FBI101 – Web Development

Introduction to the Internet and

World Wide Web

5 July 2021

Dr. Seow Yoke May

 Outline
● History of the Internet
● World Wide Web
 History
 How it works?
 What is a URL?
History of the Internet

https://youtu.be/h8K49dD52WA
 History of the Internet

● In 1962, J.C.R. Licklider comes up with the idea for a global

computer network. He later shares his idea with colleagues at
the U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA).
● Leonard Kleinrock, Thomas Merrill and Lawrence G. Roberts
pioneered the way to the world’s first wide-area computer
network.
● Roberts later published a plan for the ARPANET, an ARPA-
funded computer network that becomes a reality in 1969.
https://online.jefferson.edu/business/internet-history-timeline/
 History of the Internet

● In 1973, Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed a protocol for

linking multiple networks together. The Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) links multiple networks
together.
● Robert Metcalfe developed the Ethernet, a system using cables
that allows for transfer of more data over a network.
● Later, Ted Nelson proposed using hypertext to organize network
information, and Unix becomes popular for TCP/IP networks.
● Tom Truscott and Steve Bellovin developed USENET, a Unix-
based system for transferring data over phone lines via a dial-up
connection.
https://online.jefferson.edu/business/internet-history-timeline/
 History of the Internet

● 1982: the PhoneNet system (an inexpensive network using dial-

up phone lines) is connected to ARPANET and the first
commercial network, Telenet. This broadens access to the
Internet and allows for email communication between multiple
nations of the world.
● 1981: 3Com announces Ethernet products; this allows for the
establishment of local area networks (LANs).
● Paul Mockapetris, Jon Postel and Craig Partridge created the
Domain Name System, which uses domain names to manage
the number of users on the internet. In1985, the first domain is
registered: symbolics.com.
https://online.jefferson.edu/business/internet-history-timeline/
 History of the Internet

● 1990: Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN developed

hypertext markup language (HTML) and the uniform resource
locator (URL), giving birth to the first incarnation of the World
Wide Web.
● 1995: Microsoft launches Windows 95; Amazon, Yahoo and
eBay all launch; Internet Explorer launches; and Java is created.
● 1998: Google is founded.
● 1999: The first internet virus capable of copying and sending
itself to a user’s address book is discovered

https://online.jefferson.edu/business/internet-history-timeline/
 History of the Internet

● 2000 sees the rise and burst of the dotcom bubble. While myriad
internet-based businesses become present in everyday life, the
Dow Jones industrial average also sees its biggest one-day drop
in history up to that point. By 2001, most publicly traded dotcom
companies are gone.
● But the 2000s see Google’s meteoric rise to domination of the
search engine market.
● This decade also sees the rise and proliferation of Wi-Fi —
wireless internet communication — as well as mobile internet
devices like smartphones.

https://online.jefferson.edu/business/internet-history-timeline/
 World Wide Web

https://youtu.be/J8hzJxb0rpc
 History of the WWW

● The development of the World Wide Web was begun in 1989 by

Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN, an international
scientific organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.
● They created a protocol, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
which standardized communication between servers and clients.
● Their text-based Web browser was made available for general
release in January 1992.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Wide-Web
 How the WWW works?

● All the websites are stored in web servers. Just as someone

lives on rent in a house, a website occupies a space in a server
and remains stored in it.
● The server hosts the website whenever a user requests its
webpages, and the website owner has to pay the hosting price
for the same.

https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-world-wide-web
 How the WWW works?

● The moment you open the browser and type a URL in the
address bar or search something on Google, the WWW starts
working.
● There are three main technologies involved in transferring
information (web pages) from servers to clients (computers of
users). These technologies include Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Web browsers.

https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-world-wide-web
 How the WWW works?

● HTML is a standard markup language which is used for creating

web pages. It describes the structure of web pages through
HTML elements or tags.
● These tags are the shortcodes you’ll type into a text file that are
used to organize the pieces of content.
● The web browser will then read and present the tags visually

https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-world-wide-web
https://blog.ladder.io/html-css-guide/#4inkq581iuvhgagj5ox91l
 How the WWW works?

● HTTP or HyperText Transfer Protocol is a set of rules that the

server needs to follow to transmit all kinds of files like images,
text, audio, video, and other kinds over the WWW. It is based on
a client-server model. The client is a web browser which
communicates with the web server which hosts the website. So
when you are enter the name of any website you want to visit
through a web browser like Google Chrome, Mozilla, IE, etc.,
you are sending a request to a web server. Suppose, you type
amazon.in, the web client will request the web server to retrieve
content from that server.
https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-world-wide-web
https://blog.ladder.io/html-css-guide/#4inkq581iuvhgagj5ox91l
 How the WWW works?

● A web browser, which is commonly known as a browser, is a

program that displays text, data, pictures, videos, animation, etc.
● It provides a software interface that allows you to click
hyperlinked resources on the WWW.
● When you double click the Browser icon installed on your
computer to launch it, you get connected to the WWW and can
search Google or type a URL into the address bar.

https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-world-wide-web
 What is a URL?
● There was one more clever thing Berners-Lee thought of—and
that was a way for any computer to locate information stored on
any other computer.
● He suggested each webpage should have something like a zip
code, which he called a URL (a Universal or Uniform Resource
Locator).
● The URL is the page address you see in the long bar at the top
of your Web browser.
● For example, the address or URL of the UCSI University website
is https://www.ucsiuniversity.edu.my/
● If the URL begins with https, communication is encrypted as it
travels between your browser and the web server (so things like
credit-card numbers, user names, passwords, etc. are kept
secure from interference in transit).
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howthewebworks.html