Problem:2.

49
To find energy, 1st we find the electric field
By Gauss’s Law
∮ E. da = Q en ⁄𝜖𝑜
∮ Eda = Q en ⁄𝜖𝑜
Or
E ∮ da = Q en ⁄𝜖𝑜
⇒ E(4πr2) = Q en ⁄𝜖𝑜
⇒ Qen = 𝜖𝑜 4πr2E → (i)

By definition of volume charge density

Qen = ∫ ρ dτ
In polar coordinate system
dτ = r2 sinθdrdθdφ
So Qen = ∭ ρ r2 sinθdrdθdφ

r π 2π
= ∫0 (kr)r 2 dr ∫0 sinθdθ ∫0 dφ [∵ ρ = kr]

r π 2π
r4
Qen = k [ ] ⌈−cosθ ⌉ ⌈ 4 ⌉
4 0
0 0

k
= r4 [-(cosπ – cos0)] [2π]
4
k
= r4 (+2)(2π) = πkr4
4
So Eq (i) becomes
πkr4 = 𝜖𝑜 4πr2E
πkr4 k
E= ⇒ ⃗E = r2 r̂ (r<R);
4𝜋𝜖𝑜 r2 4 ϵo
kR4
and ⃗E = r̂
4ϵo
Method – I
Now energy stored by I – Method is
2
𝜖𝑜 2 𝜖𝑜 kr2
W= ∫ E dτ = ∫( ) dτ
2 all space 2 4 ϵo
The energy stored inside and outside the sphere integral is splitted to two
parts
2 2
𝜖𝑜 R kr2 𝜖𝑜∞ kr2
W= ∫ ( )
2 0 4 ϵo
dτ + ∫ ( )
2 R 4 ϵo
dτ
4
∵V= πr 3
𝜖𝑜 R k2 𝜖𝑜 ∞ k2 R4 3
W= ∫ r4 4πr2dr + ∫ 4πr2dr [dv = 4
π(3r 2 )dr ]
2 0 16 ϵ𝑜 2 2 R 16 ϵ𝑜 2 3
dv = 4πr 2 dr
4 ϵo k π R ∞ 1
W= 2 {∫0 r 6 dr + R8 ∫R r2
dr}
32 ϵo

4 ϵo k π r7
R −1 ∞
8 r
W= {| | + R | −1 | }
32 ϵo 2 7 0 R
4 ϵo k π R7
W= 2 [ + R7 ]
32 ϵo 7

kπ 8 R7 𝐤𝛑 7
W = 8ϵ [ ]= R (Ans)
o 7 𝟕𝛜𝐨

Method – II
1
∵ W = ∫ ρV dτ → (ii)
2

Now we find V :
V for a region r < R,
r 𝑅 r
V(r) = − ∫∞ E. dl = − ∫∞ E. dl − ∫𝑅 E. dl
Putting value of E,
R k R2 r k R2
= − ∫∞ 2 dr − ∫R 4 ϵ dr
4r o
R
R R4
k r k 1 R r3
V(r) =− {∫
4 ϵo ∞ r2
dr + ∫R r 2 dr} = −
4 ϵo
4
{R |− r | + | 3 ∞
| }
∞
 k r3
V(r) = (R3 − )
3 ϵo 4
Putting ρ = kr (given) and V(r) in equ (ii) we get
4
∵V= πr 3
1 R k r𝟑 3
W= ∫ kr [ (R3 − )] 4πr2dr [dv = 4
π(3r 2 )dr ]
2 0 3 ϵo 4 3
dv = 4πr 2 dr
4πk2 R r𝟔
=
6 ϵ𝑜
∫0 (R3 r 3 − 4
)dr

R R
2πk2 3 r4 1 r𝟕 2πk2 R3 R4 R7
= {R |− | − | | } = [( − )]
3 ϵ𝑜 4 0 4 7 0 3 ϵ𝑜 4 28

2πk2 R7 R7 2πk2 R7 − R3 πk2 × 6R7

= [4 − ] = [ ]=
3 ϵ𝑜 28 3×4ϵ𝑜 7 6 ϵ𝑜 7

𝛑𝐤 𝟐 𝐑𝟑
W = Ans
𝟕 𝛜𝒐

Problem:2.50
First we find Electric field intensity
∵ E = −∇V
𝜕 e−λr 𝜕
= [(A )] r̂ = −A [(r −1 e−λr )]r̂
𝜕𝑟 r 𝜕𝑟
= −A {r −1 (−λ)e−λr + e−λr (−r −2 )} r̂

−λe−λr e−λr λ 1 λr+1

=A[ + ] = A e−λr [r3 + r3 ] r̂ = A e−λr [ ] r̂
r r2 r2
r̂
E = A e−λr (1+rλ) → (i)
r2
Now to find charge density using differential form of Gauss’s law
ρ
i.e ∇.E = ⟹ ρ = 𝜖𝑜 ∇.E
𝜖o
Putting value of E from equ (i)
 r̂ r̂
ρ = 𝜖𝑜 ∇. A e−λr (1+rλ) ⟹ ρ = 𝜖𝑜 A ∇. e−λr (1+rλ)
r2 r2
r̂ r̂
= 𝜖𝑜 A {e−λr (1+rλ) ∇. 2 + ∇. e−λr (1+rλ) → (ii)
r r2
r̂
But ∇. = 4πδ3(r) And
r2
r̂
e−λr (1+rλ) ∇. 2 = e−λr
(1+rλ) 4πδ3(r) → (iii)
r
And
r̂ r̂ ∂
∇. e−λr (1+rλ) = 2 .{ e−λr (1 + rλ)r̂ }
r2 r ∂r
r̂ −λr ( −λr }
= 2 . { −λe 1 + rλ ) + λ e r̂
r
r̂
= . {−λe−λr − rλ2 e−λr + λ e−λr }r̂
r2
r̂ 2 −λr λ2 −λr
= . (−rλ e ) r̂ =− e → (iv)
r2 r
Putting (ii) and (iii) in (i) we get
3 λ2 −λr
ρ = 𝜖𝑜 A {4πδ (𝑥) − e } r̂ which gives volume charge
r
density.
(iii) Charge:
As Q = ∫ ρ dτ
3 λ2 −λr
= ∫ 𝜖𝑜 A (4πδ (𝑥) − e ) dτ
r
3 2 e−λr
= 𝜖𝑜 A {4π ∫ δ (𝑥) dτ − λ ∫ 4πr 2 dr}
r
∞
= 𝜖𝑜 A {4π(1) − 4πλ2 ∫0 re−λr dr}
1
= 𝜖𝑜 A {4π − 4πλ2 . λ2} = 𝜖𝑜 A (4π − 4π)
= 𝜖𝑜 A(0)
Q=0