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CALENDAR

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Calendar

Calendar is a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks and months of a particular year as
giving particular seasonal information.
Types of year
Ordinary year Leap year

↓ ↓

365 days 366 Days or 5 hrs, 48 minutes, 48 second

↓ ↓

52 weeks + 1 odd day 52 weeks + 2 odd day

Concept of odd days

To find the number of odd days, in days, weeks, month etc, we divide that particular number by 7
until we get a remainder which is less than 7.
* Odd days in days
Remainder odd days
777
777 days = = 0 days
7
778
778 days = = 1 day
7
675
675 days = = 3 days
7

* Odd days in months

Remainder (odd days)
31
January → 31 days = 3 days
7
28
February → 28 days = = 0 days
7

(Normal year)
25
February → 29 days = = 1 day
7

(leap year)
30
April → 30 days 7
= 2 days

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* Odd days in year (less than 100)

10 years
Step 1: Always divide the given year by 4
10
= 2 → Quotient (भागफल)
4

Step 2: Given year + Quotient

10 + 2 ⇒ 12
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 2
Step 3: = Remainder (odd days)
7
12
= 5 (Remainder) (odd days)
7

* Odd days in years (above 100 years)

 100 years or one century contains 76 ordinary years and 24 leap year
 [76 × 52 weeks + 76 odd days] + [24 × 52 weeks + 24 × 2 odd days]

= (76 + 24) × 52 weeks + (76 + 48) odd days

= 100 × 52 weeks + 124 odd days
= 100 × 52 weeks + (17 × 7 + 5) odd days
∴ 100 years contain 5 odd days.
Similarly, 200 years contain 3 odd days.
300 years contain 1 odd days
400 years contain 0 odd days
Any number of year which is a multiple of 400 contain 0 odd days i.e. 800, 1600, 2400 etc.

* Some codes for the days of weeks

Sunday – 0
Monday – 1
Tuesday – 2
Wednesday – 3
Thursday – 4
Friday – 5
Saturday – 6

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Types of Questions
* Last day & first day of a year.
Ordinary year

Leap year

Ex –
If 1st January 2015 is Monday then what will be the day on 31st December 2015.
Ans: As 2015 is an ordinary year. 1st Day (1st January 2015) – Monday
Last day (31st December 2015) – Monday

Ex –
If 1st January 2020 is Friday then what will be the day on 31st December 2020.
As 2020 is a leap year.
1st Day (1st January 2020) – Friday
Last Day (31st December 2020) – Friday + 1 Day – Saturday

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* Same Date Case

Month of February
Ordinary year 28 days Leap year 29 days

↓ ↓

+ 1 day + 2 days

Ex – If day on 15 February 1788 is Friday then what will be the day on 15 February 1790?
1789 – Non leap year [1789 is not completely divisible by 4]
15 Feb 1789 – Friday + 1 Day
15 Feb 1790 – Saturday

Ex – 17 day on 26 January 1996 is Wednesday then what will be the day on 26 January 1997?
1996 – leap year
26 Jan 1996 – Wednesday + 2 days
26 Jan 1997 – Friday

* Repetition of Calendar year given

Calendar Repeat (Leap year) → 28 years
Non leap year
→ Previous year – Non leap year 11 year
→ Previous year – leap year 6 years
Full Data given

Leap year Leap year + 1 Leap year + 2 Leap year + 3

Till 28 feb +5 +6 +6 + 11

After 28 feb +6 +6 + 11 +5

Reference Date
Ex – Rohit’s birthday was on 16 January 1991, which was Monday, when would he celebrate his
birthday again on Monday?

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1991 → leap year + 3

1988 + 3
16 January is a date which falls before 28 feb
∴ The calendar will repeat after 11 years
1991 + 11 years = 2002
Rohit’s birthday will fall again on Monday on 16 January 2002.

* To find day on a particular date

Ex. What will be the day on 15 August 2020?

Firstly, we’ll divide 2020 in different years.

Odd days

2000 Complete century year = 0 odd days

19
19 Complete years = = 4 → (Quotient)
4

⇒ 19 + 4 = 23 years
23
⇒ = 2 odd days
7
31
January 2020 = = 3 odd days
7

29
February 2020 = 1 odd day
7
31
March 2020 = = 3 odd days
7
30
April 2020 = = 2 odd days
7
31
May 2020 = = 3 odd days
7
30
June 2020 = = 2 odd days
7
31
July 2020 = = 3 odd days
7
15
Till 15 Aug 2020 = = 1 odd day
7

Total odd days = 19 odd days

20
⇒ = 6 odd days
7

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5 is the code for Saturday.

∴ The day on 15 August 2020 will be Saturday.

Ex:- 3rd day of the month ⇒ Monday

29th of the same month - ?
3rd + 21 days (Multiple of 7)
24th ⇒ Monday
+ 5 days
29th ⇒ Saturday

* To find day after or prior to some days.

Ex – Today, it is Tuesday then after 678 days it will be?
Here, we need to calculate the number of days.
678
= 6 (Remainder)
7

Now, Tuesday + 6 days = Monday.

Ex:-
Sneha remembers that her birthday will fall on before Saturday but after Wednesday this year. Her
Mother remembers that her birthday will fall on the day between Wednesday and Sunday but not
on Thursday. On which day her birthday will fall?
Ans: From the 1st statement, we know that Sneha’s birthday is after Wednesday and before Satur-
day.
It means, the Possible days for his birthday are Thursday, and Friday.
Then, from the second statement, we know that her birthday is not on Thursday.
This, Her birthday will fall on Friday.

Practice questions
Level 1

Q1. If today is Monday, what day will be 128 days after today?
Solution:
128 days is 126 days (18 weeks) + 2 odd days.
2 odd days after Monday is Wednesday.

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Hence, Wednesday is the correct answer.

Q2. Kailash remembers that his brother Deepak’s birthday falls after 20th May but before 28th May,
while Geeta remembers that Deepak’s birthday falls before 22 nd May but after 12th May. On what
data Deepak’s birthday falls?
Solution:
The birthday is on 21st May because Kailash thinks it’s after 20th May and Geeta thinks it’s before
22nd May.
Hence, Deepak’s birthday is on 21st May.

Q3. If it is Thursday then what will be the day of the week after 270 days in the same year?
Solution:
The correct answer is option C . i. e. Friday.
270 days = 38 weeks + 4 odd days
4 odd days means = Thursday + 4 = Monday.
Day’s code:
Mon- Tues- Wednes- Thurs- Fri- Satur- Sun-
Days
day day day day day day day
Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7/0

Hence, the answer is Monday.

Q4. Which two months in a year have the same calendar?

Solution:
April, July = 30 + 31 + 30 = 91 is divisible by 7. So, no odd days.
And hence it has the same calendar.
Hence April, July is the correct answer.

Q5. What will be the day on 6th November 2020?

Solution: First let us calculate what day was on 1st of November.
2000 years = 0 odd days.
From 2001 to 2019, the number of odd days is 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1
+ 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 23 or 2 odd days.
From January to October, the number of odd days is 31 + 29 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 31 + 30 + 31
= 305 or just 4 odd days.
Total odd days is 6 which is Friday.

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Hence Friday is the correct answer.

Level 2
Q1. In the particular year, March had 4 Friday and 5 Tuesday. Then month would have been started
with which day?
Solution:
If month would have been started with Sunday then,
March has 31 days,
Sunday, Monday and Tuesday would have come 5 times and Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Sat-
urday would have came 4 times.
If month would have been started with Monday then,
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday would have come 5 times and Thursday, Friday, Saturday and
Sunday would have came 4 times.
If month would have been started with Tuesday then,
Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday would have come 5 times and Friday, Saturday, Sunday and
Monday would have came 4 times.
If month would have been started with Wednesday, then
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday would have come 5 times and Saturday, Sunday, Monday and
Tuesday would have came 4 times.
Hence, the answer is ‘Can’t be determined’.

Q2. On which date in June 2001 did Saturday fall?

Solution:
2000 years = 0 odd days.
So, from January 1, 2001 to June 1, 2001, the number of odd days are:
(31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 1) = 152 day and that is 21 weeks + 5 odd days.
So 1st of June is Thursday.
And so 3rd, 10th, 17th, and 24thJune is Saturday.
Hence, 3,10, 17, 24 is the correct answer.

Q3. What day did 6th August 1987 fall on?

Solution:
To determine the day of the week on 6th August 1987, we use the following method:
No. of odd days in 1600 years = 0 (closest multiple of 400 before 1987)
No. of odd days from 1700 to 1900 = 5 × 3 (mod 7) = 1 (5 odd days in every 100 years)

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The closest leap year before 1987 = 1984.

There are 20 leap years and 63 ordinary years between 1901 and 1983.
Therefore, number of odd days from 1901 to 1983 = 5
Therefore, total number of odd days from 1984 to 1986 = 4.
No. of odd days = no. of
Month (1987)
days in the month (mod 7)
January 3
February 0 (not a leap year)
March 3
April 2
May 3
June 2
July 3

Therefore, total no. of odd days from 1600 to July 1987 = 0 + 1 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 0 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 26

No. of odd days in August 1987 (counting upto 6th August 1987) = 6 (mod 7) = 6
Therefore, total no. of odd days upto 6th August 1987 = (26 + 6) mod 7 = 4
Now,
if the remainder (the total no. of odd days) is as follows, then it corresponds to the following day:
Remain- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
der
Weekday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednes- Thurs- Friday Satur-
day day day
We have remainder 4 which corresponds to Thursday.
Hence, on 6th August 1987, it was a Thursday.

Q4. How many working days are there in November and December if November 1 is on Tuesday
and all Sunday is a holiday also every 2nd and 4th Saturday of a month is a holiday?
Solution:
November has 30 day or 2 odd days. So, December 1 is Thursday.
In November, 1 is Tuesday, so 6th, 13th, 20th and 27th is a Sunday and has 2 non-working Saturdays.
Total holidays in November is 6.
In December, 1 is Thursday, so 4th, 11th, 18th and 25th are Sundays. And 2 non-working Saturdays.
Total holidays in December is 6.
Total 12 holiday in 2 months combined.

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Hence, 12 is the correct answer.

Q5. A was born on 1st January 1900 and died on 30th December 1999. How many leap years had A
lived?
Solution:
1900 is a leap year and A didn’t live in the year 2000.
So, from 1901 to 1999, it is 99 years which has 24 leap years. So, A has lived 24 + 1 = 25 leap years.
Hence, 25 is the correct answer.

Level 3
Q1. Which of the following days cannot be the last day of a century?
Solution:
100 years has 5 odd days
So, last day is a Friday
200 years has 10 odd days or just 3 odd days
So last day is a Wednesday
300 years has 15 odd days or just 1 odd day.
So last day is a Monday.
400 years has 0 odd days.
So last day is a Sunday.
This cycle keeps on repeating and we don’t get a Tuesday or Thursday or Saturday at the end.
Hence, Tuesday is the correct answer.

Q2. Latika fills petrol in her car once in three days. This week if she puts petrol in a Wednesday, on
which of the following days will she fill petrol in the following week?
Solution:
Given: Latika fills petrol in her car once in three days.
This week ⇒ Wednesday,
In the same week, she will put petrol on → Wednesday + 3 = Saturday.
Following/next week → Saturday + 3 = Tuesday, and Tuesday + 3 = Friday.
Hence, “Tuesday and Friday” is the correct answer.

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Q3. In the year 2007, which is not a leap year, there are 28 days in February and the total days in
the year are 365. In 2008, which is a leap year, there are 29 days in February and the total days in
the year are 366. If the date May 16, 2007 is a Wednesday:
Then which day would fall on the date May 16, 2008?
Solution:
Every year, day is increased by one odd day. But in a leap year, it is increased by 2 days because of
29 days in February.
On 16 May 2007, the day is Wednesday.
So, 16 May 2008, the day will be Wednesday + 2 = Friday.

Q4. How many months have at least 29 days from 1995 to 2010?
Solution:
4 years (1996, 2000, 2004, 2008) have 29 days of February.
Implies 12 months of these 4 years have 29 days = 12 months × 4 years = 48 months (have 29 days
in each month)
Balance years = 16 – 4 = 12 years
12 years have 11 months with 29 days. = 12 × 11 = 132
So, 48 + 132 = 180 months (have at least 29 days)
Hence, the answer is 180.

Q5. The day on 13th September 2013 is Tuesday. The next 1234th day of 13th September 2013 will
falls on which date?
Solution:
13th September 2013 – Tuesday
After 365 days (2014 is ordinary year, odd days = 1)
366th day - 13th September 2014 – Wednesday
After 730 days (2015 is ordinary year, odd days = 1)
731st day – 13th September 2015 – Thursday
After 1096 days (2016 is a leap year, odd days = 2)
1097th day – 13th September 2016 – Saturday
Days remaining = (1234- 1097) = 137 days
14th September 2016 to 30th September 2016 – 17 days
October 2016 – 31 days
November 2016 – 30 day
December 2016 – 31 days
Total days from 14th September 2016 to 31st December 2016 = 109 days

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Days remaining = (137 - 109) = 28 days

1st January 2017 to 28th January 2017 = 28 days.
Hence, 1234th day after 13th September 2013

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