MADDA WALABU UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF URBAN YOUTH UNNEMPLOYMENT IN

SEKELA WEREDA: IN CASE OF GISH ABAY TOWN

RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OFGEOGRAPHY AND

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF MADA WALABU UNIVERSITY IN PRIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHLOR OF
ART (B.A) IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

PREPARED BY: TADELE GETNET TESFA

ID No UGR/8601/11

ADVISOR: ABDUIMELIK RESHAD (M.A)

JUNE, 2021

BALE ROBE: ETHIOPIA

Table of Contents
Table of Contents.........................................................................................................................................I
List of Figure...............................................................................................................................................IV
List of Table................................................................................................................................................IV
ACRONYMS:-...............................................................................................................................................V
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the study....................................................................................................................1
1.2 Statement problem..........................................................................................................................2
1.3 The Objectives of the study...............................................................................................................3
1.3.1 General objective of the study....................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Specific objectives of the study.................................................................................................3
1.4 Research Questions.........................................................................................................................3
1.5 Significance of the study..................................................................................................................3
1.6 The scope of the study.....................................................................................................................4
1.7 Operational definitions......................................................................................................................4
1.8. Definitions of key terms....................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Definition and Concepts....................................................................................................................5
2.2 Types of urban youth unemployment...............................................................................................6
2.2.1 Frictional unemployment............................................................................................................6
2.2.2 Structural unemployment...........................................................................................................6
2.2.3 Cyclical unemployment...............................................................................................................6
2.2.4 Seasonal unemployment...........................................................................................................7
2.3 Causes of urban youth unemployment..............................................................................................7
2.3.1 Lack of experience and skills.....................................................................................................7
2.3.2 Voluntary unemployment...........................................................................................................7
2.4 Consequence of urban youth unemployment...................................................................................8
2.4.1 Economic loss for society............................................................................................................8

I
 2.4.2. Lack of innovation......................................................................................................................8
2.4.3. Political unrest and increased public spending..........................................................................8
2.5 Possible solutions..............................................................................................................................9
2.5.1 Vocation Education.....................................................................................................................9
2.5.2 Entrepreneurship........................................................................................................................9
2.5.3 The role of labor market policy and institutions.........................................................................9
2.6. Determinants of unemployment......................................................................................................9
2.7 Cost of urban youth unemployment................................................................................................10
2.8 Measurements of urban youth unemployment..............................................................................10
2.8.1. I usual status approach............................................................................................................10
2.8.2 Current status approach...........................................................................................................10
CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................................11
3. DESCRIPTION AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................11
3.1. General Description of the study area............................................................................................11
3.1.1 Location....................................................................................................................................11
3.1.2 Topography...............................................................................................................................12
3.1.3 Climate......................................................................................................................................12
3.1.4. Soil type...................................................................................................................................12
3.1.5, Socio economic activities....................................................................................................12

3.1.6 Demography.............................................................................................................................12
3.1.7 Service sector............................................................................................................................12
3.2. Research methods and Materials...................................................................................................13
3.2.1. Research design.......................................................................................................................13
3.3. Sampling size and sampling techniques..........................................................................................13
3.3.1. Sampling techniques................................................................................................................13
3.3.2. Sample size..............................................................................................................................13
3.4 Types and sources of data...............................................................................................................14
3.4.1 Primary data sources................................................................................................................14
3.4.2. Secondary data sources...........................................................................................................14
3.4.3 Method of data collection........................................................................................................14
3.5 .Methods of data analysis................................................................................................................15

II
 3.6. Materials and Software...................................................................................................................15
3.7 Ethical Considerations.....................................................................................................................15
3.8 Time and Budget Schedule..............................................................................................................16
3.8.1 Time schedule...........................................................................................................................16
3.8.2 Budget Schedule.......................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................18

III
List of Figure
FIGURE 3.1. 1: LOCATION MAP OF THE STUDY AREA.............................................................................................................11

List of Table
TABLE 3.8.1 TIME SCHEDULE...........................................................................................................................................16
TABLE 3.8.2 BUDGET SCHEDULE.......................................................................................................................................17

IV
ACRONYMS:-
CSA:- Central Statically Agency

JTP:- Job Training Program

NMW: - National Minimum Wage

NPC: - National Planning Commission

V
CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Unemployment (Joblessness) occurs when people were without work and actively seeking work.
The unemployment rate is a major of the rebalance of unemployment and it has calculated as
percentage by dividing the number of unemployment individuals by all individuals currently in
the labor force. During the period of recession an economy usually experiences relatively high
unemployment rate (Ashley, 2007).

In the world level unemployment recession of 2008 has remained the significant issue for many
countries (Sheffrin, 2003). According to the international labor organization (ILO),
unemployment has raised in two-thirds of Europeans countries since 2010, while the stuttering
economic recovery in advanced such as U.S and Japan has continued to have a significant impact
on global unemployment and under employment rates.ILO study also found that in comparison
to unemployment before 2009, there were now 50 million fewer jobs available in the global
available in the global economy and this situation is unlikely to improve in the face of austerity,
political change and economic uncertainty. In the late in 1990 and early 2000 s unemployment in
the world is lows. However, unemployment is just personal issue. It’s an issue for the national
economies (Humphries, 2012).

According to global unemployment in Africa has the youngest population of any continent. This
means that the problem of youth unemployment there is particularly relevant. Approximately
200 million peoples in Africa are between the ages of 15-24. This number is expected to double
size in the next 30 years. Between 2001 and 2010, countries in Africa report some of the world
fast growing economies. In Africa the youth unemployment are receiving from schools and
adults was become a job creators rather than job seekers (Omar, 2013).

According to the CSA (2000) data, urban youth unemployment rate in Ethiopia on the national
level was 8% and in terms of regions. The highest unemployment rate goes to sector of
administration state (Addis Ababa) which is 31% followed by Dire Dawa and Harare is 24% and

1
21% respectively. Moreover region like Oromia, SNNP, and Benishangul-Gumuz their
unemployment rate (Kuris, 2006).

However, a study area on the problem and effects on these challenging problems in the Sekela
town is also victim of the unemployment. Therefore the study is enabling to the kebele, district,
municipalities and more governmental organization to be aware how they can overcome
problems of urban youth unemployment (Sekela town administration office, 2010).

1.2 Statement problem

Urban youth unemployment is to be crucial supply of job seek both modern formal and informal
sectors urban economy. In developing countries, supplies of workers exceed the work demand.
The result will be high rate urban youth unemployment in urban areas. Therefore the problems
are much more serious (Todaro, 2003).

The unemployment are those in the range of the working age are available for work and have
actively sought employment, during previous for work, but unable to get job at the existing
wage. According to ILO, The working age ranges from 15-59 years. In the Ethiopian case, in the
labor proclamation number 42|1993, Article number 173|3. It is stipulate that one who has
attained the age of 14 years and above can be registered as job seekers provide the necessary
documents are made available (Kuris, 2008).

Unemployment is central problem in study area and hence microeconomic stabilization policies
and seeks to minimize excessive unemployment. To formulate these policies it is necessary to
first understand what unemployment and how it is measured of the main issues (Mankiw, 2002).

Unemployment was the express by numbers of in the study area in 2008E.C the total
Unemployed people 1252 ,and in 2009E.C the total unemployment people is rapidly increase to
1648 unemployed people (Gish Abay town administration office ,2009).

Among problems unemployment is the major problem in the study area. Gish Abay town “are
urban youth unemployment is high due to rapid population growth , rural-urban migration , low
standard education , low income ,lack of capital , lack of skill and lack of awareness for
searching job. The degree of problem severity in the study area is much more than thinkers.

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Some of this are migration, demoralized the way of life, and some people bagging need for life
and depend on other (Gish Abay town administration office, 2010).

Whenever such urban youth unemployment was common Gish Abay town and other small
Towns, much research were conduct large towns of Ethiopia. The main thing to assess the
problem by researchers was to fill such gap.

1.3 The Objectives of the study

1.3.1 General objective of the study
The general objective of this study will be to assess the causes and consequences of urban youth
unemployment in Gish Abay town.

1.3.2 Specific objectives of the study

The specific objective of this study will be:-

 To identify the major causes of urban youth unemployment in Gish Abay town.
 To describe the consequences of urban youth unemployment in Gish Abay town.
 To evaluate possible opportunities to solve urban youth unemployment in the study area.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What are the major causes of urban youth unemployment in Gish Abay town?
2. What are the consequences of urban youth unemployment in the Gish Abay town?
3. What are the possible opportunities to solve urban youth unemployment problems in the Gish
Abay town?

1.5 Significance of the study

The study deals with the problems of unemployment. The study will be help the administrative
offices and development agencies to recognize their societies awareness regarding to urban youth
unemployment, how to minimize unemployment and make them to encourages societies of
decrease urban youth unemployment sustainability. The may enable the kebele, woreda,
municipality and NGO was to be aware of how they can overcome the problem of urban youth
unemployment in a good manner. In generally, this study would expect to useful for
unemployment people themselves, community, the government and the town administration.

3
1.6 The scope of the study
The scope of the study was limit on Gish Abay town in, mainly on the societies focus on about
the major causes, consequences and the possible opportunities to solve of urban youth
unemployment in the area. This was current issue in the study area.

1.7 Operational definitions

Unemployment is one of the prevailing social and economical problems in almost all countries of
the world every country well fight to against .While Particularly Ethiopia is concern with this
problem that has be extremely challenging. Youth unemployment contributes to under
development because it represents underutilization of the productive potential countries
(Jacobson, 2000).

1.8. Definitions of key terms

Keble: is the smallest administrative unit of Ethiopia, similar to a ward, a neighborhood or
localize and delimit group of people. It is part of a woreda.

Municipality: is usually a single urban administrative division having corporate status and
power of self-government or jurisdiction as grant by national and state laws to which it is
subordinate.

Woreda or district: Are the third level administrative division of Ethiopia. They are further
subdivided into a number of wards (Keble).

Youth: is the time of life when one is young, but often means the time between childhood and
adulthood (maturity).

4
CHAPTER TWO

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition and Concepts

Unemployment refers to socio-economic situations in which persons who have no work are able
and willing to work and also actively seeking for work have no work. It is the micro-economic
problem that affects people most directly and severely. For most people the loss of job means
reduce living standard and psychological distress. Unemployment the state of being without any
work both for educates and uneducated persons for earning one’s livelihood meant called
unemployment (Mankiw 2002).

Urban is characterizing by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to
areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbation, but the term is not
commonly extended to rural settlements such as village and hamlets. Urban areas are created and
further developing by process of urbanization. Measuring the extent of urban area Helps in
analyzing population density and urban sprawl and in determining urban rural population (Singh,
2015).

Youth is the time of life when one is young and time between childhood and adulthood
(maturity).it also defined as the appearance, freshness, vigor’s , spirit etc. characteristic of one
who are young. Its defining of specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically
as a stage can be tied to specific age ranges nor can its end point be link to specific activities,
such as taking unpaid work or having sexual relations without consent (Andy, 2013).

According to ILO report, more than 200,000 million people globally or 6% of the world work
force were without a job in 2012 and the most dramatic size of unemployment the united states
has ever witnessed occurred in the great depression of the 1930. From 1932 through 1935 the
25% unemployment rates staying at 20% or more and in 1933 it reaching it almost 25.5% of the
civilian labor force (Willey, 2004).

5
In Africa urban youth unemployment has the fastest –growing and most youthful population in
the world. Over 20% of Africa population is under 15 to 24 and since over 40% of Africa
population is less than 15 years ago that number is expect to grow significantly in the coming
years. Africa has one of the highest levels of unemployment in the world. Since 2000 more than
27,000 African’s have died while trying to illegally enter European via the sea. The search for
jobs and escape from high levels of poverty across the continent is a major motivation (Zuehlke,
2016).

In Ethiopia unemployment measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a
percentage of labor force. Unemployment in Ethiopia decreased to 16.8% in 2015 from 17.4% in
2015. Unemployment rate in Ethiopia averaged 19.88% from 1999 until 2015, reaching an all-
time high of 26.4% in 1999 and a record low of 16.8% in 2015 (Kuris, 2004).

2.2 Types of urban youth unemployment

The meaning of unemployment may be including further by distinguished between different
types of unemployment. The majority types of urban youth unemployment’s are frictional,
cyclonic and structural (FALUSI, A.O, 2014).

2.2.1 Frictional unemployment

Frictional unemployment is transitional or short term unemployment in nature. It is usually
organized the labor supply side unemployment that occurs the people are the changing of
searching new job (WAYEMI, ASKIN, 2013).

2.2.2 Structural unemployment

Structural unemployment usually long-term unemployment in nature and usually originates on
the demand side of the labor force. It suppose the number of workers looking for work equals the
numbers of jobs available there is no imbalance between the total numbers being supply and
demand. Structural Unemployment can still arise if kinds of persons looking for working do not
“fit” the jobs available (J, Borgas, 2005).

2.2.3 Cyclical unemployment

Unemployment caused economic fluctuation has called cyclonic unemployment. The term came
from the phase business cycle which has commonly used to labor. Their regular fluctuation taken
together of economy or total demand for goods and services in overall economy a decline
6
aggregate economy reduce total production and cause of general unemployment through
economic system(National planning commission,2013).
Cyclical unemployment occurs when, because of a decrease in aggregate demand or aggregate
supply, the number of jobs available declines relatives to the number of qualifying person
looking jobs. Unemployment caused by economic fluctuations has called cyclonic
unemployment. This also refers to as demand deficiency unemployment. It results from declines
in national output in periods of recession or low economic activity (R, Kearl, 2004).

2.2.4 Seasonal unemployment

Seasonal unemployment a rises during certain periods of that usually results from the reduction
in demands for labor. This may attribute to the seasonal pattern of consumers habits or to
variation in production with climatic change. Infrastructure and construction activities are peak
levels during summer and drop down during the rainy season (Rayel, 2004).

2.3 Causes of urban youth unemployment

There are multiple and complex causes behind urban youth unemployment. Among this are the
quality and relevant education which in turn create situation of lack experience voluntary
unemployment and performance issues and lack skills are the main causes of unemployment.
There are many reasons why someone who is able to and wants to work may be without a job
(Gish Abay town administration office, 2010).

2.3.1 Lack of experience and skills

Unemployment rates among young people tend to be higher than for other segments of the
population. This is due to a lack of experience which makes it more difficult for them to find
jobs and they cannot gain the practical experience they need unless they can find someone
willing to hire them. Lack of skills on the other hands it is hard to see any person who is full of
skills suffering from unemployment. Skill full persons can adjust too many situations and
environment and at least feed himself and his household appropriately (Gray, 2009).

2.3.2 Voluntary unemployment

There are some people who are between jobs because of choice they have made. They may have
resigned from a job in anticipation of a move to another location before they have another job
line up or be planning to return to school. This occurs when people choose to remain

7
unemployment rather than take jobs available. For example, it benefits are generous; people may
prefer to stay on benefits rather than get work (Furlong, 2009).

2.4 Consequence of urban youth unemployment

Persistently high urban youth unemployment creates huge cost for individuals and for general
economy as a whole; some of the costs are difficult to volume and measure particularly the large
term social cost. Among the consequences of urban youth unemployment’s are ;economic loss
for society, lake of innovation, a lost generation, mortality, political unrest and increasing
public spending , etc.(Patrice and Welch, 2007)

2.4.1 Economic loss for society

Economics is the study of how people use scarce resources to satisfy unlimited material wants
and needs. If more resources are available and put in to use a greater number of wants and needs
can be satisfied. Resources are unemployed some wants and needs that might have been
satisfied are not. Unemployment intensifies the scarcity problem and the loss of society is the
goods and services that have enjoying. Each year the economy produces a certain amount of
goods and services with unemployment, output is less than substantial amounts goods and
services that could have been produce are lost (Patrice and Welch, 2007).

2.4.2. Lack of innovation

The economics crisis has led to a global decrease in competiveness. There is a risk of loss of
talent and skills since a great amount of university graduates are unable to find a job and to put
their knowledge and capability in to producing innovation and contributing to economic growth
(Bridge, 2014). Excluding young people from the labor market means, lacking the divergent
thinking creativity and innovation that naturally offer.This fresh thinking is necessary for
employer’s to foster new designs and innovative ideas (Chatzimarkakis, 2013).

2.4.3. Political unrest and increased public spending

The rise of political unrest and anti-social behavior in the world has recently attributed to urban
youth unemployment. The lack of productive engagement of youth people in wider society, its
high level of unemployment, only serves to add to this feeling of disenfranchisement. Urban
youth unemployment also dramatically increases public spending at a time when economies are
struggling to remains competitive and social benefits increase along with an aging population.

8
Youth unemployment has directs costs such as increasing benefits payments, lost income, tax
revenue and waste capacity (Chatzimarkakis, 2013).

2.5 Possible solutions

2.5.1 Vocation Education
The needs to provide technical training to youth to prepare specifically for a job Vocation
education would help addresses the skill crisis. Three main reasons are usually present for why
vocational education should be a part political to combat urban youth unemployment. First,
strong vocational training programs reduce unemployment and increase wages. Second,
vocational education increases employer’s productivity. Third vocational education a significant
social benefits. Vocational education has been link in studies to improved income equality,
greater social inclusion, low crime rate and improve health (Mickeys’, 2013).

2.5.2 Entrepreneurship
When taking in to consideration the need to foster competitiveness through innovation and
creativity recent studies have advocated for entrepreurship as available solutions to urban youth
unemployment with the right structure and facilitate administrative process, youth people could
create enterprises as means to find and create new jobs (Emma, 2015).

2.5.3 The role of labor market policy and institutions

The varies a lot from countries to countries. Here is brief account of key propositions recently
elaborate to facilitate access to employment for youth. First a more balanced employment
protection for permanent and temporary workers is needed. Second, the issues are focus on the
level and spread of income support provides to use unemployed youth. Third, government are
progressively involving employers and trainers to create a holistic approach to use
unemployment and to provide intensive with focusing on remedial education, work experience
,adult mentoring (mickeys, 2013).

2.6. Determinants of unemployment

The determinants of unemployment may be through as in terms duration unemployment and
frequency of unemployment. The duration of unemployment an average length time of a person
remaining unemployment (NGREGORY, 2000).

9
2.7 Cost of urban youth unemployment
The cost of urban youth unemployment that individual suffers both from their own income loss
While, unemployment, from low level of self-esteem that lost long period unemployment. In
addition society on the loss of unemployment because total output is below its potential level
(NISER, 2014).

2.8 Measurements of urban youth unemployment

There are different ways of national statistical agencies measures unemployment. These
differences may limit the validity of international comparisons of unemployment data. Though
many people care about the number of unemployed individuals, economists typically focus on
the unemployment rate. This correct for the normal increase in the number of people
employment due to the increase in population and increases in the labor force relative to the
population (Sorrentino, 2000).

There are two approaches of measurements unemployment namely usual status approach and
current status approach.

2.8.1. I usual status approach

Usual status approach, according to CSA (2000) data the measures unemployment including to
economically active population during most of the 12 months in the year that were not engage on
productive activities.

2.8.2 Current status approach

Another current status approach as compare to usual status approach is long term current status
approach measures the economically activities of agnation in terms of short term. This term
unemployment including economically active, but who were not engaged productive activities
for less than one day in week (Dourbush, 2000).

10
CHAPTER THREE

3. DESCRIPTION AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. General Description of the study area
3.1.1 Location
Gish Abay is an area of north western Ethiopia, in Amhara regional state. The geographical
grid coordinates of 10°50'00" to 11° 10' 00" North latitude and 37° 05' 00" to 37° 20' 00"
East longitudes. It is located about 476 kilo meters from Addis Ababa, around 175 km
south west of Bahirdar or 32 kilo meters from Tilili town. Gish Abay is covers a total area of
1,972hectares.Gish Abay, The Administrative center of Sekela woreda).Gish Abay is
bordered on the south west by Ambisi wara, on the West by kolel Lecha,on the north by
Kebesa kirach,on the North East by sawsa Godir Gumbla ,on the East by Lichma Rob
Gebeya and on the South East by Lichima Rob Gebeya.

Figure 3.1. 1: Location map of the study area

Source: MWU GIS Lab 2013

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3.1.2 Topography
Steep slope and undulated topography is a typical characteristic of the study area. The majority (75%) of
the study area is mountainous and consists of dissected terrain with steep slopes, and the remaining (25%)
has un undulated topography with gentle slopes. Gish Abay lies within an elevation ranges of 1800 to
3535 meters above sea level.

3.1.3 Climate
Gish abay has Two main agro ecological zones, Degas (30%) and Weyna Dega (70%).The
annual average temperature of the Woreda is 18 degree celcieous,and the mean annual rain fall is
1700mm(SWADO,2018).

3.1.4. Soil type

The dominant soil types of the town has different soil types such as 60% red, 20%brown,15%
black and 5% gray soil which are suitable for producing various crop species.

3.1.5, Socio economic activities

People of Gish Abay town are engage in different economic activities mostly in is dominate by
commercial activities, handcraft, civil servant, manufacturing enterprise. The local urban rural
interaction in Gish Abay town and its surrounding has contributed to for business activities and
industrial activities (Gish Abay town administrative office, 2010).

3.1.6 Demography
Based on figures from the central statistical Agency in 2008, Gish Abay has an estimated total
population of 5,596 of 2,698 are men and 2,898 are women. The 1994 census reported this town
had a total population of 1,959 of whom 850 are men and 1,109 are women. Base on the data
from CSA (2008), 100% of of the populations in Gish Abay are followers of Orthodox
Christianity religion only.

3.1.7 Service sector

Besides, according to sekela woreda communication office (2013), the health service coverage of
the town is only one hospital, two gevernmental health centers, more than four private clinic
experts.

Besides, educational institutions are expanded rapidly in the study town. Currently, there are 4
primary schools, 2 secondary schools, 1 general secondary and preparatory school and 1
technical and vocational training in the town. (Sekela Woreda communication Office, 2013).

12
On the other hand the major water sources of the town population are river/lake/pond (5326%)
unprotected well spring (22.88%), protected Weill spring (14.08%) and tap outside compound
(8%). Among the urban population (4.89%) of the town, 56.06% of them get water from tap
outside the compound.(CSA,2008).

3.2. Research methods and Materials

3.2.1. Research design
In this study, mixed research approach (both qualitative and quantitative) has been employing.
Qualitative data types used to gather detail information from the interviews and information’s.
Quantitative data types were collect numerically through the use of questioners.

3.3. Sampling size and sampling techniques

3.3.1. Sampling techniques
To conduct this study, researchers are employing simple random sampling technique. The use of
this simple random sampling technique is that it provides equal chance of being included in
sample to each population. In general, this technique has been preferred from other sampling
systems in order to avoid bias, to make sample more representative and to save time and money.
On the other hand, the researchers are selecting Gish Abay town purposively by focusing on
some justifiable criteria such as severity of the problem in the study area and nearness to the
university which is important to the researchers to reduce time and budget constraints in order to
study urban youth unemployment situations.

3.3.2. Sample size

Since the total urban youth unemployment of Gish Abay town are 1648, from which 66
unemployed people are selected as a sample using proper sample size determination formula of
n=N/1+N (e) 2(Yemane, 1967).
Where;
n = number of sample size
N = number of total house hold
e = confidential error
1=constant
n = N / 1+ N (e) = 1648/1+ (12%) 2 =1648/ 1+1648 (12/100)2 =1648/1+1648(0.12)2
=1648/1+1648(0.0144) =1648/1+23.73 =1648/24.73 = 66

13
These 66-unemployed youth people are selected using simple random sampling techniques.
There for, questionnaires are distributed to these 66-unemploying people.

3.4 Types and sources of data

The study has be used different methods of data collection instruments in order to collect
appropriate data for the study. The data sources for this study are both primary and secondary
data sources.

3.4.1 Primary data sources

Primary data sources have be employing to get first-hand information about the urban youth
unemployment. Gish Abay town administrative office, kebele administrators, environmental
protection officers, unemployment officers, as well as select unemployed people were using as a
primary data sources.

3.4.2. Secondary data sources

The researcher will collect information from difference secondary data sources. This including
published and unpublished books, magazines, journals, articles, thesis report, Gish Abay town
document and other document.

3.4.3 Method of data collection

A. Questionnaire
The researcher will prepare questionnaire and in partially speech to respondents. In order to
collect valuable information for the problem under study, questionnaire survey has been
employing as a vital data acquisition method. The questionnaire include both close end and open
end question which enables the researchers to capture relevant information relate to the problem
under study. The questionnaires are prepare in English language and translate to the local
language of the respondents (Amharic) for simplicity and precision purpose and also are again
translate back to English language for the purpose of analysis. Generally 66 sample unemployed
youth workers will kindly request to fill the questionnaires and make aware of about the purpose
of the study and confidentially of the questionnaire before starting to answer the question.

14
 B. Interview
In this primary data collection method questions would ask a face to face situation to collect
information for further investigation on the bases of the information gain from respondents,
semi-structure and structured interview are employing in order to become free to arrange the
form, order and timing of questions.

C. Observation
It is also another data gathering tools for primary data. The researchers would observe some
practices. Action and relevant people without asking questions in order to get information which
people are normally unwilling and unable to provide. The main advantage of this method are that
subjective biases eliminate and information obtains under this method relate currently happening.
It will employ to observe urban youth unemployment at the study area level in the town. Then
not about what people was written or what they said, but it is what they do.

3.5 .Methods of data analysis

The data collect from different sources Weill analyze by both qualitative and quantitative
methods. The qualitative data analysis the narration or describe collect through interview.in
qualitative method the existing situation of the problem are organize, summarize and explain by
using feasible words. The quantitative methods of data analysis the numerical and statistical
value, then the researcher use to quantitative data are analyze and interpret by using numerical
analysis to compare, contrast also explain the personal and socio-economic factor of the sample.

3.6. Materials and Software

To study this research the researcher used different materials like, mobile phone, notebook pen,
paper, arc GIS software, and opera mini software.

3.7 Ethical Considerations

The information will conducted and collected from volunteers and asking polite plantation of the
objective and the significance of the study will give to the participants of the study and different
concerned bodies in order to get more accurate information. Additionally the culture and
tradition at the study population will be repeated, finally, the time of data collection there
confidentiality and willingness.

15
3.8 Time and Budget Schedule
3.8.1 Time schedule
Table 3.8.1 Time Schedule

List of Activities April may Jun July

number
1 Topic selection 

2 Topic acceptance 

3 Literature search 

4 Proposal first draft 

5 Comment by advisor 

6 Proposal final draft 

7 Submission of proposal 

8 Search literature for 

research
9 Data collection 

10 Data analysis 

11 Research first draft 

12 Correction by advisor 

13 Research final draft 

14 Research submission 

15 Defense 

16
3.8.2 Budget Schedule

Table 3.8.2 Budget Schedule

Number Items Quantity Unit Unit in Cent Unit in birr Total cost

1 Paper 1 Pocket - 200 200

2 Pen 6 - - 60 60
3 Flash 1 GB - 300 300
4 Mobile 21 Birr - 210 210
card
5 Rulers 1 Cm - 10 10
6 Binder 1 - - 20 20
7 Printing 1 - - 200 200
8 Photocopy 2 - - 100 100
Total cost 34 - - 1,100 1,100

17
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Chandra Dip Singh (2015): Urban Geography concept and issues. Printed, in UK.

Constance. Sorentino (2000). International unemployment rates; how comparable are they?

Dr, Joyce, Rayel, (2004), urban youth unemployment study in selected urban centers in Papua

New Guinea.

Eric.Zuehlke (2016), population reference bureau.

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consideration.

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Growth, Gish Abay, Ethiopia.

Gish Abay town (2010) unpublishies.

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18
Jacobs. Emma, (2015): “Review generation jobless? By peter Vogel” financial times.

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. .printed in USA

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India.

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:Unpublished Document

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19
Tse.E.Chatzimarkakis (September, 2013), Demystifying youth unemployment.

20
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