CH-4 Direct Stresses and strains

(16-24 Marks)
Lecture 21
Deformation of bar with Tapering Section
A.Circular bar of Tapering section
Consider a tapering rod of Diameter d1 at one end and it
tapers uniformly to a diameter d2 at the other end in a
length L as shown in Figure. If modulus of elasticity of the
material is E, and the bar is subjected to an axial force P.
Change in diameter in length L is
Therefore, Rate of change of diameter,

Consider an elemental length of bar dx at a

distance x from larger end. The diameter of
the bar at this section is

Cross-sectional area
Therefore, Extension of the element

Extension of the entire bar

Deformation of bar withTapering Section
B. Bar of trapezoidal section
Consider a bar of uniform thickness ‘t’ tapers uniformly
from a width of b1 at one end to b2 at other end in a
length ‘L’ as shown in figure. The bar is subjected to an
axial force P.
 Consider an elemental length dx at a distance x
from larger end.
Rate of change of breadth is
Hence, width at section x is

Where,
Therefore, Cross-section area of the element
Since force acting at all sections is P only,
Extension of element

Total extension of the bar

Elongation due to self weight
A) Bar of uniform section
Consider a bar DE hanging at D
and acting only by its weight as
shown in figure.
Consider a elemental section of
dy
Weight of bar below section,
Elongation of elemental section;

Total elongation produced,

Elongation due to self weight
B) Bar of Tapering section
Consider a tapered section
having length L. Consider a
elemental section dy at a
distance y from lower end.
Weight of bar below section,
Elongation of elemental section is

Total elongation is given by

EXTENSION/SHORTENING OF A BAR
Consider the bars shown in Figure
From Hooke’s Law we have,
BARS WITH CROSS-SECTIONS VARYING
IN STEPS

Total change in length of the bar,

Numerical 1: A brass bar having cross-sectional
area of 1000 mm^2 is subjected to axial forces
as shown in figure. Find the total elongation of
the bar. Modulus of elasticity of brass=100
GN/m^2.
Solution:
Net change in length,

Here, negative sign indicates that the bar is

shortened by 0.12 mm(Ans.).
Homework: A member LMNP is subjected to point
loads as shown in figure.
Calculate:
i. Force P necessary for equilibrium.
ii. Total elongation of the bar.
Take E= 210 GN/m^2

(Answer: P=350 kN, Total elongation=0.278 mm)