Present Simple Past Simple Present Perfect Future Simple

 Habits  Finished actions at a definite time in the past  the recent past, not sayi ng exactly when things happened  predictions
 Permanent situations  Habits in the past  to give news  instant decisions
Meaning

 Things that happen regularly  actions which started in the past and are still happening  offers
 General truths or have just finished  promises
 the result of the action is connected with the present
 always, every  yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990,  since, for, already, ever, just, never, yet  in a year, next
markersTime

day/week/month/year, never, often,  last night/Friday/week/month/year week/month/year,

seldom, sometimes, rarely, usually, tomorrow
hardly ever
(+) S + V1 (+) S + V2 (+) S + has/have + V3 (+) S + will + V1
HE/SHE/IT: S + V1-s (-) S + did not  (-) S + has/have + not + V3 (-) S + will + not + V1
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 (?) Did + S + V1 (?) Have/has + S + V3 (?) Will + S + V1
(?) Do/does + S + V1
Form

Present Simple of the verb TO BE Past Simple of the verb TO BE

(+) S + am/is/are + noun, adj, adv
(-) S + am/is/are + not + noun, adj, adv
(?) Am/is/are + S + noun, adj, adv
They speak./He speaks.
+
(+) S + was/were + noun, adverb, adjective *will not = won’t
(-) S + was/were+ not + + noun, adverb, adjective
(?)Was/were + S + noun, adverb, adjective
(+)He visited me yesterday. They have seen the Statue of Liberty. / She has seen the (+) She will work

He is a student. He was a businessman in 1999. Statue of Liberty. tomorrow.

They don’t speak./He does not speak. (-) He did not visit me yesterday. They haven’t seen the Statue of Liberty. / She hasn’t seen (-) She won’t work
-

He isn’t a student. He was not a businessman in 1999. the Statue of Liberty. tomorrow.
Do they speak?/Does he speak? (?) Did he visit you yesterday? Have they seen the Statue of Liberty. / Has she seen the (?) Will she work
?

Is he a student? Was he a businessman in 1999? Statue of Liberty. tomorrow?

Yes, they do./No, they don’t. Yes, he did. / No, he did not. Yes, they have./No, they haven’t. Yes, she will. / No, she
✓/-

Yes, he does./No, they doesn’t.
Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.
Present Continuous
 Temporary actions
 Events happening at or around the
Meaning
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.
Past Continuous
 Actions happening at a definite time in the past
 an action in progress before or at the time of
Yes, she has./No, she hasn’t. will not.
Past Perfect
 you are already talking about the past
 you want to talk about an earlier past action

time of speaking the past simple action

 To describe a picture
 Planned future actions
markersTime

 at the moment, just, just now,  while, as  by+time, after, before, when, by the time
Listen!, Look!, now, right now, this
month, tonight

(+) S + am/is/are + V1-ing (+) S + to be (was/were) + V-ing + O/C (+) S + had + V3 + O/C
Form

(-) S + am/is/are + not + V1-ing (-) S + to be (was/were) + not + V-ing + O/C (-) S + had + not + V3 + O/C
(?) Am/is/are + S + V1-ing (?) Was/were + S + V-ing + O/C (?) Had + S + V3 + O/C
(+) He is playing badminton now. (+) She was sleeping when I came. (+) He had gone to Bali when I called him.
+

(-) He is not playing badminton now. (-) She was not sleeping when I came. (-) He had not gone to Bali when I called him.
-

(?) Is he playing badminton now? (?) Was she sleeping when you came? (?) Had he gone to Bali when you called him?
/-✓ ?

Yes, he is. / No, he is not. Yes, she was. / No, she was not. Yes, he had. / No, he had not.