DISCUSSION

TASK 2

In task 2 of this experiment, MATLAB software has been used as platform to perform simulation of
Open Circuit Test and Short Circuit Test. The main purpose of this task is to compare the result that
obtain from the demonstration lab that given. In MATLAB, student used Simulink as to run the
schematic that given in lab manual and Command Window to plot the graph for both tests.
For Open Circuit Test, the main purpose is to obtain the armature voltage,Va by varying the field
current,If. File “SimulationPartAandPartB2018” has been upload to the Simulink. This file only valid
for MATLAB R2018 and above. First of all, initial value has set equals to 1 for all three breakers as
required in instruction. After that, on the synchrounous machine part, the Rotor type has set to Salient-
pole and Preset Model set with 01: 50Hz 400kV 8.1KVA 1500rpm. The following value for preset
model was followed rated condition of synchrounous machine from lab demonstration. Then, DC
motor has selected to set the amplitude to produce speed of DC motor equals to 3000rpm. The
amplitude has set to 496.4V to obtain 3000rpm. Field voltage, Vf has been adjusted to get desired
value of field current, If. From observation, the If value would follow the Vf value, (If=Vf). By
varying the Vf value from 1-6, armature voltage, Va is obtained as the result for OCC tests.
For Short Circuit Test, the main purpose of this test is to obtain the armature current, Ia by varying
field current, If. Schematic diagram for Short Circuit Test is same as Open Circuit Test for the
Simulink. Firstly, initial value for three breakers has set to 0. For the synchrounous machine and DC
motor part, it follows as the OCC test. By varying the field current, If up to 1 until 5, armature current,
Ia has obtained as the result of this test. Both OCC and SCC test results has been recorded as in the
table.
Furthermore, Command Window used as plotting graph from the result that obtained in Simulink. For
OCC test, field current, If has declared as “x”, and the value of If has filled on the same line. For
example, the command wrote as “x = [1 2 3 4 5 6];”. Next, for armature voltage, Va has declared as
“y”, and filled the value same as If. After that, command “plot(x,y) ;” is to give instruction to the
software to plotting graph based on “x” and “y” information. Lastly, command “xlabel(‘If’);” is to
label the x axis on the graph. The step is same on the SCC test.
TASK 1

For OCC test, armature voltage, Va obtained as the result by varying the excitation current, If from
1A up to 6A. Before reading was taken, the speed of prime mover had to set up to maintain the speed
as the synchrounous speed at 1500rpm. The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the relationship
between field current and induced voltage at constant speed. Based on the graph plotted, it can relate
that the OCC exhibits the saturation phenomenon of the iron in machine. At low values of If when
iron is in the unsaturated state, the OCC is almost linear and the MMF applied is mainly consumed in
establishing flux in the air-gap, the reluctance of the iron path being almost negligible.
For SCC test, it has used star-connection whereby the voltage supply is 400V. The goal of this test is
to obtain the armature current, Ia by varying the excitation current, If. If would set from 1A up to 5A
where 5A has reached the limit of rated value of armature current, Ia. The speed of prime mover have
to maintain on its speed 1500rpm. From the graph plotted, it can assume that armature current, Ia
increasing linearly with the excitation current, If. When short circuited, the armature reaction were
prevent the machine from saturating.
For reactive power characteristic test, it used DC supply stabilizer instead of DC supply to avoid
ripple because the prime mover has adding the resistor bank to give load to the motor. The output of
this test is armature current, Ia and power factor, by varying the excitation current, If from 1A up to
8A. Based in the result obtain, it can observe that power factor in lagging from 1A-5A of If and turn
to unity at excitation current at 6A. The unity means the energy that supplied consumed by the load
and no reactive power exist in that condition. When excitation current at 7A and 8A, the power factor
in leading condition where the load current is leading to the supply voltage.
for part D, there was the synchronized operation where the operation was to match the supply and the
generator by using synchronization panel. Supply and generator must be matched in term of phase
sequences, frequency and voltage magnitude. Synchronization is important between the supply and
receiver to make connection. If both not synchronized, the power would not deliver at all. In this part,
by using synchronous speed 1500rpm, the supply has connect to generator through synchronization
panel to match both of them perfectly.