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f{kfrt

jkeo`csuhiq{kj csxk¡uohiqesjha lu~dk 1899

tUe fcgkj osQ eqtÝ+I+kQjiqj f”kys osQ
esa gqvkA ekrk&firk dk fuèku
cpiu esa gh gks tkus osQ dkj.k thou osQ vkjafHkd o"kZ
vHkkoksa&dfBukb;ksa vkSj la?k"kks± esa chrsA nloha rd dh f'k{kk
izkIr djus osQ ckn os lu~~ 1920 esa jk"Vªh; Lokèkhurk
vkanksyu ls lfØ; :i ls tqM+ x,A dbZ ckj tsy Hkh x,A
mudk nsgkolku lu~~ 1968 esa gqvkA
15 o"kZ dh voLFkk esa csuhiqjh th dh jpuk,¡ i=k&if=kdkvksa
eas Nius yxhaA os csgn izfrHkk'kkyh i=kdkj FksA mUgksaus vusd
15
nSfud] lkIrkfgd ,oa ekfld i=k&if=kdkvksa dk laiknu
fd;k] ftuesa r#.k Hkkjr] fdlku fe=k] ckyd] ;qod] 11
;ksxh] turk] tuok.kh vkSj u;h èkkjk mYys[kuh; gSaA
68 x| dh fofoèk foèkkvksa esa muosQ ys[ku dks O;kid jkeo`{k
izfr"Bk feyhA mudk iwjk lkfgR; csuhiqjh jpukoyh osQ
vkB [kaMksa esa izdkf'kr gSA mudh jpuk&;k=kk osQ egÙoiw.kZ csuhiqjh
iM+ko gSaµifrrksa osQ ns'k esa (miU;kl)_ fprk osQ iwQy
(dgkuh)_ vacikyh (ukVd)_ ekVh dh ewjrsa (js[kkfp=k)_
iSjksa esa ia[k ck¡èkdj (;k=kk&o`Ùkkar)_ ”kathjsa vkSj nhokjsa
(laLej.k) vkfnA mudh jpukvksa esa Lokèkhurk dh psruk]
euq";rk dh ¯prk vkSj bfrgkl dh ;qxkuq:i O;k[;k gSA
fof'k"V 'kSyhdkj gksus osQ dkj.k mUgsa ^dye dk tknwxj*
dgk tkrk gSA

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jkeo`{k csuhiqjh

ckyxksfcu Hkxr js[kkfp=k osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us ,d ,sls foy{k.k pfj=k dk

mn~?kkVu fd;k gS tks euq";rk] yksd laLÑfr vkSj lkewfgd psruk dk izrhd gSA
os'kHkw"kk ;k cká vuq"Bkuksa ls dksbZ laU;klh ugha gksrk] laU;kl dk vkèkkj thou osQ
ekuoh; ljksdkj gksrs gSaA ckyxksfcu Hkxr blh vkèkkj ij ys[kd dks laU;klh yxrs
gSaA ;g ikB lkekftd :f<+;ksa ij Hkh izgkj djrk gSA bl js[kkfp=k dh ,d fo'ks"krk
;g gS fd ckyxksfcu Hkxr osQ ekè;e ls xzkeh.k thou dh ltho >k¡dh ns[kus dks
feyrh gSA

69

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f{kfrt

ckyxksfcu Hkxr

ckyxksfcu Hkxr e¡>ksys dn osQ xksjs&fp^s vkneh FksA lkB ls Åij osQ gh gksaxsA cky id
x, FksA yach nk<+h ;k tVktwV rks ugha j[krs Fks] ¯drq ges'kk mudk psgjk lI+ksQn ckyksa ls
gh txex fd, jgrkA diM+s fcyoqQy de igursA dej esa ,d yaxksVh&ek=k vkSj flj
esa dchjiafFk;ksa dh&lh duiQVh VksihA tc tkM+k vkrk] ,d dkyh deyh Åij ls vks<+s
jgrsA eLrd ij ges'kk pedrk gqvk jkekuanh panu] tks ukd osQ ,d Nksj ls gh] vkSjrksa
osQ VhosQ dh rjg] 'kq: gksrkA xys esa rqylh dh tM+ksa dh ,d csMkSy ekyk ck¡èks jgrsA
Åij dh rLkohj ls ;g ugha ekuk tk, fd ckyxksfcu Hkxr lkèkq FksA ugha] fcyoqQy
x`gLFk! mudh x`fg.kh dh rks eq>s ;kn ugha] muosQ csVs vkSj irksgw dks rks eSaus ns[kk FkkA FkksM+h
[ksrhckjh Hkh Fkh] ,d vPNk lkI+kQ&lqFkjk edku Hkh FkkA
70 ¯drq] [ksrhckjh djrs] ifjokj j[krs Hkh] ckyxksfcu Hkxr lkèkq Fksµlkèkq dh lc
ifjHkk"kkvksa esa [kjs mrjusokysA dchj dks ^lkgc* ekurs Fks] mUgha osQ xhrksa dks xkrs] mUgha
osQ vkns'kksa ij pyrsA dHkh >wB ugha cksyrs] [kjk O;ogkj j[krsA fdlh ls Hkh nks&Vwd ckr
djus esa ladksp ugha djrs] u fdlh ls [kke[kkg >xM+k eksy ysrsA fdlh dh ph”k ugha
Nwrs] u fcuk iwNs O;ogkj esa ykrsA bl fu;e dks dHkh&dHkh bruh ckjhdh rd ys tkrs
fd yksxksa dks oqQrwgy gksrk!µdHkh og nwljs osQ [ksr esa 'kkSp osQ fy, Hkh ugha cSBrs! og
x`gLFk Fks_ ysfdu mudh lc ph”k ^lkgc* dh FkhA tks oqQN [ksr esa iSnk gksrk] flj ij
ykndj igys mls lkgc osQ njckj esa ys tkrsµtks muosQ ?kj ls pkj dksl nwj ij Fkkµ,d
dchjiaFkh eB ls eryc! og njckj esa ^HksaV* :i j[k fy;k tkdj ^izlkn* :i esa tks
mUgsa feyrk] mls ?kj ykrs vkSj mlh ls xq”kj pykrs!
bu lcosQ Åij] eSa rks eqXèk Fkk muosQ eèkqj xku ijµtks lnk&loZnk gh lquus dks
feyrsA dchj osQ os lhèks&lkns in] tks muosQ oaQB ls fudydj ltho gks mBrsA
vklk<+ dh fjef>e gSA lewpk xk¡o [ksrksa esa mrj iM+k gSA dgha gy py jgs gSa_ dgha
jksiuh gks jgh gSA èkku osQ ikuh&Hkjs [ksrksa esa cPps mNy jgs gSaA vkSjrsa dysok ysdj esaM+

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jkeo`{k csuhiqjh

ij cSBh gSaA vkleku ckny ls f?kjk_ èkwi dk uke ughaA BaMh iqjokbZ py jghA ,sls gh le;
vkiosQ dkuksa esa ,d Loj&rjax >adkj&lh dj mBhA ;g D;k gSµ;g dkSu gS! ;g iwNuk
u iM+sxkA ckyxksfcu Hkxr lewpk 'kjhj dhpM+ esa fyFkM+s] vius [ksr esa jksiuh dj jgs gSaA
mudh v¡xqyh ,d&,d èkku osQ ikSèks dks] iafDrc¼] [ksr esa fcBk jgh gSA mudk oaQB
,d&,d 'kCn dks laxhr osQ thus ij p<+kdj oqQN dks Åij] LoxZ dh vksj Hkst jgk gS
vkSj oqQN dks bl i`Foh dh fe^h ij [kM+s yksxksa osQ dkuksa dh vksj! cPps [ksyrs gq, >we
mBrs gSa_ esaM+ ij [kM+h vkSjrksa osQ gksaB dk¡i mBrs gSa] os xquxqukus yxrh gSa_ gyokgksa osQ
iSj rky ls mBus yxrs gSa_ jksiuh djusokyksa dh v¡xqfy;k¡ ,d vthc Øe ls pyus yxrh
gSa! ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk ;g laxhr gS ;k tknw!
Hkknks dh og va¡èksjh vèkjfr;kA vHkh] FkksM+h gh nsj igys eqlyèkkj o"kkZ [kRe gqbZ gSA
cknyksa dh xjt] fctyh dh rM+i esa vkius oqQN ugha lquk gks] ¯drq vc f>Yyh dh
>adkj ;k nknqjksa dh VjZ&VjZ ckyxksfcu Hkxr osQ laxhr dks vius dksykgy esa Mqcks ugha
ldrhaA mudh [k¡tM+h fMed&fMed ct jgh gS vkSj os xk jgs gSaµ¶xksnh esa fi;ok] ped
mBs lf[k;k] fpg¡qd mBs uk!¸ 71
gk¡] fi;k rks xksn esa gh gS] ¯drq
og le>rh gS] og vosQyh gS]
ped mBrh gS] fpgq¡d mBrh
gSA mlh Hkjs&cknyksa okys Hkknks
dh vkèkh jkr esa mudk ;g
xkuk v¡èksjs esa vdLekr dkSaèk
mBus okyh fctyh dh rjg
fdls u pkSadk nsrk\ vjs] vc
lkjk lalkj fuLrCèkrk esa lks;k
gS] ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk laxhr
tkx jgk gS] txk jgk gS!µrsjh
xBjh esa ykxk pksj] eqlkfI+kQj
tkx ”kjk!
dkfrd vk;k ugha fd
ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh izHkkfr;k¡
'kq: gqb±] tks iQkxqu rd pyk
djrhaA bu fnuksa og lcsjs gh

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f{kfrt

mBrsA u tkus fdl oDr txdj og unh&Luku dks tkrsµxk¡o ls nks ehy nwj! ogk¡ ls
ugk&èkksdj ykSVrs vkSj xk¡o osQ ckgj gh] iks[kjs osQ m¡Qps ¯HkMs ij] viuh [k¡tM+h ysdj tk
cSBrs vkSj vius xkus Vsjus yxrsA eSa 'kq: ls gh nsj rd lksusokyk gw¡] ¯drq] ,d fnu] ek?k
dh ml nk¡r fdVfdVkusokyh Hkksj esa Hkh] mudk laxhr eq>s iks[kjs ij ys x;k FkkA vHkh
vkleku osQ rkjksa osQ nhid cq>s ugha FksA gk¡] iwjc esa yksgh yx xbZ Fkh ftldh ykfyek
dks 'kqØ rkjk vkSj c<+k jgk FkkA [ksr] cxhpk] ?kjµlc ij oqQgklk Nk jgk FkkA lkjk
okrkoj.k vthc jgL; ls vko`r ekywe iM+rk FkkA ml jgL;e; okrkoj.k esa ,d oqQ'k
dh pVkbZ ij iwjc eq¡g] dkyh deyh vks<s+] ckyxksfcu Hkxr viuh [k¡tM+h fy, cSBs FksA
muosQ eq¡g ls 'kCnksa dk rk¡rk yxk Fkk] mudh v¡xqfy;k¡ [k¡tM+h ij yxkrkj py jgh FkhaA
xkrs&xkrs brus eLr gks tkrs] brus lq:j esa vkrs] mÙksftr gks mBrs fd ekywe gksrk] vc
[kM+s gks tk,¡xsA deyh rks ckj&ckj flj ls uhps ljd tkrhA eSa tkM+s ls o¡QioQ¡ik jgk Fkk]
¯drq rkjs dh Nk¡o esa Hkh muosQ eLrd osQ Je¯cnq] tc&rc] ped gh iM+rsA
xfeZ;ksa esa mudh ^la>k* fdruh melHkjh 'kke dks u 'khry djrh! vius ?kj osQ
vk¡xu esa vklu tek cSBrsA xk¡o osQ muosQ oqQN izseh Hkh tqV tkrsA [ka¡tfM+;ksa vkSj djrkyksa
dh Hkjekj gks tkrhA ,d in ckyxksfcu Hkxr dg tkrs] mudh izseh&eaMyh mls nqgjkrh]
frgjkrhA èkhjs&èkhjs Loj m¡Qpk gksus yxrkµ,d fuf'pr rky] ,d fuf'pr xfr lsA ml
rky&Loj osQ p<+ko osQ lkFk Jksrkvksa osQ eu Hkh Åij mBus yxrsA èkhjs&èkhjs eu ru ij
72
gkoh gks tkrkA gksrs&gksrs] ,d {k.k ,slk vkrk fd chp esa [k¡tM+h fy, ckyxksfcu Hkxr
ukp jgs gaS vkSj muosQ lkFk gh lcosQ ru vkSj eu u`R;'khy gks mBs gaSA lkjk vk¡xu u`R;
vkSj laxhr ls vksrizksr gS!
ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh laxhr&lkèkuk dk pje mRd"kZ ml fnu ns[kk x;k ftl fnu
mudk csVk ejkA bdykSrk csVk Fkk og! oqQN lqLr vkSj cksnk&lk Fkk] ¯drq blh dkj.k
ckyxksfcu Hkxr mls vkSj Hkh ekursA mudh le> esa ,sls vknfe;ksa ij gh ”;knk u”kj
j[kuh pkfg, ;k I;kj djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd ;s fuxjkuh vkSj eqgCcr osQ ”;knk gdnkj gksrs
gaSA cM+h lkèk ls mldh 'kknh djkbZ Fkh] irksgw cM+h gh lqHkx vkSj lq'khy feyh FkhA ?kj
dh iwjh izcafèkdk cudj Hkxr dks cgqr oqQN nqfu;knkjh ls fuo`Ùk dj fn;k Fkk mlusA
mudk csVk chekj gS] bldh [kcj j[kus dh yksxksa dks dgk¡ I+kqQjlr! ¯drq ekSr rks viuh
vksj lcdk è;ku [khapdj gh jgrh gSA geus lquk] ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk csVk ej x;kA
oqQrwgyo'k muosQ ?kj x;kA ns[kdj nax jg x;kA csVs dks vk¡xu esa ,d pVkbZ ij fyVkdj
,d lI+ksQn diM+s ls <k¡d j[kk gSA og oqQN iwQy rks ges'kk gh jksirs jgrs] mu iwQyksa esa
ls oqQN rksM+dj ml ij fc[kjk fn, gSa_ iwQy vkSj rqylhny HkhA fljgkus ,d fpjkx tyk

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jkeo`{k csuhiqjh

j[kk gSA vkSj] mlosQ lkeus ”kehu ij gh vklu tek, xhr xk, pys tk jgs gSa! ogh iqjkuk
Loj] ogh iqjkuh rYyhurkA ?kj esa irksgw jks jgh gS ftls xk¡o dh fL=k;k¡ pqi djkus dh
dksf'k'k dj jgh gSaA ¯drq] ckyxksfcu Hkxr xk, tk jgs gSa! gk¡] xkrs&xkrs dHkh&dHkh irksgw
osQ u”knhd Hkh tkrs vkSj mls jksus osQ cnys mRlo eukus dks dgrsA vkRek ijekRek osQ
ikl pyh xbZ] fojfguh vius izseh ls tk feyh] Hkyk blls c<+dj vkuan dh dkSu ckr\
eSa dHkh&dHkh lksprk] ;g ikxy rks ugha gks x,A ¯drq ugha] og tks oqQN dg jgs Fks mlesa
mudk fo'okl cksy jgk Fkkµog pje fo'okl tks ges'kk gh e`R;q ij fot;h gksrk
vk;k gSA
csVs osQ fØ;k&deZ esa rwy ugha fd;k_ irksgw ls gh vkx fnykbZ mldhA ¯drq T;ksagh
Jk¼ dh vofèk iwjh gks xbZ] irksgw osQ HkkbZ dks cqykdj mlosQ lkFk dj fn;k] ;g vkns'k
nsrs gq, fd bldh nwljh 'kknh dj nsukA bèkj irksgw jks&jksdj dgrhµeSa pyh tkm¡Qxh rks
cq<+kis esa dkSu vkiosQ fy, Hkkstu cuk,xk] chekj iM+s] rks dkSu ,d pqYyw ikuh Hkh nsxk\
eSa iSj iM+rh gw¡] eq>s vius pj.kksa ls vyx ugha dhft,! ysfdu Hkxr dk fu.kZ; vVy
FkkA rw tk] ugha rks eSa gh bl ?kj dks NksM+dj py nw¡xkµ;g Fkh mudh vkf[kjh nyhy vkSj 73
bl nyhy osQ vkxs cspkjh dh D;k pyrh\
ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh ekSr mUgha osQ vuq:i gqbZA og gj o"kZ xaxk&Luku djus tkrsA
Luku ij mruh vkLFkk ugha j[krs] ftruk lar&lekxe vkSj yksd&n'kZu ijA iSny gh tkrsA
djhc rhl dksl ij xaxk FkhA lkèkq dks lacy ysus dk D;k gd\ vkSj] x`gLFk fdlh ls
fHk{kk D;ksa e¡kxs\ vr%] ?kj ls [kkdj pyrs] rks fiQj ?kj ij gh ykSVdj [kkrsA jkLrs Hkj
[k¡tM+h ctkrs] xkrs tgk¡ I;kl yxrh] ikuh ih yssrsA pkj&ik¡p fnu vkus&tkus esa yxrs_
¯drq bl yacs miokl esa Hkh ogh eLrh! vc cq<+kik vk x;k Fkk] ¯drq Vsd ogh
tokuhokyhA bl ckj ykSVs rks rch;r oqQN lqLr FkhA [kkus&ihus osQ ckn Hkh rch;r ugha
lqèkjh] FkksM+k cq[kkj vkus yxkA ¯drq use&ozr rks NksM+usokys ugha FksA ogh nksuksa twu xhr]
Lukuè;ku] [ksrhckjh ns[kukA fnu&fnu Nhtus yxsA yksxksa us ugkus&èkksus ls euk fd;k] vkjke
djus dks dgkA ¯drq] g¡ldj Vky nsrs jgsA ml fnu Hkh laè;k esa xhr xk,] ¯drq ekywe
gksrk tSls rkxk VwV x;k gks] ekyk dk ,d&,d nkuk fc[kjk gqvkA Hkksj esa yksxksa us xhr ugha
lquk] tkdj ns[kk rks ckyxksfcu Hkxr ugha jgs flI+kZQ mudk iatj iM+k gS!

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f{kfrt

iz'u&vH;kl
1- [ksrhckjh ls tqM+s x`gLFk ckyxksfcu Hkxr viuh fdu pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k lkèkq dgykrs Fks\
2- Hkxr dh iq=koèkw mUgsa vosQys D;ksa ugha NksM+uk pkgrh Fkh\
3- Hkxr us vius csVs dh e`R;q ij viuh Hkkouk,¡ fdl rjg O;Dr dha\
4- Hkxr osQ O;fDrRo vkSj mudh os'kHkw"kk dk vius 'kCnksa esa fp=k izLrqr dhft,A
5- ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh fnup;kZ yksxksa osQ vpjt dk dkj.k D;ksa Fkh\
6- ikB osQ vk/kj ij ckyxksfcu Hkxr osQ eèkqj xk;u dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A
7- oqQN ekfeZd izlaxksa osQ vkèkkj ij ;g fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd ckyxksfcu Hkxr izpfyr lkekftd ekU;rkvksa
dks ugha ekurs FksA ikB osQ vkèkkj ij mu izlaxksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
8- èkku dh jksikbZ osQ le; lewps ekgkSy dks Hkxr dh Loj ygfj;k¡ fdl rjg peRo`Qr dj nsrh Fkha\ ml
ekgkSy dk 'kCn&fp=k izLrqr dhft,A

jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr

74 9- ikB osQ vkèkkj ij crk,¡ fd ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh dchj ij J¼k fdu&fdu :iksa esa izdV gqbZ gS\
10- vkidh n`f"V esa Hkxr dh dchj ij vxkèk J¼k osQ D;k dkj.k jgs gksaxs\
11- xk¡o dk lkekftd&lkaLo`Qfrd ifjos'k vk"kk<+ p<+rs gh mYYkkl ls D;ksa Hkj tkrk gS\
12- ¶mQij dh rLkohj ls ;g ugha ekuk tk, fd ckyxksfcu Hkxr lkèkq FksA¸ D;k ^lkèkq* dh igpku igukos
osQ vkèkkj ij dh tkuh pkfg,\ vki fdu vkèkkjksa ij ;g lqfuf'pr djsxa s fd veqd O;fDr ^lkèkq* gS\
13- eksg vkSj izse esa varj gksrk gSA Hkxr osQ thou dh fdl ?kVuk osQ vkèkkj ij bl dFku dk lp fl¼
djsxa \s

Hkk"kk&vè;;u
14- bl ikB esa vk, dksbZ nl fØ;kfo'ks"k.k Nk¡Vdj fyf[k, vkSj muosQ Hksn Hkh crkb,A

ikBsrj lfozQ;rk
Ÿ ikB esa ½rqvksa osQ cgqr gh laqnj 'kCn&fp=k mosQjs x, gSaA cnyrs gq, ekSle dks n'kkZrs gq,
fp=k@I+kQksVks dk laxzg dj ,d vyce rS;kj dhft,A

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jkeo`{k csuhiqjh

Ÿ ikB esa vk"kk<+] Hkknks] ek?k vkfn esa foozQe laor dySaMj osQ eklksa osQ uke vk, gSaA ;g dySaMj
fdl ekg ls vkjaHk gksrk gS\ eghuksa dh lwph rS;kj dhft,A
Ÿ dkfrZd osQ vkrs gh Hkxr ^izHkkrh* xk;k djrs FksA izHkkrh izkr%dky xk, tkus okys xhrksa dks dgrs
gSaA izHkkrh xk;u dk ladyu dhft, vkSj mloQh laxhre; izLrqfr dhft,A
Ÿ bl ikB esa tks xzkE; laLo`Qfr dh >yd feyrh gS og vkiosQ vklikl osQ okrkoj.k ls oSQls
fHkUu gS\

'kCn&laink
e¡>ksyk & u cgqr cM+k u cgqr NksVk
deyh & oaQcy
irksgw & iq=koèkw @ iq=k dh L=kh
jksiuh & èkku dh jksikbZ
dysok & losjs dk tyiku
75
iqjokbZ & iwjc dh vksj ls cgus okyh gok
vèkjfr;k & vkèkh jkr
[k¡tM+h & <iQyh osQ <ax dk ijarq vkdkj esa mlls NksVk ,d ok| ;a=k
fuLrCèkrk & lUukVk
yksgh & izkr%dky dh ykfyek
oqQgklk & dksgjk
vko`r & <dk gqvk] vkPNkfnr
oqQ'k & ,d izdkj dh uqdhyh ?kkl
cksnk & de cqf¼ okyk
lacy & lgkjk

;g Hkh tkusa
izHkkfr;k¡ eq[; :i ls cPpksa dks txkus osQ fy, xkbZ tkrh gSaA izHkkrh esa lw;ksZn; ls oqQN le; iwoZ
ls ysdj oqQN le; ckn rd dk o.kZu gksrk gSA izHkkfr;ksa dk Hkko{ks=k O;kid vkSj ;FkkFkZ osQ vfèkd
fudV gksrk gSA izHkkfr;ksa ;k tkxj.k xhrksa esa osQoy lqdksey Hkkouk,¡ gh ugha oju~ ohjrk] lkgl vkSj
mRlkg dh ckrsa Hkh dgh tkrh gSaA oqQN dfo;ksa us izHkkfr;ksa esa jk"Vªh; psruk vkSj fodkl dh Hkkouk
dks fijksus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA

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f{kfrt

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2020-21