NOTATION

2, 3
a - specific surface of packing, m /m
2
a - mass transfer area in unit volume of equipment, m /m
b - mass fraction, dimensionless
3
C - molar concentration, kmol/m
cΡ - heat capacity at constant pressure, J/(kg K)
C - molar heat capacity at constant pressure, J/(kmol K)
p
CF - capacity factor, m/s
d - diameter, m
2
D - multicomponent diffusion coefficient, m /s
2
Λ - binary diffusion coefficient, m /s
D - generalized Stefan-Maxwell diffusion coefficient, m /s
2
D D - dispersion coefficient, m /s

D - binary thermal diffusion coefficient, m /s

Ε - enhancement factor, dimensionless
Ε - enhancement factor for instantaneous reaction, dimensionless
00
Ε - point efficiency, dimensionless
Ε - overall plate efficiency, dimensionless
ο
Ε - Murphree plate efficiency, dimensionless
M
FP - flow parameter, dimensionless
g - mass rate of gas, kg/s 2

g - acceleration of gravity, m/s

ζ
xii NOTATION

G - molar rate of gas, kmol/s

h - enthalpy per unit mass, J/kg
H - enthalpy per unit kilomole, J/kmol, kJ/lmol
He - Henry's law constant, Pa
H - Henry's law constant, (Pa m) /kmol
Η' - Henry's law constant, P a "
1

I - mass transfer rate, kmol/s

k - binary mass transfer coefficient, m/s 2

k - binary liquid mass transfer coefficient, kmol/(m s)

X
2
k
- binary gas mass transfer coefficient, kmol/(m s)
y 2
x - binary liquid mass transfer coefficient, kmol/(m s)
k

2
k
Y - binary gas mass transfer coefficient, kmol/(m s)
k - chemical reaction rate constant, different dimensions
K - overall mass transfer coefficient, m/s
1 - liquid mass rate, kg/s
L - liquid molar rate, kmol/s
m - molarity, kmol/kg
m - slope of equilibrium line, dimensionless
M - molecular weight, kg/kmol
M - reaction factor, dimensionless
η - number of components in fluid
η - mass flux with respect to stationary coordinates, kg/(m s)
Ν - Avogadro's number, 1/kmol
Ν - molar flux with respect to stationary coordinates, kmol/(m s)
Ρ - number of plates in plate column
Ρ - pressure, Pa
q - heat flux, W/m
q - mass transfer factor, dimensionless
Q - heat rate, W
Γ - number of chemical reaction
R - molar rate of chemical reaction, kmol/(m s)
R - universal gas constant, J/(kmol K)
S - cross-sectional area, m
2

t - time, s
Τ - temperature, Κ
u - superficial fluid velocity in equipment, m/s
3
V
- volumetric flow rate, m /s
3
V
- molar volume, m /kmol
w - superficial mass fluid velocity, kg/(m s)
 NOTATION ΧΜ

2
w - superficial molar fluid velocity, kmol/(m s)
X - rectangular coordinate, m
X. - mole fraction of component i in liquid phase, dimensionless
1

y - rectangular coordinate, m
- mole fraction of component i in the gas phase, dimensionless
Ζ - rectangular coordinate, m
Ζ - height of the equipment, m

2
a - heat transfer coefficient, W/(m K)
3 3
oc
- gas hold-up, m Im
ß - volumetric fraction, dimensionless
3 3
ß - liquid hold-up, m Im

3 3

Y - solid volumetric fraction, m Im

δ - film thickness, m
ε - voidage of bed, dimensionless
2
ε - energy flux, W/m
η - viscosity, kg/(m s)
λ - conductivity, W/(mK)
2
Ό
- kinematic viscosity, m Is
Ό - stoichiometry coefficient, dimensionless
3
Ρ - density, kg/m
σ - surface tension, N/m
σ - critical surface tension, N/m
c
- correction factor for the effect of high fluxes on heat
Η
transfer coefficient, dimensionless
- dimensionless heat transfer factor, dimensionless

Subscripts

A, Β, C - components in multicomponent systems

av ­ average
c ­ at critical point
d ­ dynamic quantity
G ­ gas phase
i, j , k, 1 - components in multicomponent system
ij - pair i-j in multicomponent system
in - inert
xiv NOTATION

k - column
1 - laboratory
L - liquid phase
m - logarithmic mean value
ρ - bubble, element of packing
r - reduced relative to critical value
s - static quantity
t - total mass (molar) flux
0 - reference state
1 - quantity evaluated at lower cross section of equipment
2 - quantity evaluated at upper cross section of equipment

Superscripts
ef - effective
r - equilibrium value
* - gas-liquid interface
** - liquid-solid interface
- mean value
- partial value
ο - at infinite dilution
• - for finite mass-transfer flux
Τ - relative to the molar average velocity of fluid
• - relative to the volumetric average velocity of fluid
δ - in the bulk of fluid

Vectors and Matrices

vector of driving forces for diffusion, m"

1

vector of external force on unit mass of

component i, N/m
2

vector of molar diffusion flux, kmol/(m s)

vector of molar diffusion flux of component i

2
relative to velocity ω , kmol/(m s)
vector of mass diffusion flux of compoent i
2
relative to velocity ω , kg/(m s)
matrix of multicomponent mass transfer
coefficients for "zero" mass transfer flux, m/s
 NOTATION XV

k = ( k . ). - matrix of multicomponent mass transfer

# #

i j i , j 2£ n - l
coefficients for finite mass transfer flux, m/s
Τ 2
Ν = [Ν ,,.,,Ν ] - vector of molar flux, kmol/(m s)
1 n-l
Ν. = [Ν , Ν. , Ν ] - vector of molar flux of component i,
ι ix ly lz

2
kmol/(m s)

η = [η , η , η 1 - vector of mass flux of component i, kg/(m s)

i ix îy iz
Q = [<1 > Q > Q ] - vector of heat flux, W/m
χ y ζ
u = [u , u , u ] - vector of mass average velocity, m/s
χ y ζ

= [u^, u ^ , u ^ l - vector of molar average velocity, m/s

χ y ζ

u = [u , u , u 1 - vector of volume average velocity, m/s

B B B B

χ y ζ

u = [u , u , u 1 - vector of macroscopic velocity of component i,

i ix iy iz
m/s
( ot) Cot) (oc) (a)
wir ' = [ wi χr ' . wi ry ' . w irζ'
l - vector of mass flow velocity of gas
2
phase in absorber, kg/(m s)

= [w ^, w ^ ] - vector of mass flow velocity of liquid

( (

i i x i y i z
2

phase in absorber, kg/(m s)

W °°= [W , W °,W °]- vector of molar flow velocity of gas
( ( a ) ( Û ( Û

i ix iy iz 2

phase in absorber, kmol/(m s)

W ^ = [ W ^ \ W ^ \ W ^ ] - vector of molar flow velocity of liquid
( } ( (

i ix iy iz 2

phase in absorber, kmol/(m s)

7 J
Γ n-l τ
χ = [χ ,...,x ] dimensionless
- vector of mole fraction in liquid phase,
τ
y [y 1>···>Υ' n - IΓ - vector of mole fraction in gas phase,
=

dimensionless
Γ = (Γ ) - matrix of thermodynamic factors,
ij i,j ^ n-l
dimensionless
Φ = (Φ ) - matrix of mass transfer factor, dimensionless
ij i ,j ^ n-l
XVI NOTATION

Dimensionless Groups

*-ζ \ ρ ^L
Bo = a - Bond number

De = — ι - Deborah number
α
ρ
Ga = — - Galillei number
3
Ü
L

u Q

Fr = - Froude number

t ~ y ° W s number
R e = U P R e n

Sc = —^7=— - Schmidt number

ρ w
k d
Sh = — — — - Sherwood number