Q161- A factory has two Machines-I and II.

Machine-I produces 60% of items and Machine-II

produces 40% of the items of the total output. Further 2% of the items produced by Machine-I
are defective whereas 4% produced by Machine-II are defective. If an item is drawn at random
what is the probability that it is defective?
Answer- (d)
Solution:-

Probability of items produced by Machine 1

P(M1) = 60/100

Probability of defective items produced by Machine 1

P(D/M1) = 2/100

Probability of items produced by Machine 2

P(M2) = 40/100

Probability of defective items produced by Machine 2

P(D/M2) = 4/100

We need to find that if an item is drawn at random what is the probability that it is defective?

Randomly selected item will be defective either by machine 1 or machine 2.

P(D) = P(M1) ⋅ P(D/M1) + P(M2) ⋅ P(D/M2)

= (60/100) (2/100) + (40/100) (4/100)

= 120/10000 + 160/10000

= 280/10000

= 0.0280

Q162- There are two identical urns containing respectively 6 black and 4 red balls, 2 black and
2 red balls. An urn is chosen at random and a ball is drawn from it. Find the probability that the
ball is black.
Answer- (c)
Solution :
Total number of balls in Urn 1

= 6 black + 4 red

= 10 balls

Probability of getting black ball from Urn 1

P(B/U1) = 6/10

Total number of balls in Urn 1

= 2 black + 2 red

= 4 balls

Probability of getting black ball from Urn 2

P(B/U2) = 2/4

P(U1) = 1/2 and P(U2) = 1/2

(i) find the probability that the ball is black

P(B) = P(U1) ⋅ (P(B/U1) + P(U2) ⋅ (P(B/U2)

= (1/2) ⋅ (6/10) + (1/2) ⋅ (2/4)

= 3/10 + 1/4

= 11/20

Q163- Helen plays basketball. For free throws, she makes the shot 75% of the time. Helen must
now attempt two free throws. C= the event that Helen makes the first shot. P(C)=0.75 . D=
the event Helen makes the second shot. P(D)=0.75 . The probability that Helen makes the
second free throw given that she made the first is 0.85. What is the probability that Helen makes
both free throws?
Answer- (b)
Solution:-

P(D|C)=0.85
P(C AND D)=P(D AND C)
P(D AND C)
=P(D|C)P(C)
=(0.85)(0.75)
=0.6375
Helen makes the first and second free throws with probability 0.6375.

Q164- A school has 200 seniors of whom 140 will be going to college next year. Forty will be
going directly to work. The remainder are taking a gap year. Fifty of the seniors going to college
play sports. Thirty of the seniors going directly to work play sports. Five of the seniors taking a
gap year play sports. What is the probability that a senior is going to college and plays sports?
Answer- (a)
Solution:-

Let A= student is a senior going to college.

Let B= student plays sports.

P(B)=140/200
P(B|A)=50/140
P(A AND B)
=P(B|A)P(A)
P(A AND B)
=(140/200 )( 50/140)
=¼

Q165- A sample size is considered large in which of the following cases?

Answer- (a)
Solution:-

Generally a sample having 30 or more sample values is called a large sample. By the Central
Limit Theorem such a sample follows a Normal Distribution.