Examples:

• Have you written the report yet?

• No, I haven't written the report yet.
• Yes, I have already written the report.
• She has just written the report.
• I have known her for a long time.
• I have known her since 2007.

Already, Since, For, Yet, Just

Already
'Already' is an adverb used to show that something has happened early, or earlier han expected.
• She has already sent an email to the manager.
Position of already
'Already' comes between 'have'/'has' and the past participle (i.e. the mid position).
Note that:
Sometimes 'already' may come at the end of the sentence for greater emphasis or to show greater
surprise. This is especially common in informal speaking:
• They've spent nearly a lot of money on it already.
It may also come in the front position:
• Already, the supporters of the newly elected president have occupied the streets to celebrate
the event.

Since
You can use 'since' when you are mentioning a time or event in the past and indicating that a
situation has continued from then until now.
• I haven't seen Lacy since 2014
Position
'Since' is used before a time when something began.

For
'For' is used to say how long something has lasted.
• I haven't seen him for two years.
Position
'For' is used before a period of time: for two years, for a long time, for a week...

Yet
'Yet' is used in negative sentences to show that something has not happened up to the present time.
It is also used in interrogative forms to ask if something has happened up to the present time.
 • I haven't finished yet.
• Have you finished yet?
Position
‘Yet’ usually comes at the end of the sentence.

Just
'Just' is used to indicate that something happened in the immediate past, that is a very short time
ago.
• He has just called.
'Just' comes between 'have'/ 'has' and the past participle (i.e. the mid position).

1 We use it to talk about experience.

• I’ve worked in 6 different countries.
• Have you ever been to Australia?
• She’s won many awards for her books.
When these things happened is not important – the focus is on the action/state, not when it
happened.

NB If we say when we had the experience, we must use the past simple.
• I’ve visited Russia several times.
• BUT I visited Russia for the first time in 1992.
We can never use the present perfect with a time in the past.
• I have been to Spain in 2002.
2 We also use the present perfect to talk about things that are unfinished – unfinished states and
unfinished time periods.
• I’ve known him since I was 11. (unfinished state)
I met him when I was 11. I still know him now. The present perfect is acting as a bridge between
the past and the present.
• I’ve had this watch for almost thirty years.
• We’ve lived here since I was a boy.
• She’s been to the cinema three times this week. (unfinished time period)
This week isn’t finished yet – she may go to the cinema again.
• We’ve already had two holidays this year.
• I’ve eaten too much today.
3 A third use of the present perfect is to show the present result of a past action
• I’ve lost my keys.
He lost his keys some time in the past but the result – he can’t get into his house – is in the present.
• John’s broken his leg and he can’t go on holiday.
• A storm has blown down the telephone lines. We’re stuck here!