2/4/2020 Transient Analysis of DC Motor | Equivalent Circuit

Transient Analysis of DC Motor

DC MOTOR DRIVES, ELECTRICAL DRIVES

Transient Analysis of DC Motor:

Starting, braking, reversing speed changing and load changing are the Transient Analysis of
DC Motor which commonly occur in an industrial drive. One is interested in knowing how
current, torque and speed of the driving motor change with time when under these transient
operations. One is also interested in knowing energy losses, particularly those responsible for
heating of the motor, and time taken for the completion of the Transient Analysis of DC Motor.
This information is needed by the designer for selecting suitable rating of the motor, nature and
type of its control equipment and its operation schedule, and types of protective devices and
their settings.

Dynamic equivalent circuits of dc motors are shown in Fig. 5.12. Source voltage v motor
armature current ia and back emf e are denoted by lower case letters to emphasize that these
are instantaneous values of time varying quantities. B and J are respectively the coefficient of
viscous friction in Nm/rad/sec and polar moment of inertia in kg-m2 of the motor load system
referred to the motor shaft.

Voltage equation of the armature circuit under transient is given by

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Further

The above Transient Analysis of DC Motor are valid for any dc motor. In case of a separately
excited motor when field current is maintained constant, flux remains constant, and (5.16) and
(5.17) are linear differential equations. In case of a series motor, due to saturation of the
magnetic circuit, flux is a nonlinear function of the armature current, and therefore, (5.16) and
(5.17) are nonlinear differential equations. Even if magnetic circuit is assumed linear by
neglecting saturation, (5.16) and (5.17) are nonlinear differential equations due to e being
proportional to the product of ia and ωm, and T being proportional to i2a. Thus, for a series

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motor these equations can only be solved numerically using 4th order Rungekutta method or
predictor corrector method.

Transient Analysis of Separately Excited Motor with Armature Control:

When field current is kept constant, flux remains constant. Replacing KeΦ by a constant K in
Eqs. (5.16) to (5.18), yields

Differentiating Eq. (5.20) gives

Substituting in Eq. (5.19) for dia/dt from (5.21) and rearranging terms gives

Differentiating Eq. (5.19) gives

Substituting in Eq. (5.20) for dωm/dt from Eq. (5.23) and rearranging the terms yields

where

Equations (5.22) and (5.24) are second order linear differential equations and can be solved if
the appropriate initial conditions are known. Once ia vs t relation is obtained from Eq. (5.24), T
vs t relation can be calculated.

Transient Analysis of Starting of Separately Excited Motor with Armature Control:

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