III.

Analysis and Discussion

1. Friedman test

 Research question

Is this sufficient evidence to conclude that there are differences in the influence of factors for
Hanu students’ decision to choose the destination?

 Assumption

- The problem objective is to compare three populations: Friends or relatives

recommendation, World renowned must-see destination, Information on the
web.

- The data are ranked.

- This experiment is identified as randomized block design because each student

(block) was ranked three times.

 Therefore, the appreciated statistical technique is the Friedman test.

 Hypothesis testing procedure

Step 1: The null and alternative hypothesis

Ho: All three population distribution are the same

Ha: At least two population distribution differ

Step 2: Test statistic

Fr

Step 3: Level of significance

α = 0.05 => χ 2α, k-1 = χ 2.05, 3 = 7.8147

Step 4: Rejection region

Sampling distribution

The number of students responded (20 students) is greater than 5 => Fr is

approximately Chi-squares distributed with 2 degree of freedom.

Rejection region
 Fr > χ2α, k-1

Step 5: Value of test statistic (Use SPSS software to calculate)

Test Statisticsa

N 20
Chi-Square 10,507
df 2
Asymp. Sig. ,005

a. Friedman Test

Because Fr = 10.507 > χ 2.05, 3 = 7.8147

 Reject Ho

Step 6: Conclusion

There is enough statistical evidence to infer that there exists the difference from
influence of at least two factors.

2. Post hoc test

 To examine where the differences actually occur, we need to run separate Signed
test on the different combinations of related group. We would compare three
following pairs:

 Destination and Recommendation

 Web Information and Recommendation

 Web Information and Destination

 The Bonferroni test takes initial significant level and divides it by the number of
test made (n=3)

=> α = 0.05/3 = 0.017

We have results

Test Statisticsa

Destination - WebInformation - WebInformation -

Recommendation Recommendation Destination
 b b
Rejection
Exact Sig. (2-tailed) ,791 ,001 ,238b

Sign Test
region:
 p value < α = 0.017

 Value of test statistic (p- value = Exact Sig.)

p- value (Destination- Recommendation) = 0.791

p- value (Web information- Recommendation) = 0.001

p- value (Web information- Destination) = 0.238

Because both p- value (Destination- Recommendation) and p- value (Web

information- Destination) are greater than α (0.017)

 There is not enough evidence to conclude that there exists significant

difference in influence between two factors in each pairs: Web Information –
Destination and Destination- Recommendation

Because p- value (Web information- Recommendation) = 0.003 < α = 0.017

 There is enough evidence to conclude that there exists significant difference in

influence between two factors: Web Information and Recommendation.

 According to Descriptive statistic table,

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum

Recommendation 20 4,00 1,257 1 5

Destination 20 3,80 1,005 2 5
WebInformation 20 2,85 1,309 1 5

Mean of Recommendation and Web Information are 4 and 2.85 respectively.

Because 4 > 2.85

 The factor of Friends/ relatives recommendation have the most influence.

3. Interpreting the results and discussion