ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IMPACT ON JOBS & EMPLOYMENT

By: Saurabh Joshi

 Agenda
01 Introduction to AI
Automation to Autonomous
AI milestones
Waves if AI

02 AI applications
Application of AI in various industries
01
02

03 AI – Net gain or loss?

Distribution of job spectrum
Historical context: Agricultural and industrial revolution

03

04 04
Society & State response

05 Conclusion
Introduction to AI
Artificial Intelligence
The use of technology to replace human effort
(physical & cognitive)

Automated –Replacing human effort on pre-

defined tasks.

Autonomous – Replacing human effort (mostly

cognitive) by being able to take decisions based
on sensor inputs.
Autonomous
e.g. Waymo’s self driving car

Semi-autonomous
e.g. Autopilot

Automated
e.g. Assembly plant

Semi-automated
e.g. Loading/ unloading
ops
 AI Milestones
Waymo's Self driving
cars
Alphago
2018

1997

Imagenet – MIT & Univ. of 2016

Toronto
Deep Blue
1988
Gary Kasporov
Google & Stanford:
Feline images – 2015 IBM – Language
Unsupervised learning. Translation
1980

XCON-DEC
DARPA – Grand 2012
Challenge 1966

Eliza - MIT
2004

1956
Prof John McCarthy
Dartmouth college
 Waves of AI
Handcrafted Knowledge
Breaking a bigger problem to smaller problems & define rule for each smaller problem
Defining rule and mimic how humans think.
01 Problem – If a situation is not defined the system doesn’t work. Works in very narrow problem
set and it doesn’t learn.
.
Statistical learning
Uses a lot of data for machine to extract the rules to learn by itself - (Image/Audio
recognition, NLP)
Collect and prepare data to train machines.
01
02 Good in learning by perceiving but cannot do abstracting (A is a better actor than
B)
02
Problem – Insufficient data or bad data can lead to wrong rules lead to bad
results. Even if 98% accuracy in certain conditions is not good (e.g.
life/death situations)

03 Contextual Adaptation
AI will be able to conceptualise and abstract things
May not require a lot of data points to learn.
03
04
04 Addition of common sense and ethics
Applications
 Applications of AI
Sectors Functions

Mobility Automation

FMCG/eCommerce Credit worthiness/Fraud

prevention
Healthcare
Inventory management Replacement of manual labour
Cyber Repetitive laborious tasks can be performed
Customer acquisition/Brand by AI powered machines.
Finance loyalty. Reduction of human exposure in hazardous
Data security zones
Manufacturing
Natural Language Decision making
Social Media
processing AI can handle massive computations and work out
Aerospace & Defence various scenarios suggesting the best outcome in a
real quick time.

Facilitate ease of use of a product

AI acts as personal assistant facilitating actions of a
user while using a product.

Accuracy
With correct programming, Intelligent machines can
perform tasks more accurately than humans thereby
reducing the error rates and increasing the quality.
Net gain or loss?
 Job functions – Replacement by AI
Support tasks – Clerical data
work, office support, factory
workers, payroll, admin Construction workers, Artists, designers,
assistants, general mechanics, crane operators, teachers, educational
food preparation, cleaning, installation and repair professionals, childcare
technicians, warfighters. professionals, AI
drivers, mundane manual labour. engineers.

Predictable
& Customer care, food service,
Computer engineers &
Repetitive tasks safety and security workers,
specialists, team managers Non – Repetitive,
transport maintenance
& executives, sales & cognitive tasks
technicians.
business development

Impact on women
IMF predicts 11% of jobs held by women are at the risk of
elimination.

Financial services 50% workforce women but only 25% are

at senior positions which may be insulated from AI.

US: 85% of bank tellers are female.

WEF-Linkedin study - Only 22% of AI professionals are

women -
Job functions – AI Fueling employment growth
New roles enabled by AI • Information Security
AI has made previously
Analysts.
impossible tasks doable now
and opened up a spectrum of • Machine Learning Engineers. • User Experience
new job functions. • Data Scientists and Data Developers/analysts.
Analysts. • App Developers.
• Research Scientists. • Robotic Trainers.
• Process Automation Specialists. • Technical Training Experts
AI has reduced the cost of
production thereby making
products and services
cheaper further increasing the Reduction in existing roles offset by
demand and consumption. increase in job opportunities towards the
cognitive spectrum of job distribution.
AI has enabled better user
experience and enhanced
quality thereby further
increasing the demand and
consumption.
Societal & State Response
to AI revolution
 Society & State Response
Redesign regulations and
laws for market.
New businesses coming up.
Ethics in AI
New strategy for
education.
Review of schooling and
college educational
system.
Encourage entrepreneurial
mindset.
Society need to motivate
people to take risk and
think out of box.
Agile and flexible mindset.
Science
Life long learning due to
changing nature of
employment landscape.
Short term training
programs.
Societal More collaboration.
Interconnected applications
& State
and functions will require
response greater partnerships.
Encourage risk taking
behaviour and exploring
new avenues.
Education System (STEAM)
Technology Engineering Arts Mathematics
Key Takeaways
Thank You