 T  k 1  590  0.4
p1  pa  1   15    21.8 psia

T
 a  530 
M  33,300 hp (by) or

 
 
W k  M h  T2a  h  T1  Compressor:
8780  285.20  124.27  p2  12p1  261.6 psia
 k 1
42.42 p  k 0.4
 T2  T1  2   590 12 1.4  1200 R
W k  33,300 hp (by)  p1 

(F) Thermal Efficiency: h2 + q23 = h3

Combustor:
wk 33a ' wk3 4 ' wk12a wk3 4 '
t  a a
 a a

q23 q23 q23 = h3 – h2 = cp(T3 – T2)

h < T3a ' > - h <T4a  = 0.24 (2000 – 1200) = 192.0 Btu/lb
 p3 = p2 = 261.6 psia
h  T3  h  T2a 
368.91  296.41 Turbine:
  29.6%
529.75  285.2
wk 34
h3 = h4 +
7. A turbojet engine is equipped with a 12-stage, axial flow J
compressor having a mechanical compression pressure ratio of 12 wk 34
to 1. The engine is designed to handle 90 lb of air per second = h3 - h4
J
under sea level static conditions and 116 lb of air per second at a
wk(turbine) wk(compressor)
flight velocity of 850 ft/sec at sea level. Material design =
considerations limit the temperature of the working substance J J
entering the turbine to 2000˚ R at 7950 rpm. The ambient thus; h2 - h1 = h3 -h4
temperature and pressure are 15 psia and 530˚ R. Cp (T2 - T1 ) = Cp ( T3 -T4 )
(A) Estimate the thrust, propulsive efficiency and thermal T4  T3  (T2  T1 )
efficiency of the engine, assuming all processes to be ideal and
the engine frictionless, for a flight velocity of 850 ft/sec at sea level. T4 = 2000 - (1200 - 590)  1390R
k
(B) When the above engine is equipped for afterburning, the 1.4
 T  k 1  1390  0.4
nozzle inlet temperature is 2500˚ R. Assuming all of the stated P4 = P3  4   261.6   = 73.2 psia
performance parameters remain constant, estimate the thrust with  T3   2000 
afterburning for a flight velocity of 850 ft/sec at sea level.





Nozzle:
k 1 0.4
V42 Vj2 P  k
 15 1.4
h4   hj  Tj  T4  j   1390   
2gC J 2gC J  P4   73.2 
Vj2
 h4  hj = Cp (T4 -Tj ) Tj  883.7 R
2gC J
Vj  2gc JC p (T4  T j )
 2(32.2)(778)(0.24)(1390  883.7)
Vj = 2467 ft/s
Thrust;
116
F t=
M
gc
Vj  Va   32.2 2467  850  = 5825 lbf
Propulsive Efficiency:
2 2
p    51.3%
Vj  2467 
1 1 
Va  850 
Thermal Efficiency:
 
qR = Cp Tj - Ta = 0.24(883.7 - 530) = 84.9 Btu/lb
q -q q 84.9
th = s R = 1 - R = 1 - = 55.8%
qs qs 192

Part (b)
k-1 0.4
 P'  k  15 1.4
Tj '  T4'  j   2500     1589R
P
 4  73.2 
Vj ' = 2gc JC p (T4 ' T j ')
 2(32.2)(778)(0.24)(2500  1589)
Vj ' = 3309 ft/s
116
Ft =
M
V ' Va   32.2
gc j
3309  850 = 8860 lbf