Anerobic Respiration

Vocabularies

 Anaerobic is the respiration without the presence of oxygen

 Energy density is an energy value per unit mass. The amount, how much it released hydrogen every time
hydrolysis happens
 Calorie is a unit of energy. Tt is expressed in the form of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of
water by 1 ℃

Anerobic

Without the presence of oxygen

in the electric  hydrogen
cannot be disposed of by

If a cell is to gain even the 2 ATP molecules for

each glucose yielded by glycolysis, it is essential
to pass on the hydrogens from the molecules of
reduced NAD that are made in glycolysis.

There are 2 different anaerobic pathways that

solve the problem of ‘dumping’ this hydrogen.
Both pathways take place in the cytoplasm of the
cell.
Plants anaerobic respiration
(alcoholic fermentation)
This is called alcoholic fermentation process, converting glucose molecule into ethanol.

What is the danger of alcoholic fermentation?

Because there is no mitochondrion in the process. Then the pyruvate will remain in the cytoplasm of the cell because there is
nowhere to go. The pyruvate inside the cytoplasm so it reacts with water, this caused the mess up of osmotic gradient.

Pyruvate then being

decarboxylate. CO 2 & ethanal
Plant cells
Ethanal formation is because the pyruvate being dehydrogenated produce
hydrogen and hydrogen got picked up by NAD.

Ethanal reduced again because it accepts hydrogen from reduced NAD &
ethanol is produced, this process is catalyzed by enzyme called alcohol
dehydrogenase.

If the plant has done alcoholic fermentation, it cannot take the ethanol
produced and convert back into pyruvate.

Ethanol is toxic for plants. When

hydrogen from reduced NAD is
passed to ethanal to form
The pathway leading to ethanol
cannot be reversed & the

Animal cells The process is called lactate

fermentation.
Animals anerobic respiration Enzyme called lactate dehydrogenase going to release NAD.
(lactate fermentation)
The moment that oxygen become available,
Pyruvate it(3C)
is possible to bring lactate back into
acts as the
pyruvate and do the process aerobic respiration again.
hydrogen acceptor & changed
 The lactate pathway can be
When the body start Lactate is carried by the blood plasma to the liver & converted
Whenback to pyruvate.
exercise stops, the
exercising, more oxygen is
person continues to breathe
needed to support aerobic However, when lactate turn
deeply & absorb oxygen at a
respiration in the person’s back into pyruvate, no CO 2 is
higher rate than when at rest.
muscles, increasingWhenthepyruvate converts into What is the purpose of having
overall demand oflactate,
oxygen.the liver oxidizes some anaerobic respiration?
This post-exercise uptake of
of the incoming lactate to
At the initiate 4 minutes the These reactions allowextra
the oxygen is when the body
process lactic acid continued production ofpaying
is at leastback the amount of
some ATP even though oxygen at the first 4 minutes,
oxygen
fermentation begins in the
during oxygen deficit. This is
muscles, as the heart & the
called oxygen debt.
lungs need to meet the new
demand of oxygen.

Oxygen debt
 The oxygen is needed for:
For the next 3 minutes,
enough oxygen is supplied. ■Conversion of lactate to
glycogen in the liver
■Reoxygenation of
hemoglobin in the blood

Work
Synthesis of complex
substances
This causes the buildup of
from anabolic
oxygen deficit.
reactions.
anabolic reactions example: Protein synthesis. Humans are endothermic respiration.
Glucose
This is a stable molecule. Use as a source of energy for cellular respiration.
 Why the internal temperature
increase during sickness?
Because the increase of
Why fatty acid released more energy when being hydrolyzed? temperature causes cytokine
Why during sickness, appetite is
loss? the ratio between hydrogen :oxygen in fatty acid is greater than in carbohydrate, that is why, fatty
Because
acid released and have more energy, store more energy. When hydrolyze, fatty acid release more hydrogen.
Because the internal
environment temperature

Why warm up is necessary?

Because at the beginning, when
the body starts exercising, the
abrupt demand of oxygen
presence. At that time, the body
Making dough through yeast?
Because anerobic respiration
happens in yeast, CO 2
produced, these gases cannot
Why when fruit being taken out
from plant, it needs to be put
inside water with a little of