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NAMA : KUMALA MADURAHAYU NIRWANA

NIM : 151911913037

KELAS : 4A-LAMONGAN

The history of nursing spans during as the history of human kind. For as long as there has been life, there
has been the need to provide care and comfort to those suffering from illness and injury. From the dawn
of civilization, evidence prevails to support the premise that nurturing has been essential to the
preservation of life. Survival of the human race, therefore, is in inextricably intertwined with the
development of nursing. Nursing has been called the oldest of the arts and the youngest of the
profession. The word nurse evolved from the Latin word nutritious, which means nourishing. The roots
of medicine and nursing are intertwining and found in mythology, ancient eastern and western cultures
and religion. Nursing is defined by various authors at various times. Henderson says “nursing is primarily
assisting the individuals (sick or well) in the performances of those activities, contributing or its recovery
(or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or
knowledge. The unique contribution of nursing is to help the individual to be independent or such
assistance as soon as possible. The International Council Of Nurses defines “ Nursing is to assist the
individual, sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or to its recovery (or
to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge
and to do this in such a way as to help in gain independence as rapidly as possible. Nursing, besides
being an honorable profession, is one of the oldest arts and an essential modern occupation. Nursing is
one of the greatest of humanitarian services and all people whether ill or well, rich or poor, literate or
illiterate, young or old, at work or at play, in or out of hospital, are in some way or other, directly or
indirectly closely associated with it. Nursing has its own body of knowledge scientifically based and
humanitarianism that promises expanded benefits to people and society. It assists the individual or
family to achieve their potential for self -direction for health. Nursing is not only an applied science, it is
also an art which provides skillful care for the sick in appropriate relationship with the patient, family,
physician and with others who have related responsibilities. It is concerned equally with the prevention
of illness and the conservation of health. Skillful nursing care embraces the whole person, body, mind
and soul, his physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being (holistic approach). In its broadest sense,
nursing covers not only to care the sick, the aged, the helpless and the handicapped, but also cares for
the promotion of health and prevention of illness. The arts of nursing had its birth in the earliest home
where a mother cared for the wellbeing of the rest members of the family. It is this mother care that
through the ages developed into a skilled art and a well -organized science. It will be interesting to know
and understand the vast changes that nursing has passed through, in order to meet the needs of a
changing civilization. A study of the development of nursing will throw light on some of the problems of
the past, how they have been solved and how nursing has progressed rapidly despite various
hindrances. The paternal and maternal instinct in a human being is the main source of the nursing
impulse, and is found in the hearts of people of all ages. A mother's care for her sick child always found
expression in such acts to alleviate pain and help the child to get better. In a society, the noblest forms
of humanitarianism are showing mercy, love and kindness to those in physical or mental distress. When
this impulse or motive is re-enforced by religious philosophies and beliefs, it inspires people to live a life
of service and of self - sacrifice for the sake of others. Along with this spirit, special training and
experience has made nursing an ideal and useful profession.

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