Investigating Diversity ③ comparison of base sequence of mRNA Immunological companions

•
Classification
→
originally based on observable features
-

Different alleles of a gene produces -

similar proteins will bind to same

•
When organisms evolve x features change but also molecules
, slightly different mRNA base sequence antibodies
from which they are made -

this produces proteins w/

slightly diff .
-

Antibodies will recognize human &

a. a sequence, chimp protein but not movie
Now ? ① Comparison
of observable features
② Comparison of DNA base sequence ④ Companion of a. a sequence in proteins
③ comparison of base sequence of mRNA -
Proteins are made of a. a
④ Comparison of a. a sequence in proteins -

Base sequence of DNA codes for a. a

sequence
① Comparison of observable features 3 " accurate -

Related organisms :
similar a. a sequence
Genetic diversity measured using observable features
in protein

Investigating Diversity
-

characteristics determined by gene

Gene technologies :

Variety of characteristics depend on no A variety

-

of alleles of gene lwlenviw mental influences ) .

Since diff alleles determine
however characteristics are polygenic so are not
Evolbeutiobtained
onary Relationships between species can
-

,
diff characteristics a wide
discrete & difficult to distinguish → multiple genes ,

Can also be modified by Alvin mental factors

a .

variety of each char indicates .

During evolution ,
as one species splits from original ,
a a diff alleles → A genetic

new species will be very similar diversity

② Comparison of DNA base sequence .
Due to mutations nucleotide sequence
,
changes I More diff in DNA I .

Closely related species have similar DNA sequences than distant Gene tech allows us to
• a

Gene tech allows the DNA base sequences to be read a Allows us to determine
evolutionary relationships measure genetic diversity directly
-

enact sequence of nucleotides can be determined by machines •

① Diff alleles ,
diff base
-

genetic diversity can be measured by sampling members sequence .

& sequencing their DNA comparing this sequence in

-
coloured bands can be compared against individuals or diff organisms allows
other species using a laser to pick up the colours & scientists to find how many
computers process data alleles of gene
closest Relative to Hippo :

← New tech
Fluorescent dye whale .
o
,
more accurate
estimate .