1.

a Answer:
A gift is something that people’s give to someone without the expectation or return of anything. And
bribe is something that people’s offer or give with some expectation and return in future. They give for
something to get some benefits in future by the help of gifted person’s. In some cases, people’s may
not know the purpose of the giver. Difference between the bribe and gift are:
Tests Bribe Gift
Timing Given before Give after
Cost of item Large amount Small amount, articles of
daily use
Transparency Made in secret Made in open
Quality Of Product Poor Good/High
Motive Expected undue favor Thanking for favor
Consequence on Damaging the good will and No damage involved
organization’s good reputation
will

1.b.Answer:
Gift are something that we get or give someone without any expectation and return in future. But bribe
are those gift which brings something benefits after sometimes in future. So bribe are gift gives to
someones for benefits, expectation and some return in future. Bribes can be consider as unethical
activities to get benefits. Gifts that falls into the gray area between a gift and a bribe when bribe are
receive without knowing what is reason behind it. And it may effect in future of receiver and giver get
benefits. Reason behinds bribes may be for some, promotions, political seats and social engineering
also be one examples of the bribes.

Let us consider an example prime minister of Nepal “KP OLI” invest so much money to
become prime minister of Nepal. And he get loan from banks and now he need to be clear all loans of
banks but he doesn’t have enough money for it. At that time the businessman of Nepal come and clear
all loans of the prime minister. “KP Oli” thing that he gifted him and he will help in future. But after
some times businessman request to give permission for transport weapons for business. At that
condition this gift of business man for prime minister fall in gray area between the gift and bribe.

Another excellent real example is “WIX E-commerce” website offers the person and
organization to create free website as a gift and lunch website with their “WIX E-commerce” domain
and earn money. Many people and persons makes website store for sale product online in local area.
And it is also have online payment system for purchase products. But at last user are know that they
are collecting and monitoring all customer data and information for benefits and sale them with other
organization. At that condition gift of the free gift of the “WIX ecommerce” fall into the gray area
between the gift and bribe.

2.Answer:

law of enforcement agencies are maybe anyone who enforce law like, state police, federal agencies,
local police, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) or Drug enforcement Administration (DEA). This
agencies helps people from the different negative activities and work against the law. Surveillance
cameras and data from vehicle data recorders helps enforcement agencies to catch criminal and
control the unethical activities. But in case of some agencies they use it as opportunities to capture
the peoples data. In another perspective it seems to be against the people privacy. And in opinion
agencies should be able to make use of advanced CCTV cameras and data recorded from vehicle
data recorders in a court of law.

While dealing with various cases in court, they ma need various evidences and reasons in
order to find out the real culprits so the enforcement agencies should be used advance surveillance
camera and data record of vehicles. Advance surveillance camera helps the when how some fraud's
are going to do against law and criminal activities. Advance surveillance camera are able to recognize
face and vehicle numbers, so if person is criminal and surveillance cameras easily identify the person
and as well as a vehicles. So it directly helps to reduce the criminal activities. The data recorded can
help to capture when and how the accidents took place in the traffic of the roads. The data can
accurately find out the mistakes that happened during the drive or ride.

Sometimes if people do wrong thing accidentally happen then we deny their mistake and
wrong people may not be punished. At that situation recorded data are help to work out on those
mistakes that happen due to the wrong judgment of the lawyers. Advance surveillance camera are
used to track unwanted behaviors, criminal activities which helps to reduce the criminal activity in
society.

Law enforcement agencies should be able to use advanced surveillance cameras and data
from vehicle data recorders in a court of law because the data collected by these cameras and data
collectors should not be shared with all agencies. There should be an approval procedure in place to
obtain this data so that it is only given to police and agencies that truly require it. Surveillance cameras
and vehicle data collectors are excellent instruments accessible to law enforcement agencies all over
the world; this is unquestionably one of the finest gifts that technology has bestowed. Given the rise in
crime and terrorist activity in recent years, these cameras must be put in every conceivable public
space. Advanced surveillance has the ability to store and provide records of incredible new data.
Surveillance techniques such as camera surveillance and vehicle data record surveillance are
available to law enforcement agencies

3.a.Answer:
Product liability represents to the responsibility of makers, sellers, distributors, and others for damage
caused by defective or damage products. There is no federal product liability legislation; instead,
common law (established by state judges) and Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code, which deals
with the sale of products, govern product responsibility. The product may be so defective as to
threaten a people’s health and safety because of so many reasons like failure of manufacturer to
produce an economically feasible or less dangerous alternative. Such products which are defective
generally fall into one of the following categories:
 Design defect: The designing might not have been done properly.

 Manufacturing Flaw: The tester might have failed in testing of the product.

Software defects may cause physical injury, money loss, lose reputation of product, company as well
as it directly effects customer in market which may be able to demotivate customer or client. Claims
for software product liable are frequently founded on strict responsibility, carelessness, warranty, or
misrepresentation often one being the other. Such defects will get strict liability. Strict liability is
something that we pay for your defects or dangerous actions. Software defects cause injury or loss
then it can come in form of physical mishaps and death. Loss of reputation, loss of revenue an
increase in expenses due to business disruption cause by the software defects or failures.

There is possibilities that the product or the software will cause some sort of injury to person, or
business organization. Some small defects in software may causes some dangerous events like data
loss, hacking, and sometimes it may damage customer health and device. In this case, the victim can
sue the owner/manufacturer for the cause and go for legal action.

3.b.Answer:
Strict liability mean the penalization people if the product is defective, expire or harmful in an manner.
If the product is damage and defective them person who purchase have right to get the compensation
from the organization or company which develop and operates the software application product when
the error is occur. So strict liability explain about the rights of people who get the faulty or damage,
defect product or software while purchasing or after purchasing. All participants in distribution chain,
like manufacturer, subcontractor, distributes, are strictly accountable for product damaged and may be
harmful.

For example, let us consider I purchase customer management software and get error, or
crash after two days. At that case I have right to get new system for my company or they have to
repair my software. The victim of the software failure should be able to provide the evidence that the
manufacturer of the software failed to develop and test its product well enough. There is software
defect, the developer and company saying that software product is safe and can handle thousands of
the customer. In this condition strict liability applied. According to strict liability law the manufacturing
or designing company should be solve the problem or make new software for me.

Strict liability is applied when software product has defects knowingly or knowingly. Some
compensation that the developer has to bear for the defect in the product is known as strict liability.
Even if there purchaser was no actual hurt, but product is defect then suppler might be held financially
liable. It's debatable whether the software is a product or a service. However, there is
increasing evidence that courts will see software as a product.