1.3.

8Practice: Assessing Colonial Relations Practice

AP U.S. History Sem 1 Name: Emma Stambaugh

Points Possible:8​ 0
Date:

This practice assignment is worth 80 points. To get the best grade possible, review the
scoring rubric below and follow the instructions in the assignment closely.

For this assignment, you will formulate an argument about American Indian–colonial
relations in North America, and write a five-paragraph argumentative essay defending
your argument and using evidence from primary and secondary sources.

The research section of this assignment is worth 40 points. Make sure you completely
answer all questions and sections of the research assignment sheet.

Step 1: State Your Argument

Based on your existing knowledge of American Indian–colonial relations in North America,
write an argument to use as the basis of your research.

The Indian-Colonial relations in north america were far from good.

Step 2: Research Notes

Use the chart below to keep track of primary and secondary source evidence you find that
supports your argument. Be sure to fill out each column. The following primary sources can be
found on the AP U.S. History Research Library:

● Thomas Morton, "Manners and Customs of the Indians," an extract from his "New
English Cannon," 1637
● Pedro Naranjo, "Coexistence and Conflict in the Spanish Southwest: The Pueblo Revolt
of 1680"
● Mary Rowlandson, "Captivity and Restoration"
● Jean Nicolet, "Account of the First Contact of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago)"

You can use any secondary sources that you like as long as they are reliable and fully cited.

Author or title of Location and date Description of text Is the account

source written biased?

Thomas Morton Written in 1637, in This is a description The account does

“Manners and the area of New of the Native not lean one specific
Customs of the England American’s that way or the other. It
Indians” lived in admires and and
Massachusetts rejected some things
(specifically)
according to
Thomas Morton.
 A description of the Yes this does have a
Pueblo Indian revolt clear bias. It is told
Pedro Naranjo, New Mexico 1680 told from the eyes of from the perspective
an Indian Prisoner, of an indian
"Coexistence and
and the reasons prisoner, who
Conflict in the
behind it detested the
Spanish Southwest:
spaniards.
The Pueblo Revolt

A diary/ journal There is a level of

telling a narrative of bias, she was held
Mary Rowlandson,
Lancaster, how she was held captive by these
"Captivity and
1675/1676 captive by Indians people so of course
Restoration”
for 11 weeks with she is going to be
details of her biased when writing
treatment about her
experience, but there
is still fact to it.

An account that There seems to be

described and no apparent bias,
Jean Nicolet,
"Account of the First Originally recorded explained the first but the french and
in the Green Bay, account between the the Indians got along
Contact of the
1634 french and an indian very well. Perhaps
Ho-Chunk
tribe. the bias is from
(Winnebago)
french perspective
Supporting Claims

List at least two claims from secondary sources or other historians that support your own
argument here.

- A claim stated in David Emory Shi’s ​America, A Narrative of History,​ Columbus's

voyage started a European bias that indians were inferior peoples worthy of being
exploited and enslaved
- Another claim stated in David Emory Shi’s ​America, A Narrative of History​, was about
Hernan Cortes and his mistreatment of the indians as far as racism, torture and the
bringing of diseases

Counterclaims

List any counterclaims you come across in your research here.

The Indian-colonial relations were good in north america because they traded with one another,
and attempted to understand each other.

 
 ​Better Or Worse?

The colonization of the Americas had the biggest impact on the native peoples. Some

died because of the diseases that were brought over, some died in the wars that were fought to

defend their homeland, some were killed through the process of slavery, some were tortured to

death. Looking more at the 17th century, we see a little animosity between the colonies and the

natives. Despite the few french and dutch colonies that had managed to form an alliance with the

natives, both had committed acts of aggressions against the other and that being said, the

indian-colonial relations were not good because even though some areas got along better with

others, both sides had instigated a lot of violence against the other like when the Indians kept

Mary Rowland captive, and the colonies prejudice and acts of racism that were held against the

indians.

The tension between the european colonizers and the natives go way back to the 15th

century when Columbus arrived and started what you could consider a rivalry between the

natives and the european in what we would call the Carribean. The treatment continued after

Columbus was penalized to an extent for how he treated them, when Hernan Cortes came into

Mexico, and started the domino effect that led to the fall of the Aztec empire, while instituting a

caste system depending on how fair your skin was. Spanish people on top, and the darker your

skin got the lower you were ranked. This is a direct link to the statement that the relations

between the natives and colonies were not good. There was racism, slavery and a lot of war.

However there were a lot of revolts led by the natives that were acts of violence against the

colonizers as well.

As the Americas are continuing to be explored, there are more world powers that are

interested in the colonies. England, France, and many more were starting to gain interest and
start setting up colonies in spread out places along the east coast and the midwest. This also

means more encounters with native indians which, according to some encounters were not so

well. In around the spring of 1675, a group of indians kidnapped Mary Rowlandson, took her and

her sons hostage and held her until a ransom was paid. They treated her terribly, not killing her,

and some traded with her in exchange for knitted goods. Mary was returned alive and somewhat

okay but it leads to the idea that the relations were not good at all. Another example is when in

1680, the Pueblo Revolt is another example of a not so friendly coexistence. The pueblo indians

of New Mexico had destroyed every Catholic church, and had committed many vicious acts

against anyone associated with the spanish or catholicism. All of these encounters loop back to

the idea that the indian-colonial relations were bad. Time after time the encounters end up

leading to some form of violence against the other. Due to fear, prejudice, rumors, stories and

much more.

Some could argue that the relationship between the natives and a few french and dutch

colonies were really good, and how they depended on one another for survival through trade and

alliances that they have formed; you could say that is true. However do a few good relationships

over rule, way too many acts of aggressions between the two to consider these relationships

good. There are many instances where both sides used violence, and nothing in the history of the

colonization period points to there being a single good relationship, besides the few alliances.

In conclusion, the indian-colonial relations were not good, despite the arguments that

there was a few french-indian alliances, there were many revolts, there was the torture of the

natives, there was tribes kidnapping settlers. There was way too much anger, hatred, and

animosity for the relations these groups shared to be considered good. A similar yet not quite the

same situation, a connection to a different time periodwould be when the british came to the
shores of some African countries and traded them guns for other african groups and tribes. Some

of the natives probably integrated with the spanish population to gain some sort of leverage. As

slavery goes on we see that if you were black and white you had a higher status, just like the

mestizos.
 Works Cited

1) Nicolet, Jean. “Account of the First Contact of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago).” ​Apex

Research Library ,​ Thirty-Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology,

1915-1916 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office), 1993,

media.apexlearning.com/shared/StaticSites/US_History/docs/NICOLET_AccountFirstCo

ntact.pdf​.

2) Morton, Thomas. “Manners and Customs of the Indians.” ​Apex Research Library,​ 1637,

media.apexlearning.com/shared/StaticSites/US_History/docs/MORTON_MannersCusto

ms.pdf.

3) Rowlandson, Mary. “Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary

Rowlandson.” ​Apex Research Library​, Project Gutenberg eBook, 2009,

http://media.apexlearning.com/shared/StaticSites/US_History/docs/ROWLANDSON_Na

rrativeCaptivity.pdf​.

4) Naranjo, Pedro. “Coexistence and Conflict in the Spanish Southwest: The Pueblo Revolt

of 1680," .” ​Apex Research Library,​ 14 Apr. 2014,

http://media.apexlearning.com/shared/StaticSites/US_History/docs/NARANJO_Coexiste

nceConflict.pdf​.

5) “The Collision of Cultures .” ​America, A Narrative History​, 11 ed., W.W Norton &

Company , 2019, pp. 22–37.