გოგახატიაშვილი - სახელმძღვანელო ქალთა და ბავშვთა მიმართ ძალადობისა და ოჯახში ძალადობის საკითხებზე

goga xatiaSvili
goga xatiaSvili
ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis sakiTxebze

saxelmZRvanelo qalTa da bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobisa da
saxelmZRvanelo
qalTa da bavSvTa
mimarT Zaladobisa
da ojaxSi Zaladobis
winaaRmdeg brZolis
sakiTxebze
ISBN 978-9941-8-3351-9
9 7 8 9 9 41 8 3 3 5 1 9
goga xatiaSvili
saxelmZRvanelo
qalTa da bavSvTa mimarT
Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis
winaaRmdeg brZolis sakiTxebze
kanonis ganmartebebi da praqtikuli sakiTxebi

(2021 wlis 31 maisis mdgomareobiT)
Tbilisi
2021
saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba SesaZlebeli gaxda ameri-
keli xalxis guluxvi daxmarebis wyalobiT, romelic
aSS-s saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID)
meSveobiT iqna gaweuli. saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarsze
pasuxismgebeli arian misi avtorebi da is SeiZleba ar
asaxavdes aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institu-
tis, USAID an aSS-is mTavrobis Sexedulebebs.
ISBN 978-9941-8-3351-9
Sinaarsi
Sesavali ................................................................................................... 7
Tavi I. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis arsi da
fenomeni ............................................................................................ 10
1. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis zogadi mimoxilva ....... 10
2. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis cneba da
maxasiaTeblebi ....................................................................... 13
3. Zaladobis xelSemwyobi mizezebi da risk-
faqtorebi ............................................................................... 18
4. ojaxis wevris cneba .............................................................. 25
5. Zaladobis formebi da elementebi .................................. 31
6. Zaladobis fazebi da dinamika ........................................... 37
Tavi II. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobisgan
dacvis samarTlebrivi instrumentebi ........................... 39
1. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg
brZolis sisxlissamarTlebrivi meqanizmebi................ 39
1.1 ojaxSi Zaladoba............................................................... 41
1.2 ojaxuri danaSauli ......................................................... 53
1.3 femicidi – genderis niSniT Cadenili qalis
mkvleloba .......................................................................... 55
1.4 gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
Taviseburebebi ................................................................. 57
brZolis administraciul-samarTlebrivi
meqanizmebi .............................................................................. 64
2.1 Semakavebeli orderis daniSnuleba da misi
gamocemis wesi ................................................................... 71
2.1.1 Semakavebeli orderis gamocema riskebis Sefasebis
safuZvelze (riskebis Sefasebis instrumenti da misi
gamoyenebis meTodologia) ................................................ 85
3
2.1.2 riskebis Sefaseba da Semakavebeli orderis gamocema
gamoZiebis dawyebis an mimdinareobisas ........................ 91
2.1.3 riskebis Sefaseba da Semakavebeli orderis gamocema
moZaladis mier penitenciuri dawesebulebis
datovebisas ............................................................................ 96
2.2 M moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli
zedamxedvelobis daweseba ............................................ 98
2.2.1 moZaladisa da msxverplis valdebulebebi da
pasuxismgebloba ................................................................. 110
2.2.2 geografiuli zonebi ......................................................... 112
2.2.3 eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis SeCereba, Sewyveta da
misi vadamde gauqmeba......................................................... 114
2.3 damcavi orderis daniSnuleba da misi gamocemis
wesi ..................................................................................... 116
2.4 damcavi da Semakavebeli orderis gamocema da
moqmedeba msxverplisa da moZaladis Serigebis
dros ................................................................................... 124
2.5 Semakavebeli, damcavi da iaraRTan dakavSirebuli
uflebebis SezRudvis orderis monitoringi ....... 125
2.5.1 Semakavebeli orderis monitoringi ............................. 130
2.5.2 damcavi orderis monitoringi ....................................... 130
2.5.3 iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis SezRudvis
orderis monitoringi ....................................................... 131
2.5.4 Semakavebeli da damcavi orderis monitoringisas
gasaTvaliswinebeli sxva garemoebebi ......................... 131
2.6 Semakavebeli da damcavi orderis darRvevisaTvis
gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba ........................ 134
brZolis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi ..... 136
Tavi III. ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpl bavSvTa
gamovlenis, dacvisa da daxmarebis meqanizmebi ..... 138
1. bavSvTa mimarT ojaxSi Zaladobis formebi ................ 139
2. bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis)
sistema da procedurebi ................................................... 149
3. bavSvis ojaxidan gamoyvanisa da mSoblisgan/sxva
pasuxismgebeli pirisgan gancalkevebis
safuZvlebi............................................................................ 161
4
Tavi IV. seqsualuri Seviwroeba da misgan dacvis
samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi ................................................ 172
1. seqsualuri Seviwroeba sajaro sivrceSi .................... 175
2. seqsualuri Seviwroeba samuSao/dasaqmebis
adgilas .................................................................................. 188
Tavi V. specialistebis mier Zaladobis faqtis
Setyobinebis wesi da Zaladobis
msxverplebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli servisebi . 209
1. specialistebis mier Zaladobis faqtis Taobaze
Sesabamisi organoebis informirebis wesi ................... 209
2. savaraudo msxverplisaTvis statusis miniWebis
safuZvlebi da procedurebi ........................................... 213
3. Zaladobis msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebuleba
– TavSesafari da krizisuli centri ............................. 219
Tavi VI. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis
sferoSi arsebuli saerTaSoriso da regionuli
instrumentebi ............................................................................. 231
brZolis ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso da regionuli
aqtebi _ zogadi mimoxilva ............................................. 231
2. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos
precedentuli saqmeebi ..................................................... 249
5
6
Sesavali
ojaxSi Zaladoba kvlav rCeba erT-erT mniSvnelovan ga-

mowvevad rogorc msofliosaTvis, ise saqarTvelosTvis. mi-
uxedavad imisa, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpli SeiZleba
gaxdes nebismieri adamiani (ojaxis wevri), igi yvelaze did
safrTxes warmoadgens qalebisa da bavSvebisaTvis. swored
amitom, saxelmZRvaneloSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia qal-
Ta mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpl bav-
SvTa sakiTxebze.
sazogadoebis nawili ojaxSi Zaladobas kvlav aRiqvams
„pirad saqmed“ da erideba masSi Carevas, rac kidev ufro ar-
Tulebs mis gamovlenas. dausjeloba ki moZalades aZlie-
rebs da met gambedaobas matebs.
ojaxSi Zaladobis Sedegad gamowveuli xangrZlivi nega-
tiuri Sedegebi uaryofiTad aisaxeba ara marto konkretu-
li adamianebis keTildReobaze, aramed civilizebuli da
jansaRi sazogadoebis formirebis procesze.
bolo wlebSi qveyanaSi ganxorcielebulma mniSvnelovan-
ma sakanonmdeblo Tu instituciurma cvlilebebma gaaum-
jobesa Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis meTodebi, maT So-
ris, amgvar danaSaulebze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis,
msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis meqanizmebi. aseve, 2017
wels saqarTvelom moaxdina „qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da
ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb“ evropis
sabWos konvenciis (stambolis konvencia) ratificireba da
miiRo zomebi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis
konvenciasTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT. amdenad, moq-
medi kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs qalTa da bavSvTa mimarT
Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis mniS-
vnelovan instrumentebs.
yovelwliurad izrdeba ojaxSi Zaladobis gamovlenis
dinamika, razec metyvelebs msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmare-
bis meqanizmebis gamoyenebis sixSire. mag., 2017 wels ojaxSi
Zaladobis faqtze gamoica 4370 Semakavebeli orderi, 2018
wels – 7 646, 2019 wels – 10 266, xolo 2020 wels – 10 321 or-
7
deri. 1 rac Seexeba moZaladeTa sisxlissamarTlebriv pasu-
xismgeblobas, 2018 wels, 2017 welTan SedarebiT, ojaxur
danaSaulze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis maCvene-
beli 99%-iT aris gazrdili, xolo 2019 wels, 2018 welTan
SedarebiT, gazrdilia 15,8%-iT. 2020 wels, 2019 welTan Se-
darebiT, monacemebi mniSvnelovnad ar Secvlila. 2 zemox-
senebuli monacemebi miuTiTebs, rom 2020 wels, 2019 welTan
SedarebiT, ojaxSi Zaladobisa da ojaxuri danaSaulis ga-
movlenis dinamika arsebiTad ar Secvlila. SesaZloa, aRniS-
nuli gamoiwvia iman, rom pandemiis pirobebSi gansakuTre-
biT damZimda ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa mdgomareoba,
romlebic moZaladeebTan erT sivrceSi pirispir aRmoC-
dnen. Sedegad, gaizarda ojaxSi Zaladobis riskebi, Tumca
Semcirda aRniSnul SemTxvevaTa gamovlenis SesaZlebloba. 3
miRweuli progresis miuxedavad, kvlav gamowvevad rCeba
Zaladobis prevencia, problemisadmi yovlismomcveli mid-
gomis, msxverplTa mxardaWerisa Tu maTi usafrTxoebis
dacvis grZelvadiani xedvis nakleboba, rac saxelmwifos
mxridan ufro met Zalisxmevasa da kompleqsuri midgomis
ganxorcielebas saWiroebs. kerZod, mniSvnelovania, erTi
mxriv, qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevebis ga-
movlena da Sesabamisi reagireba, meore mxriv, msxverplTa
reabilitacia da grZelvadiani mxardaWera, maT Soris, eko-
nomikuri gaZliereba, rac, saboloo jamSi, cnobierebis
amaRlebisa da moZaladeTa qcevis koreqciisaken mimarTul
RonisZiebebTan erTad, mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels Zala-
dobis prevencias.
mocemuli sakiTxis saTanadod gasaazreblad mniSvnelo-
vania yvela im aspeqtis codna, romlebic erTianobaSi qmnis
qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis ro-
gorc sakanonmdeblo, ise praqtikul CarCos da iTvaliswi-
1 ix. https://bit.ly/2OzMHdb [17.03.2021].

2 generaluri prokuroris angariSi, 2020, 36, ix. https://bit.ly/2Mf4hln
[29.01.2021].
3
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis
uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 2020, 200,
ix. https://bit.ly/2PJeKH8 [01.04.2021].
8
nebs msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis sxvadasxva SesaZleb-
lobas.
qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis
maregulirebeli calkeuli normebi gabneulia/asaxulia
sxvadasxva sakanonmdeblo Tu kanonqvemdebare aqtSi, ris ga-
moc xSirad erTdroulad ramdenime dokumentis naxva da
damuSavebaa saWiro, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes konkretuli
problemis srulyofili Sefaseba da gadaWra. amitom, mniS-
vnelovania arsebuli kanonmdeblobisa da misi ganmartebe-
bis erTad Tavmoyra, rac ufro srulyofilad, yovlismom-
cvelad da kompleqsurad warmoaCens gansaxilvel sakiT-
xebs.
winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi Tavmoyrilia qalTa mi-
marT da ojaxSi Zaladobis, maT Soris, ojaxSi Zaladobis
msxverpl bavSvTa dacvis sferoSi arsebuli kanonmdeblo-
bis ganmartebebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs bolo periodSi
sxvadasxva kanonSi ganxorcielebul cvlilebebs. aseve,
calkeuli institutebis daxasiaTebisas moyvanilia Sesaba-
misi magaliTebi da sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi, rac ki-
dev ufro naTelsa da gasagebs xdis maT Sinaarss, xolo sa-
xelmZRvanelos met praqtikul daniSnulebas matebs.
saxelmZRvanelo ZiriTadad gankuTvnilia samarTlis,
socialuri da humanitaruli mecnierebis fakultetis stu-
dentebisTvis, Tumca igi mniSvnelovan daxmarebas gauwevs
qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave
praqtikosebsa da am TemiT dainteresebul nebismier pirs.
bunebrivia, naSroms ar aqvs TiToeuli sakiTxis srulyo-
filad da yovlismomcvelad ganmartebis pretenzia. igi
warmoadgens mcdelobas, moicvas rogorc sakanonmdeblo,
ise praqtikuli sakiTxebi da daexmaros students, aiTvisos
qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobisa da masTan momijnave
specializaciis Semswavleli sagnebi, xolo, zogadad, mkiT-
xvels warmodgena Seuqmnas aRniSnul sferoSi arsebul
mdgomareobaze.
9
Tavi I. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis arsi
da fenomeni
1. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis zogadi mimoxilva
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi

ganxorcielda qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis sakanon-
mdeblo CarCos gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT. kanonmdeb-
lobis miReba da masSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis ganxor-
cieleba SesaZlebelia sam etapad daiyos:
I – 2006 wels miRebul iqna specialuri kanoni „ojaxSi Za-
ladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa
da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“. aRniSnuli kanoniT Seiqmna samar-
Tlebrivi sivrce ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da
daxmarebis TvalsazrisiT, maT Soris, SemoRebul iqna dam-
cavi da Semakavebeli orderis instituti, xolo aRniSnuli
miznebis efeqturad Sesruleba daevala calkeul saxelmwi-
fo uwyebebs. gansakuTrebuli roli msxverplTa dacvaSi mi-
eniWa policias 4;
II – 2012 wels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi ganisazRvra
ojaxSi Zaladobisa da ojaxuri danaSaulis cneba, maT So-
ris, Seiqmna ojaxSi Zaladobis specialuri Semadgenloba;
III – 2014 wlis 19 ivniss saqarTvelom xeli moawera „qalTa
mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciisa da aR-
kveTis Sesaxeb“ evropis sabWos konvencias (stambolis kon-
vencia), xolo 2017 wlis 5 aprils moaxdina amave konvenciis
ratificireba, romelic amave wlis pirvel seqtembers Sevi-
da ZalaSi. erovnuli kanonmdeblobis stambolis konvenci-
asTan harmonizaciis mizniT, ganxorcielda Sesabamisi
cvlilebebi qveynis 25-mde sakanonmdeblo aqtSi. aRniSnuli
cvlilebebi ZiriTadad Seexo Semdeg sakiTxebs:
4 ganmartebiTi baraTi „ojaxuri Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis

msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis pro-
eqtis Taobaze, ix. https://bit.ly/2Lww4gs [05.01.2021].
10
 Seicvala „ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zala-
dobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ sa-
qarTvelos kanonis saxelwodeba, gafarTovda misi
moqmedebis sfero da daemata qalTa mimarT Zalado-
bis komponenti;
 msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis meqanizmebis (maT
Soris, Semakavebeli da damcavi orderebis) gamoyene-
ba SesaZlebeli gaxda ara marto ojaxSi Zaladobisas,
aramed araojaxiswevris mier qalis mimarT genderu-
li diskriminaciis niSniT Cadenili Zaladobis Sem-
TxvevaSic;
 policiis mier Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis Sem-
deg aRar arsebobs misi sasamarTlosTvis wardgenis
valdebuleba. Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis kano-
nierebasa da safuZvlianobas sasamarTlo amowmebs
mxolod misi gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi;
 sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi ganxorcielebuli
cvlilebebis Sedegad, dasjad qmedebad gamocxadda
adevneba, sterilizacia Tanxmobis gareSe da qalis
sasqeso organoebis dasaxiCreba. aseve, gadaixeda sqe-
sobrivi Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis winaaR-
mdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebis definiciebi, Tumca
srulad ar momxdara am normebis SesabamisobaSi moy-
vana stambolis konvenciis standartebTan;
 gafarTovda im pirTa wre, romlebsac SeuZliaT, sa-
marTaldamcvelebs miawodon informacia Zaladobis
faqtebis Sesaxeb. im pirebis mimarT, romlebsac pro-
fesiuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas konfidencia-
lurobis dacvis valdebuleba akisriaT (mag., eqimebi,
advokatebi da a.S.), ganisazRvra sagamonakliso Sem-
Txveva, rodesac profesiuli valdebuleba da eTika
ar uzRudavT uflebas, Sesabamis organoebs miawodon
informacia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Za-
11
ladobis Taobaze, Tu arsebobs misi ganmeorebis sa-
SiSroeba. 5
aRniSnulis garda, miRebul iqna mniSvnelovani sakanon-
mdeblo aqtebi diskriminaciis aRmofxvrisa da genderuli
Tanasworobis miRwevis garantiebis Sesaqmnelad. es ganxor-
cielda 2010 wels „genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb“ saqar-
Tvelos kanonisa da 2014 wels „diskriminaciis yvela for-
mis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis miRebiT.
zemoaRniSnul sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi sxvadasxva dros
Sevida mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi, romelTa mizani qalTa
mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtia-
nobis gazrda iyo. amdenad, zemoxsenebuli kanonmdebloba
gansazRvravs qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis sxvadasxva
formas da iTvaliswinebs Zaladobaze reagirebis mniSvne-
lovan meqanizmebs.
2017 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebiT Seiqmna
genderuli Tanasworobis, qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da
ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave uwyebaTaSorisi ko-
misia, romlis SemadgenlobaSic Sedian saxelmwifo uwyebe-
bis warmomadgenlebi, aseve saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT mona-
wileobas iReben saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis, ssip iu-
ridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris, saqarTvelos parlamentis
genderuli Tanasworobis sabWos, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sa-
samarTlos warmomadgenlebi da afxazeTis avtonomiuri
respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare.
komisiis amocanaa genderuli Tanasworobis, qalTa mi-
marT da ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze Sesabamis uwyebebs
Soris koordinirebuli muSaobis xelSewyoba, Sesabamisi sa-
moqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba, saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier
genderuli Tanasworobis, qalTa uflebebis, qalTa mimarT
Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis sferoSi nakisri saerTa-
Soriso valdebulebebis ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba da a.S.
5 detaluri informacia SegiZliaT ix. https://bit.ly/3a4m8Vt [05.01.2021].
12
2. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis cneba da maxasi-
aTeblebi
ojaxSi Zaladoba erT-erTi yvelaze seriozuli da gav-

rcelebuli Zaladobaa, romelic sazogadoebis yvela fenas
moicavs. mas aqvs gangrZobadi da faruli xasiaTi, rac ganpi-
robebulia imiT, rom igi xdeba erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul
pirebs – ojaxis wevrebs – Soris.
„qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkve-
Tis, Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“
saqarTvelos kanonis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, ojaxSi Zalado-
ba gulisxmobs ojaxis erTi wevris mier meoris konstituci-
uri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevas ugulebel-
yofiT an/da fizikuri, fsiqologiuri, ekonomikuri, seqsu-
aluri ZaladobiT an iZulebiT. kanonis aRniSnuli ganmar-
teba, romelic miuTiTebs konstituciuri uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis darRvevaze, sworad ar gansazRvravs ojax-
Si Zaladobis cnebas, vinaidan konstituciuri da, zogadad,
adamianis uflebebis darRveva maSin xdeba, rodesac saxel-
mwifo ar uzrunvelyofs maTi darRvevis prevencias, saWi-
roebis SemTxvevaSi, saTanado gamoZiebasa da dasjas, xolo
msxverplisTvis Sesabamisi reparaciebis mikuTvnebas. ker-
Zod, saxelmwifos aqvs pozitiuri valdebuleba, daicvas
adamianis uflebebi mesame pirTa mxridan darRvevisagan da
Tu igi valdebulebas saTanadod ver asrulebs, am dros sa-
xelmwifo gvevlineba konstituciuri uflebebis damrRvev
subieqtad. amdenad, adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa
da Tavisuflebebis darRvevis subieqti da ZiriTadi pasu-
xismgebeli piri SeiZleba iyos mxolod saxelmwifo da ara
kerZo piri, maT Soris, moZalade.
zemoxsenebuli kanonis 31 muxli aseve gansazRvravs qal-
Ta mimarT Zaladobis cnebas, rac gulisxmobs sazogadoeb-
riv Tu pirad cxovrebaSi qalebis mimarT genderuli niSniT
Cadenili ZaladobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel yvela qmedebas,
romelTac Sedegad mohyveba an SeiZleba mohyves qalebis-
Tvis fizikuri, fsiqologiuri an seqsualuri tanjvis an
13
ekonomikuri zianis miyeneba, maT Soris, aseTi qmedebebis Ca-
denis muqara, qalebis iZuleba an maTTvis Tavisuflebis
TviTneburi aRkveTa. amave kanonis miznebisTvis qalad miiC-
neva 18 wels miuRweveli mdedrobiTi sqesis arasrulwlova-
nic.
mocemuli ganmartebis ZiriTadi suliskveTeba efuZneba
qalis mimarT genderuli niSniT diskriminacias, romlis
dadgenasac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs rogorc ga-
moZiebis mimdinareobisas, ise administraciuli meqanizme-
bis gamoyenebis procesSi (mag., Semakavebeli da damcavi or-
deris gamocemisas). aRniSnuli motivis dadgena, erTi mxriv,
warmoadgens damnaSavis pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel ga-
remoebas da, meore mxriv, aris aucilebeli elementi Semaka-
vebeli an damcavi orderis gamocemis Taobaze gadawyveti-
lebis miRebisas.
stambolis konvenciis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, „qalTa mi-
marT Zaladoba genderuli niSniT“ gulisxmobs qalis wina-
aRmdeg mimarTul Zaladobas imis gamo, rom is qalia an ro-
melic araTanazomierad uaryofiT zemoqmedebas axdens qa-
lebze. amave muxlis mixedviT, sityva „genderuli“ gulis-
xmobs socialurad dakavSirebul rolebs, qcevas, saqmiano-
basa da maxasiaTeblebs, romlebsac mocemuli sazogadoeba
qalisa da mamakacisTvis Sesaferisad miiCnevs.
„genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis
me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, genderi niSnavs sqesTa Soris urTier-
Tobis socialur aspeqts, romelic gamoxatulia sazogado-
ebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi da gulisxmobs socializa-
ciiT ganpirobebul Sexedulebebs ama Tu im sqesze. amave
muxlis Tanaxmad, genderuli Tanasworoba aris adamianis
uflebaTa nawili, romelic gulisxmobs qalisa da mamakacis
Tanaswor ufleba-movaleobebs, pasuxismgeblobas da Tanas-
woruflebianobas piradi Tu sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
yvela sferoSi.
14
genderuli niSniT motivirebuli Zaladoba aixsneba mesa-
kuTruli da stereotipuli ganwyobebiT. 6 imis dasadgenad,
moZaladem qmedeba genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT Cai-
dina Tu ara, unda gairkves, es qmedeba ganpirobebuli iyo
Tu ara genderuli stereotipebis gavleniT. genderuli
stereotipia qalisa da mamakacis msgavsi qcevis radikalu-
rad gansxvavebuli Sefaseba, anu qalebisa da kacebisaTvis
gansxvavebuli qcevis standartebis daweseba da qalis qce-
vis, mamakacis qcevasTan SedarebiT, araTanazomieri gakic-
xva. stereotipuli Sexdulebebi ZiriTadad gamoixateba am-
gvar SefasebebSi: ganqorwinebis Semdeg qals moeTxoveba da-
kavdes mxolod bavSvebis movliTa da aRzrdiT, ganqorwine-
bul qals ar aqvs piradi cxovrebis Tavisuflad warmarTvis
ufleba, aseve genderuli stereotipebis gavleniT, mamaka-
ci, romelic materialurad uzrunvelyofs meuRles, mas mi-
iCevs sakuTrebad, rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom qals ufleba
ar aqvs, meuRlis nebarTvis an Tanxmobis gareSe gavides sax-
lidan, kontaqti daamyaros axlo naTesavebTan da megobreb-
Tan, miiRos ganaTleba, daiwyos muSaoba da a.S., anu rodesac
qals warTmeuli aqvs ufleba Tavad miiRos gadawyvetileba
sakiTxebze, romlebic mis pirad cxovrebas ganekuTvneba. 7
qalis mimarT genderuli niSniT Zaladobas, zemoaRniSnuli
stereotipuli Sexedulebebis safuZvelze, urTierTobis
formis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZloa adgili hqondes ro-
gorc ojaxSi, ise ojaxis miRma – sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.
amdenad, qalTa mimarT Zaladobis yvela faqtze unda
dadgindes, Zaladobis motivi xom ar iyo qalis gaaqtiure-
buli roli an tradiciebis sawinaaRmdego qcevisadmi moZa-
ladis agresiuli damokidebuleba. motivis gamokveTis miz-
niT, dazaralebulisaTvis Sesabamisi kiTxvebis dasmasa da
6 sxilaZe e., genderuli niSniT motivirebuli qalTa mkvlelobebi: sa-

xelmwifos valdebuleba erovnuli da saerTaSoriso samarTlis mi-
xedviT, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso meqa-
nizmebi, k. korkelias redaqtorobiT, statiaTa krebuli, 2016, 135.
7 praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo mosamarTleebisa da prokurorebisTvis
marTlmsajulebisadmi qalTa xelmisawvdomobis sagarantiod, evro-
pis sabWo, 41-42, ix. https://bit.ly/3aYffpv [05.01.2021].
15
misi poziciis mosmenasTan erTad, gansakuTrebuli yurad-
Reba unda gamaxvildes Zaladobis konteqstze, maT Soris,
moZaladis mier gakeTebul Seuracxmyofel gamonaTqvamebsa
da Sefasebebze, romlebic msxverpli qalis mimarT stereo-
tipuli ganwyobis STabeWdilebas tovebs. 8
diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebs miekuTvneba:
damnaSavis mier naTqvami komentarebi, Jestebi an msxver-
plis daxasiaTeba ama Tu im epiTetiT danaSaulis Cadenis wi-
nare periodSi, danaSaulis Cadenis dros an Cadenis Semdeg;
damnaSavis mier msxverplis mimarT gamoCenili gansakuTre-
buli sisastike. diskriminaciuli motivis indikatoria, ase-
ve damnaSavis siamayis grZnoba mis mier Cadenil danaSaul-
Tan mimarTebiT, romlis Taobazec igi uyveba megobrebs, sa-
zogadoebas an TavisiT midis policiaSi danaSaulis saRia-
reblad. 9
sainteresoa, ramdenad SeiZleba miuTiTebdes genderul
niSanze SurisZieba da eWvianoba. eWvianoba xSirad ganpiro-
bebulia qalis mimarT mesakuTruli damokidebulebebiT,
iTvliswinebs qalis qcevis kontrolsa da genderuli ro-
lebisadmi morCilebis moTxovnas, xolo SurisZiebis motivi
xSirad vlindeba imis gamo, rom msxverplma damnaSaves uari
uTxra qorwinebaze, yofilma meuRlem uTxra uari Serigeba-
ze, meuRlem „uRalata“, gadawyvita, sxva adamianebTan daem-
yarebina urTierToba, ar daemorCila mis miTiTebebs da Za-
ladoba gaxda, rogorc erTgvari sasjeli/moZaladis pasuxi
amgvar qmedebaze. Sesabamisad, radgan msgavsi motivebiT da-
naSaulis Cadenisas mamakaci mesakuTrul damokidebulebas
gamoxatavs qalis mimarT, rac miuTiTebs qmedebis gende-
rul niSanze, amitom SurisZieba da eWvianoba unda daukav-
Sirdes genderul motivs.
8 praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo mosamarTleebisa da prokurorebisTvis

marTlmsajulebisadmi qalTa xelmisawvdomobis sagarantiod, evro-
pis sabWo, 42, ix. https://bit.ly/3aYffpv [05.01.2021].
9 Prosecuting Hate Crimes, A Practical Guide, OSCE/ODIHR, 2014, 20, 47-48, 57.
16
qvemoT mocemulia sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praq-
tikis magaliTebi, romlebic Zaladobis genderul mo-
tivze miuTiTebs
mamakaci sistematurad Seuracxyofda da amcirebda meuR-

les genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT. kerZod, genderu-
li stereotipebis gavleniT miaCnda, rom qals ar unda emu-
Sava, ar unda gamoeTqva azri da Sexeduleba da unda yofi-
liyo saxlSi, ris gamoc es ukanaskneli ganicdida tanjvas.

mamakaci genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT amcirebda da
Seuracxyofda meuRles, uSlida mobiluri telefoniT sa-
ubars, komunikaciis damyarebas naTesavebTan, Tavisi Sexe-
dulebisamebr azris gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas da Tvlida,
rom ojaxSi iyo mamakaci da misi miTiTeba savaldebulo iyo
Sesasruleblad.

mamakaci genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT, kerZod, ste-
reotipuli damokidebulebis – „coli unda dadiodes qmris
neba-survilze“ – gamo, daemuqra araregistrirebul qorwi-
nebaSi myof meuRles sicocxlis mospobiT, rac am ukanas-
knelma aRiqva realurad da gauCnda misi ganxorcielebis sa-
fuZvliani SiSi.

mTvralma mamakacma genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT,
stereotipuli damokidebulebis gamo, rom igi iyo ojaxis
ufrosi da rogorc mas surda, ise unda Caecva mis meuRles,
musikaluri centri Caartya qals TavSi, ra drosac man gani-
cada Zlieri fizikuri tkivili.
rac Seexeba ojaxSi Zaladobas, masac aqvs Sesabamisi maxa-

siaTeblebi da indikatorebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac
mniSvnelovania SemTxvevis identificirebisa da msgavsi ka-
tegoriis saqmeebze muSaobisas.
17
ojaxSi Zaladoba ZiriTadad Semdegi maxasiaTebele-
biT gamoirCeva 10:
 ojaxSi Zaladoba xdeba sxvadasxva formiT erTmaneT-
Tan dakavSirebul pirebs – ojaxis wevrebs – Soris;
 ojaxSi Zaladoba, rogorc wesi, ar Semoifargleba
erTjeradi aqtiT da mas axasiaTebs ganmeorebiToba
da zrdis tendencia;
 ojaxSi Zaladobas axasiaTebs ZalTa asimetria, rac
niSnavs imas, rom erT mxares (moZalades) aqvs materi-
aluri, fizikuri an sxva saxis upiratesoba da cdi-
lobs meore mxaris (msxverplis) damorCilebas;
 ojaxSi Zaladoba uaryofiT gavlenas axdens ara mar-
to msxverplze, aramed ojaxis sxva wevrebze, gansa-
kuTrebiT, arasrulwlovnebze;
 ojaxSi Zaladobis Sedegad dazaralebulTa umeteso-
ba aris qali, rac niSnavs, rom ojaxSi Zaladoba gansa-
kuTrebiT uaryofiT gavlenas axdens qalebze.
3. Zaladobis xelSemwyobi mizezebi da risk-faqtore-

bi
qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladoba aris kontrolisa da

daTrgunvis saSualeba, romelic moicavs fsiqologiur, so-
cialur, ekonomikur, fizikur, seqsualur iZulebas, daT-
rgunvasa da zians, 11 xolo patriarqaluri damokidebulebe-
bi da genderuli stereotipebi genderuli Zaladobis mi-
marT tolerantul garemos qmnis. 12
partniorTa mxridan Zaladobis riskebs zrdis diskrimi-
naciuli genderuli streotipebi da patriarqaluri damo-
10 saxelmZRvanelo policielTaTvis ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze, av-

torTa jgufi, 2010, 8, ix. https://bit.ly/39uiFPr [05.01.2021].
11 rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 10 Tebervlis №3-7-20 ga-
dawyvetileba.
12 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb
specialuri momxseneblis angariSi saqarTveloSi vizitis Sesaxeb,
2016, 5, ix. https://bit.ly/3oGD88k [05.01.2021].
18
kidebulebebi, qalebma naklebad ician sakuTari uflebebis
Sesaxeb. am mxriv, mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs adreuli da
iZulebiTi qorwineba da arasakmarisi ekonomikuri damouki-
debloba. qalTa mimarT da ojaSi Zaladobis gamomwvev faq-
torebs Soris aris alkoholis moxmareba, finansuri prob-
lemebi da umuSevroba. 13
Zaladobis ZiriTad maprovocirebel faqtorad miiCneva
moZaladeze materialuri damokidebuleba, sazogadoebis
mxridan moraluri mxardaWeris nakleboba, stereotipuli
midgomebi ojaxis wevrTa rolebisa da funqciebis Sesaxeb
da ojaxis saqmeebSi naTesavebis Careva. 14 ojaxSi qalTa mi-
marT Zaladobis erT-erT ganmapirobebl faqtorad miiCneva
ekonomikuri damoukideblobis ararseboba, ris gamoc qa-
lebis umravlesobas uZneldeba, Tavi daaRwios Zaladobas. 15
Zaladobrivi qcevis risk-faqtorebi ara ganyenebulad,
aramed individualurad, situaciuri, sazogadoebrivi da
kulturuli faqtorebis erTobliobad ganixileba.
Zaladobriv qcevasTan dakavSirebul individualur faq-
torebs ganekuTvneba: axalgazrda asaki (adreuli qorwine-
ba), dabali akademiuri moswreba/ganaTlebis dabali safexu-
ri, agresiuli qceva da deliqventoba (gansakuTrebiT 18
wlamde), finansuri sirTuleebi, umuSevroba an dasaqmebis
problema, Zaladobis warsuli gamocdileba, rodesac bav-
Svi aris Zaladobis Semswre, bavSvobaSi gadatanili aqvs Za-
ladoba an mis pirad cxovrebaSi arsebobs raime saxis Zala-
dobrivi epizodi. kanadasa da aSS-Si Catarebuli kvlevebis
mixedviT, mamakacebi, romlebic Zaladoben partniorebze,
13 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb

specialuri momxseneblis angariSi saqarTveloSi vizitis Sesaxeb,
2016, 7, ix. https://bit.ly/3oGD88k [05.01.2021].
14 ojaxSi da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis aqtualuri sakiTxebi, saqarTve-
los axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, 2019, 7, ix. https://bit.ly/3r5LNT5
[05.01.2021].
15 saxelmZRvanelo policiis muSakTa trenerebisaTvis saswavlo kursi-
saTvis Temaze: „ojaxSi Zaladoba da mis winaaRmdeg moqmedi meqanizme-
bi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT~, 2011, 28, ix.
https://bit.ly/2MlMb19 [05.01.2021].
19
arian Zalian emociurebi da impulsurebi, aqvT dabali
TviTSefaseba, uWirT agresiisa da mtruli ganwyobis kon-
troli, axasiaTebT depresiuli guneba-ganwyoba da pirov-
nuli aSlilobis Sefasebis instrumentebze aqvT maRali
maCvenebeli, maT Soris, antisocialuri, agresiuli da mo-
sazRvre pirovnuli aSlilobis kuTxiT. aseve, mamakacebSi
partnioris mimarT agresiuli qcevis erT-erTi mniSvnelo-
vani risk-faqtoria fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmareba.
kvlevebis mixedviT, im qalebze, romelTa partniorebic mo-
ixmaren alkohols, dafiqsirda fizikuri Zaladobis xuT-
jer maRali maCvenebeli, vidre im qalebze, romelTa partni-
orebic alkohols ar moixmaren.
situaciur faqtorebSi moiazreba sirTuleebi inter-
personalur doneze, rogoricaa: partniorebs Soris urTi-
erTdamokidebuleba, ojaxuri konfliqtebi, urTierTobaSi
arsebuli uTanxmoeba da problemebi, arastabiluri kavSi-
rebi, yoveldRiuri ojaxuri siZneleebi, azrTa Tu Rirebu-
lebaTa sxvadasxvaoba, finansuri stresi da a.S.
rac Seexeba sazogadoebriv da kulturul faqtorebs,
kvlevebis mixedviT, partniorze Zaladobis SemTxvevebi ma-
Ralia iseT sazogadoebaSi, romelSic damkvidrebulia gen-
deruli rolebi da qali iwyebs misTvis aratradiciuli ro-
lis morgebas, xolo mamakacuroba dakavSirebulia dominan-
tobasTan da agresiasTan, romelSic mamakacebs aqvT gadam-
wyveti roli saojaxo da ekonomikur sakiTxebSi, qalebs ki
iolad ar miuwvdebaT xeli ganqorwinebaze da konfliqtebi
wydeba Zaladobrivi qceviT. aseve, kvlevebis mixedviT, siRa-
ribe warmoadgens Zaladobis erT-erT xelSemwyob faqtors.
xSirad Zaladoben sazogadoebaSi, romelSic qalebs ar aqvT
stabiluri socialuri mxardaWera da ekonomikuri damou-
kidebloba.
Zalian mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor reagirebs sazogadoe-
ba qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobaze. swored reagirebis
xarisxi gansazRvravs sazogadoebaSi Zaladobis dones. sxva-
dasxva kvlevis mixedviT, partniorze Zaladobis yvelaze
dabali maCvenebeli iyo im TemSi, romelSic partniorze Za-
20
ladobaze dawesebulia Sesabamisi sanqciebi (maT Soris, sa-
marTlebrivi sanqciebi) da romelSic Zaladobis msxverpl
qalebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba, Tavi daeRwiaT Zaladobrivi
garemosTvis, gadasuliyvnen TavSesafarSi an mieRoT mxar-
daWera ojaxis wevrebisa da gareSe pirebisagan. 16
2017 wels saqarTveloSi Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT,
romlis farglebSic CaRrmavebuli interviu Catarda 22-64
wlamde asakis 16 mamakacTan, isini sasjels ixdidnen Zala-
dobrivi danaSaulis CadenisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
dawesebulebaSi 17 da romlis mizansac Zaladobrivi qcevis
Cadenis risk-faqtorebis gamovlena warmoadgenda, dadgin-
da, rom monawileebis 43% bavSvobaSi Seswrebia mSoblebs
Soris fizikur Zaladobas da Tavadac iyvnen Zaladobis
msxverpli. maTi TqmiT, mSoblebs Soris xSiri iyo sityvieri
da fizikuri Seuracxyofis faqtebi. monawileTa 56%-ma aR-
niSna, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis garda, sxva travmuli SemTxve-
vebi gamoucdia, rogorebicaa: dis/Zmis, mSoblebis an oja-
xis wevrebis uecari gardacvaleba, mSoblis gardacvaleba
dabadebisas da a.S. monawileTa 81%-ma procentma aRniSna,
rom aqvT ojaxuri problemebi. ojaxSi konfliqtebis erT-
erT mizezad dasaxelda umuSevroba, finansuri sirTulee-
bi, finansebis gadanawilebasTan dakavSirebuli uTanxmoeba,
azartuli TamaSebi da a.S. monawileTa 68% danaSaulis Cade-
nisas iyo fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis zemoqmedebis qveS.
kvlevisas gamoikveTa monawileTa damokidebulebebi da
ganwyobebi sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli tradiciuli
rwmenebisa da konkretuli socialuri normebis mimarT.
kerZod, miiCneven, rom mamakacis Sexedulebebi, survilebi,
saWiroebebi, uflebebi sxva piris uflebebze upiratesia da
16 melaSvili l., amirejibi e., Zaladobrivi qcevis gamomwvevi risk-faq-

torebi, 2017, 5-6, ix. https://bit.ly/3iZzOUq [05.01.2021].
17 kvlevis monawileebi sasjels ixdidnen Zaladobrivi danaSaulisTvis
(ssk-is 109-e da 1261 muxlebi). maTi umravlesoba meuRlis mimarT fizi-
kuri Zaladobis safuZvelze iyo dakavebuli. ramdenime maTgani sas-
jels ixdida mSoblebis/Svilebis mimarT Zaladobis gamo, xolo oTxi
monawile – mkvlelobisTvis (aqedan, sami – colis/partnioris, xolo
erTi – ojaxis wevris mkvlelobisTvis).
21
maTi daukmayofilebloba iwvevs frustraciasa da agresias.
maTi SefasebiT, ojaxSi Zaladoba miiCneva ojaxis pirad saq-
med da ara samarTaldarRvevad an danaSaulad. 18
gaeros qalTa organizaciisa da ssip saqarTvelos sta-
tistikis erovnuli samsaxuris (saqstati) kvlevis Tanaxmad,
qalebis TiTqmis erT meoTxeds (22%) da kacebis erT mesa-
meds (31%) miaCnia, rom colis cema garkveul garemoebebSi
gamarTlebulia, mag., Ralatis an bavSvebis ugulebelyofis
SemTxvevaSi. rogorc mamrobiTi (50%), ise mdedrobiTi sqe-
sis (33%) respondentebs miaCniaT, rom partnioris/meuRlis
mxridan Zaladoba piradi sakiTxia da masSi sxvebi ar unda
Caerion. qalebis (66%) da kacebis (78%) umetesoba miiCnevs,
rom qalis yvelaze mniSvnelovani roli saxlSi wesrigis Se-
narCunebaa, xolo qalebis TiTqmis meoTxeds (23%) da kace-
bis TiTqmis naxevars (42%) miaCnia, rom qali unda emorCile-
bodes kacs im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu ar eTanxmeba mas.
kvleviT isic dadginda, rom kvlevis monawileebis mier
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis problemis aRiarebis miuxedavad,
zogadi ganwyoba iseTia, TiTqos aRniSnuli problema maT
garemoSi ar aris. es mianiSnebs, rom kvlevis monawileebs
uWirT problemis seriozulobis Sefaseba an/da Zaladobis
SemTxvevebis ganxilva tabuirebuli rCeba da adamianebi
cdiloben, gaemijnon problemas, ar isaubron am sakiTxebze.
kvlevis axalgazrda monawileebi problemaze ufro gaxsni-
lad saubroben, vidre zrdasrulebi da acxadeben, rom
icodnen mezoblebs an/da naTesavebs Soris Zaladobis Sem-
Txvevebis Sesaxeb. 19
aRsaniSnavia, rom xSirad msxverpli Zaladobis pirveli-
ve SemTxvevisas ver tovebs moZalades da uWirs, dasaxmareb-
lad Sesabamis organoebs mimarTos, rac ganpirobebulia
sxvadasxva mizeziT. Sesabamisad, xSirad msxverpli mxolod
maSin iwyebs dacvisa da daxmarebis gzebis Ziebas, rodesac
18 melaSvili l., amirejibi e., Zaladobrivi qcevis gamomwvevi risk-faq-

torebi, 2017, 7-12, ix. https://bit.ly/3iZzOUq [05.01.2021].
19 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis erovnuli kvleva saqarTveloSi, gaeros qal-
Ta organizacia (UN Women) da saqstati, 2017, 64, 68.
22
Zaladoba ukidures zRvars aRwevs, mas ki amowuruli aqvs
yvelanairi resursi, damoukideblad daaRwios Tavi Zala-
dobriv garemos.
es mizezebi da faqtorebi, SesaZloa iyos:
 undobloba marTlmsajulebis sistemis mimarT
(msxverpls SeiZleba hqondes imis SiSi, rom mis daxma-
rebas ver SeZleben da moZalade dausjeli darCeba,
rac gaauaresebs mis mdgomareobas da Zaladobis pi-
rispir marto aRmoCndeba. amgvari SiSi SeiZleba arse-
bobdes im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac msxverpls aqvs mar-
Tlmsajulebis organoebTan urTierTobis cudi ga-
mocdileba. mag., msxverplma adre mimarTa dasaxma-
reblad policias, romelic saTanadod ar daexmara
an aqvs informacia, rom mis mdgomareobaSi myof sxva
qalebs ar daexmarnen);
 moZaladeze ekonomikuri da materialuri damoki-
debuleba (xSirad msxverpli ekonomikurad mTlianad
damokidebulia moZaladeze, romelic aris ojaxis
erTaderTi „marCenali“. msxverpli SiSobs, rom Tu
moZalades daiWeren, finansuri saxsrebis ararsebo-
bis gamo, veRar SeZlebs sakuTari Tavisa da Svilebis
rCenas. xSirad swored aRniSnuli mizeziT ambobs
uars gamoZiebisa Tu saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis
etapze Cvenebis micemaze);
 ojaxuri problemebis sajarod gamotanis SiSi da
ojaxis zewola (xSirad msxverpli fiqrobs, rom Tu
Zaladobis Sesaxeb isaubrebs, amiT xels Seuwyobs
„ojaxuri problemebis“ saaSkaraoze gamotanas da Se-
arcxvens ojaxs. am dros msxverpls ojaxis wevrebi
urCeven xolme, rom aitanos Zaladoba da moZalades
„kidev erTi Sansi“ misces gamosasworeblad);
 sazogadoebrivi stereotipebis gavlena (zogjer
msxverpli elis, rom sazogadoeba gakicxavs Zalado-
bis Sesaxeb Sesabamisi organoebis informirebis gamo,
rasac SesaZloa mohyves moZaladis pasuxismgeblo-
ba/misi dakaveba, vinaidan sazogadoebis nawili ojax-
23
Si Zaladobas aRiqvams msxverplisa da moZaladis „pi-
rad saqmed“. mag., ojaxSi Zaladobis erT-erT saqmeze
dazaralebulma qalma sasamarTloSi dakiTxvisas ga-
nacxada, rom pretenzia aRar hqonda da mosamarTles
sTxova, rom „erTi Sansi“ miecaT misi meuRlisTvis da
gaeTavisuflebinaT: „misi dakavebis Semdeg saxlidan
ar gamovsulvar, me ufro stresul mdgomareobaSi
var, is rom patimrobaSia... xalxis mrcxvenia. fsiqo-
logiuri stresia es CemTvis“ 20);
 Zaladobis ganmeorebis SiSi (zogjer msxverpli
fiqrobs, rom Tu saCivars Seitans moZaladis winaaR-
mdeg, is Surs iZiebs da igi ufro mZime Zaladobis
msxverpli gaxdeba. amas emateba isic, rom zogjer mo-
Zalade msxverpls emuqreba rogorc misi, ise misi ax-
lo naTesavebis fizikuri angariSsworebiT, Tu igi
dasaxmareblad mimarTavs Sesabamis organoebs);
 dacvisa da daxmarebis meqanizmebis Sesaxeb infor-
maciis arqona (xSirad msxverplma ar icis, Tu rogo-
ri arCevani aqvs, aseve ar flobs informacias samar-
Tlebrivi meqanizmebis Sesaxeb, amitom, SesaZloa, Za-
ladoba araseriozulad/normalurad miaCndes. man
ar icis, vis SeiZleba mimarTos dasaxmareblad. zog-
jer moZalade msxverpls bavSvis warTmeviT emuqreba
da radgan qali ar flobs informacias Tavisi ufle-
bebis Sesaxeb, sjera, rom SeiZleba mas bavSvi Camoar-
Tvan). 21
20 xatiaSvili g., sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo procesebis monitorin-

gi Tbilisisa da quTaisis saqalaqo da saapelacio sasamarTloebSi,
monitoringis angariSi №9, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa aso-
ciacia, 2016, 25, ix. https://bit.ly/3tbAGKg [05.01.2021].
21 saxelmZRvanelo policiis muSakTa trenerebisaTvis saswavlo kursi-
saTvis Temaze: „ojaxSi Zaladoba da mis winaaRmdeg moqmedi meqanizme-
bi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT“, 2011, 29-33, ix.
https://bit.ly/2MlMb19 [05.01.2021]; qalTa mimarT Zaladobis erovnuli
kvleva saqarTveloSi, gaeros qalTa organizacia (UN Women) da saq-
stati, 2017, 93.
24
zemoaRniSnulis garda, Tvisebrivma gamokiTxvebma aCve-
na, rom Zaladobagadatanili qalebi, ufro xSirad marto
umklavdebian Zaladobas. aseve, bevri sakuTar Tavs adanaSa-
ulebs da cdilobs, ukeTesi gaxdes an qceva gamoasworos,
raTa Tavidan airidos Zaladoba (mag., gaxdes ukeTesi dia-
saxlisi). kvlevaSi monawile respondentebi cdilobdnen
partnioris/meuRlis damSvidebas da Zaladobrivi qmedebe-
bis Secvlas pasiurobiTa da Cumad yofniT, xolo respon-
dentebis nawili fiqrobda, rom maT SeeZloT ukeTesobisken
SeecvalaT moZaladis qceva. isini amarTlebdnen Zaladobas
da moZaladeTa amgvar qcevas abralebdnen alkohols, azar-
tul TamaSebs, socialur-ekonomikur problemebs an bav-
SvobaSi gamocdil Zaladobas. 22
4. ojaxis wevris cneba
kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrulia im pirTa wre, romlebic

ojaxis wevrebad iTvlebian. ojaxis wevrTa cneba efuZneba,
erTi mxriv, adamianebis naTesaur kavSirebs, meore mxriv,
erTmaneTTan emociurad an TanacxovrebiT dakavSirebul
urTierTobebs.
ojaxis wevrad iTvleba: deda, mama, papa, bebia, meuRle,
araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi myofi piri, Svili (geri),
mindobiT aRsazrdeli, mindobiT aRmzrdeli (dedobili, ma-
mobili), dedinacvali, maminacvali, SviliSvili, da, Zma, me-
uRlis mSobeli, araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi myofi pi-
ris mSobeli, Svilis meuRle (maT Soris, araregistrirebul
qorwinebaSi myofi), yofili meuRle, warsulSi araregis-
trirebul qorwinebaSi myofi piri, meurve, mzrunveli,
mxardamWeri, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis qveS myofi piri,
mxardaWeris mimRebi, agreTve pirebi, romlebic mudmivad
ewevian an eweodnen erTian saojaxo meurneobas.

Ta organizacia (UN Women) da saqstati, 2017, 94-95.
25
ojaxis wevrTa es cneba gamoiyeneba kanonmdeblobis miz-
nebisaTvis (mag., sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis), romlebic
ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs areguli-
rebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2020 wlis 13 ivlisis kanoniT Seicva-
la iseTi bundovani da Seusabamo cnebebi, rogoricaa: siZe
da rZali, araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi myofi piri da mi-
si ojaxis wevri, naSvilebi, mSvilebeli, mSvileblis meuRle
da a.S. problemuri iyo isic, rom ojaxis wevrebs warmoad-
gendnen mxolod meurve, mzrunveli da mxardamWeri da ar
iyo miTiTebuli meore mxares mdgomi pirebi (meurveobisa
da mzrunvelobis qveS myofi piri, mxardaWeris mimRebi), rac
azrs ukargavda aRniSnul terminTa arsebobas.
mocemuli CamonaTvali ojaxis wevrebad ar moiazrebs na-

TesavTa farTo speqtrs, maT Soris, aRniSnuli regulire-
bis miznebisaTvis ojaxis wevrad ar miiCneva biZaSvili, mami-
daSvili, Zmis coli, colis Zma, colis da, disSvili, ZmisSvi-
li, deida, mamida, biZa da a.S., garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac
26
aRniSnuli pirebi mudmivad eweodnen an ewevian erTian sao-
jaxo meurneobas.
qvemoT mocemulia ojaxis wevrad miCneuli subieqtebi,
romlebic ganmartebas saWiroeben:
 mindobiT aRsazrdeli da mindobiT aRmzrdeli (dedo-
bili, mamobili)
mindobiT aRzrda aris saxelmwifo zrunvis forma, rome-
lic miaxloebulia ojaxur zrunvasTan, miznad isaxavs min-
dobiT aRsazrdelis movlasa da aRzrdas da xorcieldeba
saxelmwifosa da mindobiT aRsazrdels Soris dadebuli
xelSekrulebis safuZvelze.
mindobiT aRzrdas eqvemdebareba 18 wlamde asakis piri:
a) romelic aris oboli (ar hyavs arc erTi mSobeli);
b) romlis mSobeli (mSoblebi) sasamarTlom ugzo-uk-
vlod dakargulad aRiara;
g) romlis mSobels (mSoblebs) SeezRuda (SeezRudaT), Se-
uCerda (SeuCerdaT) an CamoerTva (CamoerTvaT) mSoblis uf-
lebebi.
mindobiT aRmzrdeli aris dedobili/mamobili, romel-
sac mindobiT aRsazrdelad gadaeca romelime zemoaRniSnu-
li 18 wlamde asakis piri, xolo mindobiT aRsazrdeli aris
saxelmwifosa da mindobiT aRmzrdels Soris dadebuli
xelSekrulebis safuZvelze mindobiT aRmzrdelisTvis min-
dobiT aRsazrdelad gadacemuli piri. 23
 meurve, mzrunveli, mxardamWeri, meurveobisa da
mzrunvelobis qveS myofi piri, mxardaWeris mimRebi
arasrulwlovan bavSvs, romelic mzrunvelobis gareSe
darCa mSoblebis gardacvalebis, gardacvlilad aRiarebis,
mSoblebisaTvis mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis, SeCerebis an
SezRudvis, maTi ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebis an
bavSvis mitovebulad aRiarebis gamo, uwesdeba meurveoba
da mzrunveloba aRsazrdelad, piradi an qonebrivi ufle-
bebisa da interesebis dasacavad. meurveoba da mzrunvelo-
23 „Svilad ayvanisa da mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni,

muxli 3 – „n“, „s“ da „t“ punqtebi; muxli 70, nawili I.
27
ba wesdeba agreTve im srulwlovnis piradi da qonebrivi
uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad, romelsac janmrTe-
lobis mdgomareobis gamo ar SeuZlia damoukideblad gana-
xorcielos Tavisi uflebebi da Seasrulos movaleobebi.
meurveoba wesdeba bavSvze, romelsac 7 wlis asakisTvis
ar miuRwevia, xolo mzrunveloba wesdeba arasrulwlovan-
ze Svidi wlidan 18 wlamde.
mzrunveloba wesdeba agreTve srulwlovan qmedunarian
pirze misi TxovniT, Tu mas, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis
gamo, ar SeuZlia damoukideblad ganaxorcielos Tavisi uf-
lebebi da Seasrulos movaleobebi. garda amisa, sasamar-
Tlos mier mzrunveloba SeiZleba dauwesdes pirs, romelic
borotad iyenebs alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs da
amis gamo ojaxs mZime materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs.
meurvis an mzrunvelis movaleobaTa gansaxorcieleb-
lad meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebi niSnaven me-
urves an mzrunvels. meurve an mzrunveli SeiZleba dainiS-
nos mxolod maTi TanxmobiT.
2014 wlis 8 oqtombers saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sa-
samarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba, romliTac arakonstitu-
ciurad iqna cnobili fsiqikuri daavadebebis gamo SezRu-
duli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis qmedunarianobis Sez-
Rudvis arsebuli sakanonmdeblo regulaciebi. kanonmdeb-
lobis aRniSnul gadawyvetilebasa da „SezRuduli SesaZ-
leblobis mqone pirTa uflebebis konvenciis“ standarteb-
Tan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT, 2015 wels ganxorciel-
da cvlilebebi. Sesabamisad, im pirebis mimarT, romlebic
manamde moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT „Wkuasustobis“ an „indivi-
dualuri moSlilobis“ safuZvliT qmeduunarod iyvnen miC-
neuli, cvlilebebis Sedegad SemoRebul iqna individualu-
ri Sefasebis sistema, romelic ar efuZneba mxolod samedi-
cino models da masSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs socia-
luri Sefasebis komponents. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT,
axleburad Camoyalibda im pirTa cneba, romlebic manamde
moqmedi kanonis Tanaxmad miiCneodnen qmeduunaro pirebad
„Wkuasustobis“ da „sulieri moSlilobis“ gamo.
28
qmedunarianobis SezRudvisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda
iqnes qmedunarianobis konkretuli viTareba da Sesabamisi
piris konkretuli saWiroebebi. piris uflebebsa da Tavi-
suflebebSi Careva dasaSvebia mxolod im minimaluri mocu-
lobiT, romelic aucilebelia miznis misaRwevad. dacvis
RonisZiebebi avtomaturad ar unda gulisxmobdes pirisaT-
vis qmedunarianobis sruli moculobiT dakargvas, xolo iq,
sadac es SesaZlebelia, srulwlovan pirs unda hqondes uf-
leba, dados iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone yoveldRiuri
yofiTi garigebebi. amdenad, rogorc sakonstitucio sasa-
marTlo, ise „SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uf-
lebebis konvencia“ uaryofs adamianisaTvis qmedunariano-
bis srulad CamorTmevis SesaZleblobas da amave dros,
mniSvnelovnad da aucileblad miiCnevs, rom piris indivi-
dualuri Sefasebisas saxelmwifo ar Semoifarglos mxo-
lod samedicino midgomiT.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
kodeqsSi damkvidrda axali cneba – fsiqo-socialuri saWi-
roebis mqone piri, anu mxardaWeris mimRebi.
mxardaWeris mimRebi piri iTvleba qmedunarian pirad,
romelsac fsiqo-socialuri saWiroebebis individualuri
Seswavlis safuZvelze SeiZleba sasamarTlos mier daeniS-
nos mxardamWeri, anu piri, romelic mas daexmareba sakuTa-
ri uflebebis realizebasa da interesebis dacvaSi. 24 Sesaba-
misad, mxardaWeris mimRebs eniSneba mxardamWeri. 25
mxardaWeris mimRebi aris fsiqo-socialuri saWiroebis
mqone piri, anu piri myari fsiqikuri, gonebrivi/inteleqtu-
aluri darRvevebiT, romelTa sxvadasxva dabrkolebebTan
urTierTqmedebam SesaZloa xeli SeuSalos sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi am piris srul da efeqtian monawileobas sxveb-
Tan SedarebiT Tanabar pirobebSi. es dabrkolebebi, saTana-
do rCevisa da daxmarebis gareSe, mniSvnelovnad unda arTu-
24 ganmartebiTi baraTi „saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi cvlilebe-

bis Setanis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze, ix.
https://bit.ly/3rqAUfy [05.01.2021].
25 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, muxli 12771.
29
lebdes mxardaWeris mimRebis mier sakuTari nebis Tavisuf-
lad gamoxatvis, informirebuli da gaazrebuli arCevanis
gakeTebis SesaZleblobas sasamarTlos mier gansazRvrul
sferoebTan dakavSirebiT. mxardaWeris mimRebad sasamar-
Tlom SeiZleba cnos agreTve arasrulwlovani im fargleb-
Si, romlebSic, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, mas
Tavisi ufleba-movaleobebis ganxorcielebisas kanonieri
warmomadgenlis Tanxmoba ar sWirdeba. 26
mxardamWeri valdebulia, Tvalyuri adevnos mxardaWe-
ris mimRebis mudmiv samedicino momsaxurebas, daadginos
misi survilebi/arCevani da daexmaros Sesabamisi gadawyve-
tilebis miRebaSi, rac gamoixateba gadawyvetilebis misaRe-
bad aucilebeli informaciis mxardaWeris mimRebisaTvis
gasagebi sakomunikacio formiT miwodebaSi. 27
pirebi, romlebic mudmivad ewevian an eweodnen erTian
saojaxo meurneobas – es debuleba gulisxmobs pirTa Ta-
nacxovrebas, rodesac adamianebi garkveuli periodis gan-
mavlobaSi uwyvetad eweodnen erTian saojaxo meurneobas,
anu cxovrobdnen rogorc ojaxi da inawilebdnen saxlis
movlasTan/meurneobasTan dakavSirebul funqciebsa da
Sromas an/da iyofdnen sayofacxovrebo xarjebs. mag., inawi-
lebdnen komunalur gadasaxadebs. aseTi kavSiri SesaZlebe-
lia arsebobdes rogorc naTesavebs (mag., biZaSvili, mami-
daSvili, biZa, bicola, ZmisSvili, disSvili da a.S.), aseve na-
Tesauri kavSiris armqone pirebs Soris (mag., megobrebi,
romlebic ewevian erTian saojaxo meurneobas).
aRniSnuli cneba miemarTeba rogorc warsulSi, ise mim-
dinare reJimSi arsebul erTian saojaxo meurneobas. Sesaba-
misad, Tu Zaladoba ganxorcielda Tanacxovrebis Semdeg,
kerZod, maSin, rodesac pirebi aRar ewevian erTian saojaxo
meurneobas, mniSvneloba ara aqvs Tanacxovrebidan ramxela
periodia gasuli, piris qmedeba unda Sefasdes ojaxSi Zala-
dobis an ojaxuri danaSaulis kvalifikaciiT. aseve, ojaxSi
26 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, muxli 12.

27 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, muxli 1289, nawili II.
30
Zaladoba/ojaxuri danaSauli iqneba maSin, rodesac Zala-
doba moxda pirTa Tanacxovrebis, anu erTiani saojaxo me-
urneobis warmoebis dros.
erT-erT saqmeze moZalade da msxverpli ar CaiTvalnen
pirebad, romlebic mudmivad eweodnen erTian saojaxo me-
urneobas, vinaidan, sasamarTlos SefasebiT, maTi Tanacxov-
rebis periodi Seadgenda mxolod 5-6 dRes, rac ver miiCneva
mudmivi saojaxo meurneobisaTvis saWiro aucilebel
drod. 28
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom mniSvneloba ar aqvs Zalado-
bis Cadenis adgils, Sesabamisad, SemTxveva SeiZleba moxdes
rogorc saxlSi, sadac msxverpli da moZalade cxovroben,
ise Ria sivrceSi (mag., mamakacma yofil meuRleze fiziku-
rad iZalada quCaSi). amdenad, qmedebis ojaxSi Zaladobad
misaCnevad arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs ara misi Cadenis ad-
gils, aramed saTanado subieqtebis arsebobas, romlebic Se-
saZloa erTad arc cxovrobdnen.
5. Zaladobis formebi da elementebi

saqarTvelos kanonis me-4 muxlis Sesabamis qvepunqtebSi aR-
werilia Zaladobis formebi da miTiTebulia maTi identi-
fikaciisaTvis saWiro elementebi.
28 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 27 ianvris №487ap-16 ga-

naCeni.
31
Zaladobis saxeebi
fizikuri Zaladoba – cema, wameba, janmrTelobis dazia-

neba, Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa an sxva iseTi moqmede-
ba, romelic iwvevs fizikur tkivils an tanjvas. aseve, jan-
mrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebis
daukmayofilebloba, rac iwvevs msxverplis janmrTelobis
dazianebas an sikvdils.
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba – Seuracxyofa, SantaJi, dam-
cireba, muqara an sxva iseTi moqmedeba, romelic iwvevs ada-
mianis pativisa da Rirsebis Selaxvas. fsiqologiuri Zala-
doba gulisxmobs qcevebs, romelTa mizania, akontrolos,
marTos msxverplis moqmedebebi da emociebi mis dasamorCi-
leblad. es gamoixateba damamcirebeli metsaxelebiT mimar-
TvaSi, muqaraSi, iseTi saqcielis dabralebaSi, romelic mas
ar Caudenia da a.S. fsiqologiuri Zaladoba SeiZleba vlin-
debodes calke an warmoadgendes fizikuri an seqsualuri
Zaladobis Semadgenel nawils. SesaZlebelia, fsiqologiu-
ri Zaladoba uSualod msxverplze ar xorcieldebodes,
magram ojaxis sxva wevrebs Soris arsebuli Zaladobrivi
urTierTobebi am pirzec, misi xandazmulobis, mcirewlov-
nobis an sxva raime mizezis gamo, damTrgunvelad moqme-
32
debdes. 29
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba gulisxmobs msxverplTan mud-
mivad, mizanmimarTulad iseTi urTierTobis formebis ga-
moyenebas, romelic iwvevs emociur tkivils, SiSs, daTrgu-
nulobasa da represias. aseTi urTierTobis formebSi SeiZ-
leba Sediodes: kritika, agresiuli da Seuferebeli moT-
xovnebis wayeneba an/da iseTi mimarTva, daSineba, usamar-
Tlo braldebebis wayeneba, emociuri manipulacia, gadame-
tebuli kontroli, sazogadoebisgan izolireba, dacinva da
a.S. fsiqologiuri Zaladobis mizania, msxverpls daekargos
sakuTari Tavis rwmena, daaeWvos sakuTar inteleqtualur
SesaZleblobebsa da realurobis adekvatur aRqmaSi, prob-
lema Seeqmnas sociumSi srulfasovan pirovnebad gamovle-
nasa da SesaZleblobebis realizebaSi. amdenad, moZaladis
mizania pirovnebis identobis Selaxva da masze kontrolis
damyareba. moZalade fsiqologiuri Zaladobis elementebis
gamoyenebis Semdeg iolad manipulirebs msxverpliT da do-
minirebs mis pirovnebaze. moZalade miiCnevs, rom misi (Zala-
dobrivi) qmedeba msxverplTan urTierTobis „garkvevis“
yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa, radgan sxva araZaladobrivi
qmedebebiT ver iRebs im „Sedegs“, romelic mas am urTier-
Tobidan surs. 30
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba yvelaze gavrcelebuli Zala-
dobis formaa, Tumca aSkara samxilebs naklebad tovebs
msxverplze, rac TavisTavad arTulebs mis identifikacias.
amdenad, fsiqologiuri Zaladobis arsebobis dadastureba
rTulia, Tumca SesaZlebelia mTeli rigi iseTi saxis mtki-
cebulebebiT, rogorebicaa: werilobiTi, video-audio Cana-
werebiT, mowmeTa CvenebebiT, axsna-ganmartebebiTa da a.S. 31
29 rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 10 Tebervlis №3-7-20 ga-

dawyvetileba.
30 samtrediis raionuli sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 16 ivnisis №3/50-19 ga-
dawyvetileba.
31 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 19 noembris №3b/2720-19
ganCineba; rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 10 Tebervlis
№3-7-20 gadawyvetileba.
33
iZuleba – adamianis fizikuri an fsiqologiuri iZule-
ba, Seasrulos an ar Seasrulos moqmedeba, romlis ganxor-
cieleba an romlisgan Tavis Sekaveba misi uflebaa an/da sa-
kuTar Tavze ganicados Tavisi neba-survilis sawinaaRmde-
go zemoqmedeba.
seqsualuri Zaladoba – sqesobrivi kavSiri ZaladobiT,
Zaladobis muqariT an msxverplis umweo mdgomareobis ga-
moyenebiT, agreTve sqesobrivi kavSiri an seqsualuri xasia-
Tis sxvagvari moqmedeba an garyvnili qmedeba arasrul-
wlovnis mimarT.
ekonomikuri Zaladoba – qmedeba, romelic iwvevs sakve-
biT, sacxovrebeli da normaluri ganviTarebis sxva pirobe-
biT uzrunvelyofis, sakuTrebisa da Sromis uflebebis gan-
xorcielebis, agreTve TanasakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebiT
sargeblobisa da kuTvnili wilis gankargvis uflebis Sez-
Rudvas. amgvari qmedebebiT uaresdeba piris ekonomikuri
mdgomareoba an/da ezRudeba sakuTari an TanasakuTrebaSi
arsebuli qonebiT sargeblobis ufleba. 32
arasrulwlovnis kanonieri interesebis ugulebel-
yofa – mSoblis (mSoblebis), sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis
an/da sxva pasuxismgebeli piris mier arasrulwlovnis fi-
zikuri an fsiqologiuri saWiroebebis daukmayofileblo-
ba, safrTxisagan daucveloba, sabaziso ganaTlebis ufle-
bis SezRudva, dabadebis registraciis, samedicino an sxva
momsaxurebebiT sargeblobisaTvis aucilebeli moqmedebe-
bis ganuxorcielebloba, Tuki mSobels (mSoblebs), sxva ka-
nonier warmomadgenels an/da sxva pasuxismgebel pirs aqvs
(aqvT) saTanado informacia da SesaZlebloba da xeli miuw-
vdeba (miuwvdebaT) Sesabamis momsaxurebaze.
32 Telavis raionuli sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 12 aprilis №3/25-19 gadaw-

yvetileba.
34
qvemoT mocemulia magaliTebi Zaladobis TiToeul for-
masTan dakavSirebiT
fizikuri Zaladoba – 60 wlis petre saxlSi daRlili dab-

runda. vinaidan saWmeli mzad ar daxvda, Tavis meuRles or-
jer daartya muSti Tavis areSi.
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba – roca pavle saxlSi mTvrali
brundeba, cols ayenebs sityvier Seuracxyofas, lanZRavs,
eubneba, rom arafris maqnisi, gaunaTlebeli da sulelia,
rac qalisTvis aris pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli.
iZuleba – ivanem ultimatumi wauyena Tavis meuRles, rom
misTvis gadaeca mobiluri telefoni da eCvenebina iq arse-
buli Setyobinebebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saxlidan gag-
debiTa da fizikuri angariSsworebiT daemuqra.
seqsualuri Zaladoba – mamakacma Tavis partnior qals
SesTavaza sqesobrivi kavSiris damyareba, razec am ukanas-
knelma uari ganucxada. amis Semdeg mamakaci daemuqra qals
ojaxis wevrebis, kerZod, mSoblebis, sicocxlis mospobiT,
Tu masTan sqesobriv kavSirs ar daamyarebda. SeSinebulma
qalma winaaRmdegobis gaweva veRar SeZlo, xolo mamakacma
Zaladobis muqaris gamoyenebiT ganaxorciela seqsualuri
xasiaTis SeRweva qalis sxeulSi sasqeso organos gamoyene-
biT, e.i. Caidina gaupatiureba.
ekonomikuri Zaladoba:
 lilianam Tavis xandazmul mSoblebs aukrZala komu-
naluri resursebis (eleqtroenergiisa da gazis) ga-
moyeneba mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi da maTi moxmare-
bisTvis garkveuli saaTebi dauwesa. mSoblebs SezRu-
duli hqondaT SesaZlebloba, rom eleqtroenergia
da bunebrivi airi maTi saWiroebebis mixedviT gamoe-
yenebinaT;
 mSoblebs daZabuli urTierToba hqondaT vaJiSvil-
Tan. mamis gancxadebiT, misi Svili damokidebuli iyo
narkotikul saSualebebze, amitom ojaxSi xSirad
hqondaT konfliqturi situacia. Svili mamas siste-
35
maturad sTxovda fuls da saxlidan Cumad mihqonda
sxvadasxva faseulobis nivTebi gasayidad;
 mivlinebidan saxlSi dabrunebul nensis mis mier na-
yidi personaluri kompiuteri adgilze aRar daxvda.
mogvianebiT gairkva, rom qalis kuTvnili nivTi misma
meuRlem daalombarda;
 fredi Tavis meuRles ar aZlevs muSaobis dawyebis
uflebas, radgan fiqrobs, rom misi Semosavali sru-
liad sakmarisia ojaxis sarCenad da umjobesia, Tu
coli saxlis saqmeebiTa da bavSvebis aRzrdiT dakav-
deba.
ugulebelyofa – mSoblebma gadawyvites, rom 8 wlis Svili
ar ataron skolaSi, radgan fiqroben, rom bavSvis ganviTa-
rebisTvis umjobesia, Tu igi drois did nawils saxlSi gaa-
tarebs.
partniorul urTierTobaSi myofi 15-64 wlis qalebis

daaxloebiT 6%-ma ganacxada, rom sicocxlis manZilze ga-
mocdili aqvT fizikuri an/da seqsualuri Zaladoba par-
tnioris/meuRlis mxridan. fizikuri Zaladobis Tvalsaz-
risiT, yvelaze gavrcelebuli formebia: silis gawna an rai-
me nivTis srola, xeli kvra an/da dartyma muStiT an sxva ra-
ime nivTiT. aseve, partniorul urTierTobaSi myofi 15-64
wlis Svidi qalidan erTs (13%) sicocxlis manZilze gamo-
ucdia fsiqologiuri Zaladoba, xolo qalebis 10%-s eko-
nomikuri Zaladoba. 33

Ta organizacia (UN Women) da saqstati, 2017, 44-45.
36
6. Zaladobis fazebi da dinamika
ojaxSi Zaladobis dinamikis warmosadgenad arsebobs

ramdenime modeli (maT Soris, uolkeris, landerbergis,
dolutis da a.S.). yvelaze gavrcelebul models warmoad-
gens lenor uolkeris Zaladobis ciklis Teoria, romelic
sam etapad xsnis ojaxSi Zaladobis ganviTarebis dinamikas.
I faza – daZabulobis zrda, romelic xasiaTdeba pirov-
nebebs Soris daZabulobis eskalaciiT. am procesSi poten-
ciuri msxverpli cdilobs, rom daamSvidos potenciuri mo-
Zalade, raTa Tavidan aicilos incidenti. aRniSnuli faza
SeiZleba gagrZeldes Tveebisa da wlebis ganmavlobaSi.
II faza – Zaladobis seriozuli incidenti, romelic Se-
iZleba gagrZeldes 2-24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. am etapze
msxverpls aRar SeuZlia, gavlena moaxdinos arsebul situ-
aciaze, isRa darCenia, sxvadasxva gziT mimarTos daxmarebi-
sa da dacvis saSualebebs.
III faza – „Taflobis Tve“. Zaladobis seriozuli inci-
dentis Semdeg moZalade iTxovs patiebas da cdilobs
msxverplTan Serigebas. xSirad msxverplsac uCndeba ilu-
zia, rom moZalade Seicvleba da momavalSi aRar ganmeorde-
ba Zaladoba, Tumca, rogorc wesi, drois gasvlasTan erTad
Zaladobis intensivoba da xarisxi matulobs. swored ami-
tom, Zaladobis es modeli vizualurad xSirad wriuli
formiT aris gamoxatuli (e.w. Zaladobis borbali), rac miu-
TiTebs imaze, rom mesame fazis Semdeg Tavidan iwyeba yvela
etapis gavla, rac mis ganmeorebad bunebaze miuTiTebs.
drois gasvlasTan erTad ganmeorebiTi Zaladoba ufro mZi-
me formebs iRebs, xolo fazebs Soris arsebuli periodi
sul ufro mcirdeba. 34
34 saxelmZRvanelo policielTaTvis ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze, av-

torTa jgufi, 2010, 8-9, ix. https://bit.ly/39uiFPr [05.01.2021].
37
38
Tavi II. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobisgan
dacvis samarTlebrivi instrumentebi
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis gamov-

lenisa da aRkveTisaTvis gamoiyeneba sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi, administraciul-samarTlebrivi da samoqalaqo-samar-
Tlebrivi meqanizmebi.
„qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis preven-
ciisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb“ evropis sabWos konvenciis (stam-
bolis konvencia) 45-e muxli adgens im sanqciebsa da zomebs,
romlebic SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli konvenciiT gansaz-
Rvruli Zaladobis mimarT. igi moicavs sisxlissamarTleb-
riv an sxva sanqciebs. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos mier miRebu-
li zomebi unda iyos Zaladobis simZimis Tanazomieri, xolo
dawesebuli sanqciebi ki – „efeqtiani, proporciuli da gam-
Wvirvale“ 35.
qvemoT mocemul TavebSi ganxilulia qalTa mimarT da
ojaxSi Zaladobis gamovlenisa da aRkveTisaTvis gaTvalis-
winebuli meqanizmebis daniSnuleba da maTi gamoyenebis
procesualuri da materialuri safuZvlebi.

brZolis sisxlissamarTlebrivi meqanizmebi
sisxlisamarTlebrivi meqanizmebi gamoiyeneba im Sem-

TxvevaSi, rodesac qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Za-
ladobis faqti sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis niSnebs Sei-
cavs.
2012 wlis 12 ivnisis kanoniT, romelic imave wlis 25 iv-
niss amoqmedda, ganisazRvra sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasu-
xismgebloba ojaxSi Zaladobisa da ojaxuri danaSaulis Ca-
denisaTvis. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi mocemulia rogorc ojaxSi Zaladobis, ise ojaxu-
35 komentarebi konvenciis debulebebTan dakavSirebiT, evropis sabWo,

70, ix. https://bit.ly/2QbHokk [05.01.2021].
39
ri danaSaulis maregulirebeli zogadi da specialuri nor-
mebi, romlebic savaraudod Cadenili danaSaulis simZimis,
Sinaarsisa da damdgari Sedegis mixedviT gamoiyeneba.
cvlilebebis miRebas ZiriTad safuZvlad daedo 2011
wels stambulSi xelmowerili evropis sabWos konvencia da
aRiniSna, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis kriminalizacia, erTi
mxriv, xels Seuwyobda gamovlenil ojaxSi Zaladobis faq-
tebze Sesabamis reagirebas da, meore mxriv, uzrunvelyof-
da ojaxSi Zaladobis prevencias. aRniSnuli cvlilebebis
mizans aseve warmoadgenda nulovani tolerantobis dam-
kvidreba qalTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulisa da
ojaxSi Zaladobis mimarT.
cvlilebebis miRebisas aRiniSna, rom ojaxSi Zaladoba,
misi specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, qmedebis sistematuri bu-
nebiT xasiaTdeba, romlis gamovlenis mzardi dinamikidan
gamomdinare, umetes SemTxvevaSi Seicavs sxvadasxva danaSa-
ulis niSnebs. Tumca konkretulad ojaxSi Zaladobis, ro-
gorc danaSaulis, ararseboba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi
SeuZlebels xdida masze sisxlissamarTlebrivi reagirebis
ganxorcielebasa da „ojaxSi Zaladobis“, rogorc danaSau-
lis, Sesaxeb monacemTa Segrovebas. 36
Sesabamisad, cvlilebebis Sedegad, saerTaSoriso aqte-
bisa Tu instrumentebis suliskveTebis gaTvaliswinebasTan
erTad, konkretuli definiciebisa Tu normebis SemoRebiT
SesaZlebeli gaxda ojaxSi Zaladobaze, rogorc maRali sa-
zogadoebrivi saSiSroebis Semcvel qmedebaze, meti aqcen-
tis gakeTeba da Sesabamisi statistikuri informaciis Seg-
roveba arsebuli mdgomareobisa da dinamikis Sefasebis miz-
niT.
ojaxSi Zaladobisa da ojaxuri danaSaulis ganxilvisas
aucilebelia, gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes maTi buneba. aseTi
tipis danaSaulebs axasiaTebT sistematuroba da araer-
Tgzisoba. ojaxSi Zaladoba xSirad aris ara erTjeradi qme-
36 ganmartebiTi baraTi „saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi

cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze“, 1-2, ix.
https://bit.ly/3mJGIh5 [30.10.2020].
40
deba, aramed es aris procesi, romelic Sedgeba Zaladobis
ganmeorebadi ciklebisagan. ojaxSi Zaladoba droSi gaxan-
grZlivebulia da aqvs zrdis tendencia. Zaladobis faqtebi
droTa ganmavlobaSi ufro da ufro sistematuri da mZime
xdeba, rasac moyveba fataluri Sedegebic. 37
1.1 ojaxSi Zaladoba
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi calke Semadgenlobad gani-

sazRvra ojaxSi Zaladoba, romelic 1261 muxliT regulir-
deba.
1261 muxlis Tanaxmad, ojaxSi Zaladoba aris ojaxis erTi
wevris mier meoris mimarT Zaladoba, sistematuri Seurac-
xyofa, SantaJi, damcireba, ramac gamoiwvia fizikuri tkivi-
li an tanjva da rasac ar mohyolia sisxlis samarTlis ko-
deqsis 117-e, 118-e an 120-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli Sede-
gi.
aRniSnuli muxli aerTianebs or qmedebas – fizikur da
fsiqologiur Zaladobas.
definiciaSi miTiTebul sityva „ZaladobaSi“ unda movi-
azroT mxolod fizikuri Zaladoba, romelic SeiZleba ga-
moixatos cemaSi an sxvagvar ZaladobaSi, xolo sistematuri
Seuracxyofa, SantaJi an damcireba fsiqologiuri Zalado-
bis formebze miuTiTebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 126-e pri-
ma muxliT kvalifikaciisTvis sakmarisia, fizikur Zalado-
bas erTjeradi xasiaTi hqondes, xolo fsiqologiur Zala-
dobas danaSaulad kvalifikaciisTvis sWirdeba sistematu-
roba da misi erTjeradad ganxorcieleba ver mogvcems da-
naSaulis Semadgenlobas. Sesabamisad, am SemTxvevaSi termi-
ni „sistematuroba“ mxolod fsiqologiuri Zaladobis (Seu-
racxyofa, SantaJi an damcireba) maxasiaTebelia da kanoni
37 ganmartebiTi baraTi „saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi

cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze“, 2, ix.
https://bit.ly/38EHzKw [30.10.2020].
41
ar unda iqnes imgvarad gagebuli, rom ssk-is 126-e prima mux-
lis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli Zaladoba moicavs
rogorc erTjeradad ganxorcielebul qmedebas, ise siste-
matur Zaladobasac. aseve, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 126-
e muxlis 12 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, Tavisi
xasiaTisa da saSiSroebis (ssk-is 1261 muxliT gaTvaliswine-
buli danaSaulisgan gansxvavebiT, ssk-is 126-e muxlis 12 na-
wiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba dasjadia im SemTxvevaSic,
Tu sistematurma cemam an Zaladobam gamoiwvia janmrTelo-
bis msubuqi xarisxis dazianeba) gaTvaliswinebiT, ufro
mkacr sasjels iTvaliswinebs, vidre ssk-is 1261 muxlis pir-
veli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, rac damatebi-
Ti argumentia imisa, rom ssk-is 1261 muxlSi miTiTebuli Za-
ladoba ar moicavs sistematur Zaladobasac. 38
amdenad, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 126-e prima muxliT

gansazRvruli qmedebisaTvis aucilebelia Semdegi garemo-
ebebis erToblioba:
1. Zaladoba: fizikuri an fsiqologiuri;
2. Sedegi: Zaladobam unda gamoiwvios fizikuri tkivi-
li an tanjva, Zaladobis formis Sesabamisad;
38 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 13 dekembris №355ap-18

ganaCeni.
42
3. ar unda Seicavdes sxva danaSaulis niSnebs: ar unda
mohyves sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 117-e, 118-e an
122-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegi.
fizikuri Zaladoba gulisxmobs cemas an sxvagvar Zala-

dobas. cema niSnavs piris sxeulze erTdroulad ramden-
jerme dartymas uSualod qmedebis ganxorcielebis momen-
tSi (mag., saxeSi orjer gartyma, ramdenjerme fexis Cartyma
sxeulis erT an sxvadasxva adgilas da a.S.), xolo sxvagvari
Zaladoba gulisxmobs erTjerad ZalmomreobiT aqts/qmede-
bas (mag., saxeSi xelis gartyma, xelis kvra, Tmebis moqaCva,
fexis Cartyma da a.S.). miuxedavad imisa, Tu fizikuri Zala-
dobis romeli forma iqneba gamoyenebuli moZaladis mier,
aucilebelia, rom yvela SemTxvevaSi msxverplma ganicados
fizikuri tkivili.
rogorc saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo ganmartavs,
cema gamoixateba dazaralebulis sxeulze araerT dartyma-
Si, ramac SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios sxeulis anatomiuri
mTlianobis darRveva an mxolod fizikuri tkivili. swored
dartymebis raodenoba/intensivoba ganasxvavebs cemas
sxvagvari Zaladobisgan, romelic gamoixateba erTjerad
Zaladobriv qmedebaSi. cema an sxvagvari Zaladoba Sedegiani
deliqtia da misi SemadgenlobisTvis aucilebelia, rom su-
bieqtis qmedebiT dazaralebulma ganicados fizikuri tki-
vili, amasTan, ar unda gamoiwvios janmrTelobis msubuqi
dazianebac ki. 39
aseve, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom „gansaxilvel danaSa-
ulSi miTiTebuli „Zaladoba“ unda gavigoT rogorc cema da
sxvagvari Zaladoba, magram im gansxvavebiT, rom mas Sedegad
ar unda mohyves janmrTelobis msubuqi dazianebac ki. cema
Zaladobis erT-erTi saxea da niSnavs sxva piris sxeulze er-
Tdroulad ramdenime dartymas, rac dazaralebulis fizi-
kur tkivils iwvevs. sxvagvari Zaladoba imiT gansxvavdeba
cemisgan, rom igi SeiZleba gamoixatos erTjerad Zalmomre-
39 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 10 aprilis №792ap-19

ganaCeni.
43
obiT qmedebaSi/aqtSi (xelis gartyma, xelis kvra, fexis Car-
tyma, Tmebze moqaCva da a.S.). am SemTxvevaSic aucilebelia,
msxverplma ganicados fizikuri tkivili. Sesabamisad, gan-
saxilveli danaSaulis Sedegi aris is, rom msxverpli fizi-
kur tkivils grZnobs. igi SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes xeliT, fe-
xiT, raime mkvrivi sagniT da sxva. cema da sxvagvari Zalado-
ba xSirad tovebs garkveul kvals adamianis sxeulze. ker-
Zod, daJeJilobas, dalilavebas an mcire sisxlnaJRenTis
kvals, romelsac sasamarTlo-samedicino eqsperti aRniS-
navs daskvnaSi. Tumca zogjer cemis an/da sxvagvari Zalado-
bis Sedegad, SesaZloa, rom sxeuls, sxeulis zedapirs arana-
iri kvali ar daetyos. aseT SemTxvevaSi Zaladobis faqtis
dadgenis tvirTi mTlianad sasamarTlozea, romelic daey-
rdnoba msxverplisa da mowmis Cvenebebs, aseve saqmis sxva ga-
remoebebs“ 40.
fizikuri Zaladobis sxvadasxva formebis sailustraci-

od qvemoT mocemulia Sesabamisi magaliTebi
1. nasvam mdgomareobaSi myofma kacma meuRles ramdenjerme

gaartya xeli saxeSi, ramac am ukanasknelis fizikuri tkivi-
li gamoiwvia – aRniSnuli qmedeba unda Sefasdes, rogorc
fizikuri Zaladoba, kerZod, cema.
2. mamam mis arasrulwlovan Svils Zlierad moqaCa Tmebi, ra-

mac dazaralebulis fizikuri tkivili gamoiwvia – aRniSnu-
li qmedeba unda Sefasdes rogorc fizikuri Zaladoba, ker-
Zod, sxvagvari Zaladoba.
3. mamam arasrulwlovan Svils orjer gaartya xeli marjve-

na loyaSi. dartymis Sedegad dazaralebuli gadavarda ukan
40 zestafonis raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 11 oqtombris ganaCeni,

ix. xatiaSvili g., saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mniSvnelovani
ganmartebebi qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebul
saqmeebze, 2016-2018, 2019, 19-21, ix. https://bit.ly/2KYIhdM [30.10.2020].
44
da Tavi kedels miartya, am dros braldebulma mas marjvena
fexSi wixli amoartya. aRniSnulis Sedegad, dazaralebulma
ganicada fizikuri tkivili – aRniSnuli qmedeba unda Se-
fasdes rogorc fizikuri Zaladoba, rac gamoixata cemasa
(loyaSi xelis orjer gartyma) da sxvagvar ZaladobaSi (mar-
jvena fexSi wixlis amortyma).
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba gulisxmobs Seuracxyofas,

SantaJs da damcirebas, romelsac aqvs sistematuri xasiaTi
da Sedegad iwvevs tanjvas. Zaladobis sistematuroba gu-
lisxmobs drois mcire monakveTSi Cadenil orze met aqts,
romelic yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi individualurad,
saqmis garemoebebis mixedviT unda Sefasdes. amasTan, siste-
maturobis gamosakveTad konkretuli TariRebis miTiTebas
ar aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba. aseve, rogorc sasasamar-
Tlo ganmartavs: „sistematuri niSnavs drois xangrZlivi
periodis ganmavlobaSi qmedebebis ganxorcielebas intensi-
urad, ganmeorebiTobis garkveuli xarisxiT“ 41.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, siste-
maturoba ukavSirdeba Zaladobis ganxorcielebas garkveu-
li permanentulobiT, anu qmedeba meordeba gamudmebiT, ga-
nuwyvetliv da regularulad, rac qmnis garkveul sistemas.
am TvalsazrisiT, gameoreba, e.i. momdevno qmedeba minimum
orjer mainc unda iqnes Cadenili, raTa gamoikveTos sis-
tematurobis elementi da cxadi gaxdes, rom Zaladobas ga-
aCnia araerTgzisi recidivi. Sesabamisad, rodesac qmedebe-
bi drois intervaliT sakmaod daSorebulia erTmaneTisgan,
ar SeiZleba miviCnioT sistematurad. amdenad, sistematu-
roba gamokveTilia maSin, rodesac Zaladobriv qmedebebs
Soris arsebuli drois periodi imdenad xanmoklea, rom da-
41 zugdidis raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 8 noembris ganaCeni, ix. xa-

tiaSvili g., saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mniSvnelovani gan-
martebebi qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebul saqme-
ebze, 2016-2018, 2019, 126-129, ix. https://bit.ly/2KYIhdM [30.10.2020].
45
zaralebuli kvlav ganicdis pirveli qmedebiT miyenebul
zians. 42
kidev erT gadawyvetilebaSi, uzenaesi sasamarTlo Ca-
moTvlis sistematurobis kriteriumebs, kerZod, sistema-
tur Zaladobas axasiaTebs:
 Zaladobis permanentuloba – erTxel an orjer Ca-
denili Zaladoba SeuZlebelia iyos sistematuri, e.i.
momdevno qmedeba minimum orjer mainc unda iqnes Ca-
denili, raTa gamoikveTos sistematurobis elementi;
 drois mcire intervalebi – yoveli momdevno Zala-
dobis intervali ar unda iyos imdenad xangrZlivi,
rom gancdili tkivili ganeldes da veRar miaRwios
tanjvis xarisxs;
 intensivoba – Zaladobas unda hqondes xSiri, mudmi-
vi, uwyveti da regularuli xasiaTi. amasTan, sistema-
turi Zaladobis faqti unda Sefasdes individualu-
rad, yoveli konkretuli saqmis garemoebebis gaTva-
liswinebiT.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom sistematur Za-
ladobad ar Seafasa iseTi qmedeba, romelic pirvelad gan-
xorcielda maisis dasawyisSi, xolo meored – oqtombris bo-
lo ricxvebSi, anu TiTqmis eqvsi Tvis Semdeg. sasamarTlos
SefasebiT, es imdenad xangrZlivi periodia, rom pirvel Sem-
TxvevaSi Cadenili Zaladobrivi qmedebis xasiaTisa da xer-
xis (Sublis areSi xelis erTxel dartymis) gaTvaliswine-
biT, warmoudgenelia, gancdili fizikuri tkivili am xnis
ganmavlobaSi iseTi intensivobiT SenarCunebuliyo, rom mas
sistematuri ZaladobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli elferi See-
Zina, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac dazaralebulis ganmar-
tebiT, daaxloebiT ori kvira awuxebda tkivili. 43
42 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 29 maisis №733ap-18 ga-

naCeni.
43 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 5 maisis №747ap-18 gan-
Cineba.
46
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adgili hqonda erTjerad, Tumca mZime
xasiaTisa da intensivobis damamcirebel mopyrobas, qmedeba
SesaZlebelia dakvalificirdes sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-
sis 1443 muxliT, kerZod, damamcirebeli an araadamianuri
mopyroba, e.i. piris damcireba an iZuleba, araadamianur, pa-
tivisa da Rirsebis Semlaxav mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba, rac
mas Zlier fizikur, fsiqikur tkivils an moralur tanjvas
ayenebs.
fsiqologiuri Zaladobis sailustraciod qvemoT moce-

mulia Sesabamisi magaliTi
oliveri da izabela ramdenime wlis win daqorwindnen. bo-

lo periodSi mamakaci gansakuTrebuli agresiiT gamoirCeva
colis mimarT. kerZod, rodesac saxlSi nasvami brundeba,
izabelas ayenebs sityvier Seuracxyofas – lanZRavs da eub-
neba, rom arafris maqnisi, gaunaTlebeli da sulelia. es
xdeba kviraSi erTxel an orjer, xolo TveSi – ramdenjerme.
amis gamo izabela itanjeba da misTvis damTrgunvelia amis
mosmena.
rac Seexeba Zaladobis Sedegad tkivilisa da tanjvis ga-

mowvevas, aRniSnuli warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-
sis 126-e prima muxliT gansazRvruli qmedebis savaldebu-
lo elements. Sesabamisad, dazaralebulisgan mniSvnelova-
nia imis garkveva, man Zaladobis Sedegad ganicada Tu ara
tkivili an tanjva.
tkivili iwvevs usiamovno SegrZnebas da dakavSirebulia
qsovilis realur an potenciur dazianebasTan, xolo fsiqi-
kuri tanjva gulisxmobs usiamovno grZnobiT gamowveul
wvalebas, xangrZliv da autanel wuxils. 44
44 zugdidis raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 8 noembris ganaCeni, ix. xa-

47
zogjer arasworad miiCneva, rom fizikuri tkivili an
tanjva mxolod dazaralebulis mxridan gakeTebuli Sefa-
sebis mixedviT unda dadgindes, anu emyarebodes dazarale-
bulis subieqtur Sefasebas imis Taobaze, rom man ganicada
fizikuri tkivili an tanjva, rac ar aris erTaderTi da sak-
marisi kriteriumi da yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda
Sefasdes piri obieqturad ganicdida Tu ara fizikur tki-
vils an fsiqikur tanjvas. mag., Tu dazaralebuli ganacxa-
debs, rom Zaladobis Sedegad ar ganucdia fizikuri tkivi-
li, sasamarTlo ar unda SeizRudos dazaralebulis ganmar-
tebiT da Tavad unda Seafasos, mocemul SemTxvevaSi gan-
xorcielebuli Zaladoba Tavisi xasiaTiTa da xarisxiT obi-
eqturad gamoiwvevda Tu ara adamianSi tkivilis SegrZne-
bas. 45
Sesabamisad, ganicada Tu ara dazaralebulma tkivili an
tanjva, unda Sefasdes rogorc subieqturi, ise obieqturi
kriteriumebiT.
rogorc sasamarTlo ganmartavs, mxolod fizikuri tki-
vilis subieqturi aRqma ar SeiZleba iyos danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis ganmsazRvreli (mag., 10-12 Tvis bavSvis an im bavSvis
mimarT, romelsac, asakidan gamomdinare, jer ar SeuZlia sa-
ubari). sasamarTlos azriT, Zaladoba aris Tu ara fizikuri
tkivilis gamomwvevi, unda Sefasdes ara marto subieqturi,
aramed obieqturi kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT. winaaR-
mdeg SemTxvevaSi, gamodis, rom fizikuri tkivilis miyenebis
faqtis dadgena nebismier SemTxvevaSi obieqturad SeuZle-
beli iqneba, radgan mcirewlovani bavSvebis absoluturi
umravlesoba verbalurad ver gamoTqvams emociebsa da
grZnobebs. 46
45 koWlamazaSvili b., „ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebis ganxilvis Tavisebu-

rebani sasamarTloSi“, samarTlis Jurnali „sisxlis samarTlis aqtu-
aluri sakiTxebi“, №2, 2017, 54-55.
46 rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 21 ivnisis ganaCeni, ix. xa-
48
zemoaRniSnulis garda, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
126-e prima muxliT kvalifikaciisTvis aucilebelia, rom
Zaladobas Sedgad ar mohyves amave kodeqsis 117-e, 118-e an
120-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegi, kerZod, janmrTe-
lobis mZime, naklebad mZime an msubuqi dazianeba.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 126-e prima muxli moicavs
xuT damamZimebel garemoebas, kerZod, ojaxSi Zaladobis Ca-
dena:
a) winaswari SecnobiT arasrulwlovnis, umweo mdgomare-
obaSi myofis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piris
an orsuli qalis mimarT;
b) arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT misive ojaxis wevris
mimarT;
g) ori an meti piris mimarT;
d) jgufurad;
e) araerTgzis.
aRniSnul garemoebebs Soris gansakuTrebuli yuradRe-

bis gamaxvilebaa saWiro iseT SemTxvevebze, rodesac ojaxSi
Zaladobis Cadena xdeba arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT mi-
sive ojaxis wevris mimarT. rogorc sasamarTlo ganmartavs,
SesaZloa, ojaxSi Zaladobis Cadenam arasrulwlovnis Tan-
daswrebiT savalalo zemoqmedeba iqonios mis fsiqikasa da
Semdgom ganviTarebaze, vinaidan ojaxSi Zaladoba negatiur
gavlenas axdens bavSvze, ungrevs mas stabilurobisa da
usafrTxoebis gancdas. 47 xsenebuli kvalifikaciiT danaSau-
lis Semadgenloba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac Zaladoba mimarTu-
lia ara uSualod arasrulwlovnis, aramed misi Tandaswre-
biT moZaladis ojaxis wevris mimarT, xolo Zaladobis Sem-
swre bavSvi aris dazaralebulis ojaxis wevri, anu Zalado-
ba unda ganxorcieldes arasrulwlovnis ojaxis wevris mi-
marT arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT.
rogorc sasamarTlo ganmartavs, saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 126-e prima muxlis me-2 nawilis „b“ qve-
47 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 13 dekemberis №367ap.-

17 ganaCeni.
49
punqtis sakanonmdeblo konstruqciidan gamomdinare, auci-
lebelia, rom am danaSaulis subieqti da obieqti iyvnen
ojaxis wevrebi. xsenebuli muxlis obieqturi mxare gamoixa-
teba ojaxis erTi wevris mier meoris mimarT ganxorciele-
bul marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebaSi. Sesabamisad, swored
„moZalade“ da „Zaladobis msxverpli“ unda iyvnen erTi oja-
xis wevrebi da ara „arasrulwlovani“ da am ukanasknelis
ojaxis wevri. 48
ojaxSi Zaladobis erT-erT saqmeze, romelic arasrul-
wlovnis TandaswrebiT iyo Cadenili, dacvis mxarem ganaCe-
nis uzenaes sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebisas aRniSna, rom aras-
rulwlovans xelovnurad mieniWa dazaralebulis statusi,
vinaidan sasamarTloSi gakeTebuli ganmartebiT Zaladobis
Sedegad mas ziani ar misdgomia. aRniSnul mosazrebas ar da-
eTanxma sakasacio palata da miiCnia, rom bavSvs, romelic
erTi mSoblis mxridan meoris mimarT Zaladobis Semswrea,
adgeba mniSvnelovani moraluri ziani, miuxedavad imisa, ac-
nobierebs Tu ara Tavad arasrulwlovani am zianis xasiaTsa
da SesaZlo Sedegebs. 49
mniSvnelovania, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1261
muxli ganvasxvavoT amave kodeqsis 126-e muxlisgan. ojaxu-
ri danaSaulis miznebisaTvis ssk-is 126-e muxlis gamoyeneba
mxolod maSin aris relevanturi, rodesac fizikur Zala-
dobas aqvs sistematuri xasiaTi.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 126-e muxlis
pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, dasjad qmedebas warmoadgens ce-
ma an sxvagvari Zaladoba, romelmac dazaralebulis fizi-
kuri tkivili gamoiwvia, magram ar mohyolia am kodeqsis
120-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegi. am SemTxvevaSi qme-
deba xorcieldeba im pirebs Soris, romlebic erTmaneTis
ojaxis wevrebi ar arian. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ojaxis erTi wev-
ri meore wevris mimarT ganaxorcielebs zemoaRniSnul Se-
48 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2016 wlis 24 oqtombris №403ap-

16 ganCineba.
49 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 2 ivnisis №24ap-20 gan-
Cineba.
50
madgenlobas, kvalifikacia moxdeba saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 1261 muxliT, rogorc specialuri nor-
miT da ara 126-e muxliT (126-e da 126-e prima muxlebis pir-
veli nawilebi erTmaneTis msgavsia fizikuri Zaladobis na-
wilSi, Tumca, Tu aRniSnul qmedebas adgili hqonda ojaxis
wevrebs Soris, gamoiyeneba specialuri muxli).
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom 126-e muxlis 11 nawilis
Tanaxmad, danaSauls warmoadgens sistematuri cema an
sxvagvari Zaladoba, romelmac gamoiwvia piris fizikuri an
fsiqikuri tanjva, magram ar mohyolia saqarTvelos sis-
xlis samarTlis kodeqsis 117-e an 118-e muxliT gaTvaliswi-
nebuli Sedegi. Sesabamisad, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ojaxis erTi
wevri sistematur fizikur Zaladobas ganaxorcielebs oja-
xis meore wevrze, qmedebis kvalifikacia moxdeba 111-126-e
muxlis 12 nawiliT da ara 1261 muxliT, vinaidan es ukanaskne-
li veRar gamodgeba sistematuri fizikuri Zaladobis Sesa-
faseblad.
amdenad, ojaxis wevris mimarT sistematuri fizikuri
Zaladobis dros qmedebis kvalifikacia unda moxdes saqar-
Tvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 111-126-e muxlis 12 na-
wiliT.
aucilebeli ar aris, ramdenime fizikuri Zaladobis ar-
sebobis SemTxvevaSi, msxverpli miuTiTebdes Zaladobis gan-
xorcielebis konkretul TariRebsa da droebs, sakmarisia,
Zaladobis ganxorcielebis periodis dadgena. im SemTxveva-
Si, Tu adgili aqvs fizikuri Zaladobis or an met dadastu-
rebul faqts, qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes danaSaulTa
erTobliobiT (ssk-is 1261 muxlis ori an meti epizodi).
sistematurobis garda, imisaTvis, rom qmedeba dakvali-
ficirdes sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 111-126-e muxlis 12
nawiliT, savaldebuloa, rom sistematurma cemam an sxvag-
varma Zaladobam gamoiwvios dazaralebulis fizikuri tki-
vili an fsiqikuri tanjva, xolo gamoiwvia Tu ara piris qme-
debebma tanjva, es sakiTxi, saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi-
dan gamomdinare, warmoadgens sasamarTlos Sefasebis sa-
gans. uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, sasurveli da uke-
51
Tesia, Tuki braldebis mxare dazaralebuls Cautarebs sa-
samarTlo-fsiqologiur eqspertizas da warmoadgens Sesa-
bamis daskvnas, magram, amavdroulad, raTa dadgindes piris
ukanono qmedebebma gamoiwvia Tu ara dazaralebulis tan-
jva, aucilebeli ar aris sasamarTlo-fsiqologiuri eq-
spertizis daskvnis arseboba da es sakiTxi warmoadgens sa-
samarTlos Sefasebis sagans – saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebe-
bidan da warmodgenili mtkicebulebebis analizidan gamom-
dinare. amasTan, rogorc sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, mxolod is
faqti, rom dazaralebuli xandazmulia da ojaxis wevri
sistematurad Zaladobda masze, ar aris sakmarisi imis da-
sadgenad, misma qmedebebma gamoiwvia Tu ara tanjva da, Sesa-
bamisad, am SemTxvevaSi ver moxdeba piris damnaSaved cnoba
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 111-126-e muxlis 12-li nawi-
liT. 50
sainteresoa, fsiqologiuri tanjvisa da safuZvliani
SiSis urTierTgamijvnis sakiTxi. rig SemTxvevebSi kanon-
mdebeli danaSaulis erT-erT mniSvnelovan elementad miiC-
nevs dazaralebulSi SiSis grZnobis gaCenas. mag., sisxlis sa-
marTlis kodeqsis 151-e muxliT kvalifikacias kanonmdebe-
li ukavSirebs muqaris ganxorcielebis SiSs da ara fsiqo-
logiur tanjvas. kerZod, pirs, romelsac emuqrebian, unda
gauCndes muqaris ganxorcielebis safuZvliani SiSi. qmede-
bis muqarad dakvalificirebisaTvis savaldebulo ar aris,
dazaralebulma ganicados fsiqologiuri tanjva, rac iw-
vevs adamianis nervuli sistemis iseT moSlas, rom igi didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi kargavs sulier simSvides da iwvevs suli-
er gancdas – wvalebas. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo-fsiqolo-
giuri eqspertizis daskvniT, romelic fsiqologiuri tan-
jvis arsebobas adgens, ar aris relevanturi imis Sefaseba,
pirs gauCnda Tu ara muqaris ganxorcielebis safuZvliani
SiSi.
50 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 5 aprilis №617ap-18 ga-

naCeni.
52
rogorc sasamarTlom erT-erT saqmeSi aRniSna, levan
samxaraulis saxelobis sasamarTlos eqspertizis erovnu-
li biuros sasamarTlo-fsiqologiuri eqspertizis das-
kvna, romlis Tanaxmad, dazaralebulma ar ganicada fsiqo-
logiuri tanjva, qmedebis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 151-
e muxliT kvalifikaciis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, ararele-
vanturi iyo. amdenad, sasamarTlos SefasebiT, qmedebis ssk-
is 151-e muxliT dakvalificirebisTvis gadamwyveti mniSvne-
loba eniWeba dazaralebulis Cvenebas. imavdroulad, gauC-
nda Tu ara dazaralebuls Zaladobis ganxorcielebis sa-
fuZvliani SiSi, SeuZlebelia dadgindes eqspertizis das-
kvniT, aRniSnuli unda Sefasdes obieqturi da subieqturi
kriteriumebis safuZvelze. 51
1.2 ojaxuri danaSauli
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ojaxis wevrebs Soris Zaladoba/dana-

Sauli gascda sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 126-e prima mux-
lis Semadgenlobas, qmedeba dakvalificirdeba adamianis
sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis an sxva samarTlebrivi sike-
Tis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis zogadi muxlebiT.
Tumca imisaTvis, rom aRniSnuli Sefasdes ojaxur danaSau-
lad, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabamis
muxlTan erTad keTdeba miTiTeba amave kodeqsis zogadi na-
wilis me-11 prima muxlze, romliTac gansazRvrulia pasu-
xismgebloba ojaxuri danaSaulisaTvis.
me-11 prima muxlSi CamoTvlilia sxvadasxva danaSauli,
romlebic SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes ojaxSi. aRniSnuli xels
uwyobs marTlmsajulebis organoebs, zustad da konkretu-
lad gansazRvron, romeli SemTxvevaa da romel viTarebaSi
unda mianiWon konkretul qmedebas ojaxuri danaSaulis
kvalifikacia.
51 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 4 seqtemberis №377ap-

20 ganCineba; Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 31 ianvris
№1b/11-20 ganaCeni.
53
111 muxlis Tanaxmad, ojaxuri danaSauli niSnavs ojaxis
erTi wevris mier ojaxis sxva wevris mimarT sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis 109-e, 115-e, 117-e, 118-e, 120-e, 126-e, 1331,
1332, 137-e-141-e, 143-e, 144-e-1443, 149-e-1511, 160-e, 171-e, 187-
e, 253-e-2551, 3811 da 3812 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
Saulis Cadenas. ojaxuri danaSaulisaTvis sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ganisazRvreba am muxlSi aRniS-
nuli saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamisi
muxliT, am muxlze miTiTebiT.
ojaxuri danaSaulis kvalifikaciis sailustraciod qve-

moT mocemulia Sesabamisi magaliTebi
1. mamakaci meuRles sistematurad ayenebda sityvier Seu-

racxyofas, amcirebda mis pativsa da Rirsebas. amis gamo
dazaralebulma scada TviTmkvleloba – aRniSnuli qme-
deba dakvalificirdeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
115-e muxliT, 111 muxlze miTiTebiT (111-115).
2. braldebulma, danis gamoyenebiT, Tavis meuRles miayena
janmrTelobis ganzrax naklebad mZime dazianeba – aRniS-
nuli dakvalificirdeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
118-e muxliT, 111 muxlze miTiTebiT (111-118).
aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gansaz-

Rvruli calkeuli danaSaulebi damamZimebeli garemoebis
saxiT iTvaliswinebs qmedebis Cadenas ojaxis wevris mimarT.
aseT danaSaulebs ganekuTvneba: sisxlis samarTlis ko-
deqsis 109-e, 117-e, 120-e, 137-e, 138-e, 139-e, 151-e, 253-e,
254-e, 255-e da 2551 muxlebi. aRniSnuli damamZimebeli gare-
moeba kanonmdeblobaSi sxvadasxva dros ganxorcielebuli
cvlilebebis Sedegad ganisazRvra. TiToeuli es muxli
gvxvdeba me-11 prima muxlis CamonaTvalSic. amitom, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom aRniSnuli muxlebis damamZimebeli garemo-
eba moicavs ojaxis wevris mimarT Cadenil danaSauls, Sesa-
bamisi punqtis gamoyenebasTan erTad, mainc unda mieTiTos
111 muxli. mag., Tu ojaxis erTi wevri meores daemuqra si-
54
cocxlis mospobiT, janmrTelobis dazianebiT an/da qone-
bis ganadgurebiT da mas gauCnda muqaris ganxorcielebis
safuZvliani SiSi, qmedeba dakvalificirdeba ssk-is 151-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis „d“ qvepunqtiT, rogorc ojaxis wevris
mimarT ganxorcielebuli muqara, me-11 prima muxlze miTi-
TebiT (111-151-2 „d“).
sakanonmdeblo clvilebebamde ojaxis wevris ganzrax
mkvlelobis kvalifikacia ganisazRvreboda ssk-is 108-e
muxliT, me-11 prima muxlze miTiTebiT. mas Semdeg, rac oja-
xis wevris ganzrax mkvleloba gaTvaliswinebul iqna ssk-is
109-e muxlis damamZimebel garemoebad, me-11 prima muxlSi
arsebuli ojaxuri danaSaulebis CamonaTvlidan moxda ssk-
is 108-e muxlis amoReba. amdenad, ojaxis wevris mimarT Ca-
denili mkvleloba aRar mogvcems e.w. martivi mkvlelobis
Semadgenlobas.
me-11 prima muxlis SeniSvnis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis 109-e, 115-e, 117-e, 118-e, 120-e, 126-e, 1261, 137-
e-139-e, 141-e, 143-e da 144-e-1443 gaTvaliswinebuli ojaxuri
danaSauli araerTgzis Cadenilad CaiTvleba, Tu mas win us-
wrebda 126-e prima muxliT an romelime sxva zemoaRniSnuli
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli ojaxuri danaSaulis Cadena.
Tumca aRniSnul SeniSvnaSi gamorCenilia sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis 108-e muxli. Sesabamisad, Tu warsulSi piri
gasamarTlebuli iyo ojaxuri niSniT Cadenili mkvlelobi-
saTvis (ssk-is 108-e muxliT manam, sanam ojaxis wevris mkvle-
loba ssk-is 109-e muxlis damamZimebeli garemoeba gaxdebo-
da), mis mier SeniSvnaSi miTiTebuli romelime muxliT gaT-
valiswinebuli danaSaulis Cadena ver mogvcems ojaxuri
danaSaulis araerTgzisobas.
1.3 femicidi – genderis niSniT Cadenili qalis

mkvleloba
femicidi aris mkvleloba, romlis msxverplic aris qali

da romelic xdeba qalis genderTan dakavSirebuli motiviT.
Sesabamisad, femicidi aris genderuli danaSauli, romelic
55
struqturuli uTanasworobisa da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis
Sedegia. 52 Sesabamisad, femicidad iTvleba qalis mkvleloba
im mizeziT, rom is qalia.
femicidis, rogorc terminis, sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
definicia da ganmarteba ar arsebobs, Tumca laTino-ameri-
kuli oqmis ganmartebaze dayrdnobiTa da saqarTveloSi Ca-
denili qalTa mkvlelobebis bunebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Se-
saZloa gamoyenebul iqnes femicidis Semdegi definicia:
„femicidi – genderis niSniT Cadenili qalis mkvleloba, anu
qalis mkvleloba, romlis Cadenis motivi an konteqsti kav-
SirSia qalis mimarT genderul ZaladobasTan, diskrimina-
ciasa da qalis daqvemdebarebul rolTan, rac gamoixateba
qalze uflebebis qonis surviliT, qalTan SedarebiT upira-
tesi mdgomareobiT, qalis mimarT mesakuTruli damokide-
bulebiT, misi qcevis kontroliT an genderTan dakavSire-
buli sxva mizeziT, aseve, qalis TviTmkvlelobamde miyvana
zemoaRniSnuli mizezebiT“ 53.
ra Tqma unda, qalis mkvlelobis faqti avtomaturad ar
niSnavs imas, rom Cadenilia femicidi. qalis mkvlelobis fe-
micidad Sesafaseblad aucilebelia, qalis mkvleloba gen-
ders ukavSirdebodes da misi Cadenis motivi ukavSirdebo-
des genderul Zaladobas an genderuli niSniT diskrimina-
cias.
femicidisgan gansxvavebiT, termini „feminicidi“ aRniS-
navs saxelmwifos umoqmedobas qalTa mkvlelobebTan mimar-
TebiT. kerZod, rodesac saxelmwifos ar aqvs politikuri
neba, moaxdinos amgvari msgavsi danaSaulebis gamoZieba da
damnaSaveTa dasja. 54
52 dekanosiZe T., femicidis saqmeebis ganaCenebi 2014, saqarTvelos axal-

gazrda iuristTa asociacia, 2016, 5, ix. https://bit.ly/3tea7Uy [30.10.2020].
gazrda iuristTa asociacia, 2016, 10, ix. https://bit.ly/3tea7Uy [30.10.2020].
gazrda iuristTa asociacia, 2016, 9-10, ix. https://bit.ly/3tea7Uy
[30.10.2020].
56
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba femicids, rogorc calke
mdgom danaSauls, ar icnobs, Tumca 2018 wlis 30 noembris
kanoniT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis calkeul muxlebSi
genderis niSniT Cadenili danaSauli, maT Soris, ganzrax
mkvleloba, ganisazRvra pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel ga-
remoebad.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxli, romelic gan-
sazRvravs pasuxismgeblobas damamZimebel garemoebebSi Ca-
denili ganzrax mkvlelobisaTvis, erT-erT damamZimebel
garemoebad iTvaliswinebs danaSaulis Cadenas genderis
niSniT – ssk-is 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „d1“ qvepunqti.
ganzrax mkvlelobis garda, genderis niSniT Cadenili
danaSaulebis damamZimebel garemoebad aRiareba moxda iseT
muxlebTan mimarTebiT, rogorebicaa: TviTmkvlelobamde
miyvana (muxli 115) da janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime daziane-
ba (muxli 117).
Sesabamisad, Tu qalis mkvleloba an misi TviTmkvlelo-
bamde an mis cdamde miyvana moxda genderuli diskriminaci-
is motiviT, danaSaulis kvalifikacia ganisazRvreba ara
adamianis sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis zo-
gadi konteqstiT, aramed zemoaRniSnuli romelime muxliT,
Sesabamis damamZimebel garemoebaze miTiTebiT.
1.4 gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Ta-

viseburebebi
ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebi, rogorc wesi, gamoirCeva

mtkicebulebaTa simwiriT, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac
dazaralebuli uars ambobs Cvenebis micemaze moZalade
ojaxis wevris winaaRmdeg.
ojaxSi Zaladobisa da ojaxuri danaSaulis saqmeebze
pirdapiri mtkicebulebebis mopoveba sakmaod rTulia.
mtkicebulebebis mopovebas arTulebs is garemoebac, rom
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi mowmes
uflebas aZlevs, ar misces Cveneba, romelic danaSaulis Ca-
57
denaSi amxels mas an mis axlo naTesavs. 55 swored am motiviT,
srulyofili gamoZiebis Catarebis pirobebSic ki, bralde-
bis mxare obieqturad moklebulia SesaZleblobas, mravlad
moipovos da sasamarTlos warudginos aRniSnuli kategori-
is saqmeebze danaSaulebrivi faqtis damadasturebeli pir-
dapiri mtkicebulebebi. 56
rogorc sasamarTlo ganmartavs, dazaralebulis mier
sasamarTlosTvis Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma, garda imisa,
rom misi kanonieri uflebaa, SeiZleba aixsnas iseTi movle-
niT, rogoric aris „stokholmis sindromi“, simpaTiisa da
mizidulobis paradoqsuli reaqcia, romelic msxverpls ag-
resoris mimarT axasiaTebs. am meqanizms agresorTan iden-
tifikacia ewodeba da moqmedebs maSin, rodesac am iracio-
naluri poziciis gasamyareblad moZalade aRiqmeba rogorc
simpaTiuri da kargi adamiani, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mas-
Tan identifikacia gaZneldeba. sasamarTlo dazaralebu-
lis qcevas, ar misces Cveneba axlo naTesavis winaaRmdeg, mo-
Zaladeze finansuri da materialuri damokidebulebiTac
xsnis. kerZod, dazaralebulebi, romlebsac hyavT arasrul-
wlovani Svilebi da ara aqvT damoukidebeli Semosavali,
bavSvebis gamokvebis motiviT, iZulebulebi arian, Tavi
msxverplad Seswiron moZalades da uari Tqvan Cvenebis mi-
cemaze. mosamarTle yuradRebas amaxvilebs moZaladisgan
momdinare SurisZiebis SiSzec, vinaidan Zalian xSirad moZa-
lade dazaralebuls adanaSaulebs da sayvedurobs polici-
isaTvis mimarTvis gamo. 57 sasamarTlo aseve aRniSnavs, rom
sasamarTlo ganxilvisas Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma SeiZ-
55 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 49, nawili

1, punqti – `d~.
56 Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 2 agvistos ganaCeni, ix. xa-
57 rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 21 ivnisis ganaCeni, ix. xa-
58
leba mravali mizeziT iyos ganpirobebuli, maT Soris, mowme
an/da dazaralebuli SeiZleba misi ojaxis wevrisaTvis sis-
xlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan aridebas
cdilobdes, ris gamoc, misi mier gamokiTxvis dros miwode-
buli informaciis utyuaroba saqmeSi arsebuli yvela faq-
tobrivi garemoebisa da mtkicebulebis detaluri analizis
safuZvelze unda Sefasdes. amasTan, mowmis/dazaralebulis
mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma ar gulisxmobs mowmis ax-
lo naTesavis gamarTlebas wardgenil braldebaSi. 58
am yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiT, samarTalwarmoebis yve-
la etapze mniSvnelovania savaraudo msxverplTan/dazara-
lebulTan aqtiuri komunikacia da misi ndobis mopoveba.
gamoZiebis etapze savaraudo msxverplis pirvelive gamo-
kiTxva unda iyos maqsimalurad amomwuravi da srulyofili,
raTa saWiro aRar gaxdes misi xelaxali gamokiTxva. gamoZie-
bis etapze, savaraudo msxverplis ganmeorebiT gamokiTxva
unda moxdes mxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi, raime axali ga-
remoebis an faqtebis dafiqsirebis mizniT. saWiroebisas ga-
momZiebelma/prokurorma unda ganixilos saqmeSi mowmisa da
dazaralebulis koordinatoris CarTvis sakiTxi, romelic
daexmareba msxverpls danaSaulis Sedegad gamowveuli pir-
veladi stresis SemcirebaSi da gaumartivebs samarTalwar-
moebis, maT Soris, sxvadasxva sagamoZiebo Tu saproceso
moqmedebaSi monawileobas. 2019 wlis 20 seqtembris kanoniT
ganisazRvra, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis an ojaxuri danaSaulis
saqmeze braldebulis axlo naTesavs, romelsac uSualod
miadga am danaSaulis Sedegad moraluri, fizikuri an qo-
nebrivi ziani, Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebiT sar-
geblobamde, dakiTxvis Camtarebelma pirma unda SesTavazos
mowmisa da dazaralebulis koordinatorTan konsultaciis
gavla da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis miRebamde 3-dRiani mo-
safiqrebeli vadiT sargebloba. aRniSnulis mizania ojaxSi
Zaladobisa da ojaxuri danaSaulis sisxlis samarTlis saq-
meebze Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis saTanado informaciis
58 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 3 Tebervlis №766ap-19

ganCineba.
59
miwodeba arsebuli servisebisa da maTi mxridan gamoZiebas-
Tan TanamSromlobis an TanamSromlobaze uaris Tqmis Se-
saZlo samarTlebrivi Sedegebis Sesaxeb. es aZlevs SesaZ-
leblobas dazaralebuls, rom mowmisa da dazaralebulis
koordinatorisgan miRebuli informaciisa da daxmarebis
Semdeg miiRos gacnobierebuli gadawyvetileba. 59
sasamarTlo procesze saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros
dazaralebulis mxridan axlo naTesavis mamxilebeli Cvene-
bis micemaze uaris Tqma ar niSnavs mis mier gamoZiebis etap-
ze miwodebul informaciaSi moyvanili faqtobrivi garemo-
ebebis uaryofas. ojaxuri danaSaulis specifikidan gamom-
dinare, dazaralebulis Cvenebis ararsebobis an saqmis masa-
lebSi braldebulis mimarT dazaralebulis pretenziis
ararsebobis damadasturebeli dokumentis arsebobis Sem-
TxvevaSi braldebulis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi unda ga-
dawydes saqmeSi arsebuli sxva mtkicebulebebis safuZvel-
ze. 60
aRniSnuli kategoriis saqmeTa warmoebis specifikis
gaTvaliswinebiT, braldebis mxarem meti ZalisxmeviT unda
moipovos da Sekribos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastu-
rebs wardgenil braldebas, raTa, erTi mxriv, igi ar iyos
damokidebuli procesis monawileebis mier mowmis imunite-
tis gamoyenebaze – axlo naTesavis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis mice-
maze uaris Tqmis uflebiT sargeblobaze da, meore mxriv, ar
gamoiwvios dazaralebulTa meoreuli viqtimizacia da un-
dobloba arsebuli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis efeqtiano-
bisadmi. 61
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu savaraudo msxverpli miuTiTebs mis
mimarT Cadenil fizikur Zaladobaze, aucilebelia, rom da-
iniSnos sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertiza, raTa Sefasdes
59
ganmartebiTi baraTi saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze „saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesa-
xeb“, 1-2, ix. https://bit.ly/2R2Mdgq [30.10.2020].
60 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 27 maisis №145ap-19 gan-
Cineba.
61 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 10 ivnisis №304ap-20
ganCineba.
60
dazianebis xarisxi, xolo savaraudo msxverpli eqsperti-
zaze wardgenili unda iqnes droulad, pirvelive SesaZleb-
lobisTanave. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msxverpli ambobs, rom Za-
ladobis Semdeg mkurnalobas gadioda romelime samedicino
dawesebulebaSi, mniSvnelovania, gamoTxovili iqnes misi sa-
medicino/janmrTelobis istoria.
ojaxSi Zaladobisa da ojaxuri danaSaulis saqmeSi mniS-
vnelovania neitraluri mowmeebis gamokiTxva. xSirad aseT
mowmeebad gvevlinebian mezoblebi da axloblebi, an is pire-
bi, romlebTanac msxverpls aqvs pirvelive komunikacia Za-
ladobis Cadenis faqtidan Zalian male. es pirebi SeiZleba
ar iyvnen faqtis uSualo Semswreebi, Tumca flobdnen in-
formacias savaraudo moZaladisa da msxverplis urTier-
Tobis Sesaxeb (mag., rodesme smeniaT Tu ara SesaZlo Zala-
dobis Sesaxeb) an savaraudo Zaladobis faqtTan hqondaT
myisieri Semxebloba (savaraudo danaSaulis Cadenidan ma-
leve) da detalurad gadmoscemen dazaralebulis fsiqo-
emociur mdgomareobas. 62 amdenad, mniSvnelovania im pirTa
gamokiTxvac, romlebic, marTalia, uSualod ar Seswrebian
danaSaulis Cadenis faqts, magram Seeswrnen misi Semdgomi
movlenebis ganviTarebas da SeuZliaT gamoZiebas miawodon
informacia garemoebebze, romlebic uSualod dainaxes. 63
aseT SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa, rom mowmis Cveneba nawilob-
riv iyos iribi, xolo nawilobriv – pirdapiri. mag., qalma me-
gobars uambo, rogor iZalada masze qmarma. megobris mier
micemuli Cveneba qalis monayolis Sesaxeb iqneba iribi Cve-
neba, Tumca im nawilSi, romelic aRwers msxverplis emoci-
ur mdgomareobas, maT Soris, miuTiTebs qalze arsebuli da-
zianebebis kvals, iqneba pirdapiri. amdenad, Tuki Cveneba Se-
62 mag., ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 28 aprilis ganaCe-

ni, xatiaSvili g., saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mniSvnelovani
63 mag., ix. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 23 martis ganaCe-
ni, xatiaSvili g., saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mniSvnelovani
61
icavs ara mxolod dazaralebulis mier miwodebul infor-
macias, aramed, mowmis mier sakuTari TvaliT nanaxsac (mag.,
dazaralebuli naxa, romelsac dazianebebi hqonda an daxeu-
li tansacmeli ecva), aseTi informacia calsaxad iribad
ver miiCneva da igi, garkveul garemoebebTan mimarTebiT,
unda Sefasdes rogorc pirdapiri.
rodesac dazaralebuli uars ambobs Cvenebis micemaze,
sasamarTlos zogjer swored mowmeTa amgvar Cvenebebsa da
sxva mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT gamoaqvs gamamtyunebe-
li ganaCeni.
mowmeTa Cvenebebis garda mniSvnelovania werilobi-
Ti/nivTieri mtkicebulebebis mopovebac, romlebic adas-
turebs savaraudo damnaSavis mier danaSaulis Cadenas an
exeba saqmes (mag., moZaladis mier msxverplTan miwerili
Setyobinebebi).
rogorc sasamarTlo erT-erT ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeze
ganmartavs, gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis arseboba, rac
gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamosatanad aris saWiro, ar gu-
lisxmobs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi mtkicebulebaTa siux-
ves, aramed saWiroa, arsebobdes wonadi da damajerebeli
mtkicebulebebis erToblioba, romelTa urTierTSejereba
da ara maTi ganyenebulad Sefaseba gonivrul da obieqtur
adamians daarwmunebda piris braleulobaSi. 64
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 531 muxli iTvaliswinebs pa-
suxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoebebs, romlebsac gan-
sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Za-
ladobis/ojaxuri danaSaulis saqmeebis gamoZiebisas.
aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis Cadena rasis, ka-
nis feris, enis, sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciis, genderis,
genderuli identobis, asakis, religiis, politikuri an sxva
Sexedulebis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis, moqalaqeobis,
erovnuli, eTnikuri an socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSo-
bis, qonebrivi an wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli
adgilis an diskriminaciis Semcveli sxva niSniT Seuwynareb-
64 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 3 ianvris №394ap-17 gan-

Cineba.
62
lobis motiviT aris pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli gare-
moeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli yve-
la Sesabamisi danaSaulisaTvis. aseve, pasuxismgeblobis da-
mamZimebeli garemoebebia: danaSaulis Cadena ojaxis erTi
wevris mier ojaxis sxva wevris mimarT, umweo mdgomareobaSi
myofis mimarT, arasrulwlovnis mimarT an misi Tandaswre-
biT, gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT, iaraRis gamoyenebiT an ia-
raRis gamoyenebis muqariT da samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis
gamoyenebiT.
2018 wlis 30 noembris cvlilebebamde, romelic ZalaSi
imave wlis dekemberSi Sevida, sasamarTlos aRniSnuli da-
mamZimebeli garemoebebi unda gaeTvaliswinebina konkretu-
li danaSaulisaTvis gansazRvruli sasjelis farglebSi da
ar iyo dawesebuli sasamarTlos mier dasaniSni sasjelis
zRvruli odenoba, rogorc es aris danaSaulis recidivis
dros. 65 vinaidan amgvari regulacia ver pasuxobda kanon-
mdeblis mizans, SedarebiT mkacrad daesaja zemoxsenebuli
romelime niSniT danaSaulis Camdeni pirebi, radgan arsebu-
li debuleba minimumTan ukiduresad miaxloebuli sasje-
lis daniSvnis SesaZleblobasac iZleoda, Seicvala aRniSnu-
li midgoma da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 531 muxlis me-3
punqtSi gakeTda daTqma imis Taobaze, rom damamZimebeli ga-
remoebebis arsebobisas danaSaulis Cadenis dros vadiani
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvnisas mosaxdeli sasjelis va-
da sul mcire 1 wliT unda aRematebodes Cadenili danaSau-
lisaTvis amave kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT an muxlis nawi-
liT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis minimalur vadas, romli-
Tac Seiqmna sasjelis damZimebis realuri efeqti. aRniSnu-
li wesi sasjelis daniSvnisas ar gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis romelime
muxlSi an muxlis nawilSi miTiTebulia zemoaRniSnuli ro-
melime damamZimebeli garemoeba, rogorc danaSaulis makva-
65 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 58-e muxlis 1-li nawilis

Tanaxmad, danaSaulis recidivis dros vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
daniSvnisas mosaxdeli sasjelis vada sul mcire 1 wliT unda aRemate-
bodes Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT an
muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis minimalur vadas.
63
lificirebeli niSani, anu Tu konkretuli muxli an muxlis
nawili ukve iTvaliswinebs zemoxsenebul damamZimebel ga-
remoebas/garemoebebs, aseve mxareebs Soris saproceso Se-
Tanxmebis dadebisas. mag., Tu piris qmedeba dakvalificire-
bulia ssk-is 126-e prima muxlis me-2 nawilis „b“ qvepunqtiT,
rac niSnavs ojaxSi Zaladobas arasrulwlovnis Tandaswre-
biT misive ojaxis wevris mimarT, mocemul viTarebaSi veRar
moxdeba pasuxismgeblobis damZimeba ssk-is 53-e prima mux-
liT im motiviT, rom arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT dana-
Saulis Cadena da ojaxis wevrze Zaladoba danaSaulis Se-
madgenlobis savaldebulo niSnebia da igi pasuxismgeblo-
bis damamZimebel garemoebad ver iqneba miCneuli. 66
rac Seexeba aRniSnuli regulaciis praqtikul mxares,
mniSvnelovnia, rom gamoZiebis etapze dadgindes, savarau-
do danaSauli xom ar iqna Cadenili romelime damamZimebeli
garemoebis saxiT. Tu igi dasturdeba saqmis masalebiT,
prokurorma aRniSnulis Sesaxeb unda miuTiTos braldebis
Sesaxeb dadgenilebaSi, xolo sasamarTlom, Tu mas gaizia-
rebs, unda imsjelos sasjelis daniSvnisas misi damZimebis
perspeqtiviT.

brZolis administraciul-samarTlebrivi
meqanizmebi

bolis konvencia) 52-e muxlis Tanaxmad, mxareebma unda mii-
Ron yvela saWiro sakanonmdeblo an sxva zoma, raTa xeli-
suflebis kompetenturma organoebma, uSualo safrTxis ar-
sebobis SemTxvevaSi, gascen orderi imis Sesaxeb, rom ojax-
Si Zaladobis Camdenma datovos msxverplis an riskis qveS
myofi piris sacxovrebeli adgili sakmarisi droiT da auk-
66 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 18 seqtembris №436ap-

20 ganCineba.
64
rZalon moZalades msxverplis an riskis qveS myofi piris
sacxovrebel adgilSi Sesvla an masTan kontaqti.
termini „uSualo safrTxe“ gulisxmobs ojaxSi Zalado-
bis nebismier situacias, romlis drosac pirisTvis zianis
miyeneba an gardauvalia, an mas aseTi ziani ukve miadga da,
savaraudod, momavalSic miadgeba. 67
amave konvenciis 53-e muxli miuTiTebs, rom aRniSnuli
zomebis prioritetuli mizania msxverplis an riskis qveS
myofi piris usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa. amdenad, Sesaba-
misi Semakavebeli an damcavi orderebi unda gaicemodes
konvenciis moqmedebis sferoSi Semavali yvela formis Za-
ladobis msxverplTa dasacavad, xolo maTi darRveva unda
iwvevdes efeqtur, Tanazomier da qmediT sisxlissamar-
Tlebriv an sxva sanqciebs.
konvencia mxareebs aniWebs diskreciul uflebamosile-
bas, airCion Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi reJimi Semakavebeli
da damcavi orderebis gamosacemad. kerZod, erovnuli sa-
marTlis sistemazea damokidebuli, aRniSnuli orderebi
daeqvemdebareba samoqalaqo, administraciul Tu sisxlis-
samarTlebriv regulirebas. orderebi xelmisawvdomi unda
iyos msxverplis dauyovneblivi dacvis mizniT da ar akis-
rebdes mas Seusabamo finansur Tu administraciul tvirTs.
Semakavebeli an damcavi orderis gamocema msxverpls ar un-
da uqmnides dauZlevel sirTuleebs da mosamarTles an sxva
kompetentur Tanamdebobis pirs unda hqondes uflebamosi-
leba, igi gamosces mxolod erTi mxaris moTxovnis safuZ-
velze. Tumca, konvenciis 49-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTva-
liswinebuli zogadi valdebulebebis Sesabamisad, orderis
gamocema zians ar unda ayenebdes dacvis uflebas da ar un-
da arRvevdes samarTliani da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlo
ganxilvis princips, rac niSnavs imas, rom pirs, romlis mi-
marTac gamoica Semakavebeli an damcavi orderi, unda hqon-

76, ix. https://bit.ly/2QbHokk [05.01.2021].
65
des kompetenturi organoebisTvis mimarTvis ufleba, Sida
procedurebis Sesabamisad. 68
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT qalTa mimarT an/da ojax-
Si Zaladobis gamovlenisa da aRkveTisaTvis gaTvaliswine-
buli Semakavebeli da damcavi orderebi gamoiyeneba ro-
gorc administraciul-samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi. agreT-
ve, administraciuli instrumentebi gamoiyeneba im SemTxve-
vaSi, Tu samarTaldarRvevis xasiaTi, saqarTvelos kanon-
mdeblobis Sesabamisad, ar iwvevs sisxlissamarTlebriv pa-
suxismgeblobas da misi aRkveTa SesaZlebelia saqarTvelos
administraciul samarTaldarRevaTa kodeqsis normebis ga-
moyenebiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom qalTa mimarT an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis
winaaRmdeg brZolis administraciul-samarTlebrivi meqa-
nizmebi ZiriTadad prevenciuli xasiaTisaa da SesaZlebelia
gamoyenebul iqnes rogorc damoukideblad, ise sisxlissa-
marTlebriv meqanizmebTan erTad. es sakiTxi kanonmdebelma
daazusta 2014 wlis 17 oqtombers ganxorcielebuli cvli-
lebebis gziT. kerZod, „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da
ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa
da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis
me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad, qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojax-
Si Zaladobis Camdeni piris (moZaladis) mimarT sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba ar aferxebs msxver-
plis dacvis mizniT damcavi an Semakavebeli orderis gamo-
cemas. kerZod, Tu Zaladoba Tavisi xasiaTiTa da intensivo-
biT ver aRwevs sisxlissamarTlebriv standarts, aseT faq-
tebze reagireba xdeba mxolod administraciul-samar-
Tlebrivi meqanizmebiT, anu Semakavebeli da damcavi orde-
ris gamocemiT; xolo Tu Zaladoba Seicavs danaSaulis niS-
nebs, orderis gamocemis paralelurad, gamoyenebuli unda
iqnes sisxlissamarTlebrivi RonisZiebebi, romlebic piris
damnaSaveoba-udanaSaulobis sakiTxs daadgens. praqtikaSi
xSirad orive instrumenti erTdroulad gamoiyeneba. mag.,

77-78, ix. https://bit.ly/2QbHokk [05.01.2021].
66
Semakavebeli orderis gamocemasTan erTad iwyeba gamoZieba,
Tu qmedeba Seicavs danaSaulis niSnebs. aseve, orderis ga-
mocema SesaZlebelia pirisaTvis aRkveTis RonisZiebis sa-
xiT patimrobis Sefardebis paralelurad. marTalia, patim-
robaSi myofi adamiani piradad (fizikuri saxiT) ver daukav-
Sirdeba msxverpls, magram praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, ro-
desac isini piradad an mesame pirebis meSveobiT amyareben
satelefono komunikacias msxverplTan mis mimarT muqaris,
daSinebisa Tu damcirebis ganxorcielebis mizniT, Sesabami-
sad, mizanSewonilia, gamoices orderi da aekrZalos moZal-
des msxverplTan komunikacia. 69
amdenad, qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zalado-
bis faqtze operatiuli reagirebisaTvis uflebamosili
organos mier msxverplis dacvisa da moZaladis garkveuli
moqmedebebis SezRudvis uzrunvelsayofad SesaZlebelia,
droebiTi RonisZiebis saxiT, gamoices Semakavebeli an dam-
cavi orderi.
Semakavebeli da damcavi orderis meSveobiT xdeba Zala-
dobis romelime formaze reagireba da moZaladisaTvis Se-
sabamisi valdebulebebis/sanqciebis daweseba. misi mizania,
msxverplisaTvis seriozuli safrTxis Tavidan asacileb-
lad, moZalades dauwesos garkveuli SezRudvebi da ak-
rZalvebi, Tu am ukanasknelis mier ganxorcielebuli qmede-
ba da saqmis garemoebebi Zaladobis ganmeorebis an/da gaz-
rdis maRal riskze miuTiTebs. SesaZlebelia, moZalades Se-
ezRudos saqarTvelos konstituciiT garantirebuli rigi
uflebebi, maT Soris, policieli uflebamosilia, damcavi
an Semakavebeli orderis Sesabamisad, moZalade ganaridos
msxverplis sacxovrebel adgils im SemTxvevaSic, Tu es ad-
gili moZaladis sakuTrebaa. aseT dros msxverplis usaf-
rTxoebis interesi aRmatebulia da gadawonis moZaladis
individualur saWiroebebs. kanonmdebloba gamarTlebu-
lad miiCnevs adamianis calkeuli uflebebis SezRudvas
69 Toloraia l., Semakavebeli orderi, irina aqubardias saiubileo kre-

buli, m. ivaniZis redaqtorobiT, 2020, 149.
67
ufro didi samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenisa da dacvis
mizniT.
Semakavebeli da damcavi orderi gamoiyeneba erTi da ima-
ve mizniTa da daniSnulebiT. ZiriTadad, es ori instrumen-
ti erTmaneTis msgavsia, Tumca maT Soris mainc aris ramde-
nime arsebiTi gansxvaveba. orive meqanizmis SemuSavebiT ka-
nonmdebelma msxverpls misca arCevanis SesaZlebloba. im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas ar surs, mimarTos policias, SeuZlia,
Semakavebeli orderis msgavsi SezRudvebis dawesebis inici-
ativiT mimarTos sasamarTlos da moiTxovos damcavi orde-
ris gamocema. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Semakavebeli orderi
ufro operatiuli meqanizmia da didi dro ar sWirdeba mis
gamocemas. gansxvavebiT damcavi orderisgan, romlis gamo-
cemis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad sasamarTlos 10 dRiani vada
aqvs dawesebuli. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, myisieri safrTxis
arsebobisas, mizanSewonilia, msxverplma dauyovnebliv mi-
marTos policias da moiTxovos Semakavebeli orderis gamo-
cema, radgan SesaZloa, ramdenime wuTiT dagvianebac ki fa-
taluri SedegiT dasruldes.
sainteresoa, ramdenad SesaZlebelia Semakavebeli orde-
ris moqmedebis paralelurad damcavi orderis gamocema an
piriqiT?
erT-erT saqmeze ganmcxadeblebma mimarTes sasamarTlos
damcavi orderis gamocemis Taobaze. saqmis garemoebebis
Seswavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom mimarTvamde ramdenime
dRiT adre, ganmcxadebelTa dacvis mizniT, gamocemuli iyo
Semakavebeli orderebi, romelTa moqmedebis vadac jer ar
iyo gasuli. amasTan, ganmcxadeblebi adasturebdnen, rom
Semakavebeli orderebis gamocemis Semdgom Zaladobis axa-
li faqti ar momxdara. rogorc saqalaqo, ise saapelacio
sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila gancxadeba (saCivari) damca-
vi orderis gamocemis Taobaze da erT-erT argumentad miu-
TiTa is faqti, rom sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis mi-
Rebisas moqmedebda Semakavebeli orderi, romlis Tanaxma-
dac, adgili hqonda fsiqologiuri Zaladobis faqts, anu,
mocemul SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebma damcavi orderis ga-
68
mocemis Taobaze sasamarTlos mimarTes Semakavebeli orde-
ris moqmedebis periodSi. 70 msgavs viTarebaSi mniSvnelova-
nia, sasamarTlom gadaamowmos, ramden xanSi gasdis moqmede-
bis vada Semakavebel orders, raTa msxverpls hqondes saTa-
nado dro da SesaZlebloba, gamoiyenos dacvis igive an sxva
meqanizmi da mis usafrTxoebas ar daemuqros safrTxe. mar-
Talia, kanoni pirdapir ar krZalavs moqmedi Semakavebeli
orderis pirobebSi damcavi orderis gamocemis SesaZleb-
lobas an piriqiT, Tumca iseT viTarebaSi, rodesac romeli-
me orders jer ar gasvlia moqmedebis vada, msgavsi akrZal-
vebiTa da SezRudvebiT kidev erTi orderis gamocemas, Se-
saZloa, formaluri xasiaTi hqondes. erTi orderis moqme-
debis periodSi meore orderis gamocemas maSin SeiZleba
hqondes realuri praqtikuli efeqti, rodesac axali orde-
ri, axlad gamovlenili garemoebebis, maT Soris, warmoSobi-
li riskebisa da safrTxeebis gamo, moZaladisaTvis damate-
biTi SezRudvebisa da akrZalvebis dawesebis saWiroebaze
miuTiTebs, rasac ar iTvaliswinebda manamde gamocemuli
orderi.
Semakavebeli da damcavi orderebis gamocemis moTxovnis
ufleba aqvs msxverpls/savaraudo msxverpls, msxverplis
ojaxis wevrs an/da msxverplis TanxmobiT – socialur mu-
Saks an pirs, romelic msxverpls uwevs samedicino, fsiqo-
logiur an iuridiul daxmarebas, xolo arasrulwlovnis
mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi – agreTve, meurveobisa da
mzrunvelobis organos.
Semakavebeli da damcavi orderis gamosacemad saWiroa
Semdegi ori winapirobis/garemoebis erTdroulad arsebo-
ba:
1. savaraudo Zaladobis faqti an/da msxverplisaTvis
mosalodneli safrTxe (uSualo safrTxis arseboba);
2. saTanado subieqtebi: savaraudo msxverpli unda iyos
moZaladis ojaxis wevri an savaraudo msxverpli unda
iyos qali, romlis mimarTac Zaladoba moxda araoja-
70 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 9 martis №3b/576-18 ga-

dawyvetileba.
69
xiswevri piris mxridan genderuli diskriminaciis
motiviT.
2017 wlis pirvel ivnisamde Semakavebeli da damcavi or-
deris gamocema SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod maSin, rodesac sa-
varaudo Zaladobis faqts adgili eqneboda ojaxis wevrebs
Soris, kerZod, orderi gamoicemoda mxolod ojaxSi Zala-
dobis dros. ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebe-
bis Sedegad, romlebic ukavSirdeba „qalTa mimarT Zalado-
bisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb“
evropis sabWos konvenciis (stambolis konvencia) ratifi-
cirebas, gafarTovda Semakavebeli da damcavi orderis moq-
medebis farglebi da misi gamocema SesaZlebeli gaxda maSi-
nac, rodesac Zaladoba moxda qalis mimarT genderuli dis-
kriminaciis motiviT araojaxiswevri piris mxridan.
saerTo daniSnulebisa da miznebis miuxedavad, Semakave-
beli da damcavi orderi gansxvavdeba misi gamomcemi subieq-
tebis, vadebisa da sxva niSnebis mixedviT.
qvemoT mocemuli diagrama asaxavs Semakavebeli da dam-
cavi orderebis ganmasxvavebel ZiriTad elementebs
70
2.1 Semakavebeli orderis daniSnuleba da misi gamo-
cemis wesi
Semakavebeli orderi aris operatiuli reagirebis meqa-

nizmi, romelic gamoicema qalTa mimarT an/da ojaxSi Zala-
dobis faqtze msxverplTa dacvisa da moZaladis garkveuli
qmedebebis SezRudvis an misTvis Sesabamisi valdebulebebis
dakisrebis mizniT. Semakavebeli orderis samarTlebrivi
moqmedebis principi eyrdnoba mxareTa Soris arsebuli im-
wuTieri, konkretul droSi aRmocenebuli konfliqtis
swrafi reagirebiT mowesrigebas, raTa msxverpli daculi
iyos viTarebis Semdgomi eqskalaciisa da im safrTxeebis-
gan, romlebic SeiZleba moZaladis qmedebis gagrZelebam ga-
moiwvios.
Semakavebeli orderi aris droebiTi RonisZieba, misi mi-
zania, Tavidan aicilos ganmeorebiTi Zaladoba moZaladi-
saTvis Sesabamisi valdebulebebis dawesebis gziT. amdenad,
Semakavebeli orderis daniSnuleba ara mxolod dacvis
swrafi reagirebis saSualebaa, aramed igi eskalirebuli Za-
ladobis prevenciis instrumentsac warmoadgens da gamoi-
cema da inarCunebs samarTlebriv Zalas maSinac, rodesac
saxezea Zaladobis faqti warsulSi, awmyoSi da arsebobs da-
sabuTebuli varaudi, rom didi albaTobiT iarsebebs moma-
valSic. 71
saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, droebiTi RonisZiebis saxiT
Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis diskrecia srulad ar aris
mindobili policiis TanamSromelze. igi mkacrad regulir-
deba aRniSnuli kanonis sxvadasxva debulebiT. kerZod, sis-
xlis samarTlos kodeqsis calkeuli muxlebiT, gamoZiebis
dawyebis an mimdinareobis SemTxvevaSi policiis uflebamo-
sil TanamSromels Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis pirda-
piri valdebuleba ekisreba, xolo iseT SemTxvevaSi, rode-
71 samtrediis raionuli sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 16 ivnisis №3/50-19 ga-

dawyvetileba.
71
sac saxeze ar aris misi savaldebulo wesiT gamocemis wina-
piroebebi, policiis Sesabamisi TanamSromeli saqarTvelos
Sinagan saqmeTa ministris brZanebiT dadgenili wesiT afa-
sebs qalTa mimarT an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis ganmeorebis
risks, romliTac valdebulia, gamoikvlios yvela relevan-
turi garemoeba da swored am riskis simZimis mixedviT gan-
sazRvravs, gamosces Tu ara Semakavebeli orderi.
Semakavebel orders gamoscems policiis uflebamosili
TanamSromeli. orderis moqmedebis maqsimaluri vada aris
erTi Tve, xolo misi moqmedebis konkretul vadas gansaz-
Rvravs Tavad policieli arsebuli riskebisa da saqmis ga-
remoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. arsebuli praqtikiT, erTTvi-
ani vada iTvaliswinebs 30 kalendarul dRes.
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2018 wlis 13 iv-
lisis brZaneba, romelic amave wlis 1-li seqtembridan
amoqmedda, adgens policiis im TanamSromelTa wres, romle-
bic uflebamosili da pasuxismgebeli arian Semakavebeli
orderis gamocemaze. kerZod, Semakavebeli orderis gamo-
cemis uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili arian saministros Sem-
degi danayofis TanamSromlebi:
a) sapatrulo policiis departamentis Semdegi Tanamde-
bobis pirebi:
 oceulis meTauri;
 aTeulis meTauri;
 patrul-inspeqtori.
b) teritoriuli organoebis, e.w. „kriminaluri polici-
is“ Semdegi Tanamdebobis pirebi:
 ubnis ufrosi inspeqtor-gamomZiebeli;
 ubnis inspeqtor-gamomZiebeli;
 marTlwesrigis ufrosi oficeri;
 marTlwesrigis oficeri;
 deteqtiv-gamomZiebeli;
 deteqtivis TanaSemwe-gamomZiebeli;
 ufrosi deqteqtivi;
72
 deteqtivi;
 ufrosi gamomZiebeli;
 gamomZiebeli.
zemoxsenebuli pirebis garda, saministros sxva Tanam-
Sromlebi ar arian uflebamosili, miiRon gadawyvetileba
Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis Taobaze.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Semakavebeli orderi ZalaSi Sedis ga-
mocemisTanave. 2017 wlis ivnisamde aucilebeli iyo Semaka-
vebeli orderis damtkiceba sasamarTlos mier. kerZod, po-
liciis uflebamosili TanamSromeli, Semakavebeli orde-
ris gamocemis Semdeg, valdebuli iyo, dasamtkiceblad 24
saaTis ganmavlobaSi waredgina is sasamarTloSi. aRniSnuli
biurokratiuli procedura moiTxovda damatebiT drosa
da resurss, ris gamoc Semakavebeli orderi kargavda ope-
ratiul bunebas. Sesabamisad, Zaladobisgan dacvis ufro
swrafi da qmediTi meqanizmebis arsebobis praqtikuli saWi-
roebidan gamomdinare, cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, Semakavebeli
orderi ZalaSi Sedis gamocemisTanave da policiels aRar
ekisreba misi sasamarTloSi wardgenis valdebuleba. aRniS-
nuli proceduris gauqmebam, erTi mxriv, gaaiola Semakave-
beli orderis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba da, meore mxriv, nakle-
bad biurokratiuli gaxada misi gamocema, ramac gazarda
policielis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis legitimaci-
isa da damoukideblobis xarisxi.
Zaladobis faqtis arsebobisas Semakavebeli orderis ga-
mocemis moTxovnis ufleba aqvs msxverpls, msxverplis oja-
xis wevrs an/da msxverplis TanxmobiT – socialur muSaks an
pirs, romelic msxverpls uwevs samedicino, iuridiul an
fsiqologiur daxmarebas, xolo arasrulwlovnis mimarT
Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi – agreTve meurveobis da mzrunve-
lobis organos. 72
72 `qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zalado-

bis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni,
muxli 11, nawili 1.
73
Sesabamisi piris mier mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi policiis
uflebamosili TanamSromeli, praqtikaSi yvelaze gavrce-
lebuli meTodis saSualebiT – riskebis Sefasebis instru-
mentis gamoyenebiT, anu Semakavebeli orderis oqmis Sevse-
bis gziT, gansazRvravs Zaladobis ganmeorebis riskebs da
iRebs gadawyvetilebas Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis an,
saTanado riskebis ararsebobis pirobebSi, Semakavebeli or-
deris gamocemaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
Semakavebeli orderiT moZalades SeiZleba dauwesdes
Semdegi SezRudvebi da valdebulebebi, kerZod, Semakavebe-
li orderi SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes:
a) moZaladis garidebas msxverplis sacxovrebeli adgi-
lidan, miuxedavad imisa, moZalade saxlis mesakuTrea Tu
ara. upiratesoba eniWeba adamianis usafrTxoebasa da misi
sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis dacvas, am mizniT SesaZlebe-
lia legitimurad SeizRudos adamianis sakuTrebis ufleba;
b) msxverplisa da masze damokidebuli piris moZaladisa-
gan garidebisa da TavSesafarSi moTavsebis sakiTxs. aRsa-
niSnavia, rom TavSesafarSi SesaZloa ganTavsdes ara mxo-
lod moZalade, aramed masze damokidebuli piri (mag., aras-
rulwlovani Svili), miuxedavad imisa, damokidebuli piri
uSualod aris Tu ara Zaladobis msxverpli;
g) moZaladisTvis TanasakuTrebiT erTpirovnulad sar-
geblobis uflebis akrZalvas;
d) moZaladis arasrulwlovnisagan gancalkevebis sa-
kiTxs;
e) msxverplTan, mis samsaxurTan da sxva im adgilTan, sa-
dac msxverpli imyofeba, moZaladis miaxloebis sakiTxs. es
adgili SeiZleba iyos yvela is teritoria, maT Soris, sac-
xovrebeli adgili, sadac msxverpli droebiT an mudmivad
imyofeba;
v) eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis sa-
kiTxs;
z) moZaladisaTvis Semakavebeli orderis moqmedebis pe-
riodSi an am orderiT gansazRvrul periodSi iaraRiT (maT
Soris, samsaxurebiv-saStato iaraRiT sargeblobis ufle-
74
bis SezRudvas an akrZalvas, iaraRis SeZenis, misi SeZenis-
Tvis nebarTvis an licenziis mopovebis uflebis akrZalvas
da pirad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli iaraRis an/da kuTvnili ia-
raRis (maT Soris, samsaxurebriv-saStato iaraRis) Senaxvis
an droebiT CamorTmevis pirobebs.
zemoxsenebuli akrZalvebis garda, Semakavebeli orde-
riT SesaZloa gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes sxva nebismieri Ro-
nisZieba, romelic, arsebuli viTarebisa da safrTxis gaTva-
liswinebiT, aucilebelia msxverplis usafrTxoebis uz-
runvelsayofad. mag., SesaZloa, moZalades aekrZalos
msxverplTan nebismieri saxis komunikacia, maT Soris, tele-
fonis, socialuri qselisa Tu sxva teqnikuri saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT, rac praqtikaSi SezRudvis sakmaod gavrcele-
bul formas warmoadgens. dasaSvebia moZaladisaTvis er-
Tdroulad ramdenime SezRudvis dawesebac.
erT-erT saqmeze, romelic exeboda Svilis mier mamis mi-
marT ganxorcielebul ekonomikur Zaladobas da gamoixata
moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis safasuris ar gadaxdaSi, po-
liciis uflebamosili TanamSromlis mier gamocemuli Sema-
kavebeli orderiT moZalades aekrZala im saxlTan miaxloe-
ba, sadac msxverpli cxovrobda. aseve, aekrZala msxver-
plTan, mis samsaxursa da im adgilebTan miaxloeba, sadac
msxverpli imyofeboda. moZalade Svils aseve aekrZala Ta-
nasakuTrebiT erTpirovnulad sargebloba. moZaladis mier
Semakavebeli orderis gasaCivrebisas sasamarTlom Seafasa
orderis gamomcemma organom gamoiyena Tu ara Sesabamisi da
aucilebeli RonisZiebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofda dad-
genili Zaladobis Tavidan acilebas.
sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom SesaZlo ekonomikuri Zala-
dobis pirobebSi Semakavebeli orderis gamomcemma pirma Se-
makavebeli orderis gamocemisas ar Seafasa aseTi SezRud-
vis aucilebloba im safrTxeebTan proporciulobaSi, rom-
lebic SeiZleba mohyoloda piris sacxovrebel saxlTan mi-
axloebis akrZalvas. sasamarTlos SefasebiT, ekonomikuri
Zaladobis pirobebSic ki msxverplis sacxovrebel saxlTan
miaxloebis akrZalva ar iyo aucilebeli, ar emsaxureboda
75
ojaxSi SesaZlo Zaladobis mizezebisa da winapirobebis Ta-
vidan acilebasa da Zaladobis aRkveTas. Sesabamisad, gaauq-
ma Semakavebeli orderi im nawilSi, romlis mixedviTac mo-
Zalades aekrZala msxverplis sacxovrebel saxlTan miax-
loeba, xolo danarCen nawilSi orderi darCa ZalaSi. 73
qvemoT mocemulia magaliTebi imis sailustraciod, Tu
ra viTarebaSi, ra saxis valdebulebisa da SezRudvis dawe-
sebaa mizanSewonili moZaladisTvis Semakavebeli orderis
safuZvelze.
magaliTi №1
30 wlis jesim mobilur telefonze daureka yofil meuRles

da sTxova Serigeba. mas Semdeg, rac misgan Serigebaze uar-
yofiTi pasuxi miiRo, yofil meuRles miayena sityvieri Seu-
racxyofa. aseve, jesim yofil meuRles sityvieri Seurac-
xyofa miayena socialur qselSi. jesis es qmedeba warmoad-
gens fsiqologiur Zaladobas, romelic ganxorcielda dis-
tanciurad, teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. Semakave-
beli orderis gamocemis SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonilia, moZa-
lades aekrZalos msxverplTan (yofil meuRlesTan) nebismi-
eri saxis komunikacia, maT Soris, telefonis, socialuri
qselisa Tu sxva teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, rac
iqneba mis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebis adekvaturi da
proporciuli zoma. amiT moZalades SeezRudeba yofil me-
uRlesTan mimarTebiT im meqanizmebis gamoyeba, romliTac
Zaladoba ganaxorciela.
73 xelvaCauris raionuli sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 14 ivnisis

№820310019003037586 gadawyvetileba.
76
magaliTi №2
55 wlis noe daemuqra cols, rom Tu kidev gadawyvetda mis

daukiTxavad stumrad wasvlas, cocxals ar datovebda. aR-
niSnuli sityvebis warmoTqmisas noem meuRlis Tvalwin mo-
axdina pirad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sanadiro Tofis demon-
strireba. noes es qmedeba warmoadgens fsiqologiur Zala-
dobas, kerZod, muqaras, rac aseve danaSaulia. Semakavebeli
orderis gamocemis SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonilia, moZalade
garidebul iqnes msxverplis sacxovrebeli adgilidan da
aekrZalos msxverplTan, mis saxlTan, samsaxurTan da im ad-
gilebTan miaxloeba, sadac msxverpli (meuRle) imyofeba.
vinaidan moZaladis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedeba saf-
rTxes uqmnis adamianis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas da ma-
Ralia misi ganxorcielebis albaToba, mizanSewonilia, rom
igi garidebul iqnes msxverplisgan da aRar mieces masTan
miaxloebis SesaZlebloba. aseve, mometebuli sazogadoeb-
rivi saSiSroebisa da moZaladis mier ganxorcielebuli qme-
debis Sinaarsis gaTvaliswinebiT (iaraRis demonstrirebiT
meuRles daemuqra sicocxlis mospobiT, rac kidev ufro
realurs da SesaZlebels xdis mis ganxorcielebas), mizanSe-
wonilia, rom noes, Semakavebeli orderis moqmedebis vadiT,
CamoerTvas pirad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli iaraRi.
77
magaliTi №3
lusia da jorji imyofebian registrirebul qorwinebaSi.

maT TanasakuTrebaSi aqvT avtomobili – HYUNDAI Elantra.
aRniSnuli avtomobiliT sargeblobs mxolod jorji, ro-
melsac iyenebs samsaxurSi wasasvlelad. mis meuRles, lusi-
as, samsaxurSi siaruli sazogadoebrivi transportiT
uwevs. aRniSnulis gamo col-qmars xSirad aqvs konfliqti.
jorjma lusias uTxra, rom radgan igi iyo ojaxis ufrosi,
mxolod mas unda esargebla aRniSnuli avtomobiliT. lusi-
as survilia, avtomobiliT sargeblobis dReebi Tanabrad
gadanawildes masa da jorjs Soris. jorjis es qmedeba war-
moadgens ekonomikur Zaladobas, radgan meuRles uzRudavs
TansakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis gamoyenebis uflebas, ami-
tom, Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis SemTxvevaSi, mizanSe-
wonilia, rom moZalades SeezRudos TanasakuTrebiT erTpi-
rovnulad sargebloba, raTa avtomobilis gamoyeneba ori-
vem Tanabrad SeZlos.
aucilebelia, Semakavebeli orderi Seicavdes miTiTebas

imis Taobaze, rom misi moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis Se-
usruleblobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa moZalades daekisros
Sesabamisi pasuxismgebloba. policiis uflebamosili Tanam-
Sromeli valdebulia, rom moZalades zepirsityvierad mia-
wodos informacia Semakavebeli orderis darRvevis/dakis-
rebuli valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi mo-
salodneli konkretuli pasuxismgeblobis zomebis Sesaxeb.
Semakavebeli orderi unda daiweros samarTalwarmoebis
enaze. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris brZanebiT SemuSavebulia
aRniSnuli dokumentis formebi, romlebic aris beWduri sa-
xiT da xeliT unda Seivsos policiis TanamSromlis mier
cxadad da gasagebad. Semakavebel orders xels awers poli-
ciis uflebamosili TanamSromeli, romelmac gamosca Sema-
kavebeli orderi, aseve msxverpli da moZalade. Tu msxver-
pli an/da moZalade raime mizezis gamo xels ar/ver awers
Semakavebel orders, mas xels awers mxolod policiis uf-
78
lebamosili TanamSromeli, xolo Semakavebel orderSi keT-
deba saTanado aRniSvna da mieTiTeba msxverplis an/da moZa-
ladis mier xelmoweraze uaris Tqmis an xelmoweris SeuZ-
leblobis mizezi. aRsaniSnavia, rom msxverplis an moZala-
dis mier Semakavebeli orderis xelmoweraze uaris Tqma an
xelmoweris SeuZlebloba ar abrkolebs Semakavebeli orde-
ris gamocemas da igi iuridiulad ZalaSi Sedis policiis
uflebamosili TanamSromlis xelmoweris dafiqsirebis mo-
mentidan.
vinaidan Semakavebeli orderi ivseba winaswar SemuSave-
bul dabeWdil dokumentSi, yvela zemoxsenebuli sakiTxi,
maT Soris, moZaladisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli savaraudo
akrZalvebi, miTiTebulia orderis formaSi da policiis
uflebamosil TanamSromels uwevs Sesabamisi velebis mo-
niSvna da Sevseba.
Semakavebeli orderi dgeba sam egzemplarad. ori egzem-
plari 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi egzavneba/hbardeba msxver-
plsa da moZalades (erTi egzemplari _ msxverpls da erTi _
moZalades), xolo Semakavebeli orderis erTi egzemplari
rCeba mis gamomcem organoSi, anu policiis im danayofSi,
romelmac gamosca Semakavebeli orderi.
Semakavebeli orderis egzemplarebis gadacemasTan er-
Tad, policiis TanamSromeli valdebulia, orderis asli
dauyovnebliv gaugzavnos Semdeg dawesebulebebs:
a) Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamis teritoriul
organos msxverplis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, Sema-
kavebeli orderiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebisa da val-
debulebebis darRvevaze reagirebis mizniT. mag., im Sem-
TxvevaSi, Tu Semakavebeli orderi gamosca qvemo qarTlis
policiis departamentis rusTavis saqalaqo sammarTvelos
pirvelma ganyofilebam, xolo msxverpli cxovrobs marneu-
lis municipalitetSi, orderis gamomcemi policiis Tanam-
Sromeli valdebulia, dokumentis erTi asli dauyovnebliv
gaugzavnos marneulis raionul sammarTvelos, raTa am uka-
nasknelma ganaxorcielos monitoringi. Semakavebeli orde-
79
ris gadagzavna, rogorc wesi, xdeba saqmiswarmoebis eleq-
tronuli programis meSveobiT.
b) Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sainformacio-analiti-
kur departaments, informaciis saTanado eleqtronul ba-
zaSi Setanis, darRvevebze swrafi da efeqtiani reagirebisa
da statistikuri informaciis aRricxvis mizniT. arsebuli
praqtikiT, policiis TanamSromelma Tavad unda uzrunvel-
yos mis mier gamocemuli Semakavebeli orderis daregis-
trireba sainformacio-analitikuri departamentis siste-
maSi dauyovnebliv, magram ara ugvianes gamocemidan 12 saa-
Tisa.
g) Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sajaro samarTlis iuri-
diul pirs – momsaxurebis saagentos, Tu Semakavebeli or-
deri iaraRTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs Seexeba. mag., Tu mo-
Zalades aekrZala iaraRis SeZenis nebarTvis an licenziis
mopoveba, Semakavebeli orderis erTi asli unda gaegzavnos
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros momsaxurebis saagentos, raTa
man ar gasces Sesabamisi licenzia moZaladeze, romelsac ak-
rZaluli aqvs iaraRis SeZena/Senaxva/tareba.
d) Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sajaro samarTlis iuri-
diul pirs – sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis marTvis centr
„112“-s, Tu Semakavebeli orderi eleqtronuli zedamxedve-
lobis ganxorcielebas iTvaliswinebs.
e) meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis Sesabamis adgilobriv
organos, Tu Semakavebeli orderiT gaTvaliswinebuli sa-
kiTxi arasrulwlovans Seexeba. mag., im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Za-
ladobis msxverpli aris bavSvi, policiis uflebamosili
TanamSromeli valdebulia, Semakavebeli orderis erTi as-
li gaugzavnos meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis adgilobriv
organos.
kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs Semakavebeli orderis ga-
saCivrebas. msxverplma an moZaladem Semakavebeli orderi
SeiZleba gaasaCivros misTvis am orderis gadacemidan/Caba-
rebidan 3 dRis vadaSi saqalaqo/raionuli sasamarTlos ad-
ministraciul saqmeTa kolegiaSi. Semakavebeli orderis ga-
80
uqmebis Taobaze sarCeli werilobiT unda waredginos sasa-
marTlos da igi unda Seicavdes:
a) sarCelis Semtani piris saxelsa da gvars;
b sarCelis Semtani piris sacxovrebeli adgilis misamarTs;
g) faqtobrivi garemoebebis aRweras;
d) cnobebs moZaladis, msxverplis da maTi urTierTobis Se-
saxeb;
e) mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvals;
v) Semakavebeli orderis gauqmebis an masSi cvlilebebis Se-
tanis moTxovnas;
z) mosarCelis xelmoweras.
sasamarTloSi sarCelis wardgenidan 24 saaTis ganmavlo-
baSi igi TandarTul masalebTan erTad egzavneba Semakavebe-
li orderis gamomcem uflebamosil organos (policiis Se-
sabamis danayofs), agreTve dainteresebul pirs
(msxverpls), romlis dasacavadac gamoica Semakavebeli or-
deri, maT eZlevaT ufleba, sarCelTan dakavSirebiT warad-
ginon mosazrebebi da mtkicebulebebi. policiis uflebamo-
sili TanamSromeli valdebulia, werilobiT upasuxos sar-
CelSi miTiTebul sakiTxebs da waradginos mtkicebulebebi
sasamarTlos mier gansazRvrul vadaSi.
sasamarTlo sarCels wardgenidan 3 dRis vadaSi ganixi-
lavs da iRebs gadawyvetilebas Semakavebeli orderis gauq-
mebis, nawilobriv gauqmebis an mis gauqmebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb. Semakavebeli orderis nawilobriv gauqmeba gulis-
xmobs iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac, mag., mosamarTle amcirebs
Semakavebeli orderis vadas an/da auqmebs Semakavebeli or-
deriT gaTvaliswinebul romelime akrZalvas. 74 sasamarTlo
gadawyvetileba miRebidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi gadaecema
mxareebs.
sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ar
aferxebs sarCelis ganxilvas, aseve, mosamarTle uflebamo-
74 ix. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 6 aprilis №3b/646-20

gadawyvetileba, romliTac gauqmda Semakavebeli orderis mxolod is
SezRudva, romelic moZaladisaTvis nebismieri saxis komunikaciis ak-
rZalvas iTvaliswinebda.
81
silia, mxaris (arasrulwlovnis SemTxvevaSi – meurveobisa
da mzrunvelobis organos) an sakuTari iniciativiT saqme
daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganixilos.
Semakavebeli orderis kanonierebis Sefasebis procesSi
sasamarTlo valdebulia, daadginos, operatiuli reagire-
bis momentSi gamovlinda da dadasturda Tu ara is viTare-
ba, romelic qmnida sakmaris safuZvels varaudisTvis, rom
movlenaTa mosalodneli da Seuferxebeli ganviTarebis
SemTxvevaSi, didi albaTobiT, ziani miadgeboda policiis
mier dasacav sikeTes. 75
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadaw-
yvetileba ar aris saboloo da SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saape-
lacio sasamarTloSi, mxarisaTvis dasabuTebuli gadawyve-
tilebis Cabarebidan 3 dRis vadaSi. saapelacio sasamarTlo
saCivarTan dakavSirebiT gadawyvetilebas iRebs saCivris
wardgenidan 7 dRis vadaSi. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetileba sabolooa da aRar saCivrdeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom arcerT etapze Semakavebeli orderis
gauqmebis Taobaze saCivris wardgena ar aCerebs mis moqme-
debas.
fsiqologiuri Zaladobis faqtze gamocemuli Semakave-
beli orderis gasaCivrebisas mosamarTlem orderis usa-
fuZvlod gamocemis erT-erT mizezad miuTiTa, rom poli-
cieli, romelic ar aris fsiqologi da arc specialuri
codnis mqone piri, ar iyo kompetenturi, Seefasebina
msxverplis fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba da amasTan dakavSi-
rebiT arc kompetenturi organos daskvna ar warmoudge-
nia. 76 aRniSnuli ganmarteba ewinaaRmdegeba Semakavebeli
orderis operatiuli da swrafi reagirebis principebs, vi-
naidan damatebiT Zalisxmevas moiTxovs kompetenturi or-
ganos (mag., eqspertis) daskvnis mopoveba msxverplis fsiqo-
logiuri mdgomareobis Sefasebis Taobaze, es droSi gaWia-
75 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 6 Tebervlis №3b/174-20

ganCineba.
76 saCxeris raionuli sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 13 noemberis №3/64-2020 ga-
dawyvetileba.
82
nurebuli proceduraa da aferxebs myisieri gadawyvetile-
bis miRebasa da msxverplTa dacvis mizniT drouli RonisZi-
ebebis gatarebas. Sesabamisad, Semakavebeli orderis gamosa-
cemad msxverplis fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb Se-
sabamisi kompetenturi organos daskvnis warmodgenas ar
unda hqondes savaldebulo da imperatiuli xasiaTi, gansa-
kuTrebiT maSin, rodesac gadawyvetileba mokle vadebSia
misaRebi, xolo Zaladoba myisieradaa aRsakveTi.
aRniSnulisgan gansxvavebiT, saapelacio sasamarTlom
qalis mimarT genderuli niSniT ganxorcielebuli fsiqo-
logiuri Zaladoba dadasturebulad miiCnia msxverplis ax-
sna-ganmartebiTa da mowmeTa CvenebebiT.
saqmis garemoebebis mixedviT dgindeboda, rom mamakace-
bis mxridan adgili hqonda fsiqologiur Zaladobas maT
samsaxurebriv daqvemdebarebaSi myofi qalis mimarT da amis
safuZvelze gamoica Semakavebeli orderebi. SemdgomSi Se-
makavebeli orderebi gauqmda moZaladeTa mier maTi sasa-
marTloSi gasaCivrebis gziT. pirveli instanciis sasamar-
Tlom miuTiTa, rom mxareebs erTmaneTis mimarT arajansaRi
damokidebuleba da daZabuli urTierToba hqondaT, xolo
uTanxmoeba ukavSirdeboda SromiT davas, romelic ganixi-
leboda sasamarTlos mier. sasamarTlo daeTanxma mosarCe-
le mxaris pozicias, rom Semakavebeli orderebis gamocemiT
maT SeezRudaT samsaxurSi misvlis ufleba da SromiTi mo-
valeobebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba, vinaidan orde-
rebis erT-erT akrZalvad gansazRvruli iyo msxverplis
samsaxurTan da im adgilebTan miaxloeba, sadac msxverpli
imyofeboda, xolo msxverplsa da moZaladeebs erTi samuSao
sivrce/adgili hqondaT. amdenad, sasamarTlos mosazrebiT,
miuxedavad imisa, rom mxareebs Soris mimdinare SromiTi da-
va calsaxad qmnida konfliqtur situacias, aRniSnuli ur-
TierToba ar SeiZleba Sefasebuliyo fsiqologiur Zala-
dobad.
aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba saapelacio sasamarTloSi ga-
saCivrda Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier. sasamarTlom
srulad gaiziara policiis argumentebi, rom qalTa mimarT
83
da ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebi gamoirCeoda mtkicebulebaTa
simwiriT, vinaidan Zaladoba xdeboda erTmaneTTan dakavSi-
rebul pirebs Soris an/da lokalur, Caketil wreSi. amitom
aseTi Zaladobis faqtebs, maTi bunebidan gamomdinare, ar
hyavs xolme bevri mowme, romlebic incidentis TviTmxilve-
lebi iqnebian. agreTve xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac moZala-
de cdilobs Zaladoba ganaxorcielos ara xalxmraval adgi-
las, sadac bevri mowme eyoleba, aramed iq, sadac msxverpli
da moZalade martoni iqnebian. amdenad, moZalade gansaz-
Rvruli adamianebis mimarT gansazRvrul drosa da adgilas
Zaladobs garkveuli sifrTxiliT. is sakuTari „Zaladobri-
vi saqcielis Sesaxeb wesebisa da kanonebis“ mixedviT moqme-
debs. sasamarTlom gaiziara mosarCele policiis Tanam-
Sromlis ganmarteba, rom Semakavebeli orderis miznebisaT-
vis ar iyo aucilebeli, fsiqologiur Zaladobas sistema-
turi xasiaTi hqonoda da piris fsiqikuri tanjva gamoewvia,
Sesabamisad, kanoni fsiqologiur Zaladobad miiCnevda
msxverplis mimarT erTjeradad/erTxel ganxorcielebul
qmedebasac.
rac Seexeba moZaladeTa miTiTebas, rom Semakavebeli or-
deris gamocemiT maT SeezRudaT samsaxurSi misvlis ufle-
ba, mosarCele policiis TanamSromlis SefasebiT, msxver-
plis usafrTxoebis interesi aRmatebulia da gadawonis mo-
Zaladis individualur saWiroebebs, Sesabamisad, aseT dros
kanonmdebloba gamarTlebulad miiCnevda adamianis calke-
uli uflebebis SezRudvas ufro didi samarTlebrivi sike-
Tis gadarCenisa da dacvis xarjze, rac gaiziara saapelacio
sasamarTlom.
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, saapelacio sasamar-
Tlom gaauqma pirveli instanciis samarTlos gadawyveti-
leba, riTac moZaladeTa winaaRmdeg gamocemul Semakavebel
orderebs daubrunda Sesasruleblad savaldebulo Zala.
saapelacio sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa pala-
ta ganmartavs, rom genderuli Zaladoba aris nebismieri
qmedeba, romelmac SeiZleba qals miayenos fizikuri an fsi-
qologiuri ziani. saapelacio palata yuradRebas amaxvi-
84
lebs im garemoebaze, rom fsiqologiuri Zaladobis ZiriTa-
di niSnebi vlindeba dacinvaSi, cinikur an damamcirebel Se-
niSvnebSi, muqaraSi, izolirebaSi, daSinebaSi, anu im qmede-
bebSi, romlebic amcirebs adamianis TviTSefasebas da akar-
gvinebs sakuTari Tavis rwmenas. amasTan, samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT, ar aqvs mniSvneloba, moZalade msxverpls
daemuqreba pirdapiri formiT, masTan uSualod kontaqti-
sas, Tu distanciurad, mesame piris meSveobiTa da gamoyene-
biT.
mocemuli ganmartebebis Semdeg sasamarTlom CaTvala,
rom mamakacebis mier msxverpli qalisaTvis naTqvami fraza,
„Sen aravin gekiTxeba, Cven amas yvelafers davalagebT“,
msxverplis TanamSromeli mamakacis mimarT naTqvami sityve-
bi, „qalTan ra ginda, gadmodi kacebTan“, da moswavlisaTvis
naTqvami, „Sens maswavlebels kiseri aqvs wasamtvrevi“, pir-
dapir miuTiTebda genderuli niSniT fsiqologiuri Zala-
dobis arsebobaze. 77
2.1.1 Semakavebeli orderis gamocema riskebis Sefase-

bis safuZvelze (riskebis Sefasebis instrumenti
da misi gamoyenebis meTodologia)
2018 wlis pirveli seqtembridan Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-

troSi dainerga riskebis Sefasebis instrumenti, romelic
exmareba policiis TanamSromels, struqturirebuli kiT-
xvarebis meSveobiT, moaxdinos Zaladobis faqtisa da masSi
monawile pirebis Sesaxeb srulyofili informaciis Segro-
veba da moZaladisagan mosalodneli riskebis identifici-
reba. aRniSnuli instrumenti, erTi mxriv, xels uwyobs po-
liciis mier swori gadawyvetilebebis miRebas da, meore
mxriv, arsebuli riskebisa da safrTxeebis Sesabamisi Ronis-
Ziebebis dagegmvas ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis Tavidan asaci-
leblad.
77 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 26 oqtombris №3/b-2739-

18 gadawyvetileba.
85
aRniSnuli meqanizmis danergvamde policiis TiToeuli
TanamSromeli, savaraudo Zaladobaze reagirebisas, Tavisi
Sexedulebisamebr gansazRvravda dasasmeli kiTxvebis rao-
denobas, Sinaarss, formulirebasa da rigiTobas. garda imi-
sa, rom aseTi arastruqturirebuli midgoma ganapirobebda
araerTgvarovan midgomasa da praqtikas, SeuZlebeli iyo
riskebis sworad Sefaseba. 78
riskebis Sefasebis instrumenti integrirebulia Semaka-
vebeli orderis oqmSi, romelic damtkicebulia Sinagan saq-
meTa ministris 2018 wlis 13 ivlisis №81 brZanebiT. Semaka-
vebeli orderis oqmi Sedgeba 7 blokisgan/nawilisgan, masSi
riskis Sesafaseblad relevantur kiTxvebTan erTad gamo-
yofilia Sesabamisi grafebi, romlebSic unda mieTiTos in-
formacia savaraudo Zaladobis Sesaxeb, maT Soris, savarau-
do Zaladobis fabula, piradi informacia savaraudo
msxverplisa da moZaladis Sesaxeb, maTi kavSirisa Tu naTe-
sauri urTierTobis Taobaze da sxva saWiro informacia,
romelic incidentSi monawile pirebsa da saqmis garemoe-
bebs ukavSirdeba da romlis dafiqsirebasac policiis Ta-
namSromeli mizanSewonilad miiCnevs.
aRniSnuli brZanebiT dadgenili wesis mixedviT, rome-
lic 2018 wlis pirvel seqtembers Sevida ZalaSi, policiis
uflebamosili TanamSromeli afasebs qalTa mimarT an/da
ojaxSi Zaladobis ganmeorebis risks da am riskis simZimis
mixedviT iRebs erT-erT Semdeg gadawyvetilebas:
1. Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis Sesaxeb;
2. Semakavebeli orderis gamocemaze uaris Tqmis Sesa-
xeb.
amdenad, ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis riskebisa da am riskis
simZimis Sefaseba xdeba Semakavebeli orderis oqmSi asaxu-
li kiTxvebis saSualebiT, xolo ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis
riskis simZime SeiZleba iyos dabali, saSualo da maRali, es
78 Toloraia l., Semakavebeli orderi, irina aqubardias saiubileo kre-

buli, m. ivaniZis redaqtorobiT, 2020, 151.
86
ganisazRvreba Semakavebeli orderis oqmSi miTiTebuli
kiTxvebisaTvis miniWebuli qulebis safuZvelze.
TiToeul kiTxvas, misi Sinaarsisa da xarisxis, maT Soris,
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, ramdenad saSiSi SeiZleba iyos moZa-
ladis qceva samomavlod, miniWebuli aqvs konkretuli qu-
la, romlis saSualebiTac gamoiTvleba riskebi. ojaxSi Za-
ladobisa da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebSi, Semaka-
vebeli orderis oqmis kiTxvarebis saSualebiT, policiis
uflebamosili TanamSromlebi afaseben ganmeorebiTi Zala-
dobis riskebis simZimes da, saTanado safuZvlebis arsebo-
bisas, gamoscemen Semakavebel orders.
 ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis maRali riskia, Tu minimum erTi
dadebiTi pasuxi dafiqsirda Semakavebeli orderis oq-
mSi miTiTebul iseT kiTxvaze, romelsac miniWebuli aqvs
5 qula;
 ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis maRali riskia, Tu minimum erTi
dadebiTi pasuxi dafiqsirda Semakavebeli orderis oq-
mSi miTiTebul iseT kiTxvaze, romelsac miniWebuli aqvs
3 qula;
 ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis dabali riskia, Tu dadebiTi pa-
suxi dafiqsirda Semakavebeli orderis oqmSi miTiTe-
bul iseT kiTxvaze, romelsac miniWebuli aqvs 1 qula.
roca ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis maRali riskia, orderi ga-

moicema 1 Tvis (30 dRe) vadiT, xolo roca saSualo an daba-
li riskia, orderi SeiZleba gamoices ufro mcire vadiTac.
am SemTxvevaSi orderis gamocemis konkretul vadas gansaz-
Rvravs policieli saqmis garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
87
ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis maRali riski
Semakavebeli orderis oqmSi aris
maRali riskis ganmsazRvrel
maRali riskis ganmsazRvreli 5
kiTxvas miniWebuli aqvs 5 qula
kiTxva
ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis saSualo riski

saSualo riskis ganmsazRvrel
saSualo riskis ganmsazRvreli 10
kiTxva
ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis dabali riski

dabali riskis ganmsazRvrel
dabali riskis ganmsazRvreli 9
kiTxva
Semakavebeli orderis gamocema savaldebuloa, Tu qula-

Ta raodenobam Seadgina minimum 5 qula. ar aqvs mniSvneloba,
qulebi Segrovdeba saSualo da dabali riskis ganmsazRvre-
li kiTxvebis Sekrebis gziT, Tu erT maRali riskis ganmsaz-
Rvrel SekiTxvaze dafiqsirdeba dadebiTi pasuxi. Semakave-
beli orderis gamocemis valdebulebis warmoSobisTvis
mTavaria, rom riskebis Sefasebis safuZvelze minimum 5 qu-
la Segrovdes. Tu qulaTa raodenobam Seadgina 5 qulaze
naklebi, policiis uflebamosil TanamSromels aqvs dis-
krecia, individualuri garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Ta-
vad miiRos gadawyvetileba, gamosces Tu ara Semakavebeli
orderi. Semakavebeli orderis gamocema SesaZlebelia maSi-
nac, rodesac msxverpli ar TanamSromlobs samarTaldamca-
vebTan da Tavs aridebs policiis TanamSromlis mier das-
mul SekiTxvebs. amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos moZaladis mi-
marT SiSi, arsebuli fsiqologiuri mdgomareobidan gamom-
dinare, movlenebisa da riskebis adekvaturad gaazrebis
problema da a.S., rac saxelmwifos ar aTavisuflebs pasu-
xismgeblobisgan, gamoiyenos yvela Sesabamisi RonisZieba
msxverplTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, Tu amis saWi-
roebas dainaxavs, maTi mxridan faqtebis uaryofis an/da wi-
naaRmdegobis gawevis miuxedavad. zogjer msxverplebi mxo-
88
lod Zaladobis Sedegad gamowveuli stresidan mcire xnis
Semdeg acnobiereben, rom uSualod Zaladobis momentSi ma-
Ti Tavisufali neba paralizebuli iyo. maTze bevri faqto-
ri moqmedebs da isini ver iReben gadawyvetilebas sakuTari
interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. kerZod, im momentSi ganicdi-
an Zaladobisgan gamowveul „fiziologiuri“ gaSeSebis re-
aqcias. naTesavebis zewolis, sazogadoebis reagirebisa Tu
moZaladis SiSis gamo, isini ver axerxeben sakuTari pozici-
is bolomde dafiqsirebas, rasac mogvianebiT nanoben ki-
dec. 79 aseT dros gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, SesaZleb-
lobis farglebSi, policiis mier damatebiTi informaciis
moZieba da msxverplis mier TanamSromlobaze uaris Tqmis
SesaZlo motivebis identificireba (mag., msxverpli uar-
yofs Zaladobas da uars acxadebs Semakavebeli orderis ga-
mocemaze, Tumca arsebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi miuTi-
Tebs imaze, rom adgili hqonda Zaladobas da policiis dak-
virebiT/Sinagani rwmeniT arsebobs misi ganmeorebis saf-
rTxe).
Semakavebeli orderis oqmSi sul mocemulia 24 tipis Se-
kiTxva. yvela kiTxva riskis donis Sesafaseblad da Semakave-
beli orderis gamocemis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis misaRe-
bad gamoiyeneba, Tumca kiTxvebis nawiliT moZaladisaTvis
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dawesebis safuZvlianoba
fasdeba. kiTxvebis umravlesobaze, kerZod, 20 SekiTxvaze,
pasuxebi unda dafiqsirdes msxverplisgan miRebuli infor-
maciis safuZvelze, xolo 4 SekiTxvaze pasuxis gansazRvra
unda moxdes moZaladis warsulis gadamowmebis Sedegad, ra-
Sic policiis TanamSromels Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sa-
informacio bazebSi arsebuli monacemebi exmareba. kerZod,
policielma, Semakavebeli orderis oqmis Sevsebisas, sain-
formacio bazaSi unda gadaamowmos moZaladis mimarT
iyo/aris Tu ara gamocemuli Semakavebeli an damcavi orde-
ri amave an sxva msxverplis mimarT, aseve, fiqsirdeba Tu ara
79 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis specialuri angariSi „qalTa mimarT

Zaladoba da ojaxSi Zaladoba saqarTveloSi“, 2015, 52, ix.
https://bit.ly/3anGkk1 [30.10.2020].
89
moZaladis mier Semakavebeli an/da damcavi orderis dar-
Rvevis faqti, moZaladis mier warsulSi Cadenilia Tu ara
Zaladobrivi danaSauli da mis saxelze registrirebulia
Tu ara cecxlsasroli iaraRi. aRniSnuli informacia,
msxverplis mier miwodebul garemoebebTan erTad, polici-
is TanamSromels exmareba, srulyofilad Seafasos moZala-
dis pirovnuli da qceviTi maxasiaTeblebi.
mas Semdeg, rac policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli
daasrulebs Semakavebeli orderis oqmis Sevsebas, miRebuli
Sedegebidan gamomdinare, unda gadawyvitos Semakavebeli
orderis gamocemis sakiTxi, xolo dadebiT SemTxvevaSi, un-
da daiwyos Semakavebeli orderis Sevseba. Semakavebeli or-
deris oqmis Semdgeneli piris xelmoweriT damowmebuli as-
li unda gaegzavnos zedamxedvel prokurors. aRniSnuli
gziT, Semakavebeli orderis oqmi gadis damatebiT filtrs,
kerZod, prokurori afasebs, dokumentSi dafiqsirebuli
informacia xom ar Seicavs danaSaulis niSnebs. Tu Seicavs
romelime danaSaulis niSnebs, prokurori mimarTavs Sinagan
saqmeTa saministros Sesabamis danayofs gamoZiebis dasawye-
bad.
arsebuli praqtikiT, rogorc wesi, Semakavebeli orde-
ris oqmis Sevsebis Semdeg, policiis uflebamosili Tanam-
Sromeli, Zaladobis ganmeorebis riskebze dayrdnobiT
(dagrovili qulebis mixedviT), iRebs gadawyvetilebas Sema-
kavebeli orderis gamocemis an gamocemaze uaris Tqmis Se-
saxeb. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamoica Semakavebeli orderi, po-
liciis TanamSromeli ukavSirdeba moZalades da awvdis in-
formacias mis mimarT Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis, da-
wesebuli SezRudvebisa da maTi darRvevis SemTxvevaSi mosa-
lodneli pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze da adgens satelefono
gasaubrebis oqms imis dasturad, rom namdvilad miawoda
moZalades informacia.
zogjer rTuldeba msxverplisa da moZaladis identi-
ficreba, vinaidan adgilze misul policiis TanamSromels
orive mxare ucxadebs, rom adgili hqonda Zaladobas (amas
kidev ufro damajerebels xdis is faqti, rom zogjer, ori-
90
ve mxares aReniSneba dazianebebi). radgan orive mxare miu-
TiTebs ganxorcielebul Zaladobaze, rogorc wesi, poli-
ciis TanamSromlis mier orive pirTan, rogorc potenciur
msxverplTan, ivseba Semakavebeli orderis oqmi, romelic
SemdgomSi, Sesabamisi qulebis dagrovebis gamo, xdeba e.w.
„jvaredini“ Semakavebeli orderebis gamocemis safuZveli.
kerZod, erTi Semakavebeli orderiT piri iZens msxverplis
statuss, xolo meore orderiT – moZaladis. aseT SemTxve-
vaSi orive mxare moklebuli iqneba Sesabamisi servisebiT,
maT Soris, TavSesafriT, sargeblobis SesaZleblobas, vina-
idan orive maTgans eqneba moZaladis statusi. Sesabamisad,
mocemul viTarebaSi mniSvnelovania, detalurad iqnes ga-
mokvleuli, Tu vin iyo Zaladobis iniciatori, romelime
mxare xom ar imyofeboda Tavdacvis reJimSi da xom ar moi-
poveba damatebiT sxva mtkicebuleba, romelic ufro na-
Telsa da gasagebs gaxdis arsebul garemoebebs.
2.1.2 riskebis Sefaseba da Semakavebeli orderis gamo-

cema gamoZiebis dawyebis an mimdinareobisas
2018 wlis 30 maiss „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi

Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da dax-
marebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlSi ganxor-
cielebuli cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, romelic imave wlis
ivnisSi amoqmedda, policiis uflebamosili TanamSromlis
valdebulebad ganisazRvra Semakavebeli orderis gamocema
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Semdegi muxle-
biT (108-e, 109-e, 115-e, 117-e, 118-e, 120-e, 126-e, 137-e da 138-
e, 143-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „e“ qvepunqtiTa da me-4 nawiliT,
144-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „i“ qvepunqtiTa da me-3 nawiliT,
1441 -1443 da 151-e muxlebiT, 160-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „a“
qvepunqtiTa da me-3 nawiliT da 3811 muxliT) gamoZiebis daw-
yebis an mimdinareobis SemTxvevaSi.
aRniSnuli muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi danaSa-
ulebi:
91
 ssk-is 108-e muxli – ganzrax mkvleloba;
 ssk-is 109-e muxli – ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebel
garemoebebSi;
 ssk-is 115-e muxli – TviTmkvlelobamde miyvana;
 ssk-is 117-e muxli – janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazia-
neba;
 ssk-is 118-e muxli – janmrTelobis ganzrax naklebad
mZime dazianeba;
 ssk-is 120-e muxli – janmrTelobis ganzrax msubuqi da-
zianeba;
 ssk-is 126-e muxli – Zaladoba;
 ssk-is 137-e muxli – gaupatiureba;
 ssk-is 138-e muxli – seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari qme-
deba;
 ssk-is 143-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „e“ qvepunqti – Tavi-
suflebis ukanono aRkveTa sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTe-
lobisaTvis saSiSi ZaladobiT an/da aseTi Zaladobis ga-
moyenebis muqariT;
 ssk-is 143-e muxlis me-4 nawili – Tavisuflebis ukano-
no aRkveTa, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier, an/da
Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa, ramac gamoiwvia dazara-
lebulis sicocxlis mospoba an sxva mZime Sedegi;
 ssk-is 144-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „i“ qvepunqti – mZev-
lad xelSi Cagdeba sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaT-
vis saSiSi ZaladobiT an/da aseTi Zaladobis gamoyenebis
muqariT;
 ssk-is 144-e muxlis me-3 nawili – mZevlad xelSi Cagde-
ba, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier, an/da mZevlad
xelSi Cagdeba, ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sicoc-
xlis mospoba an sxva mZime Sedegi;
 ssk-is 1441 muxli – wameba;
 ssk-is 1442 muxli – wamebis muqara;
 ssk-is 1443 muxli – damamcirebeli an araadamianuri mop-
yroba;
92
 ssk-is 151-e muxli – muqara;
 ssk-is 160-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „a“ qvepunqti – binis
an sxva mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva, Cadeni-
li ZaladobiT an Zaladobis muqariT;
 ssk-is 160-e muxlis me-3 nawili – binis an sxva mflobe-
lobis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva jgufurad an/da samsa-
xurebrivi mdgomareobis an iaraRis gamoyenebiT;
 ssk-is 3811 muxli – Semakavebeli an damcavi orderiT
gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis Se-
usrulebloba. arasrulwlovnis gancalkevebis Sesaxeb
socialuri muSakis gadawyvetilebisadmi daumorCileb-
loba.
zemoxsenebul danaSaulebze Sesabamisi muxliT gamoZie-

bis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi policieli aRar afasebs riskebs
da savaldebulo wesiT gamoscems Semakavebel orders.
miuxedavad imisa, rom muxlebis CamonaTvali aris zoga-
di, Semakavebeli orderis gamocema mainc SezRudulia Sesa-
bamis subieqtTa wriT, amitom Semakavebeli orderis gamo-
cemis valdebuleba policiis uflebamosil TanamSromels
aqvs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac zemoxsenebuli rome-
lime muxliT gamoZieba daiwyo 111 muxlze miTiTebiT (mag.,
111-151) an gamoZieba daiwyo romelime zemoxsenebuli mux-
liT da irkveva, rom savaraudo dazaralebuli aris qali,
romelic araojaxiswevris mxridan genderuli diskrimina-
ciis motiviT gaxda SesaZlo danaSaulis msxverpli.
amdenad, zemoxsenebuli romelime muxliT gamoZiebis
dawyebis miuxedavad, aucilebelia, rom igi ganxilul iqnes
ojaxuri danaSaulis konteqstSi an savaraudo danaSauleb-
riv faqts adgili hqondes qalis mimarT genderuli diskri-
minaciis motiviT. aRniSnuli ganmarteba gamomdinareobs Se-
makavebeli orderis gamocemis zogadi principebidan, rom-
lebic iTvaliswinebs saTanado subieqtebis arsebobas.
mag., erT-erT saqmeze, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 111-
151-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT (muqara ojaxis wevris mimarT.
2019 wlis 15 oqtombramde moqmedi redaqciiT, ojaxis wev-
93
ris mimarT Cadenili muqara sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
151-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT fasdeboda) gamoZiebis dawyebis
paralelurad, policiis TanamSromelma, msxverplis dacvis
mizniT, gamosca Semakavebeli orderi. moZaladem aRniSnuli
gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra sasamarTloSi. mosamarTlem ar
daakmayofila sarCeli, ZalaSi datova Semakavebeli orderi
da dasabuTebisas miuTiTa, rom gasaCivrebuli Semakavebeli
orderi gamoica sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamoZiebis daw-
yebis/mimdinareobis procesSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi policiis
uflebamosili TanamSromlis mier msxverplis dacvisa da
moZaladis garkveuli moqmedebebis SezRudvis uzrunvel-
sayofad droebiTi RonisZiebis saxis Semakavebeli orderis
gamocema savaldebulo iyo. 80
aRsaniSnavia, rom zemoxsenebuli debuleba Semakavebeli
orderis gamocemis valdebulebas iTvaliswinebs iseTi mux-
lebiT gamoZiebis dawyebis SemTxvevaSic, romlebic miuTi-
Tebs dasrulebul danaSaulze (mag., ssk-is 108-e, 109-e, 115-e
muxli – im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adgili hqonda piris TviTmkvle-
lobamde miyvanas). aseT dros aRar aris relevanturi Sema-
kavebeli orderis gamocema, vinaidan msxverpli ukve gar-
dacvlilia da aRar arsebobs samarTlebrivi sikeTe, rom-
lis dacvis valdebulebac aqvs policiels. normis logiku-
ri ganmartebidan gamomdinare, mxolod maSin SeiZleba iyos
relevanturi Semakavebeli orderis gamocema, rodesac ad-
gili aqvs danaSaulis momzadebas an mcdelobas. mocemuli
miznebisaTvis aRar aris relevanturi am CamonaTvalSi ssk-
is 108-e muxlis arseboba, radgan 2018 wlis 30 noembers sa-
qarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi miRebuli cvlile-
bebis Sesabamisad, ganzrax mkvleloba ojaxis wevris mimarT
an genderis niSniT ganisazRvra ssk-is 109-e muxlis damamZi-
mebel garemoebad, Sesabamisad, amave kodeqsis 111 muxlidan
amoRebul iqna ssk-is 108-e muxli. paralelurad cvlilebe-
bi ar ganxorcielebula „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da
80 gurjaanis raionuli sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 5 martis

№340370520003505401 gadawyvetileba.
94
ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa
da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamis debu-
lebebSi, romlebic ukve aRar Seesabameba sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis 111 muxls. amdenad, zemoxsenebuli cvlile-
bebis Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia ojaxis wevris an genderis
niSniT qalis mkvleloba, maT Soris, misi momzadeba da mcde-
loba, dakvalificirdes ssk-is 108-e muxliT.
zemoxsenebuli garemoebebis arsebobisas, Semakavebeli
orderis gamocemasTan erTad, savaldebuloa masSi iaraRiT
sargeblobis SezRudvaze miTiTeba. 81 es SeiZleba iyos iara-
RiT (maT Soris, samsaxurebriv-saStato iaraRiT) sargeblo-
bis uflebis SezRudva an akrZalva, iaraRis SeZenis an mis Se-
Zenaze nebarTvis an licenziis mopovebis uflebis akrZalva
da pirad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli an/da kuTvnili iaraRis
(maT Soris, samsaxurebriv-saStato iaraRis) droebiT Ca-
morTmeva.
zemoxsenebuli debulebebis miRebis saWiroeba ganapi-
roba ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebTan/ojaxur danaSaulebTan
brZolis meqanizmebis daxvewis aucileblobam, gansakuTre-
biT im SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme exeba danaSaulis Cadenas ia-
raRis gamoyenebiT. kerZod, ojaxuri danaSaulis aRkveTisa
da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis ukeT dacvis mizniT gai-
zarda policielis uflebamosileba da ganisazRvra Sem-
Txvevebi, rodesac mas Semakavebeli orderis gamocemisa da
aRniSnul dokumentSi iaraRiT sargeblobis uflebis Sez-
Rudvis miTiTebis kanoniT uzrunvelyofili ufleba eqne-
ba. 82
Tumca aRniSnuli norma, romelic Semakavebeli orderis
gamocemis valdebulebas gansazRvravs, aris bundovani da
81 „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zalado-

muxli 10, nawili 34.
82 ganmartebiTi baraTi saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze „qalTa mimarT
Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxverplTa
dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebis Se-
tanis Taobaze“, 1, ix. https://bit.ly/3miA7v6 [30.10.2020].
95
praqtikaSi qmnis garkveul sirTuleebs. kerZod, zogjer ga-
moZieba iwyeba minimaluri informaciis safuZvelze da ar
aris xolme identificirebuli savaraudo msxverplis an/da
moZaladis vinaoba. Sesabamisad, formalurad gamoZiebis
dawyeba maSin, rodesac SesaZloa arc dadasturdes Zalado-
bis faqti, ar unda ganixilavdes Semakavebeli orderis ga-
mocemis valdebulebas. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom polici-
elma gadawyvetileba Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis Tao-
baze unda miiRos riskebis Sefasebis safuZvelze, romelic
Sesabamisi meTodologiiT afasebs, ramdenad arsebobs Zala-
dobis ganmeorebis safrTxe. normis bundovanebaze metyve-
lebs isic, rom Semakavebeli orderi unda gamoices ara mar-
to gamoZiebis dawyebis, aramed misi mimdinareobis SemTxve-
vaSic. im viTarebaSi, rodesac xSirad gamoZieba ramdenime
Tve grZeldeba, gaugebaria, ramdenjer unda gamosces poli-
ciis TanamSromelma Semakavebeli orderi da valdebulia
Tu ara, rom erTTviani vadis gasvlis Semdeg kvlav gamosces
aRniSnuli dokumenti manam, sanam jer kidev mimdinareobs
gamoZieba. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilia,
rom Seicvalos kanonmdeblobis is Canaweri, romelic poli-
ciels gamoZiebis dawyebis an mimdinareobisas Semakavebeli
orderis gamocemis valdebulebas akisrebs, vinaidan SeuZ-
lebelia, winaswar, yovelgvari Sefasebis gareSe, gadawydes
orderis gamocemis sakiTxi. swored riskebis Sefasebis in-
strumentis gamoyenebis gziT unda ganisazRvros misi gamo-
cemis relevanturoba.
2.1.3 riskebis Sefaseba da Semakavebeli orderis gamo-

cema moZaladis mier penitenciuri dawesebulebis
datovebisas
msxverplis usafrTxoebisa dacvisa da ganmeorebiTi Za-

ladobis prevenciis mizniT, kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs
dazaralebulis informirebas mas Semdeg, rac moZalade da-
tovebs penitenciur dawesebulebas. aseT dros policiis
uflebamosili TanamSromeli afasebs moZaladis mier
96
msxverplis mimarT SesaZlo Zaladobis ganmeorebis riskebs
da sakuTari iniciativiT iRebs gadawyvetilebas Semakavebe-
li orderis gamocemis an gamocemaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Semakavebeli orderis gamosacemad auci-
lebeli ar aris Zaladobis axali faqtis arseboba da mTava-
ria imis Sefaseba, ramdenad maRalia albaToba, rom moZala-
de penitenciuri dawesebulebis datovebis Semdeg kvlav
iZaladebs msxverplze.
penitenciuri dawesebeleba valdebulia, Zaladobis Cam-
deni piris (moZaladis) penitenciuri dawesebulebidan ga-
Tavisuflebis, gaqcevis, msjavrdebulis Tavisuflebis aR-
kveTis dawesebulebidan xanmokle gasvlis (patimrobis ko-
deqsis 27-e muxliT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad), aseve ga-
TavisuflebisTvis momzadebis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis da-
wesebulebaSi moTavsebuli msjavrdebulis gasvlis Sem-
TxvevaSi (patimrobis kodeqsis 716 muxlis me-3 nawilis Sesa-
bamisad), dauyovnebliv gaugzavnos werilobiTi Setyobine-
ba saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros.
aucilebelia, rom penitenciurma samsaxurma Sinagan saq-
meTa saministros informacia gaugzavnos zemoaRniSnuli
garemoebebis dadgomamde, raTa saministrom droulad SeZ-
los msxverplisTvis informaciis miwodeba. mizanSewoni-
lia, penitenciurma samsaxurma saministros informacia mia-
wodos zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebis dadgomamde ramdenime
dRiT an kviriT adre, Tu, ra Tqma unda, amis winaswar gansaz-
Rvra SesaZlebelia. mag., Tu iwureba msjavrdebulis mier
mosaxdeli sasjelis vada. winaswar gansazRvra SeuZlebe-
lia, mag., iseTi SemTxvevis arsebobisas, rodesac msjavrde-
buli gaiqceva penitenciuri dawesebulebidan.
mas Semdeg, rac Sinagan saqmeTa saministro penitenciuri
dawesebulebidan miiRebs Sesabamis informacias, valdebu-
lia, aRniSnuli garemoebis Sesaxeb informacia Seatyobinos
msxverpls, ris Taobazec policiis uflebamosili Tanam-
Sromeli adgens Sesabamis oqms. oqmSi asaxuli unda iyos po-
liciis mier msxverplTan gasaubrebis Sedegebi, kerZod,
msjavrdebulisadmi msxverplis damokidebuleba msxver-
97
plisadmi msjavrdebulis damokidebuleba sasjelis moxdis
periodSi da sxva informacia, romelic SeiZleba mniSvnelo-
vani iyos msxverplis mimarT Zaladobis ganmeorebis riskis
Sesafaseblad.
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros uflebamosili TanamSrome-
li afasebs msxverplisgan miRebul informacias. riskis Se-
fasebis procesSi igi uflebamosilia, penitenciuri dawese-
bulebidan gamoiTxovos msjavrdebulis individualuri Se-
fasebis angariSi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msxverplisgan miRebu-
li informacia da msjavrdebulis individualuri Sefase-
bis angariSSi asaxuli cnobebi iZleva sakmaris safuZvels
varaudisTvis, rom msxverplis mimarT Zaladoba SeiZleba
ganmeordes, policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli adgens
penitenciuri dawesebulebidan gaTavisuflebuli/gamosu-
li piris adgilsamyofels da misTvis Sesabamisi axsna-gan-
martebis CamorTmevis Semdeg iRebs gadawyvetilebas Semaka-
vebeli orderis gamocemis an mis gamocemaze uaris Tqmis Se-
saxeb. Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis SemTxvevaSi saval-
debulo ar aris msxverplis mxridan Sesabamisi moTxovnis
arseboba. policia uflebamosilia, sakuTari iniciativiT
gamosces Semakavebeli orderi, Tu arsebobs sakmarisi sa-
fuZveli varaudisTvis, rom SeiZleba dairRves piris kon-
stituciuri uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi ugulebelyofiT
an iZulebiT an/da mis mimarT fizikuri, fsiqologiuri,
ekonomikuri an/da seqsualuri ZaladobiT.
2.2 M moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedve-

lobis daweseba
2020 wlis pirvel seqtembers amoqmedda qalTa mimarT da

ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvis axali meqanizmi. eleq-
tronuli zedamxedveloba aris Semakavebeli orderis aR-
srulebis instrumenti, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebe-
lia moZaladis kontroli mis mier msxverplTan miaxloebis
Tavidan asacileblad.
98
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtis
arsebobisas policiis uflebamosil TanamSromels SeuZlia
Semakavebeli orderis gamocemasTan erTad, romliTac mo-
Zalades akrZaluli aqvs msxverplTan miaxloeba, mis mimarT
daawesos eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba. amdenad, moZala-
dis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba SeiZleba dawes-
des Semakavebeli orderis gamocemisas, agreTve Semakavebe-
li orderis moqmedebis periodSi nebismier dros da igi
xorcieldeba araumetes Semakavebeli orderis moqmedebis
vadiT, anu maqsimum erTi Tvis (30 dRe) ganmavlobaSi, Tumca
moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba SesaZle-
belia dawesdes ufro naklebi vadiTac.
moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis, ro-
gorc msxverplis dacvis droebiTi RonisZiebis, daweseba
dasaSvebia gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs moZa-
ladis mxridan Zaladobis ganmeorebis realuri safrTxe.
policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli aRniSnuls afasebs
Sinagan saqmeTa ministris №81 brZanebiT damtkicebuli Se-
makavebeli orderis oqmiT gansazRvruli riskebis Sefase-
bis kiTxvaris mixedviT. aRniSnuli safrTxeebis Sefasebisas
gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva garemoeba, maT Soris, war-
sulSi moZaladis mier mis mimarT gamocemuli Semakavebeli
an/da damcavi orderis darRvevis faqti da xasiaTi, war-
sulSi Zaladobrivi danaSaulis Cadenis faqti, moZaladis
mxridan muqaris an/da mis mier fizikuri Zaladobis ganxor-
cielebisas civi/cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis/de-
monstrirebis faqti da sxva garemoebebi.
moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dawe-
sebis moTxovnis ufleba aqvs msxverpls, msxverplis ojaxis
wevrs an/da msxverplis TanxmobiT – socialur muSaks an
pirs, romelic msxverpls uwevs samedicino, iuridiul an
fsiqologiur daxmarebas, xolo arasrulwlovnis mimarT
Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi – agreTve meurveobisa da mzrunve-
lobis organos.
imis miuxedavad, Tu vin mimarTavs policias eleqtronu-
li zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Taobaze, mis gamosaye-
99
neblad savaldebulo da aucilebelia msxverplis an misi ka-
nonieri/saproceso warmomadgenlis Tanxmoba. Tu eleqtro-
nuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebaze arasrulwlovani
msxverpli Tanxmobas acxadebs, xolo misi kanonieri/sapro-
ceso warmomadgeneli – uars, gadawyvetileba miiReba aras-
rulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis Sesabamisad.
Semakavebeli orderis oqmSi integrirebuli kiTxvebidan
7 SekiTxva gankuTvnilia eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
dawesebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. es kiTxvebi
Zaladobis ganmeorebis riskebis Sesafasebladac gamoiyene-
ba. policiis TanamSromelma unda Sekribos mxolod eleq-
tronuli zedamxedvelobis svetiT gaTvaliswinebuli qu-
lebi. aRniSnul svetSi Tavmoyrilia yvela maRali riskis Se-
kiTxva (sul aris 5 kiTxva), romlebic fasdeba 5 quliT da
ori saSuali riskis SekiTxva, romlebic fasdeba 3 quliT.
mogrovebul qulaTa raodenobis mixedviT SesaZlebelia
gamoikveTos sami sxvadasxva garemoeba. swored am garemoe-
baTa gaTvaliswinebiT iRebs policiis TanamSromeli gadaw-
yvetilebas eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dawesebis Tao-
baze.
100
Tu Semakavebeli orderis gamocemisas miiReba gadawyve-
tileba moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
dawesebis Sesaxeb, amis Taobaze mieTiTeba Semakavebel or-
derSi. gamoicema eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxor-
cielebis Sesaxeb oqmi da igi gamocemidan 24 saaTis ganmav-
lobaSi dasamtkicebulad waredgineba sasamarTlos. eleq-
tronuli zedamxedveloba ZalaSi Sedis Sesabamisi oqmis ga-
mocemisTanave, Tumca mis safuZvlianobasa da kanonierebas
amowmebs sasamarTlo. eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis oq-
mis 24 saaTis vadaSi sasamarTlosTvis warudgenlobis an sa-
samarTlos mier am oqmis damtkicebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxve-
vaSi, dawesebuli eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis RonisZie-
ba dauyovnebliv unda Sewydes.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb
oqmSi unda mieTiTos:
a) oqmis gamocemis TariRi da adgili;
b) garemoebebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo am oqmis ga-
mocemas;
g) moZaladis saxeli da gvari, dabadebis TariRi, piradi
nomeri da sacxovrebeli adgili;
d) informacia moZaladis nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb;
e) msxverplis saxeli da gvari, dabadebis TariRi da pi-
radi nomeri;
v) msxverplis Tanxmoba eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
ganxorcielebaze;
z) im Semakavebeli orderis rekvizitebi, romelTa uz-
runvelsayofadac gamoiyeneba eleqtronuli zedam-
xedvelobis RonisZieba;
T) msxverplTan, mis samsaxurTan da sxva im adgilebTan,
sadac msxverpli imyofeba, moZaladis miaxloebis ak-
rZalvis Sesaxeb;
i) eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebisas
moZaladis mier eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis gan-
xorcielebis wesiT gansazRvrul sagangaSo zonaSi
SeRwevis an/da buferuli zonis datovebis Sesaxeb
uflebamosili piris moTxovnis Seusruleblobis
101
an/da eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobisaTvis Tavis
aridebis SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeb-
lobis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, agreTve eleqtronuli ze-
damxedvelobis ganxorcielebis mizniT gadacemuli
eleqtronuli saSualebis dazianebis an ganadgurebis
SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis da-
kisrebis Sesaxeb moZaladis gafrTxilebis Taobaze;
k) sxva sakiTxebi, romelTa gadawyvetac aucilebelia
moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
gansaxorcieleblad.
oqmSi mieTiTeba eleqtronuli saSualebis eqspluataciis
instruqcia, romelic Sesasruleblad savaldebuloa.
oqmis Sedgenaze uflebamosil pirebs warmoadgenen:
a) Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sapatrulo policiis de-
partamentis Semdegi Tanamdebobis pirebi:
 oceulis meTauri;
 aTeulis meTauri;
 patrul-inspeqtori.
b) Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriuli organoe-
bis Semdegi Tanamdebobis pirebi:
 ubnis ufrosi inspeqtor-gamomZiebeli;
 ubnis inspeqtor-gamomZiebeli;
 marTlwesrigis ufrosi oficeri;
 marTlwesrigis oficeri;
 deteqtiv-gamomZiebeli;
 deteqtivis TanaSemwe-gamomZiebeli;
 ufrosi deteqtivi;
 deteqtivi;
 ufrosi gamomZiebeli;
 gamomZiebeli.
oqms xels aweren misi gamocemis uflebis mqone piri (poli-
102
ciis uflebamosili TanamSromeli), msxverpli da moZalade,
romlis mimarT gamoica oqmi. Tu msxverpli an/da moZalade
raime mizezis gamo xels ar/ver awers eleqtronuli zedam-
xedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqms, mas xels awers
mxolod policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli. eleqtro-
nuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmSi unda
mieTiTos msxverplis an/da moZaladis mier mis xelmoweraze
uaris Tqmis an xelmoweris SeuZleblobis mizezi.
oqmi amoqmeddeba gamocemisTanave da igi 24 saaTis ganmav-
lobaSi egzavneba/hbardeba msxverplsa da moZalades. eleq-
tronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmis
erTi egzemplari rCeba mis gamomcem organoSi – policiis
Sesabamis danayofSi, xolo erTi egzemplari misi gamocemi-
dan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi dasamtkiceblad waredgineba sa-
samarTlos.
zemoaRniSnuli dawesebulebebis/subieqtebis garda,
oqmis asli dauyovnebliv egzavneba:
a) saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamisi
teritoriuli organos saubno samsaxurs msxverplis
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, eleqtronuli ze-
damxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmiT gaTva-
liswinebuli moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis Seus-
ruleblobaze reagirebis mizniT;
b) saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamis
struqturul qvedanayofs – sainformacio-analiti-
kur departaments informaciis saTanado eleqtro-
nul monacemTa bazaSi Setanis, darRvevaze swrafi da
efeqtiani reagirebisa da statistikuri monacemebis
aRricxvis mizniT;
g) ssip „112“-s, eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxor-
cielebis teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
mas Semdeg, rac policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli
miiRebs gadawyvetilebas eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
103
ganxorcielebis Taobaze da daasrulebs Sesabamisi oqmis
Sedgenas, man unda uzrunvelyos misi teqnikuri aRsruleba.
kerZod, erTi mxriv, aRniSnuli oqmis gamocemis Sesaxeb in-
formacia unda miawodos monitoringis centrs eleqtronu-
li saSualebis gaaqtiurebis mizniT da, meore mxriv, unda
uzrunvelyos msxverplisa da moZaladis eleqtronuli sa-
SualebebiT aRWurva. marTalia, eleqtronuli zedamxedve-
lobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmi unda damtkicdes sasa-
marTlos mier, magram igi ZalaSi Sedis gamocemisTanave, ami-
tom mis aRsasruleblad policieli ar unda daelodos sa-
samarTlos gadawyvetilebas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamar-
Tlo ar daakmayofilebs policielis Suamdgomlobas, aR-
niSnuli gaxdeba eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis gauqmebisa
da moZaladisa da msxverplisTvis specialuri saSualebebis
moxsnis/CamorTmevis safuZveli.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis mizniT
moZaladisaTvis gadacemuli eleqtronuli saSualeba Sed-
geba eleqtronuli samajurisa da mimRebi aparatisgan, rom-
lis dazianeba an ganadgureba iwvevs moZaladisaTvis sis-
xlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas ssk-is 187-e
muxlis Sesabamisad.
Tu eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis
mizniT moZaladisaTvis eleqtronuli saSualebis sxeulze
damagreba adgilze SeuZlebelia, policiis uflebamosil
TanamSromels ufleba aqvs, moZalade gadaiyvanos policiis
uaxloes dawesebulebaSi.
policiaSi iZulebiT miyvanisas moZalades ganemarteba:
a) policiaSi miyvanis safuZveli;
b) advokatis yolis ufleba;
g) ufleba imis Sesaxeb, rom survilis SemTxvevaSi, misi
policiaSi miyvanis faqti da adgilsamyofeli ecno-
bos mis mier dasaxelebul axlobels, agreTve misi sa-
muSao an saswavlo adgilis administracias.
moZaladis policiaSi miyvanisas dgeba oqmi piris miyva-
nis Sesaxeb, romelSic mieTiTeba: oqmis Sedgenis TariRi da
adgili; oqmis Semdgeneli Tanamdebobis piris saxeli, gvari
104
da Tanamdeboba; cnobebi moZaladis Sesaxeb; policiaSi miy-
vanis dro da safuZveli. aRniSnul oqms xels aweren misi
Semdgeneli policiis TanamSromeli da moZalade. Tu moZa-
lade oqmis xelmoweraze uars acxadebs, oqmSi keTdeba Sesa-
bamisi miTiTeba.
moZalade policiaSi unda dayovndes eleqtronuli sa-
Sualebis sxeulze damagrebisaTvis saWiro gonivruli va-
diT. aseve, moZaladis policiaSi yofnis saerTo vada ar un-
da aRematebodes 6 saaTs.
Tu eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Se-
saxeb oqmis gamocemisas adgilze ar imyofeba moZalade, po-
licieli uflebamosilia, eleqtronuli saSualebis sxeul-
ze dasamagreblad igi daibaros saqarTvelos Sinagan saqme-
Ta saministros uflebamosil organoSi. moZaladis mier am
organoSi gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi policia ufleba-
mosilia, ganaxorcielos misi Zebna qveynis masStabiT.
aRaniSnavia, rom policieli uflebamosilia, moZaladi-
saTvis eleqtronuli saSualebis sxeulze dasamagreblad,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyenos iZulebis proporciuli
RonisZiebebi.
eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba xorcieldeba saqarTve-
los iurisdiqciis farglebSi, amitom moZaladesa da
msxverpls ekrZaleba eleqtronuli saSualebiT saqarTve-
los sazRvris gadakveTa. moZalade/msxverpli valdebulia,
mis mier saxelmwifo sazRvris gadakveTis Sesaxeb winaswar
Seatyobinos saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros.
moZaladis mimarT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis ka-
nonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebis (sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis) gamoyeneba ar aferxebs msxver-
plis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad moZaladis mimarT eleq-
tronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebas, Tumca SesaZ-
lebelia, saTanado safuZvlebis arsebobisas, policiels
mouwios eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dawesebis proce-
duris Sewyveta. kerZod, eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmis Sedgenaze uflebamosili pi-
ri iRebs gadawyvetilebas eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
105
dawesebis proceduris Sewyvetis Taobaze, Tu Semakavebeli
orderis oqmiT gaTvaliswinebuli qulaTa raodenoba sakma-
risia eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dasaweseblad da ar-
sebobs msxverplis an misi kanonieri/saproceso warmomad-
genlis Tanxmoba, magram:
a) moZalade daakaves;
b) moZalades Seefarda administraciuli patimroba an
mis mimarT gamoyenebul iqna aRkveTis RonisZiebis sa-
xiT patimroba;
g) miRebulia gadawyvetileba moZaladis mimarT dakave-
bis/dapatimrebis dauyovnebliv gamoyenebaze.
am SemTxvevaSi eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxor-
cielebis Sesaxeb oqmis Sedgenaze uflebamosili piri ad-
gens eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dawesebis procedu-
ris Sewyvetis oqms.
administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis 717 Tavi areguli-
rebs administraciul samarTalwarmoebas eleqtronuli
zedamxedvelobis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. mas Semdeg,
rac eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesa-
xeb oqmis gamocemidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, misi gamoce-
mis adgilis mixedviT dasamtkiceblad waredgineba raio-
nul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos, mosamarTle 24 saaTis ganmav-
lobaSi ganixilavs eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxor-
cielebis Sesaxeb oqmis gamocemis mizanSewonilobis sakiTxs
da iRebs gadawyvetilebas misi damtkicebis, damtkicebaze
uaris Tqmis an nawilobriv damtkicebis Taobaze. moZaladis
mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Se-
saxeb oqmis nawilobriv damtkiceba gulisxmobs amave oqmSi
miTiTebuli vadis Secvlas.
sasamarTlo moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxed-
velobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmis damtkicebis, dam-
tkicebaze uaris Tqmis an nawilobriv damtkicebis Taobaze
gadawyvetilebas iRebs moZaladis mxridan Zaladobis ganme-
orebis safrTxis realurobis gaTvaliswinebiT. mocemul
SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlem yuradReba unda miaqcios riskebis
Sefasebis instrumentSi arsebul garemoebebs.
106
oqmis gamomcemi policiis uflebamosili piri an sasamar-
Tlo procesis monawile sxva piris Sesabamis sasamarTloSi
gamoucxadebloba ar aferxebs aRniSnuli sakiTxis ganxil-
vas da sasamarTlos mier Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis miRe-
bas. mosamarTle uflebamosilia, sasamarTlo procesis mo-
nawile mxaris (arasrulwlovnis SemTxvevaSi – misi kanonie-
ri warmomadgenlis, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos)
an sakuTari iniciativiT saqme daxurul sasamarTlo sxdo-
maze ganixilos.
mniSvnelovania, rom moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli ze-
damxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmis damtkicebis
Taobaze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi detalurad iyos
asaxuli moZaladisaTvis dawesebuli SezRudvebi da msxver-
plis dasacavad gansazRvruli RonisZiebebi. sasamarTlom
unda gansazRvros eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxor-
cielebis Sesaxeb oqmis moqmedebis vada, romelic ar unda
aRematebodes Semakavebeli orderis moqmedebis vadas, Tum-
ca SeiZleba iyos ufro naklebi. vadis gansazRvrisas sasa-
marTlo sxdomaze ismens policiis uflebamosili Tanam-
Sromlis an sasamarTlo procesis monawile sxva piris (misi
daswrebis SemTxvevaSi) pozicias.
moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis gan-
xorcielebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi mieTi-
Teba:
a) gadawyvetilebis miRebis TariRi da adgili;
b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba: mosamarTlis saxeli da gva-
ri;
g) sasamarTlo procesis monawile mxareebi;
d) moZaladis, msxverplis saxeli, gvari da piradi nome-
ri;
e) sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba moZaladis mimarT eleq-
tronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb
oqmis damtkicebis, damtkicebaze uaris Tqmis an nawi-
lobriv damtkicebis Taobaze;
107
v) im Semakavebeli orderis rekvizitebi, romlis uzrun-
velsayofadac gamoiyeneba eleqtronuli zedamxed-
velobis RonisZieba;
z) garemoebebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo eleqtro-
nuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmis
gamocemas;
T) eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis va-
da;
i) informacia moZaladis nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb;
k) eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebaze
msxverplis Tanxmoba, arasrulwlovani msxverplis
SemTxvevaSi – msxverplis an misi kanonieri/saproce-
so warmomadgenlis Tanxmoba;
l) informacia msxverplTan, mis samsaxurTan da sxva im
adgilebTan, sadac msxverpli imyofeba moZaladis mi-
axloebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb;
m) sxva sakiTxebi, romelTa gadawyvetac aucilebelia
moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
gansaxorcieleblad.
moZaladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis gan-
xorcielebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba ZalaSi
Sedis gamocxadebisTanave. es gadawyvetileba dgeba ramde-
nime egzemplarad, romelTagan erTi rCeba sasamarTloSi,
xolo danarCeni egzemplarebi am gadawyvetilebis gamocxa-
debidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi egzavneba:
1. moZalades;
2. msxverpls;
3. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamis
teritoriul organos;
4. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sajaro sa-
marTlis iuridiul pirs – sazogadoebrivi usaf-
rTxoebis marTvis centr „112“-s;
5. eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Se-
saxeb oqmis gamomcem organos;
108
6. meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis Sesabamis adgilobriv
organos, Tu sakiTxi arasrulwlovan msxverpls exe-
ba.
sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba moZaladis
mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Se-
saxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio sasamarTloSi, dasa-
buTebuli gadawyvetilebis mxarisaTvis Cabarebidan 3 dRis
vadaSi. gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ar aCerebs gamocemuli
oqmis moqmedebas. saapelacio sasamarTlo aRniSnul saCi-
varTan dakavSirebiT gadawyvetilebas iRebs saCivris war-
dgenidan 7 dRis vadaSi. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyve-
tileba sabolooa da ar saCivrdeba.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis kon-
kretul wess, eleqtronuli saSualebis maxasiaTeblebsa da
mis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, maT Soris,
im geografiuli zonebis parametrebs, sadac akrZalulia
msxverplTan miaxloeba, gansazRvravs Sinagan saqmeTa minis-
tris 2020 wlis 26 agvistos №126 brZaneba „eleqtronuli
zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis wesis damtkicebis Sesa-
xeb“, romelic imave wlis pirveli seqtembridan amoqmedda.
aRniSnuli brZanebis Tanaxmad, eleqtronuli zedamxed-
velobis ganxorcielebisas gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi eleqtro-
nuli saSualebebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs eleqtronul
samajurs (gadamcemi) da moZaladis/msxverplis mimReb apa-
rats.
 eleqtronuli samajuri aris mowyobiloba, romelic da-
magrebulia moZaladis sxeulze. igi, rogorc wesi, mag-
rdeba moZaladis qveda kidurze, (wvivze) garda im Sem-
Txvevisa, Tu, obieqturi garemoebidan gamomdinare, Se-
uZlebelia eleqtronuli samajuris damagreba moZala-
dis qveda kidurze. aseT SemTxvevaSi eleqtronuli sama-
juri magrdeba moZaladis majaze. samajuris gaaqtiure-
ba SesaZlebelia mxolod specialuri mowyobilobiT da
magrdeba imgvarad, rom misi moxsna dazianebis gareSe Se-
uZlebelia. igi aris wyalgamZle da funqcionirebs wyal-
109
Si 5 metris siRrmeze, uZlebs dabal (-25 gradusi celsi-
usiT) da maRal temperaturas (+50 gradusi celsiusiT);
 moZaladis mimRebi aparati uzrunvelyofs moZaladisa
da msxverplis adgilmdebareobis monitorings da moZa-
lades gangaSis signalis meSveobiT atyobinebs msxver-
plTan miaxloebas Sesabamisi geografiuli zonebis mi-
xedviT. Sesabamisad, mimRebi aparati axorcielebs moZa-
ladis mier msxverplTan/msxverplis samsaxurTan, sax-
lTan da sxva akrZalul teritoriasTan miaxloebis mo-
nitorings;
 msxverplis mimRebi aparati uzrunvelyofs msxverplisa
da moZaladis adgilmdebareobis monitorings da
msxverpls gangaSis signalis meSveobiT atyobinebs moZa-
ladis miaxloebas Sesabamisi geografiuli zonebis mi-
xedviT.
2.2.1 moZaladisa da msxverplis valdebulebebi da

pasuxismgebloba
moZalade da msxverpli eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis

ganxorcielebisas valdebulia, daicvas rogorc eleqtro-
nuli zedamxedvelobis, ise eleqtronuli saSualebis mox-
marebisa da eqspluataciis wesebi, kerZod:
 daicvas misTvis gadacemuli eleqtronuli samaju-
ri/mimRebi aparati dazianebisgan/ganadgurebisgan,
xolo maTi dazianebis an ganadgurebis an gaumarTao-
bis SemTxvevaSi acnobos monitoringis centrs;
 ar datovos saqarTvelos teritoria eleqtronul
samajurTan/mimReb aparatTan erTad;
 Seatyobinos saministros uflebamosil organos sa-
qarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris gadakveTis Sesaxeb
(saqarTvelodan gasvlisa da saqarTveloSi Semos-
vlis drois Sesaxeb) informacia sazRvris kveTamde
aranakleb 48 saaTiT adre;
110
 eleqtronuli saSualeba/mimRebi aparati saqarTve-
lodan gasvlamde araumetes 12 saaTiT adre gadasces
uflebamosil teritoriul organos;
 saqarTveloSi Semosvlidan araugvianes 12 saaTisa ga-
mocxaddes uflebamosil teritoriul organoSi
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis gagrZelebis mizniT
eleqtronuli saSualebis/mimRebi aparatis dasamag-
reblad/gadasacemad;
 eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dasrulebis Semdeg
moTxovnisTanave gamocxaddes saministros ufleba-
mosil organoSi, raTa moxdes eleqtronuli samaju-
ris moxsna da moZaladis/msxverplis mimRebi apara-
tis Cabareba;
 Seasrulos monitoringis centris miTiTebebi;
 moZalade valdebulia, sacxovrebeli municipalite-
tis teritoriis datovebisas Seatyobinos monito-
ringis centrs.
sazRvris kveTasTan dakavSirebiT valdebulebebis Seus-
ruleblobis SemTxvevaSi moZalades/msxverpls ezRudeba
saqarTvelos teritoriis datoveba.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobisas moZalade da msxver-
pli valdebulia, daicvas eleqtronuli saSualebis eq-
spluataciis wesi, kerZod:
 SeinarCunos mimRebi aparati damuxtul mdgomareo-
baSi. monitoringis centris uflebamosili Tanam-
Sromeli ukavSirdeba moZalades/msxverpls mimRebi
aparatis damuxtvis saWiroebis Sesaxeb gafrTxile-
bis misacemad, Tu mimRebi aparatis damuxtvis done 30
procentze naklebia;
 mudmivad Tan iqonios mimRebi aparati (araumetes 20
metris radiusSi);
 ganzrax ar daaxSos GPS dafarvis zona;
 imyofebodes GPS dafarvis zonaSi.
111
moZaladis mier eqspluataciis wesis darRvevis eleq-
tronuli zedamxedvelobis sistemaSi asaxvis Semdeg ufle-
bamosili TanamSromeli ukavSirdeba mas da afrTxilebs
darRvevis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb. moZalades uflebamosili
TanamSromli ukavSirdeba rogorc mimRebi aparatis, ise ko-
munikaciis alternatiuli saSualebebis gamoyenebiT (mag.,
pirad mobilur telefonze darekvis gziT).
Tu eqspluataciis wesebis daRvevis Sedegad SeuZlebe-
lia moZaladesTan dakavSireba, aRniSnulis Taobaze ufle-
bamosili piri informacias awvdis saministros Sesabamis
organos. moZaladis adgilsamyofelis dadgenamde/masTan
dakavSirebamde saministros uflebamosili organos warmo-
madgeneli ukavSirdeba msxverpls da masTan SeTanxmebiT
igegmeba da tardeba dacvis saWiro RonisZiebebi.
Tu moZaladis mier eqspluataciis wesis darRvevis Sede-
gad SeuZlebelia eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxor-
cieleba, aRniSnuli CaiTvleba eleqtronuli zedamxedve-
lobisTvis Tavis aridebad, rac iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobas.
2.2.2 geografiuli zonebi
eleqtonuli zedamxedveloba moicavs or geografiul

zonas, sagangaSo da buferul zonas.
112
aRniSnuli zonebi iyofa statikur da dinamikur saganga-
So/buferul zonebad, romelTa mizania ara marto msxver-
plisa da moZaladis ganzrax Sexvedris, aramed maTi Sem-
TxveviTi Sexvedrebis Tavidan acileba.
statikuri sagangaSo/buferuli zona gulisxmobs eleq-
tronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmSi
winaswar miTiTebul adgilebTan (saxli, samsaxuri da sxva
adgili) arsebul geografiul zonebs, anu winaswar ganisaz-
Rvreba is geografiuli zonebi, sadac akrZalulia SeRweva.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis sistemaSi aRniSnuls prog-
ramulad uzrunvelyofs monitoringis centri, eleqtonu-
li zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmSi miTiTe-
buli informaciis Sesabamisad.
dinamikuri sagangaSo/buferuli zona gulisxmobs
msxverplis gadaadgilebisas misi adgilmdebareobis Sesaba-
misad warmoqmnil geografiul zonebs.
moZaladis mimRebi aparati moZalades atyobinebs stati-
kur buferul zonaSi SeRwevis/SemTxveviT moxvedris Sesa-
xeb. statikur buferul zonaSi SeRwevisTanave moZalade
uflebamosili pirisgan iRebs gafrTxilebas teritoriis
datovebisa da daumorCileblobis SemTxvevaSi mosalodne-
li pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. moZalade valdebulia, dato-
vos Sesabamisi teritoria. moZaladis mier aRniSnuli gaf-
rTxilebis Seusrulebloba iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis ko-
deqsiT gaTvaliswinebul pasuxismgeblobas. amasTan, Sem-
dgomi reagirebis mizniT, gafrTxilebis Seusruleblobis
Sesaxeb informacias uflebamosili piri ugzavnis Sinagan
saqmeTa saministros Sesabamis danayofs.
moZaladis mier sagangaSo zonaSi ganzrax SeRweva iwvevs
mis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas da amis Sesaxebac
informacia miewodeba saministros Sesabamis danayofs.
Tu sajaro sivrceSi moZalade dinamikur buferul/sa-
gangaSo zonaSi SemTxveviT moxvdeba, uflebamosili piri
ukavSirdeba moZalades da aZlevs miTiTebas buferuli/sa-
gangaSo zonis datovebis Sesaxeb, moZaladisa da msxverplis
SemTxveviTi Sexvedris Tavidan acilebis mizniT. aRniSnuli
113
moTxovnis Seusrulebloba gamoiwvevs moZaladis sisxlis-
samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, garda im SemTxvevisa, ro-
desac msxverplisa da moZaladis buferul/sagangaSo zona-
Si SemTxveviTi miaxloeba xdeba drois mcire intervalSi da
aRniSnulis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebeli iyo obieqturi ga-
remoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
2.2.3 eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis SeCereba, Sewyveta

da misi vadamde gauqmeba
kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs SemTxvevebs, rodesac Se-

saZlebelia eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba SeCerdes gar-
kveuli vadiT, Sewydes an vadaze adre gauqmdes sasamarTlo-
sadmi mimarTvis gziT.
eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba Cerdeba Sedegi garemoebe-
bis arsebobisas:
 moZaladis an msxverplis mier saqarTvelos terito-
riis datovebisas – sazRvargareT yofnis vadiT;
moZaladis an msxverplis dakavebisas – dakavebis va-
diT;
 moZaladis an msxverplisaTvis administraciuli pa-
timrobis Sefardebisas – administraciuli patimro-
bis vadiT;
 moZaladis an msxverplis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZie-
bis saxiT patimrobis gamoyenebisas – patimrobis va-
diT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis vadis
SeCereba ar iwvevs Semakavebeli orderis vadis SeCerebas da
igi kvlav ganagrZobs moqmedebas im vadiT, romeli vadiTac
aris gamocemuli. eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis SeCerebi-
sas policiis Sesabamisi TanamaSromeli uzrunvelyofs mo-
ZaladisaTvis samajuris moxsnas da adgens Sesabamis oqms,
romelSic unda mieTiTos misi moxsnis dro da misi moqmede-
bis SeCerebis vada. mas Semdeg, rac amoiwureba SeCerebis va-
da da amasTan, Semakavebeli orderis moqmedebis vada jer ar
114
aris gasuli, policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli uz-
runvelyofs moZaladisaTvis eleqtronuli samajuris Ta-
vidan damagrebas da adgens Sesabamis oqms.
eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba avtomaturad wydeba Semde-
gi garemoebebis arsebobisas:
 eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis vadis gasvlisas;
 moZaladis an msxverplis gardacvalebisas;
 Semakavebeli orderis gauqmebisas.
zemoaRniSnulis garda, eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb oqmis dasamtkiceblad misi sasamar-
TlosTvis 24 saaTis vadaSi warudgenlobis an sasamarTlos
mier am oqmis damtkicebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi dawye-
buli eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba dauyovnebliv unda
Sewydes.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis vadaze adre Sewyvetis
kidev erT gzas warmoadgens sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis
gziT misi gauqmeba.
gamoyenebuli eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis RonisZie-
ba sasamarTlosTvis mimarTvis gziT vadamde SeiZleba gauq-
mdes:
 viTarebis Secvlis, maT Soris, moZaladis mZime avad-
myofobis gamo, Tu Secvlili viTareba gamoricxavs
moZaladis mxridan Zaladobis ganmeorebis risks;
 Tu msxverpli policias mimarTavs eleqtronuli ze-
damxedvelobis ganxorcielebis gauqmebis moTxov-
niT.
aRniSnuli romelime garemoebis dadgomidan 24 saaTis
ganmavlobaSi policia mimarTavs sasamarTlos eleqtronu-
li zedamxedvelobis gauqmebis moTxovniT. sasamarTlo am
mimarTvidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelos kanon-
mdeblobiT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad, ixilavs aRniSnul
sakiTxs da iRebs gadawyvetilebas eleqtronuli zedamxed-
velobis RonisZiebis gauqmebis an ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dasrulebis Semdgom
policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli uzrunvelyofs mo-
115
ZaladisaTvis samajuris moxsnas, am mizniT is uflebamosi-
lia, moZalade daibaros an gadaiyvanos policiis ganyofi-
lebaSi. eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis dasrulebisas xde-
ba moZaladis/msxverplis mimRebi aparatis dabruneba da
dgeba Sesabamisi oqmi.
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros uflebamosil
organos ufleba aqvs, qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi
Zaladobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, daamuSaos moZaladisa
da msxverplis personaluri, maT Soris, eleqtronuli ze-
damxedvelobis Sedegad mopovebuli da moZalades-
Tan/msxverplTan komunikaciis amsaxveli monacemi.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis mizniT
dasaSvebia saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqar-
Tvelos prokuraturas, saqarTvelos okupirebuli teri-
toriebidan devnilTa, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialu-
ri dacvis saministros, saqarTvelos iusticiis saminis-
tros, sasamarTlosa da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi sxva Sesaba-
mis uwyebebs Soris informaciis gacvla.
2.3 damcavi orderis daniSnuleba da misi gamocemis

wesi
damcavi orderi aris pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos

(mosamarTlis) mier administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis
wesiT gamocemuli aqti, romliTac ganisazRvreba msxver-
plis dacvis droebiTi RonisZiebebi.
kanonis Tavdapirveli redaqciiT damcavi orderis gamo-
cema SesaZlebeli iyo 3 Tvemde vadiT. 2009 wlis 28 dekem-
bers ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sedegad gaizarda dam-
cavi orderis moqmedebis vada 6 Tvemde, xolo am vadis gag-
rZeleba SesaZlebeli gaxda orderis moqmedebis periodSi
da damatebiT ara umetes 3 TviT, msxverplis an ojaxis sxva
wevris mimarT safrTxis arsebobisas. damcavi orderis ga-
mocemis vadasTan dakavSirebiT kidev erTi cvlileba amoq-
medda 2020 wlis pirvel seqtembers. marTalia, sakanonmdeb-
lo cvlilebebis Semdeg damcavi orderis gamocemis wesi
116
ucvleli darCa, Tumca gaizarda misi moqmedebis vada da
pirvelive etapze SesaZlebeli gaxda misi gamocema 9 Tvemde
vadiT da damatebiT – misi moqmedebis gagrZeleba 3 Tvemde.
saerTo jamSi, damcavi orderi SesaZloa gamoices da moqme-
debdes maqsimum erTi wlis vadiT. amdenad, damcavi orderi
gamoicema 9 Tvemde vadiT, xolo misi moqmedebis konkre-
tuls vadas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. damcavi orderis
moqmedebis vadis Secvlis sakiTxs aseve wyvets sasamarTlo.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom damcavi orderis moqmedebis va-
dis gagrZeleba SesaZlebelia orderis moqmedebis periodSi
da ara umetes 3 TviT, Tu kvlav arsebobs safrTxe msxver-
plis an ojaxis sxva wevris mimarT.
damcavi orderis gamocemis, aseve sasamarTlosadmi mi-
marTvis wesi da procedura gansazRvrulia administraciu-
li saproceso kodeqsis 73 TaviT.
damcavi orderis gamocemis moTxovnis Taobaze gancxa-
deba ganixileba pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi msxver-
plis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. amdenad, damcavi or-
deris gamocemis Taobaze moTxovnis wardgenis uflebamosi-
lebiT aRWurvilma pirma gancxadeba unda waradginos weri-
lobiTi formiT. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes Semdeg infor-
macias/monacemebs:
a) gancxadebis Semtani piris saxelsa da gvars;
b) gancxadebis Semtani piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mi-
samarTs;
g) moZaladis sacxovrebeli an/da samuSao adgilis misa-
marTsa da telefonis (maT Soris, mobiluris) nomers,
aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi;
d) qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis faq-
tis aRweras;
e) cnobebs moZaladisa da msxverplis, maTi urTierTkav-
Siris Sesaxeb;
v) mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvals;
z) damcavi orderis gamocemis moTxovnas;
T) msxverplis an damcavi orderis gamocemis moTxovnis
uflebis mqone sxva piris xelmoweras.
117
damcavi orderis gamocemis Taobaze wardgenil werilo-
biT gancxadebas SesaZlebelia daerTos Semdegi mtkicebu-
lebebi/dokumentebi:
 ssip sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis marTvis centr-
112-Si Sesuli Setyobineba savaraudo Zaladobis faq-
tTan dakavSirebiT (pirs aqvs ufleba, rom moiTxovos
mis mier dafiqsirebuli Setyobinebis amonaweri);
 arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, policiis reagirebis oqmi/po-
liciis mier gamocemuli Semakavebeli orderi;
 eqimis konsultaciis SemTxvevaSi, janmrTelobis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb cnoba;
 im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moZalade telefoniT an sxva teq-
nikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT Setyobinebebis gag-
zavnis gziT amyarebs msxverplTan komunikacias da es
kavSirSia savaraudo ZaladobasTan, aRsrulebis
erovnuli biuros meSveobiT SesaZlebelia am infor-
maciis saTanado wesiT dafiqsireba, e.w. faqtebis kon-
statacia. aseve, SesaZlebelia mimoweris e.w. „sqrine-
bis“ wardgenac.
 mowmeTa Cvenebebi, romlebic floben informacias Se-
saZlo Zaladobis Sesaxeb.
es mtkicebulebi ar aris amomwuravi da SesaZlebelia,
pirma sasamarTloSi waradginos nebismieri sxva informacia
an dokumenti, romelic miuTiTebs SesaZlo Zaladobis faq-
tze/faqtebze.
gavrcelebuli praqtikiT, rogorc wesi, mxolod msxver-
plis axsna-ganmartebiT ar kmayofildeba damcavi orderis
gamocemis moTxovna. rogorc mosamarTleTa nawili miuTi-
Tebs, damcavi orderis gamocemisaTvis mTavaria Zaladobis
faqtis dadastureba, rac dgindeba mxareTa axsna-ganmarte-
bebisa da mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze. Tu moZaladeebi
adastureben Zaladobis faqts, msxverplis axsna-ganmarte-
basTan erTad es sakmarisia damcavi orderis gamocemisTvis,
xolo Tu moZaladeebi ar eTanxmebian msxverplis mier sasa-
marTlosTvis miwodebul informacias mis mimarT SesaZlo
118
ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT, maSin mosamarTle damatebiTi
informaciis moZiebas cdilobs, aseTi SeiZleba iyos mowme-
Ta Cvenebebi, Zaladobis Semcveli mokle teqsturi Setyobi-
nebebi da a.S. werilobiT mtkicebulebebTan erTad, didi
mniSvneloba aqvs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis sxdomas, process,
romlis drosac mosamarTles xSirad uyalibdeba Sinagani
rwmena damcavi orderis gamocemasTan dakavSirebiT. mag.,
erT-erTi mosamarTle ixsenebs SemTxvevas, rodesac pro-
cesze moZaladis aSkara agresiam msxverplis mimarT Seqmna
STabeWdileba, rom maRali albaTobiT, msxverplis mier mi-
wodebuli informacia Zaladobis Taobaze iyo realuri da
damajerebeli. 83
mosamarTle gancxadebas sasamarTlos kancelariaSi re-
gistraciidan 10 dRis vadaSi ganixilavs da iRebs gadawyve-
tilebas damcavi orderis gamocemis, gauqmebis, moqmedebis
vadis gagrZelebis an gamocemaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlo gancxadebis sasamarTlos kancelariaSi re-
gistraciidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi gancxadebasa da Tan-
darTul masalebs ugzavnis pirs, romlis mimarTac aris Se-
tanili gancxadeba da aZlevs mas uflebas, waradginos mtki-
cebulebebi. piri, romlis mimarTac aris Setanili gancxa-
deba, uflebamosilia, werilobiT upasuxos masSi miTiTe-
bul sakiTxebs da waradginos mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlo
uwyebis miRebidan 3 dRis vadaSi.
mosamarTle uflebamosilia, mxaris, xolo arasrul-
wlovnis SemTxvevaSi – meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis orga-
nos an sakuTari, iniciativiT saqme daxurul sasamarTlo
sxdomaze ganixilos. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ar aferxebs
saqmis ganxilvas.
damcavi orderis gamocema xdeba samarTalwarmoebis ena-
ze, cxadad da gasagebad. igi SeiZleba warmoebul iqnes xe-
liT an daibeWdos teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT.
83 ojaxSi da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis aqtualuri sakiTxebi, saqarTve-

los axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, 2019, 16, ix. https://bit.ly/3r5LNT5
[05.01.2021].
119
damcavi orderis Taobaze miRebul sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebaSi unda mieTiTos:
a) misi gamocemis TariRi da adgili;
b) garemoebebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo mis gamoce-
mas;
g) moZaladis saxeli da gvari, dabadebis TariRi da adgi-
li, profesia da sacxovrebeli adgili;
d) informacia im moqmedebebisa Tu SezRudvebis Sesaxeb,
romelTa ganxorcielebac ekrZaleba moZalades;
e) moZaladis mier Zaladobrivi damokidebulebisa da
qcevis Secvlaze orientirebuli savaldebulo swav-
lebis kursis gavlisa da Sesabamisi safasuris gadax-
dis sakiTxebi.
damcavi orderiT moZaladisaTvis SeiZleba dawesdes
Semdegi SezRudvebi/valdebulebebi, xolo msxverplis dac-
vis mizniT SesaZloa gaTvaliswinebul iqnes Semdegi sakiT-
xebi:
 msxverplis, masze damokidebuli piris moZaladisa-
gan dacvis zomebi;
 msxverplis, masze damokidebuli piris moZaladisgan
garidebisa da maTi TavSesafarSi moTavsebis sakiTxe-
bi;
 moZaladis msxverplis sacxovrebeli adgilidan ga-
ridebis sakiTxi;
 moZaladis valdebuleba – ar SezRudos msxverpli,
isargeblos piradi nivTebiT, avtomanqaniT an sxva im
qonebiT, romelic aucilebelia adamianis normaluri
arsebobisaTvis;
 moZaladisaTvis TanasakuTrebiT erTpirovnulad
sargeblobis uflebis akrZalva;
 moZaladis arasrulwlovnisgan gancalkevebis, mas-
Tan Sexvedrisa da urTierTobis regulirebis sakiT-
xi;
120
 moZaladis msxverplTan, mis samsaxurTan da sxva im
adgilebTan, sadac msxverpli imyofeba, miaxloebis
akrZalva;
 moZaladisaTvis damcavi orderis moqmedebis peri-
odSi an damcavi orderiT gansazRvrul periodSi ia-
raRiT (maT Soris, samsaxurebriv-saStato iaraRiT)
sargeblobis uflebis SezRudva an akrZalva, iaraRis
SeZenis an mis SeZenaze nebarTvis an licenziis mopo-
vebis uflebis akrZalva da pirad sakuTrebaSi arse-
buli an/da kuTvnili iaraRis (maT Soris, samsaxureb-
riv-saStato iaraRis) Senaxvis an droebiT CamorTme-
vis pirobebi;
 moZaladis mier msxverplis mkurnalobis, TavSesa-
farSi yofnis an sxva gonivruli xarjebis anazRaure-
bis sakiTxebi;
 moZaladis damokidebulebebisa da qcevis koreqciis-
ken mimarTuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebasTan da-
kavSirebuli sakiTxebi;
 moZaladis gafrTxileba damcavi orderiT gaTvalis-
winebuli moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi saqar-
Tvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli pasuxismgeb-
lobis dakisrebis Sesaxeb;
 sxva sakiTxebi, romelTa gadawyvetac aucilebelia
msxverplis usafrTxoebisaTvis.
damcav orderSi, Zaladobis faqtobrivi garemoebebis
proporciulad da adekvaturad, SesaZlebelia mieTiTos
zemoxsenebuli erT-erTi an yvela sakiTxi/SezRudva, Tum-
ca, „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkve-
saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis me-7 punqtis Sesabamisad,
damcavi orderi aucileblad unda iTvaliswinebdes moZa-
ladis mier Zaladobrivi damokidebulebisa da qcevis Sec-
vlaze orientirebuli swavlebis kursis gavlis valdebu-
lebas. sasamarTlo SeboWili ar aris damcavi orderis gamo-
cemis Taobaze gancxadebaSi ganmcxadeblis mier dayenebuli
121
moTxovniT da mas SeuZlia daadginos im RonisZiebebis gata-
reba, romlebic Zaladobis faqtis proporciulia da, arse-
buli faqtobrivi garemoebebidan, gamomdinare aucilebe-
lia msxverplis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad. 84
damcavi orderi ZalaSi Sedis gamocemisTanave da mzad-
deba aranakleb 4 egzemplarad. sasamarTlos mier miRebuli
gadawyvetilebis miRebidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi TiTo eg-
zemplari gadaecema mxareebs, erTi egzemplari rCeba damca-
vi orderis gamomcem uflebamosil organoSi, anu sasamar-
TloSi, xolo erTi egzemplari, damcavi orderiT gaTva-
liswinebuli moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis Sesruleba-
ze zedamxedvelobisa da mis SesaZlo darRvevaze reagirebi-
saTvis, miRebidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, egzavneba saqar-
Tvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriuli organos
Sesabamis saubno samsaxurs msxverplis sacxovrebeli adgi-
lis mixedviT. Tu damcavi orderiT gaTvaliswinebuli sa-
kiTxi arasrulwlovans Seexeba, aRniSnuli sasamarTlo ga-
dawyvetilebis erTi egzemplari egzavneba meurveobisa da
mzrunvelobis Sesabamis adgilobriv organos, xolo Tu sa-
samarTlo gadawyvetileba iaraRTan dakavSirebul sakiT-
xebs Seexeba, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis erTi egzemplari
egzavneba saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministos sajaro
samarTlis iuridiul pirs, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa sa-
ministros momsaxurebis saagentos. damcav orderTan dakav-
SirebiT miRebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba mxareebs
bardeba saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeq-
siT dadgenili zogadi wesis Sesabamisad.
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadaw-
yvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio sasamarTloSi,
mxarisaTvis dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis Cabarebidan 3
dRis vadaSi. gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ar aCerebs gamo-
cemuli damcavi orderis moqmedebas. saapelacio sasamar-
Tlo saCivarTan dakavSirebiT gadawyvetilebas iRebs saape-
lacio sasamarTloSi saCivris wardgenidan 7 dRis vadaSi.
84 zugdidis raionuli sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 27 maisis №02031-

919002999061 (3/95-19) gadawyvetileba.
122
saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba sabolooa da ar
eqvemdebareba gasaCivrebas.
axali kanonmdeblobis ZalaSi Sesvlidan maleve erT-er-
Ti pirveli damcavi orderi gamosca sasamarTlom araoja-
xiswevris mier qalis mimarT genderuli diskriminaciis mo-
tiviT ganxorcielebuli fsiqologiuri Zaladobis faqteb-
ze. saqmis garemoebebis Tanaxmad, msxverplma qalma ramdeni-
me wlis win saqmiani urTierTobisas gaicno mamakaci, Tumca
mogvianebiT mamakacma gadawyvita, rom maTi urTierToba un-
da gascdenoda saqmian TanamSromlobas. am mizniT daiwyo
qalis naTesavebis Sewuxeba da cdilobda qalis adgilsamyo-
felisa da mis Sesaxeb sxva monacemebis moZiebas. msxverpls
akiTxavda saxlSi da emuqreboda fanjridan gadagdebiT.
Tumca msxverpli ver sargeblobda dacvisa da daxmarebis
iseTi meqanizmebiT, rogorebicaa: Semakavebeli da damcavi
orderi, vinaidan moZalade ar iyo misi ojaxis wevri. kano-
nis ZalaSi Sesvlidan erT TveSi qalma kvlav mimarTa sasa-
marTlos da moiTxova damcavi orderis gamocema im safuZ-
vliT, rom mamakaci, romelic ar iyo misi ojaxis wevri, misi,
rogorc qalis mimarT axorcielebda Zaladobas genderuli
diskriminaciis motiviT. mosamarTlem mamakacis qmedebebi
Seafasa fsiqologiuri Zaladobad da miuTiTa, rom kvlav
arsebobda misi ganxorcielebis saSiSroeba. aRniSnulis
gaTvaliswinebiT, mosamarTlem gamosca damcavi orderi
maqsimaluri 6 Tvis vadiT (im droisaTvis moqmedi kanon-
mdebloba mxolod 6 Tvemde vadiT iZleoda damcavi orde-
ris gamocemis SesaZleblobas). 85 miuxedavad moZaladis mier
aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis saapelacio sasamarTloSi gasa-
Civrebisa, damcavi orderi ZalaSi darCa.
85 Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 4 ivlisis №3/4502-17 ga-

dawyvetileba.
123
2.4 damcavi da Semakavebeli orderis gamocema da
moqmedeba msxverplisa da moZaladis Serigebis
dros

saqarTvelos kanonis me-12 muxlis me-3 nawilis mixedviT,
mxareTa Serigebisas maT mier sasamarTlosTvis/policiis
uflebamosili TanamSromlisaTvis erToblivi mimarTvis
safuZvelze damcavi an Semakavebeli orderebis moqmedeba
SeiZleba gauqmdes mosamarTlis/policiis uflebamosili
TanamSromlis Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebiT, saqmis garemoe-
bebis yovelmxrivi da srulyofili Seswavlis Sedegad. amave
kanonis me-13 muxlis Tanaxmad, msxverplisa da moZaladis
Serigeba ar aferxebs damcavi da Semakavebeli orderebis ga-
mocemas da ar iwvevs damcavi da Semakavebeli orderebis
moqmedebis gauqmebas, Tu jer kidev arsebobs msxverplis an
misi ojaxis wevris mimarT Zaladobis safrTxe an qalis mi-
marT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis faqti ewinaaRmde-
geba msxverplis ojaxis sxva wevris, gansakuTrebiT aras-
rulwlovnis, interesebs.
amdenad, mxareebis erToblivi mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi, sa-
samarTlo (Tu mxareebs surT damcavi orderis gauqmeba) an
policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli (Tu mxareebs surT
Semakavebeli orderis gauqmeba) ar aris valdebuli, avtoma-
turad gaauqmos orderis moqmedeba. mosamarTlem da poli-
cielma xelaxla unda Seafason saqmis garemoebebi, maT So-
ris, saTanadod gamoikvlion msxverplis survili, Tu ratom
unda orderis gauqmeba da moZalade xom ar zemoqmedebs mas-
ze da iZulebuli xom ar aris, rom Sesabamis organoSi amgva-
ri moTxovna waradginos.
124
2.5 Semakavebeli, damcavi da iaraRTan dakavSirebu-
li uflebebis SezRudvis orderis monitoringi
policia zedamxedvelobs gamocemuli damcavi, Semakave-

beli da iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis SezRudvis or-
derebiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebisa da valdebulebe-
bis Sesrulebas, 86 rac niSnavs, rom damcavi, Semakavebeli an
iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis SezRudvis orderis 87
gamocemis Semdeg dokumentis erTi asli unda gaegzavnos
policiis uflebamosil danayofs/TanamSromels da unda
ganxorcieldes misi monitoringi orderis moqmedebis va-
diT. aRniSnulis mizania, policiis TanamSromelma, erTi
mxriv, gaakontrols moZalade, ramdenad keTilsindisierad
asrulebs masze dakisrebul valdebulebebsa Tu dawesebul
SezRudvebs da darRvevis SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyos gadac-
domis gamovlena da, meore mxriv, ar datovos msxverpli
marto da garkveuli periodulobiT gadaamowmos misi mdgo-
mareoba da viTareba.
monitoringi xorcieldeba Zaladobis ganmeorebis ris-
kebis, msxverplTa individualuri maxasiaTeblebis, misi sa-
Wiroebebisa da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. didi xnis gan-
mavlobaSi kanoni ar aregulirebda zedamxedvelobis gan-
xorcielebis konkretul wessa da instruqcias, amitom po-
liciis TanamSromlis mier monitoringi qaoturad da ara-
Tanmimdevrulad xorcieldeboda da damokidebuli iyo
msxverplis iniciativasa da aqtiurobaze, msxverpli ki xSi-
rad ar awvdida samarTaldamcavebs informacias orderis
SesaZlo darRvevis Taobaze. Tavdapirvelad zedamxedvelo-
bis ganxorcielebis konkretuli wesi da procedura dam-
tkicda Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2018 wlis 20 ivlisis
86 „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zalado-

muxli 16, nawili 6.
87 policiis uflebamosili TanamSromeli iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uf-
lebebis SezRudvis orders gamoscems socialuri muSakis mier aras-
rulwlovnis gancalkevebis Sesaxeb miRebuli gadawyvetilebis dau-
morCileblobis SemTxvevaSi. detalurad ix. III Tavi.
125
№1/336 brZanebiT, romelic riskebis Sefasebis instrumen-
tTan erTad 2018 wlis pirveli seqtembridan amoqmedda. aR-
niSnuli aregulirebda mxolod Semakavebeli orderiT gan-
sazRvruli moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis Sesrulebis
monitorings, Tumca 2019 wlis pirvel oqtombers, „qalTa
mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zala-
dobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTve-
los kanonis me-16 muxlis me-7 punqtSi amoqmedebuli cvli-
lebebis Sesabamisad, ara marto Semakavebeli orderis, ara-
med damcavi da iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis SezRud-
vis orderebiT gansazRvruli moTxovnebisa da pirobebis
Sesrulebis zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis konkretuli
wesi ganisazRvra saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris
2019 wlis 11 dekembris №100 brZanebiT.
zedamxedvelobas axorcielebs saqarTvelos Sinagan saq-
meTa saministros Sesabamisi teritoriuli organoebis uf-
lebamosili TanamSromeli, msxverplis sacxovrebeli adgi-
lis mixedviT.
zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis uflebamosileba aqvT
saministros teritoriuli organoebis Semdeg mosamsaxure-
ebs:
a) ubnis ufrosi inspeqtor-gamomZiebeli;
b) ubnis inspeqtor-gamomZiebeli;
g) marTlwesrigis ufrosi oficeri;
d) marTlwesrigis oficeri;
e) ufrosi deteqtivi;
v) deteqtivi;
z) umcrosi deteqtivi;
T) deteqtivis TanaSemwe-gamomZiebeli;
i) deteqtiv-gamomZiebeli.
qvemoT mocemuli sqema asaxavs damcavi da Semakavebeli
orderis gamocemisas misi Sesabamisi teritoriuli orga-
nosTvis/uflebamosili pirisTvis gadagzavnis wess.
126
rodesac msxverplisa da moZaladis sacxovrebeli adgi-
li saministros sxvadasxva teritoriul organos miekuT-
vneba, msxverplTan da moZaladesTan komunikacia xorciel-
deba maTi sacxovrebeli adgilebis mixedviT, saministros
Sesabamisi teritoriuli organoebis uflebamosili Tanam-
Sromlis mier. amdenad, Semakavebeli orderis gamomcemi an
damcavi orderis mimRebi policiis TanamSromeli valdebu-
lia, rom orderis gadagzavna uzrunvelyos rogorc msxver-
plis, ise moZaladis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT sami-
nistros Sesabamis teritoriuli organosaTvis.
Semakavebeli an damcavi orderis gamocemisas msxver-
plTan da moZaladesTan komunikacias sawyis etapzeve aqvs
gansakuTrebuli da gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, radgan am pe-
riodSi maRalia orderis darRvevis safrTxe, imis gaTva-
liswinebiT, rom jer kidev ucnobia, rogori reaqcia eqneba
moZalades mis mimarT orderis gamocemisas da daemorCile-
ba Tu ara dakisrebul valdebulebebs. zedamxedvelobaze
uflebamosili piri damcavi an/da Semakavebeli orderis mi-
127
Rebidan SeZlebisdagvarad mokle droSi unda gaesaubros
msxverpls, maT Soris, komunikaciis teqnikuri saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT, daibaros msxverpli policiaSi an/da ganaxor-
cielos viziti mis sacxovrebel adgilze.
zedamxedvelobaze uflebamosilma pirma damcavi an/da
Semakavebeli orderis miRebidan SeZlebisdagvarad mokle
droSi unda uzrunvelyos moZaladesTan gasaubreba da, sa-
Wiroebis SemTxvevaSi, policiaSi misi dabareba an ganaxor-
cielos viziti mis sacxovrebel adgilze. zedamxedveloba-
ze uflebamosili piris mier moZaladis dabarebis SemTxve-
vaSi policiaSi gamocxadeba savaldebuloa.
zemoaRniSnuli wesi gansazRvravs policiis uflebamo-
sili TanamSromlis pirvel komunikacias rogorc msxver-
plTan, ise moZaladesTan. Sesabamisad, mas Semdeg, rac Sema-
kavebeli an damcavi orderi miuva monitoringis ganmaxor-
cielebel saministros Sesabamis teritoriul organos, po-
licielma dauyovnebliv unda moiZios msxverplisa da moZa-
ladis adgilsamyofeli/sakontaqto informacia da gaesa-
ubros teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT (mag.: mobiluri
telefoniT) an, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daibaros igi poli-
ciaSi, an/da ganaxorcielos viziti maT sacxovrebel adgil-
ze.
zedamxedvelobaze uflebamosili piri msxverpls, pir-
veli komunikaciisTanave, misTvis gasageb enaze ganumar-
tavs:
a) orderiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebsa da pirobebs;
b) msxverplis uflebebs;
g) informacias qveyanaSi arsebuli msxverplTa socia-
luri da samarTlebrivi dacvisa da daxmarebis meqa-
nizmebisa da Sesabamisi momsaxurebis saxeebis Sesaxeb;
d) zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis wessa da procedu-
rebs, zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebisas policias-
Tan TanamSromlobis mniSvnelobasa da Zaladobis
ganmeorebis savaraudo riskebs.
128
zedamxedvelobaze uflebamosilma pirma msxverpls un-
da gadasces piradi telefonis nomeri masTan drouli ko-
munikaciis uzrunvelsayofad.
rac Seexeba moZalades, zedamxedvelobaze uflebamo-
silma pirma, pirvelive komunikaciisTanave, misTvis gasageb
enaze unda ganumartos Sesabamisi orderiT gaTvaliswine-
buli moTxovnebi da maTi Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi mo-
salodneli pasuxismgebloba.
qvemoT mocemuli diagrama asaxavs msxverplTan da moZa-
ladesTan komunikaciis gzebsa da formebs.
winaswar SeTanxmebuli vizitis ganxorcielebamde ze-

damxedvelobaze uflebamosili piri valdebulia, daukav-
Sirdes msxverpls da moZalades Sexvedris drois SeTanxme-
bis mizniT. dauSvebelia msxverplTan vizitis ganxorciele-
ba saRamos 22:00 saaTidan dilis 08:00 saaTamde periodSi,
garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac msxverplTan komunikacia
dRe-Ramis sxva dros ver xerxdeba. zedamxedvelobis zemox-
senebuli formebis garda, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, msxver-
plis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, policieli
uflebamosilia, ganaxorcielos saqarTvelos kanonmdeb-
lobiT gaTvaliswinebuli damatebiTi RonisZiebebi.
129
2.5.1 Semakavebeli orderis monitoringi
Semakavebeli orderis zedamxedvelobisas msxverplTan

da moZaladesTan komunikaciis formebisa da sixSiris gan-
sazRvra xdeba Zaladobis ganmeorebis riskis xarisxisa da
simZimis mixedviT. rac ufro maRalia Zaladobis ganmeore-
bis albaToba, msxverplTan da moZaladesTan komunikacia
xorcieldeba ufro meti intensivobiTa da sixSiriT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom policiis uflebamosili TanamSrome-

li komunikaciis konkretuli formis rigiTobasa da Tanmim-
devrobas gansazRvravs individualurad, arsebuli garemo-
ebebisa da msxverplisa da moZaladis Taviseburebebis gaT-
valiswinebiT. mTavaria, rom Semakavebeli orderis moqmede-
bis vadis ganmavlobaSi srulad da Sesabamisi intensivobiTa
da sixSiriT iqnes gamoyenebuli zemoxsenebuli komunikaci-
is saSualebebi.
2.5.2 damcavi orderis monitoringi
damcavi orderis zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis miz-

niT msxverplTan da moZaladesTan komunikaciis sixSire
efuZneba damcav orderSi miTiTebuli Zaladobis formas,
130
zedamxedvelobaze uflebamosili piris xelT arsebuli in-
formaciisa da zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebisas adgil-
ze gacnobili faqtebis Sejerebasa da analizs.
zedamxedvelobaze uflebamosili piri msxverplTan da
moZaladesTan axorcielebs TveSi minimum erT gasaubrebas
komunikaciis teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT da minimum
erTxel policiaSi ibarebs an axorcielebs vizits maT sac-
xovrebel adgilze.
2.5.3 iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis SezRudvis

orderis monitoringi
iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis SezRudvis orderis

gamomcemma pirma orderis asli dauyovnebliv unda gaug-
zavnos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi
moqmed sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs – momsaxurebis
saagentos.
momsaxurebis saagento, „iaraRis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, ar gascems licenzias (nebar-
Tvas) im pirze, romlis mimarTac gamocemulia damcavi, Sema-
kavebeli an iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis SezRudvis
orderi – am orderiT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da gansaz-
Rvruli vadiT.
Tu piri, romlis mimarTac gamocemulia damcavi, Semaka-
vebeli an iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis SezRudvis
orderi, romelic iTvaliswinebs iaraRiT sargeblobis uf-
lebis SezRudvas, mimarTavs momsaxurebis saagentos iaraR-
Tan dakavSirebuli licenziis (nebarTvis) mopovebis mizniT,
momsaxurebis saagento aRniSnulis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv
atyobinebs saministros Sesabamis teritoriul organos.
2.5.4 Semakavebeli da damcavi orderis monitoringisas

gasaTvaliswinebeli sxva garemoebebi
arasrulwlovanTan an/da SezRuduli SesaZleblobis

mqone pirTan urTierTobisas monitoringis ganmaxorciele-
131
belma policiis uflebamosilma TanamSromelma unda gaiT-
valiswinos misi individualuri saWiroebebi. mag., arasrul-
wlovani an/da SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone msxverplis
SemTxvevaSi zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebisas upirate-
soba eniWeba msxverplTan vizits. zedamxedvelobaze ufle-
bamosil policiels SeuZlia gaesaubros arasrulwlovan
msxverpls misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis an axlo naTesavis
TanxmobiT an/da TandaswrebiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, rode-
sac aRniSnuli ewinaaRmdegeba arasrulwlovnis kanonier
interesebs. mag., Tu moZalade aris arasrulwlovnis kanoni-
eri warmomadgeneli an axlo naTesavi an kanonieri warmo-
madgenlis/axlo naTesavis obieqturobasa da miukerZoeb-
lobasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi am pirsa
da moZalade ojaxis wevrs Soris arsebuli urTierTobis xa-
siaTidan gamomdinare.
Semakavebeli da damcavi orderebis monitoringisas
msxverplTan da moZaladesTan komunikaciis intensivoba da
sixSire gansxvavebulad regulirdeba moZaladis mier peni-
tenciur dawesebulebaSi an saministros droebiTi moTavse-
bis izolatorSi yofnis periodSi, an misTvis eleqtronuli
zedamxedvelobis dawesebisas, moZaladis an msxverplis mi-
er saqarTvelos teritoriis datovebisas, msxverplis mier
TavSesafarSi yofnisas.
qvemoT mocemulia zedamxedvelobis zemoaRniSnuli gan-
sakuTrebuli SemTxvevebisas monitoringis ganxorcielebis
wesi
msxverplTan komunikacia moZa- msxverplTan komunikacia misi

ladis penitenciur dawesebule- TavSesafarSi yofnisas
baSi an saministros droebiTi mo-
Tavsebis izolatorSi yofnis
periodSi
 Semakavebeli orderis  Semakavebeli orderis
SemTxvevaSi _ minimum ori SemTxvevaSi _ minimum ori
gasaubreba, ori viziti an/da gasaubreba, riskis simZimis
minimum orjer dabareba miuxedavad;
policiaSi, riskis simZimis
132
miuxedavad;  damcavi orderis
 damcavi orderis SemTxvevaSi _ TveSi minimum
SemTxvevaSi _ minimum TveSi erTi gasaubreba.
erTi gasaubreba, erTi viziti
an/da minimum erTxel dabareba
policiaSi.
moZaladis an msxverplis mier moZaladis mimarT Semakavebeli

saqarTvelos teritoriis dato- orderiT eleqtronuli zedam-
vebisas saqarTvelos terito- xedvelobis dawesebisas
riaze darCenil msxverplTan/
moZaladesTan xorcieldeba
 Semakavebeli orderis  msxverplTan _ minimum
SemTxvevaSi _ minimum ori erTi gasaubreba an/da erTi
gasaubreba, ori viziti an/da viziti, riskis simZimis
minimum orjer dabareba miuxedavad;
policiaSi, riskis simZimis  moZaladesTan _ minimum
miuxedavad; erTi gasaubreba an/da minimum
 damcavi orderis erTxel dabareba policiaSi,
SemTxvevaSi _ minimum TveSi riskis simZimis miuxedavad.
erTi gasaubreba, erTi viziti
an/da minimum erTxel dabareba
policiaSi, riskis simZimis
miuxedavad.
moZaladis mier penitenciuri dawesebulebis an saminis-

tros droebiTi moTavsebis izolatoris datovebisas,
msxverplis mier TavSesafris datovebisas, moZaladis an
msxverplis saqarTvelos teritoriaze dabrunebisas, moZa-
ladis mimarT eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis SeCerebis,
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis vadis gasvlis an sasamar-
Tlos mier eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis RonisZiebis ga-
uqmebisas zedamxedveloba unda gagrZeldes zemoT ganxi-
luli zogadi wesis mixedviT.
zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebaze uflebamosilma po-
licielma msxverplTan da moZaladesTan komunikaciis
dros unda Seavsos Sesabamisi oqmi, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
msxverplTan an moZaladesTan komunikacia ver xerxdeba, aR-
133
niSnulis Sesaxeb miTiTeba unda gakeTdes Sesabamis oqmSi,
rac ar CaiTvleba zedamxedvelobis wesis darRvevad.
2.6 Semakavebeli da damcavi orderis darRvevi-

saTvis gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 3811 muxliT gaTvaliswine-

bulia sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba Semakavebeli da
damcavi orderiT gansazRvruli moTxovnebisa da valdebu-
lebebis SeusruleblobisaTvis, aseve arasrulwlovanis
gancalkevebis Sesaxeb socialuri muSakis gadawyvetilebi-
sadmi daumorCileblobis SemTxvevaSi. kerZod, danaSauls
warmoadgens Semakavebeli an damcavi orderiT gaTvaliswi-
nebuli moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis Seusrulebloba
an/da eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebisas
moZaladis mier eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcie-
lebis wesiT gansazRvrul sagangaSo zonaSi SeRweva an/da
moZaladis mier sagangaSo an buferuli zonis datovebis Se-
saxeb uflebamosili piris moTxovnis Seusrulebloba an/da
moZaladis mier eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobisTvis Tavis
arideba, ese igi, qmedeba, romlis Sedegadac SeuZlebeli
gaxda eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba.
aRniSnuli norma piris sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxis-
mgeblobas awesebs Semdegi SemTxvevebis arsebobisas:
Semakavebeli an dam- mag., moZaladis mier msxverplTan komunikaciis
cavi orderiT gaTva- damyareba, Tu mas orderiT akrZaluli hqonda
liswinebuli mo- msxverplTan urTierToba telefonis, socialuri
Txovnebisa da val- qselisa Tu sxva teqnikuri saSualebebis
debulebebis Seusru- gamoyenebiT.
lebloba
eleqtronuli zedam- moZaladis mier sagangaSo zonaSi ganzrax SeRweva,

xedvelobis ganxor- romelic ar saWiroebs uflebamosili piris
cielebisas moZala- mxridan gafrTxilebis miRebas da igi avtomaturad
dis mier eleqtro- iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas.
nuli zedamxedvelo-
bis ganxorcielebis
wesiT gansazRvrul
134
sagangaSo zonaSi
SeRweva
moZaladis mier sa- im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sajaro sivrceSi moZalade

gangaSo an buferuli dinamikur buferul/sagangaSo zonaSi SemTxveviT
zonis datovebis Se- moxvdeba, uflebamosili piri ukavSirdeba
saxeb uflebamosili moZalades da mouwodebs datovos teritoria,
piris moTxovnis Se- raTa moZaladisa da msxverplis SemTxveviTi
usrulebloba Sexvedra Tavidan iqnes acilebuli. mxolod
aRniSnuli moTxovnis Seusrulebloba iwvevs
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas, garda im
SemTxvevisa, TU miaxloeba xdeba drois mcire
intervalSi da misi Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia.
moZaladis mier moZaladis mier eqspluataciis wesis darRveva,

eleqtronuli zedam- kerZod, mimRebi aparatis damuxtvis gareSe
xedvelobisaTvis Ta- datoveba, mimRebi aparatis misi adgilmde-
vis arideba, ese igi, bareobidan 20 metrze met radiusSi datoveba, GPS
qmedeba, romlis Se- sixSiris ganzrax daxSoba an/da GPS sistemis
degadac SeuZlebeli dafarvis zonidan gasvla, romlis Sedegad
gaxda eleqtronuli SeuZlebeli xdeba eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis
zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba.
ganxorcieleba
zemoxsenebuli garemoebebi SeiZleba arsebobdes ro-

gorc individualurad, damoukideblad, ise erToblivad.
2018 wlis dekembramde Semakavebeli an damcavi orderis
darRvevis pirveli SemTxveva ganixileboda administraci-
ul samarTaldarRvevad, romelic mxolod ganmeorebiTi
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi iTvaliswinebda sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobas. kerZod, Tu Semakavebeli an damcavi or-
deris darRvevis gamo administraciuli saxdelis Sefarde-
bidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi moZalade kvlav daarRvevda
orderis pirobebs, mxolod am SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneboda
reagirebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi instrumentebi. Tumca,
vinaidan Semakavebeli da damcavi orderebiT gaTvaliswine-
buli moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis Seusruleblobisas
SedarebiT msubuqi zomebis gamoyeneba araefeqturi aRmoC-
nda problemis winaSe sabrZolvelad, saWiro gaxda pasuxis-
mgeblobis gamkacreba. amdenad, qmedebis sisxlis samarTlis
135
kodeqsis 3811 muxliT kvalifikaciisaTvis aRar aris saWiro
preiudiciuli faqtis arseboba – damrRvevis mimarT admis-
traciuli saxdelis Sefardeba. mis mimarT sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi RonisZiebebi gatardeba Semakavebeli an damcavi
orderis darRvevis pirvelive SemTxvevaze.

brZolis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi
samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi gamoiyeneba qal-

Ta mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis Sedegad miye-
nebuli zianis asanazRaureblad, samoqalaqo kanonmdeblo-
biT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad. msxverpls aqvs ufleba,
mimarTos Sesabamis sasamarTlos qalTa mimarT Zaladobis
an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis Sedegad misTvis miyenebuli zianis
moZaladis mier anazRaurebis moTxovniT. aRsaniSnavia, rom
2022 wlis 1-li ianvridan kanonmdebloba gaiTvaliswinebs
msxverplis uflebasa da SesaZleblobas, miiRos kompensa-
cia saxelmwifosgan, Tu misTvis miyenebuli ziani ar anazRa-
urdeba moZaladis mier an/da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT
gaTvaliswinebuli sxva wyaroebiT.
moraluri ziani anazRaurdeba mxolod kanoniT pirda-
pir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi, gonivruli da samarTli-
ani anazRaurebis saxiT. anazRaurebas eqvemdebareba ara yo-
velgvari moraluri ziani (sulieri tanjva), aramed mxolod
iseTi, romlis anazRaurebasac pirdapir iTvaliswinebs moq-
medi kanonmdebloba. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis
413-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, sxeulis dazianebis an
janmrTelobisaTvis sxvagvari vnebis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi
dazaralebuls SeuZlia, moiTxovos zianis anazRaureba ara-
qonebrivi zianisaTvis. moraluri zianis moculobas (ro-
melsac ar gaaCnia materialuri gamoxatuleba) gansaz-
Rvravs sasamarTlo gonivruli da samarTliani anazRaure-
bis saxiT, rac gulisxmobs zianis mimyeneblis braleulobis
xarisxis, dazaralebulis gancxadebis siRrmisa da indivi-
dualuri Taviseburebebis, iseTi obieqturi garemoebebis
136
(rogoricaa: moraluri tanjvis xarisxi, dazaralebulis
cxovrebis pirobebi, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, asaki, qo-
nebrivi mdgomareoba) gaTvaliswinebas, raTa uzrunvelyo-
fili iqnas moraluri zianiT gamowveuli tkivilebis, nega-
tiuri gancdebis Semsubuqeba, dadebiTi emociebis gamowve-
va, rac daexmareba dazaralebuls sulieri gawonasworebis
miRwevasa da socialur urTierTobebSi CarTvaSi. 88
88 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 11 ianvris №3b/1693-15

ganCineba.
137
Tavi III. ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpl bavSvTa
gamovlenis, dacvisa da daxmarebis
meqanizmebi
ojaxSi Zaladoba negatiurad aisaxeba ojaxis sxva wev-

rebze, gansakuTrebiT arasrulwlovnebze, romlebic SesaZ-
loa iyvnen rogorc Zaladobis pirdapiri obieqtebi, ise Za-
ladobis Semswreni, rac damangrevel gavlenas axdens bav-
Svis fsiqikaze. kanonmdebloba gansakuTrebuli sifrTxi-
lis gamoCenas avaldebulebs Sesabamis specialistebs ara
marto maSin, rodesac bavSvi uSualod daeqvemdebareba Za-
ladobas, aramed maSinac, rodesac igi ojaxSi Zaladobis
Semswre gaxdeba.
aRniSnul suliskveTebas iziarebs saqarTvelos kanon-
mdeblobac da msxverplad miiCnevs bavSvs, romelic Zala-
dobis Semswrea, rac niSnavs, rom aseT dros gamoyenebul un-
da iqnes yvela is meqanizmi, romelic zogadad Zaladobis
msxverplTa dacvis mizniT gamoiyeneba. 89 ojaxSi Zalado-
bis/danaSaulis Cadena arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT aris
pasuxismgeblobis damamaZimebeli garemoeba. 90
bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma
ojaxis wevrebis mxridan Zaladobaa. bavSvebi xSirad arian
qalebis mimarT ojaxSi Zaladobis mowmeebi. 91 amitom, arse-
89 mag., sasamarTlom fsiqologiuri Zaladobis Semswre bavSvis dacvis

mizniT damcavi orderi gamosca, ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos
2017 wlis 31 agvistos №3/5504-17 gadawyvetileba.
90 sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 531 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, danaSa-
ulis Cadena ojaxis erTi wevris mier ojaxis sxva wevris mimarT, umweo
mdgomareobaSi myofis mimarT, arasrulwlovnis mimarT an misi Tan-
daswrebiT, gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT, iaraRis gamoyenebiT an iara-
Ris gamoyenebis muqariT, samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT,
aris pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli garemoeba amave kodeqsiT gaTva-
liswinebuli yvela Sesabamisi danaSaulisaTvis. aseve, sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis 126-e da 1261 muxlebis damamZimebel garemoebas warmo-
adgens arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT misive ojaxis wevris mimarT Ca-
denili Zaladoba.
91
COVID-19-is gavlena bavSvebze, politikis mokle mimoxilva, gaerTiane-
buli erebis organizacia, 2020, 9, ix. https://bit.ly/3rJMfX7 [12.01.2021].
138
buli masStabebisa da specifikurobis gaTvaliswinebiT, 92
winamdebare TavSi ZiriTadi aqcenti gakeTebulia bavSvis
mimarT ojaxSi Cadenili Zaladobis maregulirebeli norme-
bis ganmartebebze.
1. bavSvTa mimarT ojaxSi Zaladobis formebi
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1198-e muxlis Tanax-

mad, mSoblebi uflebamosili da valdebuli arian, aRzar-
don Svilebi, izrunon maTi fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri
da socialuri ganviTarebisaTvis, aRzardon isini sazoga-
doebis Rirseul wevrebad, maTi interesebis upiratesi gaT-
valiswinebiT. dauSvebelia, arasrulwlovnis mSoblis/ka-
nonieri warmomadgenlis mier aRzrdis iseTi meTodebis ga-
moyeneba, romlebic arasrulwlovnis fizikur an/da fsiqi-
kur tanjvas iwvevs.
mSoblebs an Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi – kanonier meurveebs
akisriaT ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba bavSvis aRzrdisa da
ganviTarebisaTvis. bavSvis saukeTeso interesebi maTi Ziri-
Tadi zrunvis sagania, rac iZleva calsaxa daskvnis gakeTe-
bis SesaZleblobas, rom mSobelTa upirvelesi movaleoba
bavSvebis harmoniuli aRzrda-ganviTareba da ojaxuri ga-
remos Seqmnaa da am kuTxiT nebismieri gadawyvetilebis mi-
Rebisas upiratesoba arasrulwlovnis WeSmarit interesebs
unda mieniWos. Sesabamisad, Carevis proprociulobis dasaS-
vebi zRvari gulisxmobs imis dadgenas, ramdenad warmoad-
gens amgvari Careva erTaderT swor da misaReb gadawyveti-
92 mag., 2020 wlis pirvel 6 TveSi arasrulwlovan dazaralebulTa maCve-

nebeli Seadgenda 663 pirs. aqedan, arasrulwlovanTa 62% gaxda ojaxSi
Zaladobis msxverpli, 13% – adamianis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis msxverpli, 10% – seqsualuri Zala-
dobs msxverpli, 5% sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis,
xolo 1%-sxva danaSaulis msxverpli. ix. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da gamoZiebis xarisxis monitoringis de-
partamentis saqmianobis 6 Tvis angariSi, 2020, 19, ix.
https://bit.ly/3bwHGeo [12.01.2021].
139
lebas arasrulwlovnis, rogorc sazogadoebis momavali
sruluflebiani da Rirseuli wevris, ganviTarebaSi. 93
2014 wlis 17 oqtombris kanoniT ganisazRvra Zaladobis
axali forma, ugulebelyofa, romelic exeba bavSvebis mi-
marT mSoblis movaleobis Seusruleblobas. kerZod, aras-
rulwlovnis kanonieri interesebis ugulebelyofa aris
mSoblis (mSoblebis), sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis an/da
sxva pasuxismgebeli piris mier arasrulwlovnis fizikuri
an fsiqologiuri saWiroebebis daukmayofilebloba, saf-
rTxisagan daucveloba, sabaziso ganaTlebis uflebis Sez-
Rudva, dabadebis registraciis, samedicino an sxva momsaxu-
rebebiT sargeblobisaTvis aucilebeli moqmedebebis ganu-
xorcielebloba, Tuki mSobels (mSoblebs), sxva kanonier
warmomadgenels an/da sxva pasuxismgebel pirs aqvs (aqvT)
saTanado informacia da SesaZlebloba da xeli miuwvdeba
(miuwvdebaT) Sesabamis momsaxurebaze.
mocemul definiciaSi gansazRvruli formebi SeiZleba
ramdenime komponentad davyoT:
1. bavSvis fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri saWiroebebis da-
ukmayofilebloba (mag., higiena, kveba da a.S.);
2. bavSvis samedicino saWiroebebis daukmayofileblo-
ba;
3. bavSvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani saWiroebebis da-
ukmayofilebloba (mag., uyuradRebod datoveba, saf-
rTxisagan daucveloba);
4. bavSvis inteleqtualuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebi-
saTvis saWiro pirobebis ugulebelyofa (mag., roca
bavSvi ar dadis skolaSi);
5. bavSvis socialuri saWiroebebis daukmayofileblo-
ba.
ugulebelyofis zemoaRniSnul romelime formasTan er-
Tad mniSvnelovania imis dadgenac, mSobels, sxva kanonier
warmomadgenels an/da sxva pasuxismgebel pirs hqonda Tu
93 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 24 dekemberis №a-3666-

S-83-2020 gadawyvetileba.
140
ara saTanado informacia da SesaZlebloba da xeli miuwvde-
boda Tu ara Sesabamis momsaxurebaze. „qalTa mimarT Zala-
dobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxver-
plTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis
Tanaxmad, ojaxis wevrebis garda, sxva pasuxismgebel pirad
miiCneva is subieqti, romelTanac samarTlebrivi aqtis an
samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi garigebis safuZvelze faqtob-
rivad imyofeba/cxovrobs arasrulwlovani, romelze zrun-
visa da romlis kanonieri interesebis dacvis valdebule-
bac daekisra imave samarTlebrivi aqtis an samoqalaqo-sa-
marTlebrivi garigebis safuZvelze (mag., ZiZa).
rogorc wesi, ugulebelyofa qronikulia, Tumca mas Se-
iZleba epizoduri xasiaTic hqondes. mniSvnelovania imis
gaTvaliswinebac, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bav-
Svebi gansakuTrebiT advilad SeiZleba gaxdnen ugulebel-
yofis msxverplni. marTalia, ugulebelyofa ZiriTadad si-
RaribesTanaa dakavSirebuli, Tumca igi SeZlebul ojaxeb-
Sic vlindeba. 94
arsebuli praqtikiT, arasrulwlovnis kanonieri inte-
resebis ugulebelyofa ZiriTadad gamoixateba bavSvis mo-
uvlelobaSi, sakvebis miucemlobaSi, bavSvis antisanitarul
garemoSi cxovrebaSi, bavSvis mier mavne-Cvevebis aTvisebis
xelSewyobaSi da a.S. 95
mSoblis, sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis an/da sxva pasu-
xismgebeli piris mier arasrulwlovani Svilebis kanonieri
interesebis ugulebelyofisas, aRniSnul pirebs, arsebuli
meqanizmebis gamoyenebiT (mag., Semakavebeli an damcavi or-
deris gamocemiT), unda daekisroT imgvari valdebulebebis
Sesruleba, romlebic xels Seuwyobs bavSvis saWiroebebis
dakmayofilebas da uzrunvelyofs ugulebelyofis preven-
cias.
94 bavSvze Zaladoba da ugulebelyofa, gamovlena da reagireba (saxel-

mZRvanelo socialuri muSakebisTvis), saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi
jandacvis fondi, 2017, 41.
95 ix. https://bit.ly/3b2CLS7 [13.01.2021].
141
mag., erT-erT saqmeze gamocemuli damcavi orderiT mo-
Zalade mSobels, romelic ugulebelyofda arasrulwlova-
ni Svilebis interesebs, daevala Semdegi momsaxurebebis mi-
wodeba bavSvebisaTvis: janmrTelobis dacvis uzrunvelyo-
fa (profilaqtikuri da gegmiuri samedicino Semowmebis
mizniT bavSvis Sesabamis samedicino dawesebulebaSi Semow-
mebaze miyvana); ganaTlebis xelSewyobis uzrunvelyofa (ga-
naTlebis mizniT, sagakveTilo procesze dasaswrebad, sas-
wavlo kalendris Sesabamisad bavSvis sajaro skolaSi ga-
mocxadebis uzrunvelyofa, aseve bavSvis mier ganaTlebis
miRebis yoveldRiuri monitoringi); bavSvis saswavlo aqti-
vobebsa da RonisZiebebSi CarTva; bavSvis ganviTarebis xel-
Sewyobis uzrunvelyofa, arasrulwlovnis CarTva saWiro
fsiqologiur servisebSi da a.S. 96
zemoaRniSnuli regulaciebis garda, mSoblis an bavSvis
sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis mier arasrulwlovnis aR-
zrdisa da swavlebis an mis mimarT sxva movaleobaTa Seus-
rulebloba, rac gamoixateba arasrulwlovnis aRzrdisa da
swavlebis, sacxovrebliT, sakvebiTa da normaluri ganviTa-
rebisaTvis saWiro sxva pirobebiT uzrunvelyofis movale-
obaTa borotad SeusruleblobiT, arasrulwlovnis mier
narkotikuli nivTierebis eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe mox-
marebiT, cxovelisadmi arasaTanado mopyrobiT, ramac misi
tanjva, sxeulis dazianeba, misTvis tkivilis miyeneba gamo-
iwvia, rogorc erTjeradad, ise gansazRvruli periodis
ganmavlobaSi, an/da cxovelisadmi sastiki mopyrobiT, ra-
mac misi daRupva an dasaxiCreba gamoiwvia, wvrilmani xulig-
nobiT, xulignobiT, alkoholiani sasmlis smiT, Tambaqos
moxmarebis wesis darRveviT, civi iaraRis tarebiT, sqesob-
rivi Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis winaaRmdeg mimar-
Tuli ukanono qmedebis CadeniT, sagangebo (eqstremaluri)
samsaxuris gamoZaxebis erTiani satelefono nomris – „112“-
is aramiznobrivi gamoyenebiT, agreTve mSoblis an bavSvis
96 quTaisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 29 oqtombris №3/598-19 ga-

dawyvetileba.
142
sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis mier arasrulwlovanTa re-
ferirebis centrTan xelSekrulebis dadebaze uaris Tqma
an masTan dadebuli xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli valde-
bulebis Seusrulebloba warmoadgens administraciul sa-
marTaldarRvevas 172-e muxlis Sesabamisad, rac iwvevs
mSoblis an bavSvis sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis dajari-
mebas 100 laridan 300 laramde Tanxis odenobiT.
mocemuli samarTaldarRveva warmoadgens mSoblis
(mSoblebis), sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis an/da sxva pasu-
xismgebeli piris mier arasrulwlovnis interesebis ugule-
belyofis SemTxvevas, gansakuTrebiT, aRniSnuli normis
pirveli nawili, romelic gulisxmobs arasrulwlovnis aR-
zrdisa da swavlebis, sacxovrebliT, sakvebiTa da normalu-
ri ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro sxva pirobebiT uzrunvelyo-
fis movaleobaTa borotad Seusruleblobas.
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 172-e
muxlSi, wlebis ganmavlobaSi, ganxorcielda sxvadasxva
cvlileba, amiT, erTi mxriv, icvleboda sanqciebi (adminis-
traciuli saxdelebi) da, meore mxriv, normis Semadgenlo-
bas emateboda sxvadasxva valdebuleba. gansakuTrebiT aR-
saniSnavia 2014 wlis 17 oqtombris cvlilebebi, romlebic
ZalaSi amave wlis 14 noembers Sevida. aRniSnuli ganxorci-
elda „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aR-
kveTis, Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesa-
xeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi ugulebelyofis cnebis Semotanis
paralelurad. cvlilebebis gziT, manamde moqmed redaqcia-
Si arsebuli sityva „ugulebelyofa“ Seicvala sityvebiT
„borotad Seusrulebloba“ da Camoyalibda Semdegnairad:
„arasrulwlovnis aRzrdis, swavlebis, sacxovrebeliT, sak-
vebiT da normaluri ganviTarebisTvis saWiro sxva pirobe-
biT uzrunvelyofis movaleobaTa borotad Seusruleblo-
ba“.
cvlilebebis mizans warmoadgenda saqarTvelos adminis-
traciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi im Taviseburebe-
bis gaTvaliswineba, romlebic ukavSirdeba ojaxSi Zalado-
bis niSniT Cadenil administraciul gadacdomebze mimdina-
143
re administraciul samarTalwarmoebasa da bavSvTa ufle-
bebisa da interesebis dacvis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis
gaZlierebas iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac isini ojaxSi Zala-
dobis msxverplni arian. 97
2014 wlis Semdeg kidev ramdenime cvlileba ganxorciel-
da administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 172-e
muxlSi, Tumca es iyo ara normis Zireuli cvlileba, aramed
garkveuli valdebulebebis damateba. mag., 2018 wlis 13 de-
kembris kanoniT definicias daemata Tambaqos moxmarebis
wesebis darRveva, rac CaiTvala mSoblis an bavSvis sxva ka-
nonieri warmomadgenlis mier arasrulwlovnis aRzrdisa
da swavlebis movaleobaTa Seusruleblobad, xolo 2019
wlis 29 maisis kanoniT aRniSnul muxls daemata mSoblis pa-
suxismgebloba arasrulwlovnis aRzrdisa da swavlebis an
mis mimarT sxva movaleobaTa imgvari Seusrulebloba, rome-
lic gulisxmobs cxovelis an/da frinvelisadmi arasaTana-
do an/da sastik mopyrobas. cvlilebis mizani iyo cxoveli-
sadmi sastiki mopyrobis SemTxvevebisa da maTdami arahuma-
nuri damokidebulebis prevencia, rac xSirad swored piris
adreul asakSi gancdili mentaluri da fsiqologiuri
travmiT iyo ganpirobebuli. 98 bolo cvlileba ganxorciel-
da 2019 wlis 29 noembris kanoniT, romelic 2020 wlis pirve-
li ianvridan amoqmedda da SesaZlebeli gaxda administra-
ciuli pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba im mSoblis an bavSvis
sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlisaTvis, romelic uars acxa-
debs arasrulwlovanTa referirebis centrTan xelSekru-
lebis dadebaze an daarRvevs amave xelSekrulebiT masze
dakisrebul valdebulebebs.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, mSoblis an bavSvis sxva ka-
nonieri warmomadgenlis mier arasrulwlovnis aRzrdisa
97 ganmartebiTi baraTi „saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldar-

RvevaTa kodeqsSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis
proeqtze, ix. https://bit.ly/2LEyhqz [16.01.2021].
RvevaTa kodeqsSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis
proeqtze, ix. https://bit.ly/3oSehiv [16.01.2021].
144
da swavlebis movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis gaTva-
liswinebuli pasuxismgebloba warmoadgens bavSvis ojaxSi
Zaladobisagan dacvis kidev erT administraciul-samar-
Tlebriv meqanizms.
ugulebelyofis garda, bavSvze negatiurad aisaxeba fsi-
qologiuri Zaladoba, romelsac xSirad emociuri Zalado-
bis saxeliTac moixsenieben. Zaladobis es forma gulis-
xmobs arasrulwlovnis daSinebas, kritikas, mis mimarT ag-
resiul damokidebulebas, emociur manipulacias, usamar-
Tlo dadanaSaulebasa da braldebas, mometebul da gada-
Warbebul kontrols, dacinvas, yvirils, Seuracxyofas da
a.S. Zaladobis es forma sakmaod rTuli gamosavlenia da
gangrZobiTi xasiaTi aqvs. 99 „bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis
(referirebis) procedurebis damtkicebis Taobaze“ saqar-
Tvelos mTavrobis №437 dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, bavSvis mi-
marT fsiqologiuri Zaladoba ganimarteba, rogorc Seu-
racxyofa, SantaJi, damcireba, muqara an sxva iseTi qmedeba,
maT Soris, ojaxis wevris mier/mimarT sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 111 muxlSi miTiTebuli an/da amave kodeqsis 1261
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis Cadenisas bavSvis
mier gancdili Zlieri emociuri stresi, romelic iwvevs
bavSvis pativisa da Rirsebis Selaxvas an daSinebas. qalis mi-
marT an/da ojaxSi Cadenili fsiqologiuri Zaladobisgan
gansxvavebiT, bavSvis mimarT fsiqologiuri Zaladobis
formebi ufro farToa da moicavs ojaxSi Zaladobis an/da
ojaxuri danaSaulis Cadenisas faqtis Semswre bavSvis mier
gancdil Zlier emociur stressac, rac iwvevs arasrul-
wlovnis pativisa da Rirsebis Selaxvas an mis daSinebas.
fsiqologiuri Zaladobis Sedegebi kidev ufro damamZi-
mebelia arasrulwlovan SvilebTan mimarTebiT, radgan isi-
ni, srulwlovanebTan SedarebiT, ufro mowyvladebi arian.
99 mesxi m., arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso stan-

dartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebe-
lia samarTalwarmoebisas (gaerTianebuli erebis samodelo kanon-
mdeblobis analizis mixedviT), Jurnali „sisxlis samarTlis aqtua-
luri sakiTxebi“, №1, 2017, 55.
145
amgvari stresuli garemo iwvevs arasrulwlovnis fsiqikisa
da cnobierebis damaxinjebas, rac mTlianad sazogadoebaSi
arajansaRi situaciis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels. Sesabami-
sad, mravali riski arsebobs im bavSvebis jansaR ganviTare-
basTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic ganmeorebadi col-qmruli
konfliqtis Semswreni arian da, amavdroulad, Zaladobis
msxverplebadac gvevlinebian. 100
bavSvis mimarT fsiqologiur Zaladobad Seafasa sasa-
marTlom arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT erTi mSoblis mi-
er meore mSoblis augad da Seuracxmyofel/damamcirebel
konteqstSi moxsenieba.
saqmis garemoebebis Tanaxmad, mama bavSvebs eubneboda,
rom deda iyo „nagavi da cudi qali da is quCaSi darCeboda,
bavSvebi ki masTan icxovrebdnen. Tu deda kargad moiqceoda
da mas daujerebda, maSin iqneboda maTTan sadamdec bavSvebs
moundebodaT da Tu cudad moiqceoda, maSin quCaSi darCe-
boda“. amis gamo bavSvebi Zalian nerviulobdnen da ar undo-
daT, rom deda wasuliyo. socialur muSakTan saubrisas
erT-erTma bavSvma aRniSna, rom dedas ar axsenebda mamasTan,
radgan fiqrobda, rom mama gabrazdeboda da iyvirebda. sa-
samarTlos SefasebiT, es garemoebebi adasturebda, rom ma-
mis mxridan Svilebze xorcieldeboda fsiqologiuri Zala-
doba, rac gamoixateboda dedis augad moxseniebaSi. sasamar-
Tlo mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs im garemoebas, rom bavSvebs
eSinodaT mamasTan dedis xsenebac ki, rom mama ar gabrazebu-
liyo da ar eyvira.
mosamarTlis SefasebiT, bavSvis mimarT fsiqologiuri
Zaladoba SeiZleba gamoixatos iseTi garemos SeqmnaSi, ro-
desac bavSvi ver afiqsirebs Tavis nebas da ver gamoxatavs
grZnobebs. rodesac bavSvs raRacis Tqma unda, magram eSinia,
amis gamo vinmes ukmayofileba ar daimsaxuros, esec fsiqo-
logiuri Zaladobis gamoxatulebaa. bavSvi am dros axdens
Tavisi survilebis ugulebelyofas, xolo bavSvis survile-
100 quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 21 ianvris №3/b-11-20 gan-

Cineba.
146
bis gamoxatva Tu ar moxdeba, aman SeiZleba daazianos bav-
Svis fsiqika.
sasamarTlom sworad Seafasa arsebuli garemoebebi da
bavSvis saukeTeso interesebi da daaskvna, rom adgili hqon-
da mamis mier arasrulwlovani Svilebis mimarT fsiqologi-
uri Zaladobis faqts, rac gamoixateboda dedis Seurac-
xmyofeli sityvebiT moxseniebaSi. sasamarTlom aRniSna,
rom bavSvebs uyvardaT deda, romelsac mama damamcirebeli
sityvebiT moixseniebda bavSvebis TandaswrebiT, Sesabami-
sad, miiCnia, rom arasrulwlovnebis mamasTan fsiqologiu-
ri zegavlenis reJimSi yofna maT fsiqikur mdgomareobas
daazianebda, rasac SeiZleba mohyoloda gamousworebeli
Sedegebi. 101
zemoaRniSnulis garda, bavSvi ojaxSi SeiZleba daeqvem-
debaros Zaladobis iseT formebs, rogoricaa: fizikuri,
ekonomikuri da seqsualuri Zaladoba, aseve iZuleba.
qalTa mimarT an/da ojaxSi ZaladobisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli elementebis garda, bavSvTa mimarT fizikuri Zalado-
ba, maT Soris, moicavs bavSvis fizikuri dasjisken mimar-
Tul moqmedebas, xolo iZuleba, maT Soris, moicavs iZule-
biT qorwinebas, antisazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi Cabmas
an/da Tanamonawileobas, nivTierebaTa avad moxmarebas, mow-
yalebis Txovnas, agreTve bavSvis CarTvas SromiT saqmiano-
baSi, maT Soris, wvrilman vaWrobaSi, romelic iwvevs bavSvis
sabaziso uflebebis (ganaTlebis, jansaR fizikur da menta-
lur garemoSi ganviTarebis) SezRudvas. iZulebad CaiTvle-
ba bavSvis Sromis Sedegad mopovebuli Tanxis mTliani an/da
nawilobrivi miTvisebac.
rac Seexeba bavSvTa mimarT ekonomikuri da seqsualur
Zaladobis definiciebs, aRniSnuli msgavsia „qalTa mimarT
Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis
msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos ka-
nonSi mocemuli ganmartebebisa.
101 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 31 maisis №3b/1367-19 ga-

dawyvetileba.
147
mamis mier arasrulwlovani Svilis mimarT ganxorciele-
buli fizikuri Zaladobis saqmeze, rac gamoixata sityvier
Seuracxyofasa da zurgis areSi qamris ramdenjerme dar-
tymaSi, sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi
mkacrad unda gamijnuliyo arasrulwlovani Svilis mimarT
mSoblis ufleba-movaleobani da ojaxSi Zaladoba. sasamar-
Tlom yuradReba gaamaxvila im garemoebaze, rom sakiTxi
exeboda arasrulwlovans da bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT
reglamentirebul mis fundamentur uflebebs. sasamar-
Tlos SefasebiT, „mocemul SemTxvevaSi braldebulis mxri-
dan uxeSad gadailaxa arasrulwlovani Svilis mimarT mSob-
lis ufleba-movaleobani da gadaizarda ZaladobaSi, rasac
sistematuri xasiaTi mieca. braldebulma ver gaacnobiera
sakuTari Svilis asaki, masTan urTierTobis forma, xolo
misi qmedebis mizani da motivi gaxda ZaladobiT arasrul-
wlovani Svilis damorCileba. danaSauli Cadenil iqna sakma-
od mZime formiT, rac gamoixata arasrulwlovnis qamriT
cemaSi. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs im garemoebazec, rom daza-
ralebuli ar aris Serigebuli braldebulTan. am ukanas-
knels saamisod aranairi nabiji ar gadaudgams, ufro metic,
braldebuls arc samomavlod aqvs dasaxuli sakuTar aras-
rulwlovan SvilTan urTierTobis nominalizacia da, am
mxriv, mas sasamarTlosTvis ganmarteba ar miucia“ 102.
bavSvze pirdapiri formiT Zaladobis garda, mis fsiqika-
sa da ganviTarebaze mZime zegavlenas axdens mSoblebs So-
ris sistematuri konfliqti, Cxubi, fizikuri Seuracxyofa
da a.S. kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli faqtebis Sem-
swre bavSvic miiCneva msxverplad, vinaidan ojaxis sxva wev-
rebs Soris arsebuli konfliqtisas bavSvi ganicdis mZime
moralur da fsiqikur tanjvas. 103
102
foTis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 24 agvistos ganaCeni, ix. xati-
aSvili g., saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mniSvnelovani ganmar-
tebebi qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebul saqmeeb-
ze, 2016-2018, 2019, 109-110, ix. https://bit.ly/2KYIhdM [20.01.2021].
103 xatiaSvili g., saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mniSvnelovani
148
mamakacis mier meuRlis mimarT arasrulwlovani Svilis
TandaswrebiT fizikuri Zaladobis saqmeze sasamarTlom
yuradReba gaamaxvila Zaladobis faqtis Semswre arasrul-
wlovnis mdgomareobasa da misTvis ojaxSi Zaladobis faq-
tis savalalo zegavlenaze. rogorc sasamarTlo miuTi-
Tebs, „mdgomareobas amZimebs is, rom arasrulwlovnis Tan-
daswrebiT ojaxSi Zaladoba, rogori formiTac ar unda
vlindebodes, mis emociur da fsiqikur mdgomareobaze sava-
lalo zegavlenas axdens. miuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvi Zala-
dobis uSualo msxverpls ar warmoadgens, Zaladobis mow-
med yofna, gansakuTrebiT iseT mniSvnelovan adamianebs So-
ris, rogorebic mSoblebi arian, uaryofiTad aisaxeba mis
keTildReobaze da mowyvlads xdis agresiuli qcevebis aT-
visebisa da Semdgomi gamovlinebis mimarT“ 104.
2. bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis)

sistema da procedurebi
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2016 wlis 12 seqtembris №437

dadgenilebiT damtkicebulia bavSvTa dacvis mimarTviano-
bis (referirebis) procedurebi, romelTa mizania ojaxSi da
mis gareT bavSvis Zaladobis yvela formisgan dacvis xel-
Sewyoba, referirebis procedurebis koordinirebuli da
efeqtiani sistemis Camoyalibebis gziT. aRniSnuli doku-
mentis miReba ganapiroba 2016 wlis 22 ivnisis sakanonmdeb-
lo cvlilebebma, romlebSic gakeTda pirdapiri miTiTeba
bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) procedure-
bis saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier damtkicebis saWiroebaze.
manamde „bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) pro-
cedurebi“ damtkicebuli iyo saqarTvelos Sromis, jan-
mrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris, saqarTvelos
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministrisa da saqarTvelos Si-
104 rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 23 oqtombris ganaCeni, ix.

xatiaSvili g., saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mniSvnelovani
149
nagan saqmeTa ministris 2010 wlis 31 maisis erToblivi brZa-
nebiT. aRniSnuli normatiuli aqtis mizani iyo ojaxSi da
mis gareT bavSvis Zaladobis yvela formisgan dacvis xel-
Sewyoba mimarTvianobis (referirebis) koordinirebuli da
efeqturi sistemis Camoyalibebis gziT. miTiTebuli regu-
laciis Tanaxmad, bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referire-
bis) procedurebSi CarTuli subieqtebi iyvnen sapatrulo
policiis departamenti da saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa sa-
ministros teritoriuli organoebis saubno samsaxurebi,
ssip – socialuri momsaxurebis saagento da misi struqtu-
ruli erTeuli – meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis adgilobri-
vi organoebi, skolebi, bavSvTa specializebuli dawesebu-
lebebi (bavSvTa saaRmzrdelo dawesebuleba, bavSvTa saxli,
dRis centri, mcire saojaxo tipis saxli), samedicino dawe-
sebulebebi da soflis eqimebi. Tumca aRniSnuli brZanebiT
gansazRvruli procedurebis praqtikaSi danergvam etapob-
rivad gamokveTa rigi sakiTxebi, romlebic moiTxovda miTi-
Tebul regulaciebSi cvlilebebis Setanasa da mimarTvia-
nobis (referirebis) procedurebSi CarTuli subieqtebis
gafarToebas. amitom, vinaidan 2016 wlis sakanonmdeblo
cvlilebebiT gafarTovda aRniSnul procedurebSi monawi-
le subieqtebis wre, aucilebeli gaxda „bavSvTa dacvis mi-
marTvianobis (referirebis) procedurebis“ dokumentis sa-
qarTvelos mTavrobis mier damtkiceba. 105
bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) sistema
moicavs:
1. Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvis gamovlenas;
2. bavSvis mdgomareobis Sefasebas;
3. bavSvze Zaladobis SemTxvevis Sesaxeb Sesabamisi or-
ganoebis informirebas;
4. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, bavSvis gancalkevebasa da
ganTavsebas bavSvTa saTanado specializebul dawese-
105 ganmartebiTi baraTi „ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis

msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi cvli-
lebebis Setanis Taobaze“ saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze, ix.
https://bit.ly/3qzXMrQ [20.01.2021].
150
bulebaSi/TavSesafarSi/mindobiT aRzrdaSi, rome-
lic xels Seuwyobs mis usafrTxoebasa da reabilita-
cias;
5. Zaladobis SemTxvevaze zedamxedvelobas.
arasrulwlovnis mimarT ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtis ga-

movlenis (pirveladi identifikaciis) da masze reagirebis
mizniT Sesabamisi organoebisaTvis mimarTvis valdebuleba
akisriaT samedicino dawesebulebebs, saswavlo da saaR-
mzrdelo dawesebulebebs, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis
organos da maT uflebamosil TanamSromlebs, agreTve bav-
SvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) procedurebSi
CarTul sxva Sesabamis dawesebulebebsa da maT uflebamo-
sil TanamSromlebs.
referirebis procesSi CarTuli subieqtebi arian:
 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros uflebamo-
sili danayofebi (policia);
 saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da
sportis saministrosa 106 da saqarTvelos iusticiis
saministros Sesabamisi dawesebulebebi da am saminis-
troTa saxelmwifo kontrols daqvemdebarebu-
li/mmarTvelobis sferoSi moqmedi sajaro samar-
Tlis iuridiuli pirebi;
 saqarTvelos prokuratura;
 ssip – danaSaulis prevenciis centri;
 sabavSvo baRebi;
 ssip – saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mandaturis
samsaxuri;
106
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrodan kulturisa
da sportis komponentis gamoyofis Semdeg damoukidebel uwyebad Ca-
moyalibda kulturis, sportisa da axalgazrdobis saministro. aRniS-
nulis Taobaze „saqarTvelos mTavrobis struqturis, uflebamosi-
lebisa da saqmianobis wesis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebi
aisaxa 2021 wlis 16 martis kanoniT, Tumca 2021 wlis 31 maisis mdgoma-
reobiT Sesabamisi cvlilebebi ar Sesula saqarTvelos mTavrobis 437-
e dadgenilebaSi.
151
 saganmanaTleblo da skolisgareSe saxelovnebo
an/da sasporto saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi;
 bavSvTa specializebuli dawesebulebebi da TavSe-
safrebi;
 samedicino servisebis mimwodeblebi (maT Soris, sof-
lis eqimebi);
 municipalitetis gamgeoba/meria (qalaq Tbilisis mu-
nicipalitetSi – municipalitetis raionis gamgeo-
ba)/misi uflebamosili dawesebuleba (arasamewarmeo
(arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piri).
bavSvze Zaladobis SemTxvevis gamovlena evaleba zemo-

aRniSnul dawesebulebebsa da yvela organos, romelsac
aqvs Sexeba bavSvebTan an/da im ojaxebTan da garemosTan,
romelSic bavSvi imyofeba.
aRniSnuli dawesebulebis warmomadgenlebi valdebulni
arian, kompetenciis farglebSi, bavSvze Zaladobis eWvis ga-
Cenis SemTxvevaSi, adgilze gadaamowmon bavSvze Zaladobas-
Tan dakavSirebuli gadaudebeli SemTxveva, moaxdinon bav-
Svze ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis safuZvliani eWvis iden-
tifikacia da awarmoon SemTxvevis marTva.
bavSvze savaraudod ganxorcielebul Zaladobaze SesaZ-
loa miuTiTebdes qvemoT CamoTvlili erTi an ramdenime ga-
remoeba:
 bavSvis sxeulze dazianebis niSnebis arseboba (sxva-
dasxva feris silurjeebi, sxvadasxva xarisxis Wri-
lobebi da nakawrebi, iarebi, gaZnelebuli siaruli,
sxeulis SeSupebuli nawilebi, motexilobebi, dam-
wvrobis kvali, kopebi da sxva saxis dazianebebi);
 bavSvi iqceva saeWvod (bavSvis aRgznebulia, daTrgu-
nulia, eSinia, ar unda saxlSi dabruneba, radikalu-
rad Seecvala xasiaTi da sxv.);
 bavSvi ar dadis an/da araregularulad dadis sagan-
manaTleblo an/da skolisgareSe saxelovnebo an/da
sasporto saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi;
152
 bavSvi ar aris registrirebuli an bavSvs ar aqvs daba-
debis mowmoba, ar aris pediatris/eqimis meTvalyure-
obis qveS;
 bavSvi mouvlelia, mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba fizikur
ganviTarebaSi, bavSvs aqvs mouwesrigebeli garegnu-
li ier-saxe (aqvs usufTao saxe da sxeuli, acvia WuW-
yiani an/da sezonisTvis Seuferebeli tansacmeli, ik-
vebeba saWmlis narCenebiT);
 asakis Seufereblad dros atarebs umeTvalyureod,
sacxovrebeli garemo Seicavs safrTxeebs bavSvis
janmrTelobisa da ganviTarebisTvis, cxovrobs bav-
SvTa jgufis sxva wevrebTan erTad;
 CarTulia iseT SromiT saqmianobaSi, maT Soris,
wvrilman vaWrobaSi, romelic iwvevs misi sabaziso
uflebebis (ganaTlebis, jansaRi fizikuri da menta-
luri ganviTarebis) SezRudvas;
 bavSvi gamoyenebulia an Cabmulia misi asakisaTvis Se-
uferebel samuSaoSi an/da antisazogadoebriv saqmia-
nobaSi (iTxovs mowyalebas/maTxovrobs, aragonivru-
lad did dros atarebs quCaSi);
 bavSvi xSirad gadaadgildeba ucxo pirTan/pirebTan
erTad naTesavis an axloblis gareSe an imyofeba uc-
xo pirebis mudmivi meTvalyureobis qveS an/da uwevs
maT momsaxurebas;
 bavSvis saTamaSoebi, sawoli, tanisamosi an sxva nivTe-
bi aRmoCenilia Seuferebel adgilebSi (maT Soris,
qarxana da sxva), adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
riskis Semcvel dawesebulebebSi.
aRniSnuli garemoebebi ar aris amomwuravi da yovel kon-
kretul SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa nebismieri sxva faqtori miu-
TiTebdes bavSvze Zaladobaze.
referirebis procedurebSi CarTuli TiToeuli subieq-
ti uflebamosilia, TavianTi kompetenciis farglebSi, bav-
Svze Zaladobis eWvis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi, adgilze gaaana-
lizos SemTxveva da safuZvliani eWvis arsebobisas dauyov-
153
nebliv uzrunvelyos ssip saxelmwifo zrunvisa da trefi-
kingis msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa daxmarebis saagentosa
(SemdegSi – saagento) da policiis informireba.
referirebis procedura erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs
bavSvze Zaladobis eWvs da safuZvlian eWvs da Sesabamis uw-
yebas mxolod maSin akisrebs saagentosa da policiaSi Set-
yobinebis gagzavnis valdebulebas, rodesac SemTxvevis Ses-
wavlis procesSi warmoiSoba safuZvliani eWvi imis Taobaze,
rom bavSvi aris Zaladobis msxverpli.
referirebis proceduris miznebisaTvis safuZvliani eW-

vi SesaZlebelia warmoiSvas, Tu arsebobs Semdegi garemoe-
bebi:
 bavSvis gancxadeba, rom masze xorcieldeba an gan-
xorcielda Zaladoba;
 bavSvis mier travmis mizezebis axsnis SeuZlebloba;
 mowmis gancxadeba, rom igi Seeswro Zaladobis faqts;
 mSoblis/kanonieri warmomadgenlis an sxva pasuxis-
mgebeli piris araadekvaturi qceva, rogoricaa: bav-
Svis travmis simZimis Seusabamoba travmis miRebis Se-
saxeb mSoblis/kanonieri warmomadgenlis/sxva pasu-
xismgebeli piris monaTxrobTan; bavSvis travmis sim-
Zimis Seusabamoba travmis miRebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva
pirTa monaTxrobebs Soris; mSoblis/kanonieri war-
momadgenlis/sxva pasuxismgebeli piris monaTxrobis
detalebis mudmivi cvlileba; mSoblis/kanonieri
warmomadgenlis/sxva pasuxismgebeli piris araadek-
154
vaturi reagireba bavSvis travmaze; bavSvis mier
travmis mizezis auxsneloba;
 sxva garemoebebi, romlebic maRali albaTobiT qmnis
safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom bavSvze ganxorciel-
da Zaladoba.
referirebis proceduraSi CarTuli uflebamosili pi-
rebi, policiis garda, bavSvze Zaladobis safuZvliani eWvis
arsebobisas, valdebulni arian, Seavson bavSvTa dacvis mi-
marTvis baraTi, romelic egzavneba saagentos Sesabamis te-
ritoriul erTeuls fostiT, faqsiT an, arsebobis SemTxve-
vaSi, Sesabamisi eleqtronuli dokumentbrunvis sistemiT,
xolo gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli uwyebis warmomad-
genlebi valdebulni arian, bavSvze Zaladobis Sesaxeb in-
formacia dauyovnebliv acnobon policias, gamoiZaxon sas-
wrafo samedicino daxmarebis brigada da saagentos Seatyo-
binon „cxeli xazis“ (116 006) meSveobiT an/da werilobiTi
formiT.
bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) procedu-
rebSi CarTuli subieqtis (dawesebulebis an/da misi ufle-
bamosili TanamSromlis) mier bavSvze Zaladobis gamovleni-
sa da bavSvze Zaladobis Sesaxeb informaciis Sesabamisi sa-
xelmwifo organosaTvis miwodebis valdebulebis Seusru-
lebloba iwvevs pasuxismgeblobas saqarTvelos adminis-
traciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1726 muxlis Sesaba-
misad, kerZod, fizikuri piris SemTxvevaSi – gafrTxilebas
an dajarimebas 50 laridan 100 laramde odenobiT, xolo Se-
sabamisi dawesebulebis (iuridiuli piris) SemTxvevaSi – da-
jarimebas 100 laridan 200 laramde odenobiT.
bavSvis mimarT SesaZlo Zaladobis gamovlenis Semdeg
mniSvnelovania SemTxvevis siRrmiseuli Seswavla savarau-
do msxverpl bavSvTan gasaubrebisa da sxva mtkicebulebe-
bis mopovebis gziT, procesSi wamyvani roli policiasa da
saagentos ekisreba, anu im organoebs, romlebsac safuZ-
vliani eWvis arsebobisas miawodes informacia Zaladobis
savaraudo msxverpli bavSvis Sesaxeb.
155
referirebis procedurebSi monawile subieqtebidan an
sxva wyarodan bavSvze Zaladobis Sesaxeb informaciis miRe-
bisTanave, an iseTi faqtobrivi garemoebebis gamovlenisas,
romlebic aCens eWvs, rom bavSvze ganxorcielda Zaladoba,
policia valdebulia, dauyovnebliv gamocxaddes SemTxve-
vis/gamoZaxebis adgilze, xolo adgilze misvlisas unda ga-
naxorcielos Semdegi qmedebebi: waradginos vinaoba, Seis-
wavlos da Seafasos mdgomareoba, gaesaubros savaraudo
msxverpls, savaraudo moZalades, ojaxis wevrebs, mowmeebs
(mezoblebs, naTesavebs da a.S. maTi arsebobis SemTxvevaSi),
moipovos mtkicebulebebi da Zaladobis niSnebis (safuZ-
vliani eWvis) arsebobisas informacia dauyovnebliv miawo-
dos saagentos.
aRsaniSnavia, rom policias, rogorc referirebis pro-
ceduraSi CarTul subieqts, aseve ekisreba Setyobinebis ga-
keTebis valdebuleba, Tumca adresati aris mxolod saagen-
to.
policiis mier saagentosTvis gadacemuli informacia
unda Seicavdes:
a) policielis saxels, gvarsa da Tanamdebobas;
b) bavSvis saxelsa da gvars, mis asaks, sqess, misamarTs,
SemTxvevis/gamoZaxebis adgils, Tu igi gansxvavdeba
bavSvis sacxovrebeli misamarTisgan;
g) Zaladobis Taobaze safuZvliani eWvis an Zaladobis
faqtis mokle aRweras;
d) policiis mier Catarebuli qmedebebis CamonaTvals.
policiam myisierad unda aRkveTos bavSvze Zaladobis

faqti da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiZaxos saswrafo sa-
medicino daxmarebis brigada.
SemTxvevis Seswavlis Semdeg, saTanado safuZvlebis ar-
sebobisas, unda gamoweros Semakavebeli orderi da, auci-
leblobis SemTxvevaSi, uzrunvelyos bavSvis usafrTxo ga-
remoSi gadayvana marto an mSobelTan/kanonier warmomadge-
nelTan/sxva pasuxismgebel pirTan erTad.
156
bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) wesi gan-
sxvavebul regulaciebsa da samoqmedo gegmas gansazRvravs
policiisaTvis samuSao da arasamuSao dReebSi/saaTebSi ga-
moZaxebisas.
mniSvnelovania, rom zemoaRniSnuli yvela RonisZieba Tu

moqmedeba bavSvis usafrTxoebis, sicocxlis, janmrTelobi-
sa da misi saukeTeso interesebis dacvis mizans emsaxurebo-
des, amitom policiis TiToeulma TanamSromelma mis xelT
arsebuli yvela instrumenti am suliskveTebiT unda gamoi-
yenos.
rac Seexeba saagentos rols, saagentoSi informaciis
SesvlisTanave, dauyovnebliv unda moxdes bavSvze Zalado-
bis SemTxvevaze reagireba, maT Soris, socialurma muSakma
SemTxvevis/gamoZaxebis adgilze gasvlisas unda Seafasos
bavSvze Zaladobis SemTxveva, kerZod, moaxdinos bavSvze Za-
ladobis niSnebis identifikacia da Zaladobis Sedegebisa
da bavSvis usafrTxoebis riskebis gaTvaliswinebiT miiRos
Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba bavSvTan dakavSirebiT, rac Zala-
dobis aRmofxvrasa da prevencias Seuwyobs xels.
157
saagento, bavSvze ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis an Zala-
dobis eWvis SemTxvevaSi, saqmis ganxilvas iwyebs saagentoSi
Sesuli werilobiTi, satelefono an/da sxva sakomunikacio
Setyobinebis safuZvelze, aseve saagentos mier moZie-
bul/gamovlenil SemTxvevebSi, rodesac moqmedebs Tavisi
kompetenciis farglebSi da Sida instruqciis Sesabamisad.
amdenad, saagento mimarTvianobis (referirebis) pro-
cesSi erTveba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu:
a) Zaladobis faqti dadasturebulia da bavSvi moTavse-
bulia droebiT sacxovrebelSi ojaxis an/da mudmivi
adgilsamyofelis gareT. aseT SemTxvevaSi saagentos
socialuri muSaki midis bavSvis droebiT ganTavsebis
adgilze da axdens bavSvis mdgomareobis Sefasebas,
ris safuZvelzec SeimuSavebs arasrulwlovnis indi-
vidualuri ganviTarebis gegmas. saWiroebis SemTxve-
vaSi, saagentos SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos, bav-
Svis mSoblisTvis/mSoblebisTvis mSoblis uflebis
SezRudvis an CamorTmevis Sesaxeb;
b) miRebuli informacia badebs safuZvlian eWvs, rom
bavSvze ganxorcielda an xorcieldeba Zaladoba. so-
cialuri muSaki informaciis miRebisTanave axorcie-
lebs vizits bavSvTan. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, socia-
luri muSaki saagentos fsiqologTan erTad afasebs
bavSvs da misi usafrTxoebis riskebs, adgens aras-
rulwlovnis individualuri ganviTarebis gegmas,
ojaxis wevrebs/kanonier warmomadgenlebs/sxva pasu-
xismgebel pirebs uwevs konsultacias an/da axorcie-
lebs bavSvis referirebas saWiro momsaxurebaSi (min-
dobiT aRzrda, bavSvTa specializebuli dawesebule-
ba an TavSesafari).
Tu bavSvTan vizitis dros socialuri muSakis Sefasebis

Sedegad dadgina, rom saqme exeba gadaudebel SemTxvevas,
igi dauyovnebliv mimarTavs policias da iZaxebs saswrafo
samedicino daxmarebis brigadas. socialuri muSaki dauyov-
nebliv mimarTavs policias im SemTxvevaSic, Tu CaTvlis sa-
158
Wirod bavSvis erT mSobelTan/kanonier warmomadgenel-
Tan/sxva pasuxismgebel pirTan erTad an marto usafrTxo
garemoSi gadayvanas.
Tu bavSvis sicocxles an/da janmrTelobas ar emuqreba
safrTxe, magram arasrulwlovnis ojaxis wevri/kanonieri
warmomadgeneli/sxva pasuxismgebeli piri uars acxadebs sa-
agentosTan TanamSromlobaze, saagentos ufleba aqvs, mi-
marTos sasamarTlos damcavi orderis gamocemis moTxov-
niT, romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia aRniSnul pirebs
daekisroT Sesabamisi valdebulebebi da dauwesdeT saTana-
do SezRudvebi.
bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) sistemis
bolo da mniSvnelovani komponentia Zaladobis SemTxveva-
ze/bavSvis mdgomareobaze zedamxedveloba.
bavSvis individualuri ganviTarebis gegmis Sesruleba-
ze monitorings da bavSvis mdgomareobis zedamxedvelobas
axorcielebs saagento. bavSvis mdgomareobaze zedamxedve-
lobis funqcia akisria policiasac Tavisi kompetenciis
farglebSi, mag., gamocemuli Semakavebeli an damcavi orde-
ris monitoringis ganxorcielebisas. aseve, policieli
Tvalyurs adevnebs Zaladobis msxverpl bavSvs da mdgoma-
reobas mis ojaxSi, Tu Zaladoba ojaxSi ganxorcielda.
zedamxedvelobis procesSi erTvebian referirebis pro-
cedurebSi CarTuli subieqtebic, maTi kompetenciisa da
uflebamosilebis farglebSi. kerZod, aRniSnuli subieqte-
bi, maT Soris, samedicino servisis mimwodebeli dawesebu-
lebebi, romlebSic bavSvi registrirebulia ambulatoriu-
li servisis misaRebad, policiisa da prokuraturis garda,
TavianTi kompetenciis farglebSi valdebulni arian:
a) saagentosTan SeTanxmebiT Tvalyuri adevnon bavSvis
mdgomareobas da regularulad miawodon saagentos
socialur muSaks werilobiTi angariSi bavSvis mimdi-
nare mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic unda moicavdes:
sagakveTilo procesze daswrebas, bavSvis akademiur
moswrebas, bavSvis qcevebze Canawerebs, bavSvis jan-
mrTelobis, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, fsiqikuri mdgo-
159
mareobis Sesaxeb informacias da monacemebs aras-
rulwlovnis sxva aqtivobebSi CarTvis Sesaxeb;
b) miawodon informacia policias moZaladis mier bav-
SvTan kavSiris damyarebis mcdelobis Sesaxeb, Tu ga-
mowerilia Semakavebeli an damcavi orderi da sagan-
manaTleblo da skolisgareSe saxelovnebo an/da sas-
porto saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, sabavSvo
baRi an bavSvTa specializebuli dawesebuleba gaxda
moZaladis mier bavSvTan kavSiris damyarebis mcde-
lobis mowme. mag., Tu saagentos iniciativiT, bavSvis
dacvis mizniT, sasamarTlos mier gamowerilia damca-
vi orderi, saagento acnobebs saganmanaTleblo an/da
skolisgareSe saxelovnebo an/da sasporto saganma-
naTleblo dawesebulebebs, sabavSvo baRebsa da bav-
SvTa specializebul dawesebulebas bavSvis dacvas-
Tan dakavSirebiT gamocemuli orderis Taobaze.
bavSvis mimarT savaraudo Zaladobis faqtze reagirebisa

da SemTxvevis Semdgomi monitoringis mizniT mniSvnelova-
nia referirebis procedurebSi CarTul subieqtebs Soris
TanamSromloba da koordinacia, maT Soris, Sesabamisi in-
formaciis gacvla.
ojaxur danaSaulze, qalTa mimarT Zaladobaze an/da
ojaxSi Zaladobaze sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis yvela etap-
ze, maT Soris, gamokiTxvisas/dakiTxvisas, gaTvaliswinebu-
li unda iqnes arasrulwlovani mowmisa da dazaralebulis
saukeTeso interesebi, misi asakisa da ganviTarebis donis
Sesabamisad. ojaxur danaSaulTan, qalTa mimarT Zalado-
basTan an/da ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT dauSvebe-
lia arasrulwlovani gamosakiTxi piris/mowmisa da aras-
rulwlovani dazaralebulis gamokiTxva/dakiTxva, agreTve
damcavi an Semakavebeli orderis gamocemisas qalTa mimarT
Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis arasrulwlovan msxver-
plTan gasaubreba (misgan axsna-ganmartebis miReba) savarau-
do moZalade mSoblis (mSoblebis) TandaswrebiT. dauSvebe-
lia sisxlis samarTlis procesSi arasrulwlovnis kanoni-
160
er warmomadgenlad im piris CarTva, romelic savaraudo
moZaladea an romlis miukerZoeblobasTan dakavSirebiT
arsebobs eWvi am pirsa da moZalade ojaxis wevrs Soris ar-
sebuli urTierTobis xasiaTidan gamomdinare an interesTa
konfliqtis sxva SemTxveva, agreTve misTvis (maTTvis) aras-
rulwlovnis mier micemuli Cvenebis (gamokiTxvis oqmis, ax-
sna-ganmartebis) gacnoba an gadacema. am SemTxvevaSi mSob-
lis uflebamosileba, iyos arasrulwlovnis warmomadgene-
li sisxlis/administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis proces-
Si, SeCerebulad iTvleba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebis
ganmavlobaSi, davis saboloo gadawyvetamde, xolo meurve-
obisa da mzrunvelobis organo niSnavs arasrulwlovnis
warmomadgenels, romelic saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis
dros arasrulwlovnis interesebs warmoadgens.
3. bavSvis ojaxidan gamoyvanisa da mSoblisgan/sxva

pasuxismgebeli pirisgan gancalkevebis safuZvlebi
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1197-e muxlis Tanax-

mad, bavSvs aqvs ufleba, cxovrobdes da izrdebodes ojaxSi.
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari,
„bavSvis ufleba misi saukeTeso interesebis upiratesad
gaTvaliswinebis Sesaxeb“, miuTiTebs, rom mSoblebTan da-
Sorebis zegavlenis simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT, gancalkeveba
unda ganxorcieldes mxolod ukiduresi RonisZiebis saxiT,
rodesac bavSvs emuqreba uSualo safrTxe an rodesac es
sxva saWiroebisTvis aris aucilebeli. gancalkeveba da bav-
Svis mSoblisgan daSoreba ar unda moxdes, Tu naklebad in-
truziuri/mkacri zomebiT SesaZlebelia arasrulwlovnis
dacva. gancalkevebamde saxelmwifo unda daexmaros mSob-
lebs pasuxismgeblobis SesrulebaSi da aRadginos, gaaZlie-
ros ojaxis SesaZleblobebi/unari, izrunos bavSvze, garda
im SemTxvevisa, Tu daSoreba aucilebelia bavSvis dasaca-
vad. komiteti aRniSnavs, rom bavSvis mSoblebisgan gancal-
161
keveba ar SeiZleba iqnas gamarTlebuli ekonomikuri mize-
zebiT. 107
arasrulwlovanze Zaladobis dros policiis uflebamo-
sili TanamSromlis mier gamocemuli Semakavebeli orderis
safuZvelze, xolo bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referi-
rebis) procedurebiT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi – socia-
luri muSakis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT xdeba bavSvis
gancalkeveba moZalade mSoblisgan (mSoblebisgan), sxva ka-
nonieri warmomadgenlisagan an nebismieri sxva moZaladisa-
gan. amdenad, bavSvis moZaladisgan gancalkevebis iniciato-
ri SeiZleba iyos policiis TanamSromeli an socialuri mu-
Saki. socialur muSaks amgvari uflebamosileba – bavSvze
Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi, arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso inte-
resis dacvis mizniT, arasrulwlovani ganacalkevos moZa-
lade ojaxis wevrisagan, kanonieri warmomadgenlisgan an
sxva pirisgan, 2016 wels mieniWa. motivad dasaxelda aras-
rulwlovnis ojaxidan gamoyvanis sakiTxSi socialuri mu-
Sakis, rogorc specialuri codnisa da kvalifikaciis mata-
rebeli profesionalis, Sefaseba da CarTuloba. 108
arasrulwlovnis mSoblisagan (mSoblebisagan), sxva kano-
nieri warmomadgenlisagan an arasrulwlovanTan faqtobri-
vad myofi/mcxovrebi nebismieri sxva pirisagan gancalkeve-
ba aris ukiduresi zoma, kerZod, gancalkeveba warmoadgens
arasrulwlovnis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayof ukidures
zomas, romelic gamoiyeneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac gamoyenebul iqna yvela sxva, naklebad mkaci zoma (maT
Soris, gasaubreba da gafrTxileba) da am zomebma sasurveli
Sedegi ver gamoiRo, an rodesac Seqmnil viTarebaSi aSkaraa,
107 General comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best
interests taken as a primary consideration (art. 3, para. 1), Committee on the Rights of
the Children, 2013, V – Implementation: assessing and determining the child’s best
interests, §c-61, ix. https://bit.ly/3bJKk0j [15.01.2021].
108 ganmartebiTi baraTi „ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis
msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi cvli-
lebebis Setanis Taobaze“ saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze, ix.
https://bit.ly/3qzXMrQ [20.01.2021].
162
rom momdevno 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi naklebad mkacri zo-
mis gamoyeneba ver uzrunvelyofs bavSvis sicocxlisa da
janmrTelobis dacvas, rac gamoiwvevs bavSvis gardauval
daRupvas an janmrTelobis naklebad mZime an mZime daziane-
bas. bavSvi mSoblisgan ar unda gancalkevdes mxolod imi-
tom, rom mSobels ar aqvs saTanado sacxovrebeli pirobebi
an finansuri saxsrebi, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac oja-
xis mxardaWeris RonisZiebis ganxorcieleba sasurvel Se-
degs ar iZleva an arsebobs sakmarisi safuZveli daskvnisaT-
vis, rom am RonisZiebis ganxorcielebas sasurveli Sedegi
ar eqneba. Sesabamisad, bavSvis gancalkeveba/misi ojaxidan
gamoyvana ganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc ukiduresi Ronis-
Zieba da bavSvTa Zaladobisgan dacvis instrumentebis efeq-
tianoba unda Sefasdes arasrulwlovnis mSoblebTan an sxva
kanonier warmomadgenlebTan datovebis perspeqtiviT.
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arasrulwlovnis gancal-
kevebis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebisas unda Sefasdes,
warmoadgens Tu ara es ukidures zomas, anu ra gakeTda bav-
Svis ojaxTan kavSiris SesanarCuneblad da gamoiRo Tu ara
aman sasurveli Sedegi an/da adgili xom ar aqvs gadaudebel
SemTxvevas – mdgomareobas, romelic safrTxes uqmnis bav-
Svis sicocxles an/da janmrTelobas, an SeiZleba gamoiwvi-
os misi sikvdili, an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis mkveTri
gauareseba momdevno 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi.
bavSvis gancalkevebasTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo
debulebebis analizi miuTiTebs, „ukiduresi zoma“ yvela
SemTxvevaSi ar niSnavs, rom adgili aqvs „gadaudebel mdgo-
mareobas“. kerZod, kanonmdebloba ukidures zomad ganixi-
lavs iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac gamoyenebul iqna yvela sxva,
naklebad mkacri zoma (maT Soris, gasaubreba da gafrTxi-
leba) da am zomebma sasurveli Sedegi ver gamoiRo, rac av-
tomaturad ar gulisxmobs gadaudebeli viTarebis Seqmnas
(mag., SesaZloa moZalade mSoblis/mSoblebis mimarT, rom-
lebic ugulebelyofen arasrulwlovnis kanonier intere-
sebs, ganxorcielebulma yvela mcdelobam da RonisZiebam,
bavSvis ojaxTan mWidro kavSiris SenarCunebis Taobaze, ar
163
gaamarTla, ramac Seqmna ukiduresi viTareba, magram ara ga-
daudebeli SemTxveva, radgan bavSvis sicocxles an jan-
mrTelobas momdevno 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi safrTxe ar eq-
mneba). gadaudebeli mdgomareoba miuTiTebs ukidures viTa-
rebaze, rodesac saWiroa arasrulwlovnis mSoblisagan an
sxva pasuxismgebeli pirisagan gancalkeveba.
2020 wlis 1-li seqtembridan amoqmedda bavSvis ufleba-
Ta kodeqsi, romlis mizania bavSvis keTildReobis uzrun-
velyofa. igi gansazRvravs bavSvis ZiriTad uflebebsa da
Tavisuflebebs, qmnis bavSvis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavi-
suflebebis dacvisa da mxardaWeris sistemis funqcionire-
bis samarTlebriv safuZvlebs. kodeqsis 26-e muxli adgens
socialuri muSakis mier bavSvis mSoblisgan gancalkevebis
safuZvlebsa da procedurebs.
aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad, bavSvi misi nebis sawinaaR-
mdegod ar unda gancalkevdes mSoblisgan, garda im SemTxve-
visa, rodesac maTi daSoreba aucilebelia bavSvis saukeTe-
so interesebidan gamomdinare, uflebamosili organos mier
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad miRebuli gadawyvetilebis sa-
fuZvelze.
bavSvis mSoblisgan gancalkevebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetile-
bas iRebs socialuri muSaki, ris Semdegac SuamdgomlobiT
mimarTavs raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo bavSvis adgil-
samyofelis mixedviT. mosamarTle socialuri muSakis Suam-
dgomlobas erTpirovnulad, zepiri mosmenis gareSe ganixi-
lavs da 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi iRebs gadawyvetilebas bav-
Svis mSoblisagan gancalkevebis an gancalkevebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli wesisgan arsebobs gamonaklisi,
rodesac SesaZlebelia, bavSvis sicocxles, janmrTelobas
an usafrTxoebas myisieri da uSualo safrTxe Seeqmnas, anu
rodesac arsebobs gadaudebeli SemTxveva, socialuri muSa-
ki uflebamosilia, dauyovnebliv miiRos bavSvis mSoblis-
gan gancalkevebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba, ris Semdegac 24
saaTis ganmavlobaSi SuamdgomlobiT unda mimarTos sasa-
marTlos Tanxmobis misaRebad. Suamdgomloba unda Seicav-
des dasabuTebas bavSvis mSoblisgan gancalkevebis gadau-
164
debeli aucileblobis Taobaze. aRsaniSnavia, rom socialu-
ri muSakis mier SesaZlo safrTxeebis SefasebaSi unda mona-
wileobdes policiis TanamSromelic. mosamarTle socia-
luri muSakis Suamdgomlobas erTpirovnulad, zepiri mos-
menis gareSe ganixilavs da 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi iRebs ga-
dawyvetilebas bavSvis mSoblisgan gancalkevebaze Tanxmo-
bis gacemis an bavSvis mSoblisgan gancalkevebaze Tanxmobis
gacemaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
bavSvis uflebaTa kodeqsis 26-e muxlis me-5 punqtSi ga-
keTda pirdapiri miTiTeba, rom bavSvi mSoblisgan ar unda
gancalkevdes mxolod imis gamo, rom mSobels ar aqvs saTa-
nado sacxovrebeli pirobebi an finansuri saxsrebi, garda
im SemTxvevisa, rodesac ojaxis mxardaWeris RonisZiebebis
ganxorcieleba sasurvel Sedegs ar iZleva an arsebobs sak-
marisi safuZveli daskvnisTvis, rom am RonisZiebebis gan-
xorcielebas sasurveli Sedegi ar eqneba. dauSvebelia bav-
Svis mSoblisgan gancalkeveba imis gamo, rom bavSvi an mSobe-
li SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piria. amdenad, ojaxis
ekonomikuri an socialuri problemebi upirobod ar unda
gaxdes bavSvis ojaxidan gayvanis mizezi da upiratesoba un-
da mieniWos ojaxis gaZlierebisa da mxardaWeris progra-
mebs.
ra mizeziTac ar unda moxdes bavSvis mSoblisgan gancal-
keveba, aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba periodulad unda gadai-
sinjos im perspeqtiviT, rom SesaZloa, bavSvi dabrundes
ojaxSi. bavSvis mSoblisgan gancalkevebis mizezebis aRmof-
xvris Semdeg bavSvis ojaxSi dabruneba mis saukeTeso inte-
resebs unda Seesabamebodes.
zemoaRniSnuli debuleba aseve ganamtkicebs mosazrebas,
rom bavSvis mSoblisagan gancalkeveba SeiZleba moxdes ara-
gadaudebel viTarebaSi, Tumca yvela SemTxvevaSi es unda
iyos ukiduresi zoma.
aRniSnuli kodeqsiT Seicvala socialuri muSakis roli
da mis mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba, bavSvis mSoblisgan
gancalkevebis Sesaxeb, daeqvemdebara sasamarTlos kon-
trols. Sesabamisad, Tu manamde socialur muSaks SeeZlo
165
damoukideblad mieRo gadawyvetileba bavSvis gancalkeve-
bis Taobaze, bavSvis uflebaTa kodeqsma savaldebulod gan-
sazRvra sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis arse-
boba bavSvis mSoblisagan gancalkevebis Taobaze. socialur
muSaks erTaderT SemTxvevaSi darCa SesaZlebloba, damou-
kideblad miiRos gadawyvetileba bavSvis gancalkevebis Se-
saxeb sasamarTlos winaswari nebarTvis gareSe, rodesac ar-
sebobs gadaudebeli SemTxveva, Tumca SemdgomSi aRniSnuli
mainc eqvemdebareba sasamarTlo kontrols.
bavSvis uflebaTa kodeqsisa da aRniSnuli Canaweris
amoqmedebis Semdeg, romelmac socialuri muSakis mier mi-
Rebuli gadawyvetilebebi dauqvemdebara sasamarTlo kon-
trols, Sesabamisi cvlilebebi ar ganxorcielebula sxva
aqtebSi, maT Soris, „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi
Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da dax-
marebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi, administraciul sap-
roceso kodeqssa da „bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (refe-
rirebis) procedurebis damtkicebis Taobaze“ saqarTvelos
mTavrobis №437 dadgenilebaSi. mag., administraciuli sap-
roceso kodeqsis 2112 muxlis me-7-me-17 punqtebi iTvaliswi-
nebs arasrulwlovnis mSoblisgan, sxva kanonieri warmomad-
genlisgan an arasrulwlovanze moZalade sxva pirisgan gan-
calkevebis Sesaxeb socialuri muSakis mier miRebuli ga-
dawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SesaZleblobas da adgens ami-
saTvis saWiro saTanado procedurebs, rodesac bavSvis uf-
lebaTa kodeqsis 26-e muxlis Tanaxmad, bavSvis mSoblisagan
gancalkevebis Taobaze saboloo aqtis/gadawyvetilebis
mimRebi organo ara socialuri muSaki, aramed sasamarTloa.
logikuria, rom gasaCivrebas unda daeqvemdebaros ara so-
cialuri muSakis, aramed sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba.
es moiTxovs Sesabamisi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas ze-
moxsenebul aqtebSi, raTa isini ar ewinaaRmdegebodes da sa-
Tanadod aregulirebdes bavSvis uflebaTa kodeqsis 26-e
muxlidan gamomdinare arsebul valdebulebebsa da proce-
durebs.
166
saintereso sakiTxia, ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaxdes sa-
Wiro socialuri muSakis mier bavSvis mSoblisagan gancal-
kevebis Taobaze sasamarTlos winaswari Tanxmobis mopove-
ba? amgvar proceduras, rodesac mizanSewonili iqneba sasa-
marTloSi Suamdgomlobis wardgena, ver daeqvemdebareba
e.w. gadaudebeli SemTxvevebi, vinaidan aseT dros socialur
muSaks ekisreba dauyovneblivi reagirebis valdebuleba da
aqvs sasamarTlosgan winaswari nebarTvis mopovebis gareSe
gadawyvetilebis miRebis SesaZlebloba
aseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac relevanturi iqneba sasamar-
TlosTvis SuamdgomlobiT mimarTva bavSvis gancalkevebis
Taobaze, SesaZloa, adgili hqondes imgvari ukiduresi vi-
Tarebis arsebobisas, rodesac ojaxis mxardaWeris RonisZi-
ebebis ganxorcieleba sasurvel Sedeges ar iZleva an arse-
bobs sakmarisi safuZveli daskvnisaTvis, rom am RonisZiebis
ganxorcieleba sasurvel Sedegs ver gamoiRebs da, amave
dros, bavSvis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an usafrTxoebas
myisieri da uSualo safrTxe ar emuqreba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom socialur muSaks yvela SemTxvevaSi ex-
mareba policiis TanamSromeli bavSvis gancalkevebis Tao-
167
baze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebaSi. Sesabamisad,
socialuri muSaki gancalkevebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis
miRebisTanave mimarTavs policias, romelic uzrunvel-
yofs gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas. rodesac
socialuri muSaki gadaudebeli aucileblobis viTarebaSi
iRebs gadawyvetilebas, aRniSnuli saWiroebs dauyovnebliv
aRsrulebas. es gadawyvetileba Semdgom, kanoniT dadgenil
vadaSi, Semowmdeba sasamarTlos mier. Tu socialuri muSaki
sasamarTlos mimarTavs SuamdgomlobiT bavSvis gancalke-
vebis Taobaze nebarTvis misaRebad (e.w. winaswari nebarTvis
mopoveba), misi dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi aRsruleba mox-
deba ukve sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze.
socialuri muSakis mier arasrulwlovnis gancalkevebis
Sesaxeb miRebuli gadawyvetilebisadmi daumorCileblobi-
sas (am nawilSi mniSvnelovani iqneba imis gansazRvra, sasa-
marTlos gadawyvetilebis daumorCileblobac unda movi-
azroT, Tu mxolod socialuri muSakis mier gadaudebel vi-
TarebaSi miRebuli gadawyvetileba), maT Soris, im SemTxve-
vaSi, rodesac moZalades ar gaaCnia pirad sakuTrebaSi arse-
buli an/da samsaxurebriv-saStato statusis mqone iaraRi,
policiis TanamSromeli gamoscems iaraRTan dakavSirebuli
uflebebis SezRudvis orders. iaraRTan dakavSirebuli
uflebebis SezRudvis orderi gamoicema 1 Tvis vadiT. misi
forma damtkicebulia saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa minis-
tris 2016 wlis 11 agvistos №442 brZanebiT. aRniSnuli in-
stitutis damkvidreba ukavSirdeba 2016 wlis 22 ivnisis
cvlilebebs, romelTa mizanic iyo bavSvTa mimarT ganxor-
cielebuli Zaladobis nebismieri formis arsebobisas moZa-
ladisgan arasrulwlovnis gancalkevebis SemTxvevaSi soci-
aluri muSakis rolis gaZliereba da misi CarTulobis gaz-
rda. kanonproeqtSi mkafiod ar aris dasabuTebuli mizani,
romelsac emsaxureboda iaraRTan dakavSirebuli uflebe-
bis SezRudvis orderis institutisa da misi safuZvlebis
168
Semotana, 109 Tumca, savaraudod, es nakarnaxevia imiT, rom
iaraRi aris maRali sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis Semcveli
sagani, moZalades ki, romelic ar emorCileba bavSvis misgan
gancalkevebis gadawyvetilebas, ar hqondes iaraRTan Tavi-
sufali wvdomis SesaZlebloba.
socialuri muSakis gadawyvetilebisadmi daumorCileb-
lobisas pirs SeiZleba daekisros pasuxismgebloba adminis-
traciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1752 muxliT, rome-
lic iwvevs administraciul patimrobas 7 dRemde vadiT an
gamasworebel samuSaoebs erT Tvemde vadiT. aRniSnuli pa-
suxismgeblobis safuZveli kanonmdeblobaSi gaCnda 2016
wlis 22 ivniss, romlis miznadac ganisazRvra socialuri
muSakis mier bavSvis gancalkevebasTan dakavSirebiT miRe-
buli gadawyvetilebis efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofa. 110 Sina-
gan saqmeTa saministros organoebs aseve aqvT uflebamosi-
leba arasrulwlovnis gancalkevebis Sesaxeb socialuri
muSakis gadawyvetilebisadmi daumorCileblobisas dam-
rRvevis mimarT gamoiyenon administraciuli dakaveba.
arasrulwlovnis gancalkevebis Sesaxeb socialuri muSakis
gadawyvetilebisadmi daumorCilebloba im piris mier, ro-
melsac aseTi qmedebis CadenisaTvis ukve Sefardebuli aqvs
administraciuli saxdeli, anu qmedebis ganmeorebiT Cade-
na, iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas 3811 muxlis
me-2 nawilis Sesabamisad.
aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvis uflebaTa kodeqsis amoqmede-
bis Semdeg aRniSnuli regulaciebi unda gavrceldes mxo-
lod iseT SemTxvevebze, rodesac socialuri muSaki gadau-
debeli aucileblobis viTarebaSi iRebs gadawyvetilebas
bavSvis gancalkevebis Taobaze. Tu piri ar daemorCileba sa-
109 ganmartebiTi baraTi „ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxver-

plTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebe-
bis Setanis Taobaze“ saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze, ix.
https://bit.ly/3bVHnKd [20.01.2021].
RvevaTa kodeqsSi cvlilebis Setanis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis
proeqtze, ix. https://bit.ly/39MgOV6 [20.01.2021].
169
samarTlos gadawyvetilebas, anu sasamarTlo gadawyveti-
lebis miRebis Semdeg mimarTavs daumorCileblobis Ronis-
Ziebebs, aRniSnuli ganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc danaSau-
li sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 381-e muxliT – ganaCenis an
sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Seusrulebloba an/da mi-
si SesrulebisaTvis xelis SeSla.
mas Semdeg, rac miiReba gadawyvetileba arasrulwlovnis
moZaladisgan gancalkevebis Sesaxeb, moZiebuli unda iqnes
Sesabamisi adgili, sadac ganTavsdeba bavSvi.
bavSvis usafrTxo garemoSi gadayvanisas SesaZlebelia
miRebul iqnes romelime qvemoT CamoTvlil gadawyvetile-
baTagan:
a) bavSvi ganTavsdes aramoZalade ojaxis wevrTan, rome-
lic sxva misamarTze cxovrobs;
b) bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare, bavSvi ganTavsdes
mesame pirTan (naTesavi, mezobeli da sxv.);
g) bavSvi ganTavsdes mindobiT aRzrdaSi an/da bavSvTa
specializebul erT-erT dawesebulebaSi;
d) bavSvi ganTavsdes TavSesafarSi mxolod im SemTxveva-
Si, Tu saqme exeba ojaxSi Zaladobas an/da arasrulwlovniT
vaWrobas (trefikings) da bavSvi cnobilia ojaxSi Zalado-
bis an adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplad an/da
dazaralebulad da ver xerxdeba zemoaRniSnuli „a-g“ pun-
qtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli momsaxurebebiT uzrunvelyofa;
e) Tu Zaladoba moxda ojaxis gareT ojaxis arawevris mi-
er, bavSvi unda dabrundes saxlSi policiis TanxlebiT;
v) gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi bavSvi, janmrTelobis mdgoma-
reobis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganTavsdes samedicino dawesebu-
lebaSi.
bavSvTa specializebul dawesebulebebsa da TavSesaf-
rebSi unda arsebobdes Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebis
cxovrebis, movlisa da reabilitaciisTvis yvela saWiro pi-
roba.
adgilis moZiebisas, pirvel rigSi, upiratesoba unda mie-
niWos im garemos, romelic bavSvisTvis aris nacnobi da
mSobliuri (mag., es SeiZleba iyos bavSvis aramoZalade mSo-
170
beli, Tu igi sxva misamarTze cxovrobs, axlo naTesavi da
a.S.).
Sesabamisi adgilis/sivrcis moZiebisas aucileblad un-
da iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvis azri misi asakisa da gan-
viTarebis donis mixedviT. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, gadawyve-
tileba miRebuli unda iqnes bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
171
Tavi IV. seqsualuri Seviwroeba da misgan dacvis
samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi
seqsualuri Seviwroeba diskriminaciis erT-erTi for-

maa.
Seviwroeba aris nebismieri niSniT piris devna, iZuleba
an/da piris mimarT arasasurveli qceva, romelic miznad
isaxavs an iwvevs piris Rirsebis Selaxvas da misTvis damaSi-
nebeli, mtruli, damamcirebeli, Rirsebis Semlaxveli an Se-
uracxmyofeli garemos Seqmnas, xolo seqsualuri Seviwro-
eba aris seqsualuri xasiaTis nebismieri arasasurveli sit-
yvieri, arasityvieri an fizikuri qceva, romelic miznad
isaxavs an iwvevs piris Rirsebis Selaxvas da misTvis damaSi-
nebel, mtrul, damamcirebel, Rirsebis Semlaxvel an Seu-
racxmyofel garemos qmnis. 111
qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaR-
mdeg brZolisa da prevenciis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos konven-
ciis (stambulis konvencia) me-40 muxlis Tanaxmad, mxareebma
unda miiRon yvela saWiro sakanonmdeblo an sxva zoma imis
uzrunvelsayofad, rom seqsualuri xasiaTis nebismieri
formis arasasurveli sityvieri, arasityvieri an fizikuri
qceva, romelic miznad isaxavs an iwvevs adamianis Rirsebis
Selaxvas misTvis damaSinebeli, mtruli, damamcirebeli, Se-
uracxmyofeli an agresiuli garemos Seqmnis gziT, daeqvem-
debaros sisxlis samarTlis an sxva saxis samarTlebriv san-
qciebs.
amitom, 2017 wels, misi xelmowerisa da ratificrebis
Semdeg, saqarTvelos gauCnda valdebuleba, rom Sida kanon-
mdebloba SesabamisobaSi moeyvana konvenciis moTxovnebTan.
gaeros konvencia „qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela
formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“ mouwodebs monawile saxelmwi-
foebs, miiRon yvela Sesabamisi zoma dasaqmebis dargSi qal-
111 saqarTvelos kanoni „diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesa-

xeb“, muxli 2, nawili 31, 32.
172
Ta diskriminaciis aRmosafxvrelad, raTa uzrunvelyon ma-
makacTa da qalTa Tanasworobis safuZvelze Tanabari uf-
lebebi, 112 xolo „genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb“ evrokav-
Siris ganaxlebuli direqtiva aRniSnavs, rom Seviwroeba da
seqsualuri Seviwroeba ewinaaRmdegeba qalisa da mamakacis
Tanabari mopyrobis princips da warmoadgens sqesis niSniT
diskriminacias, romelic gvxvdeba ara marto samuSao ad-
gilze, aramed dasaqmebis xelmisawvdomobis konteqstSi,
profesiuli swavlebisa da dawinaurebis pirobebSi. Sesaba-
misad, igi unda aikrZalos da daeqvemdebaros efeqtur da
proporciul sanqciebs. 113
seqsualuri Seviwroeba SeiZleba xdebodes rogorc sa-
jaro sivrceSi, ise samuSao adgilas/servisis miwodebis
dros. orive maTgans gansxvavebuli winapiroba, Cadenis mo-
tivi da materialuri Tu aramaterialuri Sedegebi gaaC-
nia. 114 gansxvavebulia reagirebis meqanizmebic.
seqsualuri Seviwroeba SeiZleba gamovlindes Semdegi
formiT: fizikuri, sityvieri da arasityvieri (araverbalu-
ri).
 fizikuri qceva niSnavs arasasurvel Sexebas (fizikur
kontaqts) adamianis sxeulis sxvadasxva adgilas (mag.,
mkerdze, fexebze da a.S.). fizikuri forma SeiZleba moi-
cavdes kocnas, Cqmetas, Caxutebas da a.S.;
 sityvieri anu verbaluri qceva gamoixateba seqsualu-
ri Sinaarsis frazebiT mimarTvaSi. sityvieria Seufere-
beli da seqsualuri xasiaTis Seuracxmyofeli SeniSvne-
bi, xumroba da komentarebi, SekiTxvebi adamianis pirad
cxovrebasTan an cxovrebis stilTan dakavSirebiT da
a.S.;
112 gaeros konvencia „qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris

Sesaxeb“, 1979, muxli 11.
113 Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, on the
implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men
and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast), 5 July, 2006, §6, ix.
https://bit.ly/3sZGDK1 [27.01.2021].
114 seqsualuri Seviwroeba sajaro sivrceSi: sakanonmdeblo praqtikis
analizi, kavSiri „safari“, 2017, 13.
173
 arasityvieri anu araverbaluri qceva niSnavs seqsua-
luri xasiaTis Jestikulaciis gamoyenebiT an konklu-
denturi moqmedebiT ganxorcielebul qmedebas (mag.,
seqsualuri xasiaTis fotoebis/videoebis Cveneba an gag-
zavna, seqsualuri xasiaTis werilis/Setyobinebis gag-
zavna, genitaliebis Cveneba, seqsualuri aqtis imitacia
JestebiT da a.S.). 115
ra Tqma unda, aRniSnuli CamonaTvali ar aris amomwuravi
da yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi individualurad unda Se-
fasdes, Tu ramdenad aris qmedeba arasasurveli Sinaarsis
matarebeli.
seqsualuri Seviwroebis msxverpli SeiZleba gaxdes ne-
bismieri adamiani sqesisa Tu sxva mdgomareobis/niSnis miu-
xedavad.
miuxedavad imisa, rom seqsualuri Seviwroebis obieqts
ufro xSirad qali warmoadgens, imatebs iseTi SemTxvevebis
ricxvi, romelTa drosac kacic eqvemdebareba msgavsi xasia-
Tis arasasurvel qcevas. 116
2017 wels saqarTveloSi Catarebuli qalTa mimarT Zala-
dobis erovnuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, xuTidan erT qals (20%),
sul mcire, erTi saxis seqsualuri Seviwroeba mainc gamo-
ucdia. qalebis 10%-ma ganacxada, rom seqsualuri Seviwroe-
ba gamocdili aqvs samuSao adgilas. amave kvlevis Tanaxmad,
seqsualuri Seviwroebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli saxeebia:
uadgilo yureba an Semoxedva (15%), momabezrebeli komen-
tarebi pirad cxovrebaze (7%), seqsualuri xasiaTis komen-
tarebi an xumrobebi da arasasurveli Sexeba, Caxuteba an
kocna (6%). 117 rac Seexeba Semaviwroebels, zemoxsenebuli
115 qceva, romelic Sefasebulia seqsualur Seviwroebad SegiZliaT ix.

Sexual Harassment at Work, Fact Sheet, International Labour Office, 1, ix.
https://bit.ly/393HdiC; aseve, ix. What is Sexual Harassment?, UN, 1;
https://bit.ly/36SAXax.
116 genderuli diskriminacia SromiT urTierTobebSi, „uflebebi saqar-
Tvelo“ (yofili konstituciis 42-e muxli), 2014, 78.
Ta organizacia (UN Women) da saqstati, 2017, 56.
174
kvleviT dadginda, rom seqsualur Seviwroebas yvelaze xSi-
rad ucnobi kacebi (14%) da kaci megobrebi/nacnobebi (4%)
Cadian. seqsualuri Seviwroebis subieqtad dasaxelebuli
iyvnen qali megobrebi da nacnobebic (2%). 118
sainteresoa, rom qalTa sainformacio centris mier
2014 wels TbilisSi, sajaro transportsa da sxva msgavs ad-
gilebSi, seqsualuri Seviwroebis gamocdilebis Sesaxeb Ca-
tarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom 200 respondentidan 45%-s
gamoucdia seqsualuri Seviwroeba Tbilisis metroSi, xolo
Seviwroebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formebi iyo miStereba
(73%), seqsualuri xasiaTis komentarebi (31%), arasasurve-
li Sexeba (38%) da a.S. 119
aRsaniSnavia, rom 2019 wlis Tebervalsa da maisSi gan-
xorcielda mniSvnelovani sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, rom-
lebmac, seqsualuri Seviwroebis qcevis ganWvretadobisa
da samarTlebrivi dacvis meqanizmebis gansazRvris Tval-
sazrisiT, savaraudo msxverplisaTvis metad daculi siv-
rce Seqmna. 120
1. seqsualuri Seviwroeba sajaro sivrceSi
2019 wlis maisSi administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa

kodeqsSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sedegad sajaro
sivrceSi seqsualuri Seviwroeba ganisazRvra administra-
ciul samarTaldarRvevad da misi CadenisaTvis Sesabamisi
administraciuli saxdelebi dawesda.
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1661 mux-
lis Tanaxmad, seqsualuri Seviwroeba aris sazogadoebriv
adgilebSi piris mimarT arasasurveli seqsualuri xasiaTis

Ta organizacia (UN Women) da saqstati, 2017, 57.
119 Georgia: Rapid Assessment of Sexual Harassment in Public Transport and Connected
Spaces in Tbilisi, Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report, Women’s Information
Center, Asian Development Bank, 2014, 5.
120 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis specialuri angariSi diskriminaciis
winaaRmdeg brZolis, misi Tavidan acilebisa da Tanasworobis mdgoma-
reobis Sesaxeb, 2019, 7, ix. https://bit.ly/3sPjs58 [30.10.2020].
175
qceva, romelic miznad isaxavs an/da iwvevs misi Rirsebis Se-
laxvas da qmnis misTvis damaSinebel, mtrul, damamcirebel,
Rirsebis Semlaxvel an Seuracxmyofel garemos. piris pasu-
xismgeblobas amZimebs, Tu samarTaldarRveva Cadenili iq-
neba ganmeorebiT – administraciuli saxdelis dadebidan 1
wlis ganmavlobaSi, winaswari SecnobiT ararulwlovnis,
orsulis, umweo mdgomareobaSi myofis, SezRuduli SesaZ-
leblobis mqone piris mimarT an arasrulwlovnis Tandas-
wrebiT. pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli garemoebaa samar-
TaldarRvevis Cadena ori an meti piris mimarT. damamZimebe-
li garemoebebis arsebobisas izrdeba jarimis odenoba da
saxdelis zoma da yvelaze mZime garemoebis arsebobisas, ja-
rimasTan erTad, alternativis saxiT, gaTvaliswinebulia
gamasworebeli samuSaoebi 1 Tvemde vadiT an administraci-
uli patimroba 10 dRemde vadiT.
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis miznebi-
saTvis, seqsualuri Seviwroebis dasadgenad, mniSvnelova-
nia Semdegi garemoebebis erToblivad arseboba:
1. adgili unda hqondes seqsualuri xasiaTis qcevas;
2. seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva Cadenili unda iqnes saja-
ro sivrceSi (sazogadoebriv adgilebSi);
3. seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva arasasurveli unda iyos
im pirisTvis viskenac aris mimarTuli;
4. seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva miznad unda isaxavdes
an/da iwvevdes im piris Rirsebis Selaxvas, viskenac
aris mimarTuli;
5. seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva unda qmnides damaSinebel,
mtrul, damamcirebel, Rirsebis Semlaxvel an Seu-
racxmyofel garemos im pirisaTvis, romelsac mie-
marTeba.
- administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis mizne-

bisaTvis seqsualuri xasiaTis qcevad miiCneva seqsualu-
ri xasiaTis frazebis Tqma an/da mimarTva, genitaliebis
Cveneba an/da seqsualuri xasiaTis sxva nebismieri ara-
sityvieri fizikuri qceva.
176
- sajarod sivrced, anu sazogadoebriv adgilad, unda Ca-
iTvalos iseTi sivrce (teritoria an adgili), sadac ne-
bismier pirs aqvs yofnis ufleba an am uflebis mopove-
bis SesaZlebloba, anu sivrce Ria da xelmisawvdomia yve-
la adamianisTvis. es aris sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris ad-
gilebi, rogorebicaa: plaJebi, skverebi da parkebi, dama-
kavSirebeli sivrceebi – trotuarebi da quCebi. konkre-
tuli teritoria SesaZloa arsebobdes kerZo sakuTre-
baSi, Tumca is mainc iyos sajarod xelmisawvdomi. saja-
ro sivrce SeiZleba iyos rogorc Ria, ise daxuruli.
mag.:
- Ria sajaro sivrcea quCa, ezo, skveri, parki, dawesebu-
lebis gare teritoria da a.S.
- daxuruli sajaro sivrcea kafe, restorani, sazogado-
ebrivi transporti, kinoTeatri, sakoncerto darbazi,
gasarTobi obieqtebi, maRazia da a.S.
sainteresoa, unda CaiTvalos Tu ara e.w. virtualuri
sivrce (socialuri qseli, eleqtronuli sakomunikacio
wyaroebi da a.S.) sazogadoebriv adgilad?
erT-erT saqmeze sasamarTlom socialur qsel „feisbuq-
Si“ piradi mimowerisas gagzavnili seqsualuri Sinaarsis
Setyobinebebi da fotoebi, romlebmac gamoiwvia qalis Rir-
sebis Selaxva da Seuracxyofa, miiCnia administraciul sa-
marTaldarRvevad, anu socialuri qselis piradi komunika-
cia CaTvala sazogadoebriv adgilad. 121 marTalia, sasamar-
Tlo gadawyvetileba ar Seicavs saTanado dasabuTebas imis
Taobaze, Tu ratom miiCneva socialur qselSi mimoweris
formati sazogadoebriv adgilad, Tumca naTelia, rom ada-
mianebs Soris amgvari piradi mimowera/kerZo Setyobinebe-
bis gagzavna ar unda miviCnioT sajaro sivrced, Sesabami-
sad, Semaviwroebels pasuxismgebloba ar unda daekisros
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1661 mux-
liT.
121 baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 21 agvistos №4/1670-19 dad-

genileba.
177
Tumca dasafiqrebelia, socialur qselSi sajarod gan-
Tavsebuli da yvelasTvis an bevri adamianisTvis xelmisaw-
vdomi „posti“ ramdenad SeiZleba miviCnioT sajaro sivrce-
Si seqsualur Seviwroebad, Tu mas aqvs seqsualuri Sinaar-
si?
21-e saukuneSi internetis saSualebiT xelmisawvdomi
virtuali sivrceebic ganixileba, rogorc axali tipis sa-
jaro sivrce, romelic aviTarebs interaqciasa da socia-
lur urTierTobebs. 122 erT-erT saqmeze uzenaesi sasamar-
Tlo yuradRebas amaxvilebs socialuri qselis arssa da da-
niSnulebaze da aRniSnavs, rom socialuri qseli aris plat-
forma, gamiznuli onlain socialuri kavSiris Sesaqmnelad
im adamianebisgan, romlebsac aqvT saerTo interesebi, saq-
mianobis sfero, hobi an realuri, cxovrebiseuli kavSiri
(ojaxuri, naTesauri, samsaxurebrivi da a.S.). TiToeuli so-
cialuri qseli Sedgeba momxmareblis warmomadgenlobisa-
gan (e.w. „profaili“), misi kavSirebisa da damatebiTi servi-
sebisagan. erT-erTi yvelaze msxvili da popularuli soci-
aluri qseli aris „feisbuqi“, romelic msoflio masStabiT
milionobiT momxmarebels aerTianebs, misi saSualebiT kon-
kretuli momxmareblis mier gavrcelebuli informacia
xelmisawvdomi xdeba masTan damegobrebuli pirebisaTvis an
yvela momxareblisaTvis, avtoris arCevanis Sesabamisad. in-
formaciasTan daSvebul nebismier momxmarebels SeuZlia am
informaciis gaziareba Tavisi kontaqtebisaTvis Tu pirTa
ganusazRvreli wrisaTvis, misi citireba pirad saubarSi,
presasa Tu internetgamocemebSi. sasamarTlos mosazrebiT,
socialuri qselis am Tvisebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, konkre-
tuli momxareblis mier e.w. statusisa Tu komentaris ga-
moqveyneba informaciis sajarod gavrcelebad unda Sefas-
des. 123
am mxriv, sainteresoa erTi saqme, romelic exeba socia-
lur qselSi SesaZlo wvrilmani xulignobis Cadenis faqts.
122 Inclusion Through Access to Public Space, ix. https://bit.ly/3iPxxLh [30.10.2020].

123 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2014 wlis 9 ianvris №as-1559-1462-
2012 gadawyvetileba.
178
marTalia, mocemuli SemTxveva warmoadgens sxva tipis admi-
nistraciul samarTaldarRvevas, Tumca misi ganxilva sain-
teresoa sazogadoebrivi adgilis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT,
rac administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1661
muxlis arsebobisTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponen-
tia. mocemuli miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aqcenti gakeTde-
ba ara qmedebis Sinaarsis Sefasebaze, Tu ramdenad warmoad-
gens aRniSnuli qmedeba wvrilman xulignobas, aramed misi
ganxorcielebis adgilze. saqmis garemoebebis mixedviT, so-
cialur qsel „feisbuqis“ jgufSi, romelSic gawevrianebu-
li iyo sami aTasi adamiani, erTma pirma meores sityvieri
Seuracxyofa miayena. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier
aRniSnuli SemTxveva Sefasda, rogorc wvrilmani xuligno-
ba, rac gulisxmobs sazogadoebriv adgilebSi lanZRva-gine-
bas, moqalaqeebze Seuracxmyofel gadakidebas da sxva am-
gvar moqmedebas, romelic arRvevs sazogadoebriv wesrigsa
da moqalaqeTa simSvides, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom
miuTiTa, rom sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgils warmoad-
gens adgili, sadac sazogadoebis garkveuli wevrebi arian
Sekrebili da sadac nebismieri piri valdebulia, daicvas
sazogadod miRebuli eTikisa da zneobis normebi. sasamar-
Tlom dasabuTebisas aRniSna, rom kanoni evoluciurad un-
da ganmartebuliyo da sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilad
miCneuliyo socialuri qseli, romelic did rols asru-
lebs Tanamedrove sazogadoebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
da ganusazRvreli wrisaTvis komunikaciisa da informaciis
gavrcelebis saSualebas warmodgens. Sesabamisad, sasamar-
Tlom CaTvala, rom socialuri qseli, maT Soris, „feisbuqi“
da misi daxuruli jgufi, romelSic, mocemul SemTxvevaSi,
samiaTasamde momxmarebeli iyo gawevrianebuli, warmoad-
genda sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgils. 124 mocemuli ga-
dawyvetilebis saapelacio sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebisas,
administraciul saqmeTa palatis azriT, socialuri qseli
warmoadgens socialuri mediis yvelaze gamoyenebad da aq-
124 Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 25 seqtemberis №4/8628-19

dadgenileba.
179
tualur saxes, vinaidan adamianebs Soris socialuri komu-
nikacia umetesad swored misi saSualebiT myardeba. sasa-
marTlos SefasebiT, igi aris internet (onlain) platfor-
ma, romelic momxmareblebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs, erTma-
neTTan daamyaron kavSiri, ris gamoc daxuruli jgufi, ro-
melSic gawevrianebulia sami aTasze meti studenti, am pir-
Ta wris sazogadoebriv sivrces warmoadgens, sadac SesaZ-
loa darRveuli iqnes sazogadoebrivi wesrigi. mocemul
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom ufro meti yuradReba gaamaxvila
sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis standartze da swo-
rad aRniSna, rom gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis sazRvrebi fas-
deba mis mier Seqmnili safrTxis da im zianis dadgeniT, ro-
melic am gamoxatvam SeiZleba gamoiwvios. Sesabamisad, im ga-
remoebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, rom pasuxisgebaSi micemu-
li piris mizans ar warmoadgenda sxva pirisTvis pirispir
Seuracxyofis miyeneba da igi masTan dakavSirebiT gamoT-
qvamda Sexedulebas, Tundac ucenzuro formiT, palatis
azriT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba piris mier gakeTe-
buli gamonaTqvamis mizani yofiliyo ukanono qmedebis myi-
sieri gamowveva. sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom im pirobebSi,
rodesac uxamsobasTan mimarTebiT sakanonmdeblo Tval-
sazrisiT saerTod ar aris dadgenili Sinaarsobrivi regu-
lireba, ar SeiZleba pasuxisgebaSi micemuli subieqtis ga-
moxatvis Tavisufleba daeqvemdebaros SezRudvas, rodesac
Tavad pasuxismgeblobis damdgeni norma ar iTvaliswinebs
socialuri qselis meSveobiT kritikuli gancxadebis an
uxamsi gamonaTqvamis gamoqveynebisTvis pasuxismgeblobas.
palatam ganmarta, rom amgvar SemTxvevebSi, sxvaTa reputa-
ciis an uflebebis dasacavad, SesaZloa daculi uflebis
aRdgena ganxorcieldes sxva wesiT da misi uzrunvelyofis
mizniT, moTxovnili iqnes garkveuli qmedebebis davalde-
buleba mopasuxisTvis (Seuracxmyofeli informaciis uar-
yofa, zianis anazRaureba, bodiSis moxda da sxv.), kanonmdeb-
lobis Sesabamisad dadgenili saerTo wesebis dacviT. amde-
nad, sasamarTlos mosazrebiT, im pirobebSi, rodesac ar ar-
sebobs naTeli da ganWvretadi, viwrod mizanmimarTuli ka-
180
noni, romelic socialuri qselis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi
awesebs sityvisa da gamoxatvis Sinaarsobriv regulirebas
uxamsobasTan mimarTebiT, ar SeiZleba, aRniSnuli wesiT
dadges piris pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. 125
aRsaniSnavia, rom sajaro sivrceSi, anu sazogadoebriv
adgilebSi, seqsualuri Seviwroebis Cadenisas SesaZloa
dRis wesrigSi dadges uflebis dacvis meqanizmebs Soris
kompetenciis gadafarvis sakiTxi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rom „diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“ sa-
qarTvelos kanoniT saxalxo damcvelis mandati vrceldeba
nebismier sferoSi momxdar savaraudo seqsualuri Seviwro-
ebis faqtebze, SesaZlebelia, praqtikaSi, sazogadoebriv
adgilas seqsualuri Seviwroebis savaraudo faqtebze rea-
girebis TvalsazrisiT, garTuldes saxalxo damcvelisa da
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros kompetenciebis gamijvna, gansa-
kuTrebiT, sazogadoebrivi adgilis ganmartebisas. 126 Tum-
ca, Tu saxalxo damcvelisTvis mimarTvisas irkveva, rom sa-
varaudo seqsualuri Seviwroebis faqti Cadenilia sazoga-
doebrivi TavSeyris adgilas, SemTxveva unda gadamisamar-
Tdes Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi, vinaidan sajaro sivrce-
Si momxdar seqsualur Seviwroebaze reagirebis mandati
aqvs policias.
- seqsualuri xasiaTis qcevis arasasurveloba gulis-
xmobs imas, rom igi miuRebeli unda iyos adresatisTvis.
qmedebis arasasurveloba SeiZleba dadgindes ara marto
msxverplis mier gakeTebuli komentariT, romelic Sema-
viwroebels miemarTeba, aramed misi qceviT, Jestikula-
ciiTa da sxva garemoebebiT. zogjer Semaviwroeblis
qceva imTaviTve arasasurveli da miuRebelia (mag., geni-
taliebis Cveneba, adamianis sxeulis sxvadasxva adgilas
Sexeba da a.S.).
125 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 9 dekembris №4/a-889-19

dadgenileba.
126 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis specialuri angariSi diskriminaciis
winaaRmdeg brZolis, misi Tavidan acilebisa da Tanasworobis mdgoma-
reobis Sesaxeb, 2019, 9, ix. https://bit.ly/3sPjs58 [30.10.2020].
181
- seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva miznad unda isaxavdes an un-
da iwvevdes piris Rirsebis Selaxvas. SesaZloa, Semaviw-
roeblis mizani ar iyos piris Rirsebis Selaxva, Tumca
mis qcevas mohyves adresatisaTvis Rirsebis Selaxva. Se-
maviwroeblis qmedeba miznad isaxavda Tu ara piris Rir-
sebis Selaxvas an misi qceva iyo Tu ara Rirsebis Semlax-
veli, unda dadgindes konkretuli garemoebebis, maT So-
ris, Semaviwroeblis qcevis, samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis
adgilis, msxverplis mowyvladobisa (misi emociuri
mdgomareobis) da damdgari Sedegebis safuZvelze.
- seqsualuri Seviwroebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani kom-
ponentia, rom seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva unda qmnides
damaSineben, mtrul, damamcirebel, Rirsebis Semlaxvel
an Seuracxmyofel garemos, viskenac aris igi mimarTuli.
aRniSnuli garemoebebidan erT-erTis arsebobac sakma-
risia imisaTvis, rom aman msxverplze moaxdinos mZime
emociuri gavlena. msxverplisaTvis damaSinebeli SeiZ-
leba iyos iseTi garemo, romelSic mas gauCndeba SiSisa
da daucvelobis gancda, SiSi imis Taobaze, rom SesaZloa
Semaviwroebelma mas raime dauSaos. mtruli da arame-
gobruli SeiZleba iyos iseTi garemo, romelSic msxver-
plis mimarT uaryofiTad arian ganwyobili da maRalia
mis mimarT Zaladobis an Seuracxyofis ganxorcielebis
riski. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba msxverpls xeli See-
Salos sakuTari movaleobebisa da survilebis ganxor-
cielebaSi. rac Seexeba damamcirebel, Rirsebis Semlax-
vel an Seuracxmyofel garemos, aseT dros msxverpli
Tavs grZnobs damcirebulad, Seuracxyofilad da Rir-
sebaSelaxulad imis gamo, rom mis mimarT seqsualuri xa-
siaTis qceva ganxorcielda.
182
qvemoT mocemulia sajaro sivrceSi seqsualuri Seviw-
roebis Cadenis magaliTebi
2019 wlis ianvars, daaxloebiT 20:00-21:00 saaTis Sua-

ledSi samarSuto mikroavtobusSi, moqalaqeebis Tandas-
wrebiT, mamakaci erT-erTi mgzavr qals Seexo sxeulze, ker-
Zod, fexebze, rac misTvis iyo damamcirebeli da Rirsebis
Semlaxveli.

ucnobi mamakaci metros vagonSi metismetad miauaxlovda
karTan mdgom erT-erT mgzavr qals. qals daeufla usiamov-
no SegrZneba, Seuracxmyofeli da Rirsebis Semlaxveli gan-
cda da scada, ukan daweuliyo. Tumca Semdeg kvlav igrZno
sxeulze sasqeso organos mWidrod Sexeba da mamakacs mos-
Txova, ukan daexia.

quCaSi seirnobisas axalgazrda qals ucnobma mamakacma Ses-
Tavaza sqesobrivi kavSiris damyareba da aCvena sasqeso or-
gano, ramac qals Seuqmna Seuracxyofeli, damamcirebeli
garemo da maSinve gaecala teritorias.

sazogadoebriv transportSi mamakacma uTxra mgzavr qals,
rom Zalian lamazi mkerdi hqonda da masTan isurvebda sqe-
sobrivi kavSiris damyarebas, rac qalisTvis iyo damamcire-
beli da Rirsebis Semlaxveli.
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi iTvalis-

winebs pasuxismgeblobas sazogadoebriv adgilebSi adamia-
nis Rirsebisa da Seuracxmyofeli qmedebis CadenisaTvis.
kerZod, aRniSnuli kodeqsis 171-e muxlis me-2 nawili samar-
TaldarRvevad acxadebs sazogadoebriv adgilebSi adamia-
nis Rirsebisa da sazogadoebrivi zneobis Seuracxmyofeli
qmedebis ganxorcielebas, rac gamoixateba sazogadoebaSi
miRebuli qcevis wesebis aSkara upativcemulobiT da iwvevs
adamianisTvis damamcirebeli an Seuracxmyofeli garemos
Seqmnas (seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva, sruli an nawilobrivi
183
uxamsi gaSiSvleba, sazogadoebriv adgilebSi fiziologiu-
ri moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba). mocemul SemTxvevaSic
aucilebelia, rom am qmedebam adamianisaTvis/adamianebis-
Tvis Seqmnas damamcirebeli an Seuracxmyofeli garemo. Se-
sabamisad, Tu seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva mimarTuli ar iyo
konkretul pirze/pirebze da kanondamrRvevi seqsualuri
an sxva xasiaTis qceviT iCens upativcemulobas sazogadoe-
bis mimarT (anu miemarTeba pirTa ganusazRvrel wres), misi
qmedeba unda Sefasdes aRniSnuli muxliT (mag., piri tansac-
mlis gareSe, SiSveli gadaadgildeba quCaSi). administraci-
ul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1661 muxlis definicia,
romelic seqsualur Seviwroebad miiCnevs sazogadoebriv
adgilebSi piris mimarT arasasurveli seqsualuri xasiaTis
qcevas, swored „pirze“ xazgasmiT akeTebs aqcents konkre-
tul subieqtze, romelsac an romlebsac unda miemarTebo-
des seqsualuri Sinaarsis qmedeba. radgan seqsualur Seviw-
roebas hyavs konkretuli adresati, amitomac aris misi Se-
degebi gansakuTrebiT mZime msxverplisTvis.
sajaro sivrceSi seqsualuri Seviwroebis faqtebze rea-
girebas axdens saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro. Se-
sabamisad, sajaro sivrceSi seqsualuri Seviwroebis Cadeni-
sas samarTaldarRvevaTa oqmebs adgenen Sinagan saqmeTa sa-
ministros uflebamosili pirebi, 127 ris Semdegac Sesabamisi
masalebi unda gaigzavnos saqalaqo/raionuli sasamarTlos
administraciul saqmeTa kolegiaSi, romelic 7 dRis vadaSi
ganixilavs seqsualur SeviwroebasTan dakavSirebuli admi-
nistraciuli samarTaldarRvevis saqmes. 128
seqsualur SeviwroebasTan dakavSirebul administraci-
uli samarTaldarRvevis saqmes ganixilavs saqalaqo (raio-
nuli) sasamarTlo. 129
127 saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi, muxli

239, nawili 601.
262, nawili 2.
208.
184
saqmis ganxilvisas administraciul pasuxisgebaSi mice-
muli piris daswreba savaldebuloa. Tu es piri Tavs ari-
debs Sinagan saqmeTa saministros an administraciuli sasa-
marTlos (mosamarTlis) gamoZaxebiT gamocxadebas, igi SeiZ-
leba iZulebiT iqnes miyvanili Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
Sesabamisi danayofis mier. 130
administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis saqmeze mtkicebu-
lebas warmoadgens yvela faqtobrivi monacemi, romelTa sa-
fuZvelze, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli we-
siT, organo (Tanamdebobis piri) daadgens administraciuli
samarTaldarRvevis arsebobas an ararsebobas, piris brale-
ulobas mis CadenaSi da sxva garemoebebs, romlebsac mniS-
vneloba aqvs saqmis marTebulad gadawyvetisTvis. es mona-
cemebi dgindeba Semdegi saSualebebiT: administraciuli
samarTaldarRvevis oqmiT, administraciul pasuxisgebaSi
micemuli piris axsna-ganmartebiT, dazaralebulisa da mow-
mis CvenebebiT, eqspertizis daskvniT, alkoholuri, narko-
tikuli an fsiqotropuli gamokvlevis (testirebis) Sedege-
biT, videofiriT an fotofiriT, nivTieri mtkicebulebiT,
nivTisa da dokumentis amoRebis oqmisa da sxva dokumente-
biT. 131 swored aRniSnuli informaciisa da mtkicebulebebis
safuZvelze dgindeba, hqonda Tu ara adgili konkretuli
piris mimarT seqsualuri Seviwroebis faqts.
sasamarTlo erT-erTi seqsualuri Seviwroebis saqmeze
ganmartavs, rom kanoni ar avaldebulebs mxares zemoaRniS-
nuli mtkicebulebebis erTobliobaSi warmodgenas (mag.,
rig SemTxvevebSi sakmarisia mxolod administraciuli sa-
marTaldarRvevis oqmis warmodgena an samarTaldarRvevis
oqmTan erTad warmodgenili iqnes administraciul pasuxis-
gebaSi micemuli piris axsna-ganmarteba, an mowmis Cveneba, an
eqspertizis daskvna, an fotofiri). amasTan, administraci-
ul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 237-e muxlis Tanaxmad,

252, nawili 2.
236.
185
organo (Tanamdebobis piri), romelic xelmZRvanelobs ka-
noniTa da marTlSegnebiT, mtkicebulebas afasebs Tavisi
Sinagani rwmeniT, romelic emyareba saqmis yvela garemoebis
yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevas.
sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkicebis procesSi gansa-
kuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxureben TviTmxilveli mowmeebi,
romelTa Cvenebebi, axsna-ganmartebebi mometebuli infor-
maciulobiT gamoirCeva da warmoadgens saqmis mtkicebule-
bis umniSvnelovanes wyaros. Tumca, rogorc sasamarTlo
miuTiTebs, mowmeTa es jgufi SedarebiT mcirea da mas Ziri-
Tadad policiis operatiuli muSakebi Seadgenen. mosamar-
Tlis SefasebiT, TviTmxilvelTa am jgufs mizanmimarTuli
yuradReba axasiaTebT, rac profesiuli saqmianobis Sinaar-
siT, Tavisi sazogadoebrivi da moqalaqeobrivi valis gac-
nobierebiT aris ganpirobebuli. Sesabamisad, TviTmxilvel
mowmeTa am jgufis mier samarTaldarRvevis Sesaxeb infor-
maciis miReba ukavSirdeba maT mier samsaxurebrivi movale-
obis Sesrulebas.
rac Seexeba im piris axsna-ganmartebas, romlis mimarTac
mimdinareobs administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis saqme,
sasamarTlo ganmartavs Semdegs: „iurisdiqciuli saqmiano-
bis farglebSi qcevis egatiuri Sefaseba iwvevs administra-
ciul pasuxismgeblobas, ris gamoc misi, rogorc saqmis Se-
degSi uSualod dainteresebuli piris mier mowodebuli in-
formacia, SesaZloa nakarnaxevi iyos darRvevis dafarvis an
mosalodneli pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.
aseTi piris Cveneba yovelTvis unda Sejerdes saqmeze Sek-
rebil sxva mtkicebulebebTan“.
rogorc sasamarTlo uTiTebs, mxedvelobaSi misaRebia
is garemoeba, rom im pirisagan gansxvavebiT, romlis mimar-
Tac mimdinareobs administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis
saqme da romelic pasuxs ar agebs cru Cvenebis, axsna-gan-
martebis micemisaTvis Tavis aridebis gamo, samarTaldamca-
vi organos TanamSromeli Cvenebas iZleva ara uflebis, ara-
med Tavisi moraluri da iuridiuli valdebulebis gamo,
romlis darRvevam SeiZleba gamoiwvios mis mimarT saxel-
186
mwifo iZulebis proporciuli zomebis gamoyeneba (discip-
linuri, administraciuli an sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasu-
xismgebloba). Sesabamisad, mosamarTlis SefasebiT, faqte-
bisa da garemoebebis wre, romlis Sesaxebac iZleva Cvenebas
policiis TanamSromeli, ganpirobebulia saqmeze mtkicebis
sagniT, rac, Tavis mxriv, gamowveulia samarTaldarRvevis
SemadgenlobiT. sxva mowmeebis Cvenebebisgan gansxvavebiT,
samarTaldamcavi organos im TanamSromlis Cvenebas, rome-
lic Seeswro samarTaldarRvevas, yovelTvis uSualo kavSi-
ri aqvs saqmeTan, Seicavs informacias sasamarTlos mier Se-
safasebeli faqtebis Sesaxeb da pasuxobs mtkicebulebebis
dasaSvebobis moTxovnas.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo miuTiTebs,
rom sajaro mosamsaxuris axsna-ganmarteba Seicavs sandoo-
bis niSans, romelsac mniSvneloba aqvs mosamarTlis Sinaga-
ni rwmenis formirebisaTvis. 132
sajaro sivrceSi seqsualuri Seviwroebis saqmeze SeiZ-
leba gamoyenebul iqnes Semdegi informacia/mtkicebuleba:
 savaraudo msxverplis mier mowodebuli informacia;
 SemTxvevis Semswre piris mier mowodebuli informa-
cia;
 im pirTa mier mowodebuli informacia, romlebsac
SemTxvevidan maleve hqondaT msxverplTan komunika-
cia da am ukanasknelma mas mouyva faqtobrivi garemo-
ebebi;
 msxverplis an/da mesame pirebis mier gakeTebuli vi-
deo an audio Canaweri;
 saTvalTvalo video-kameris Canawerebi;
 savaraudo samarTaldamrRvevis mier mowodebuli in-
formacia.
es mtkicebulebi ar aris amomwuravi da SesaZlebelia,
policielma moipovos da sasamarTloSi waradginos nebismi-
132 baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 8 Tebervlis №4-165/20 dad-

genileba.
187
eri sxva informacia an dokumenti, romelic miuTiTebs seq-
sualuri Seviwroebis Cadenis faqtze.
2. seqsualuri Seviwroeba samuSao/dasaqmebis

adgilas
Sromis da winasaxelSekrulebo urTierTobebSi, maT So-

ris, vakansiis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gamoqveynebisas an SerCe-
vis etapze, akrZalulia nebismieri saxis diskriminacia ra-
sis, kanis feris, enis, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebis,
erovnebis, warmoSobis, qonebrivi an wodebrivi mdgomareo-
bis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, asakis, sqesis, seqsualuri ori-
entaciis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis, religiuri, sazoga-
doebrivi, politikuri an sxva gaerTianebisadmi, maT Soris,
profesiuli kavSirisadmi, kuTvnilebis, ojaxuri mdgomare-
obis, politikuri an sxva Sexedulebis gamo an sxva niSniT. 133
saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis miznebisaTvis diskrimina-
ciad ganixileba ganzrax an gaufrTxileblobiT piris gan-
sxvaveba an gamoricxva an misTvis upiratesobis miniWeba ra-
sis, kanis feris, enis, eTnikuri an socialuri kuTvnilebis,
erovnebis, warmoSobis, qonebrivi an wodebrivi mdgomareo-
bis, SromiTi xelSekrulebis statusis, sacxovrebeli adgi-
lis, asakis, sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciis, SezRuduli
SesaZleblobis, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, religiuri,
sazogadoebrivi, politikuri an sxva garTianebisadmi (maT
Soris, profesiuli kavSirisadmi) kuTvnilebis, ojaxuri
mdgomareobis, politikuri an sxva Sexedulebis gamo an sxva
niSniT, romelic miznad isaxavs an iwvevs dasaqmebasa da
profesiul saqmianobaSi Tanabari SesaZleblobis mopyro-
bis uaryofas an xelyofas. 134
saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, samuSao adgil-
ze Seviwroeba, maT Soris, seqsualuri Seviwroeba, aris dis-
133 saqarTvelos organuli kanoni, „saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsi“, muxli

2, nawili 3.
4, nawili 1.
188
kriminaciis forma, kerZod, piris mimarT zemoaRniSnuli
romelime niSniT ganpirobebuli arasasurveli qceva, rome-
lic miznad isaxavs an iwvevs misi Rirsebis Selaxvas da qmnis
misTvis damaSinebel, mtrul, damamcirebel, Rirsebis Sem-
laxvel an Seuracxmyofel garemos. 135
2021 welis pirvel ianvars Sromis kodeqsSi amoqmedebu-
li cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, gaTvaliswinebulia sanqciebi
(gafrTxileba an jarima) im damsaqmeblebisaTvis, romlebic
daarRveven diskriminaciis, maT Soris, pirdapiri da ara-
pirdapiri diskriminaciis, samuSao adgilze Seviwroebisa
da seqsualuri Seviwroebis, akrZalvis, gonivruli misada-
gebis, Tanabari samuSaosTvis Tanabari Sromis anazRaurebis
gadaxdis Sesaxeb principebsa da debulebebs. Seviwroebisas
an/da seqsualuri Seviwroebisas samarTaldamrRvevi dasaq-
mebulisTvis pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba damsaqmebels ar
aTavisuflebs Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobisgan. kerZod, dam-
saqmebels pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisros, Tu misTvis
cnobili gaxda Seviwroebis an/da seqsualuri Seviwroebis
faqti da man am faqtis Sesaxeb ar Seatyobina Sromis inspeq-
cias an/da ar miiRo Sesabamisi zomebi aRniSnuli qmedebis
aRsakveTad. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom Sromis inspeq-
ciis mier damsaqmeblisTvis administraciuli saxdelis da-
kisreba ar aTavisuflebs mas sxva pasuxismgeblobisgan, ro-
melic SeiZleba damsaqmebels sasamarTlom piris mier aR-
Zruli samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis farglebSi daakis-
ros. 136
„genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis
me-6 muxlis mixedviT, SromiTi urTierTobebisas dauSvebe-
lia piris Seviwroeba, maT Soris, seqsualuri Seviwroeba,
kerZod, sqesis niSniT piris devna, iZuleba an/da piris mi-
marT arasasurveli qceva, romelic miznad isaxavs an iwvevs
piris Rirsebis Selaxvas da misTvis qmnis damaSinebel,

4, nawili 5.
77, 78, 81.
189
mtrul, damamcirebel, Rirsebis Semlaxvel an Seuracxmyo-
fel garemos.
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier 2019 wlis 21 iv-
niss miRebuli „Zaladobisa da Seviwroebis Sesaxeb“ axali
konvenciis Tanaxmad, dasaqmebis adgilad iTvleba ara mar-
to samuSaos Sesrulebis ZiriTadi adgili, aramed samuSaos-
Tan dakavSirebuli nebismieri aqtivoba, maT Soris, mivline-
ba, Sesveneba an samuSaosTan SemxeblobaSi myofi nebismieri
komunikacia. 137 dasaqmebis adgilas seqsualuri Seviwroeba
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc samuSao sivrcis miRma,
ise samuSao saaTebis Semdgom. mag., erTi TanamSromlis mier
meoris mimarT seqsualuri Sinaarsis Setyobinebis gagzavna
socialur qselSi unda CaiTvalos samuSao adgilze seqsua-
lur Seviwroebad, vinaidan isini samsaxurebrivad arian er-
TmaneTTan dakavSirebulni.
sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom SromiTi urTierTobisas
dasaqmebuli valdebulia, piradad da keTilsindisierad Se-
asrulos samuSao, daemorCilos damsaqmeblis mier dadge-
nil Sinaganawess, xolo damsaqmebeli valdebulia, uzrun-
velyos kanoniTa da mxareTa SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
Sromis pirobebi, rac gulisxmobs damsaqmeblis movaleobas
– uzrunvelyos dasaqmebuli xelSekrulebis pirobebis Se-
sabamisi, konkretuli samuSaoTi, Seqmnas Sromis jansaRi da
usafrTxo pirobebi da gaswios zedamxedveloba am pirobe-
bis dacvaze. jansaRi da usafrTxo garemos Seqmna gulis-
xmobs dasaqmebulebis dacvas, samsaxurebrivi urTierTobis
dros, yovelgvari Seviwroebisgan, romelic momdinareobs
Tundac imave sawarmoSi/dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebuli sxva
TanamSromlebisgan, maT mier dakavebuli Tanamdebobis miu-
xedavad. 138
137 Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019 (No. 190), Article 3, ix.
https://bit.ly/2Nzlia9 [30.10.2020]. konvenciis ZalaSi Sesvlis TariRad gani-
sazRvra 2021 wlis 25 ivnisi.
138 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 12 dekembris №2b/1609-
18 ganCineba.
190
seqsualuri Seviwroeba seriozul gavlenas axdens da
zians ayenebs adamianis pirad keTildReobas. igi mZime Sede-
gebis momtania dasaqmebulebisTvis da maTSi fsiqologiuri
problemebis gaRvivebas uwyobs xels. seqsualurma Seviwro-
ebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios maTi muSaobis xarisxis daqveiTe-
ba, depresia da janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauareseba,
rac safrTxes uqmnis dasaqmebulis karierul ganviTarebasa
da zrdis mis mier samsaxuris dakargvis risks. 139
samuSao adgilze seqsualuri Seviwroeba, dasaqmebule-
bis garda, mniSvnelovan dabrkolebebs uqmnis damsaqmebel-
sac. dasaqmebulebis xSiri avadmyofoba, samsaxuris gacde-
na, stresis gamo Sesrulebuli samuSaos dabali xarisxi kom-
paniisa Tu dawesebulebis Sromisunarianobis daqveiTebis
mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes. dasaqmebulis produqtiulobis
daqveiTeba, profesionali da mniSvnelovani kadris dakar-
gva, seqsualur SeviwroebasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo
procesebi damsaqmeblis reputaciasa da biujets seriozul
zians ayenebs. 140
sasamarTlos SefasebiT, Seviwroebaa, rodesac xdeba
calkeuli piris mimarT sxvebTan SedarebiT araxelsayreli
garemos Seqmna. konkretul SemTxvevaSi Seviwroeba vlinde-
ba iseT formebSi, rogoricaa: arasasiamovno mzera, Seurac-
xmyofeli xumroba an SeniSvna, miuRebeli komentari, piris
izolireba, usamarTlo kritika, arasasurveli fizikuri
kontaqti, uxamsi SeTavazeba. aseve, sasamarTlo uTiTebs,
rom yvela miniSneba, SeTavazeba, komplimenti, SeniSvna da
a.S., negatiuri SeiZleba sulac ar iyos, magram zogierTi
komplimenti utaqtoa, adamians uxerxul mdgomareobaSi ag-
debs da masSi sircxvilis gancdas aCens. ufro metic, savse-
biT SesaZlebelia, rom xelmZRvaneli pirebi Zalauflebis
mopovebis Semdeg naklebad uweven angariSs garSemomyofTa
139 Sexual harassment in the workplace in the European Union, European Commission,
1998, 29, ix. https://bit.ly/2MDulX9 [30.10.2020].
140 genderuli diskriminacia SromiT urTierTobebSi, uflebebi saqar-
Tvelo (yofili konstituciis 42-e muxli), 2014, 79.
191
emociebs da dasaqmebis adgilebze impulsurad arRveven
eTikur normebs. 141
seqsualuri Seviwroeba Seviwroebis erT-erTi specifi-
kuri gamovlinebis formaa, xolo samuSao adgilas seqsua-
luri Seviwroebis ori ZiriTadi saxe arsebobs:
1. Quid Pro Quo anu momsaxureba momsaxurebis sanac-
vlod, romelic iTvaliswinebs seqsualuri xasiaTis
moTxovnis arsebobas qmedebaSi 142 da miznad isaxavs
zemoqmedebis moxdenas adamianis samsaxursa da karie-
rul winsvlaze;
2. mtruli samuSao garemo, rac samuSao adgilze damaSi-
nebeli da Seuracxmyofeli pirobebis Seqmnas niS-
navs. 143
seqsualuri Seviwroeba SeiZleba gamovlindes rogorc
sxvadasxva, aseve erTi da imave sqesis pirebs Soris.
Quid Pro Quo – Zaladoba, aris Tanamdebobis borotad ga-
moyeneba, romelic xdeba maSin, rodesac: a) samsaxurebrivi
waxaliseba, dasaqmeba, dawinaureba, xelfasis gazrda, nakle-
bi samuSaos micema da sxva samsaxurebrivi garemoebebi, xde-
ba sqesobrivi kavSiris sanacvlod, xolo moZalade, ZiriTa-
dad, aris samsaxuris ufrosi, meTvalyure, dasaqmebis agen-
ti, romelsac aqvs SesaZlebloba, dasaqmebulis saqcielze
iqonios gavlena an b) seqsualur kavSirze uari gavlenas ax-
dens piris samsaxurebriv mdgomareobaze (mag., daqveiTe-
ba). 144
rac Seexeba mtrul samuSao garemos, aRniSnuli xdeba ma-
Sin, rodesac msxverplisaTvis iqmneba arasasurveli da au-
taneli samuSao garemo, romelic Seicavs seqsualuri xasia-

18 ganCineba.
142 Sexual Harassment at Work, Fact Sheet, International Labour Office, 1, ix.
https://bit.ly/393HdiC [30.10.2020].
143 Sexual Harassment at Work, Fact Sheet, International Labour Office, 1, ix.
https://bit.ly/393HdiC [30.10.2020].
18 ganCineba.
192
Tis mraval formas (romelic ar gulisxmobs momsaxurebis
sanacvlod SantaJs). kerZod, rogoric aris: seqsualuri xa-
siaTis damamcirebeli komentarebi, miniSnebebi, seqsualuri
Sinaarsis masalis tiraJireba da a.S. 145
146
qvemoT mocemulia samuSao adgilze seqsualuri Seviw-

roebis Cadenis magaliTebi
momsaxureba momsaxurebis sa- mtruli samuSao garemos Seq-

nacvlod mna
31 wlis lailas, romelic muSa- erT-erT kompaniaSi lolas mi-
obs erT-erT kompaniaSi, dawina- samarTiT xSirad amboben seq-
urebis Sansi gamouCnda. misma sistur komentarebs. kerZod,
uSualo menejerma uTxra, rom mamakacebi lolas eubnebian,
axali samuSaos mniSvnelovani na- rom ukeTesi iqneba, Tu qalebi
wili „araformalur garemoSi saxlebSi isxdebian da samzare-
urTierToba“ iqneboda, xolo ulos saqmeebiT Semoifargle-
rodesac laila dainteresda, ra bian. garda amisa, isini lolas
igulisxmeboda „araformalur TandaswrebiT uxams anekdotebs
garemoSi urTierTobis“ miRma, yvebian, rac mas ar siamovnebs.
menejerma upasuxa, rom igi mis-
145 genderuli diskriminacia SromiT urTierTobebSi, „uflebebi saqar-

Tvelo“ (yofili konstituciis 42-e muxli), 2014, 81.
146 praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo seqsualuri Seviwroebis Sesaxeb, saqar-
Tvelos saxalxo damcveli, 2020, 5, ix. https://bit.ly/3v3RuDF [20.05.2021].
193
gan met siaxlovesa da siTbos
eloda. lailam menejers uari
uTxra „araformalur garemoSi
urTierTobaze“, ris gamoc mene-
jerma lailas mier Sesrulebu-
li samuSao aradamakmayofileb-
lad Seafasa.
seqsualuri Seviwroebis identifikaciisaTvis erT-erT

mniSvnelovan kriteriums warmoadgens qmedebis arasasurve-
loba – iyo Tu ara seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva, romelic sa-
Wiroebs saqmis konteqstisa da sxvadasxva garemoebis Sefa-
sebas, msxverplisTvis arasasurveli. „arasasurvelobis
standartis“ dadgenisas mniSvnelovania msxverplis subieq-
turi aRqmis gaTvaliswineba, Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi
qmedebis Sinaarsisa da formis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar aris au-
cilebeli msxverplma aRniSnos misi arasasurveloba, vinai-
dan imTaviTve aSkaraa, rom amgvari qceva arasasurveli da
miuRebelia nebismieri adamianisTvis (mag., sxeulze fizi-
kuri Sexeba, genitaliebis Cveneba da a.S., romelTa saWiroe-
bac ar arsebobs saqmian urTierTobebSi). mag., erT-erT saq-
meze sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom vulgaruli iumori da xum-
robebi, romlebic iwvevs uxerxulobasa da sircxvils, uxam-
si Jestikulacia, seqsualuri fotoebis demonstrireba mi-
uRebeli qceva iyo da seqsualizebuls xdida samuSao gare-
mos. 147
mniSvnelovania qmedebis arasasurvelobis ganWvretac.
zogjer msxverpli SeiZleba eTanxmebodes konkretul qme-
debas da aqtiurad monawileobdes masSi, miuxedavad imisa,
rom SesaZloa misTvis es qceva usiamovno da Seuracxmyofe-
li iyos. seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva arasasurvelia, rode-
sac mas daqvemdebarebuli subieqti miiCnevs arasasurve-
147
Nova Scotia Construction Safety Association v. Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission,
2006 NSCA 63 (CanLII), NOVA SCOTIA COURT OF APPEAL, May 19, 2006, §106, ix.
https://bit.ly/3qUgv1j [27.01.2021].
194
lad. 148 Sesabamisad, Tu msxverpli ar afiqsirebs, rom mis-
Tvis garkveuli xasiaTis qceva arasasurvelia, es ar gamo-
ricxavs Semaviwroeblis pasuxismgeblobas, vinaidan, goniv-
rulobis farglebSi, savaraudo Semaviwroebels unda
scodnoda, rom konkretuli seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva ara-
sasurveli, Seuracxmyofeli da miuRebeli iqneboda msxver-
plisTvis. aRniSnuli midgoma gansazRvravs subieqturobisa
da obieqturobis tests, romelSic subieqturoba gulis-
xmobs Semaviwroeblis damokidebulebas misi qcevis mimReb-
lobasTan dakavSirebiT, xolo obieqturobis komponenti
yuradRebas amaxvilebs imaze, Tu rogor aRiqvamda, goniv-
rulobis farglebSi, konkretul qcevas mesame piri. 149 mag.,
erT-erT saqmeze mamakaci, romelic iyo medda da 18 wlis
ganmavlobaSi saavadmyofoSi muSaobda, gafrTxilebis gare-
Se gaaTavisufles samsaxuridan, vinaidan igi Tavis kolega
qalebs seqsualurad aviwroebda. kerZod, mamakacma pornog-
rafiuli xasiaTis suraTi aCvena mis kolega eqTan qals da
esaubra warmosaxviTi sqesobrivi kavSiris Sesaxeb, romelic
TiTqos kolega eqTan qalebs erTmaneTTan hqondaT. sasa-
marTlom aqcenti gaakeTa saavadmyofoSi momuSave medda qa-
lebis Rirsebasa da seqsualur avtonomiaze da aRniSna, rom
damsaqmebeli valdebuli iyo, daecva isini kolega mamakacis
mxridan seqsualuri xasiaTis enis gamoyenebisagan, gansa-
kuTrebiT imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom dasaqmebulTa umrav-
lesobas qalebi warmoadgendnen. sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom
aucileblobas ar warmoadgenda, msxverplebs Riad daefiq-
sirebinaT pozicia qmedebis arasasurvelobis Sesaxeb, vinai-
dan sakmarisi iyo is garemoeba, rom amgvari qceva neitra-
luri/obieqturi TvalsazrisiT miuRebeli iqneboda. 150
148 What is Sexual Harassment?, UN, 1, ix. https://bit.ly/36SAXax [30.10.2020].

149 Policy on prevencting sexual and gender-based harassment, Ontario Human Rights
Commission, 2. Identifying sexual Harassment, 2013, 10, ix. https://bit.ly/35QsmpD
[30.10.2020].
150 Numhauser-Henning A., Laulom S., Harassment related to Sex and Sexual Harassment
Law in 33 European Countries, Discrimination versus Dignity, European Commission,
2011, 113, ix. https://bit.ly/3t1C428 [27.01.2021].
195
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli seqsu-
aluri Seviwroebis saqmeebis ganxilvisas iyenebs „qalis mi-
er gonivruli aRqmis standarts“ (reasonable woman
standard), romelic mxedvelobaSi iRebs seqsualuri Seviwro-
ebis faqtis Taobaze qalisa da mamakacis gansxvavebul aR-
qmebs misaRebi da miuRebeli qcevis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli stan-
dartis mTavari suliskveTeba aris is, rom seqsualuri Se-
viwroebis konkretul faqts ganixilavs qalis perspeqtivi-
dan, rac gamoricxavs seqsualuri Seviwroebis universalu-
rad miRebuli wesiT gansazRvrisa da nebismieri sxva qmede-
bis msgavsad Sefasebis SesaZleblobas. saxalxo damcveli
miuTiTebs, rom savaraudo seqsualuri Seviwroebis saqmeze
msjelobisas saWiroa im socialuri konteqstis gaTvalis-
winebac, romelSic xdeba amgvari qceva, vinaidan swored am
socialuri konteqstisadmi Sesabamisi damokidebuleba iZ-
leva saSualebas, obieqturad Sefasdes, ramdenad gonivru-
lad moxda seqsualuri qcevis aRqma msxverplis mier. ro-
gorc saxalxo damcveli aRniSnavs, saqarTveloSi dRemde
arsebobs uaryofiTi genderuli stereotipebi, romelTa
Tanaxmad, dasaqmebis adgilze Tu sxva situaciaSi arasasur-
veli mopyrobis gamomwvevi aris Tavad qali, amitom is moe-
lis, rom kacis mxridan Seviwroebis SemTxvevaSi sazogadoe-
bam, ojaxma Tu kolegebma SesaZloa igi sazogadoebaSi dam-
kvidrebul moralur principebTan Seusabamo qcevaSi daa-
danaSaulon. Sesabamisad, qalis mowyvladobis xarisxi kidev
ufro imatebs da seqsualuri Seviwroebac dafaruli rCeba,
vinaidan msxverpls eSinia viqtimizaciis. 151
Tumca rig SemTxvevebSi, imisaTvis, rom dadgindes misa-
Rebi iyo Tu ara savaraudo msxverplisTvis garkveuli xasi-
aTis qceva, mniSvnelovania, adresatma gaakeTos miniSneba
qmedebis arasasurvelobis Sesaxeb. es midgoma unda gav-
rceldes iseT SemTxvevebze, rodesac konkretuli qceva,
gonivrulobis farglebSi, Seuracxmyofeli da damamcire-
151 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis rekomendacia seqsualuri Seviwroe-

biT gamoxatuli sqesis niSniT diskriminaciis dadgenis Taobaze, 2018,
4-6, ix. https://bit.ly/2NGS6hC [27.01.2021].
196
beli ar aris. Sesabamisad, qmedeba arasasurveli xdeba im
momentidan, rodesac erTi mxare raime formiT (verbaluri,
araverbaluri an sxva formiT – saxis gamometyveleba, sxeu-
lis enis gamoyeneba da a.S.) daafiqsirebs an gamoxatavs, rom
qmedeba misTvis arasasurvelia. mag., saqmeSi Smith v. The
Rover’s Rest kanadis adamianis uflebaTa tribunalma aRniSna,
rom mkafiod gamoxatuli uaris garda, momCivanma qmedebis
arasasurvelobaze miniSneba gaakeTa sxeulis eniT, kerZod,
eZabeboda tani da Tavs aridebda TvaliT kontaqts. igi cdi-
lobda, rom Tavi aeridebina iseTi situaciisaTvis, romel-
Sic mopasuxes SeeZlo Sexeboda mas an raime komentari gaeke-
Tebina. 152
imisaTvis, rom qmedeba CaiTvalos seqsualur Seviwroe-
bad, aucilebeli ar aris, rom Semaviwroebels hqondes misi
ganxorcielebis ganzraxva da iTvaliswinebdes/acnobiereb-
des Sedegebs, romlebic SesaZloa mis qmedebas mohyves, maT
Soris, TanamSromlis Rirsebis Selaxva da a.S. seqsualur Se-
viwroebas ar sWirdeba motivi. seqsualuri xasiaTis qceva
SeiZleba Seuracxmyofeli da Rirsebis Semlaxveli iyos sa-
varaudo msxverplisTvis, Semaviwroeblis gazraxvis miuxe-
davad, amitom yuradReba unda gamaxvildes ara ganzraxvasa
da motivze, aramed qmedebis Sedegze. 153
kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs samuSao adgilze seqsua-
luri Seviwroebisas uflebis dacvis samarTlebriv meqaniz-
mebs. kerZod, rodesac sakiTxi exeba samuSao adgilze seqsu-
alur Seviwroebas, pirs SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos, sa-
qarTvelos saxalxo damcvels an gamoiyenos mis organiza-
ciaSi/uwyebaSi arsebuli Sida regulirebis/gasaCivrebis me-
qanizmi. amdenad, savaraudo msxverpls aqvs erTmaneTisagan
damoukidebeli samarTlebrivi dacvis meqanizmebi.
152
Smith v. The Rover’s Rest, 2013 HRTO 700 (CanLII), HUMAN RIGHTS TRIBUNAL OF
ONTARIO, §79, ix. https://bit.ly/39kzRXD [26.01.2021].
Commission, 2013, 34-35, 42, ix. https://bit.ly/35QsmpD [30.10.2020].
197
kerZo sivrceSi (mag., samuSao adgilze an profesiul ur-
TierTobebSi) seqsualuri Seviwroebisas reagirebis samar-
Tlebrivi meqanizmebi:
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 73 Tavi aregulirebs sa-

marTalwarmoebis sakiTxs diskriminaciasTan dakavSirebul
saqmeebze, es moicavs seqsualur Seviwroebasac, rogorc
diskriminaciis erT-erT formas.
nebismier pirs, romelic Tavs diskriminaciis msxver-
plad miiCnevs, ufleba aqvs, sasamarTloSi Seitanos sarCe-
li im piris/dawesebulebis winaaRmdeg, romelmac, misi vara-
udiT, mis mimarT diskriminacia ganaxorciela da moiTxo-
vos moraluri an/da materialuri zianis anazRaureba. 154
seqsualuri Seviwroeba diskriminaciis erT-erTi for-
maa da masze vrceldeba is standarti, romelic diskrimina-
ciis sxva saqmeebze, Tumca, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT,
seqsualuri Seviwroebis dadgenis testi gansxvavdeba dis-
kriminaciis dadgenis teqstisgan. kerZod, Tu pirdapiri da
iribi diskriminaciis saqmeebSi saWiroa Sesadarebeli subi-
eqti, e.w. komparatori da daculi niSani, seqsualuri Seviw-
roebis savaraudo msxverpls komparatori ar hyavs da arc
diskriminaciisgan daculi niSnis arseboba ar aris misi dad-
genis winapiroba. 155 Sesabamisad, Seviwroebisa da seqsualu-
ri Seviwroebis dros ar aris aucilebeli, arsebobdes Sesa-
darebeli subieqti, vinaidan Tavidanve naTelia, rom nebis-
154 saqarTvelos kanoni „diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesa-

xeb“, muxli 10, nawili 2.
Tvelos saxalxo damcveli, 2020, 12, ix. https://bit.ly/3v3RuDF
[20.05.2021].
198
mieri formiT ganxorcielebuli Seviwroeba araswori da
adamianis Rirsebis Semlaxveli qmedebaa.
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom sasamarTlosTvis sarCe-
liT mimarTvis savaldebulo winapiroba ar aris saqarTve-
los saxalxo damcvelis, sxva piris an organos mier saqmis
ganxilva. 156
sasamarTlosTvis sarCeliT mimarTva SesaZlebelia 1
wlis ganmavlobaSi mas Semdeg, rac pirma gaigo an pirs unda
gaego im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic mas diskriminaciulad
miaCnia. pirs, romelic Tavs diskriminaciis msxverplad mi-
iCnevs, ufleba aqvs, sarCeliT mimarTos sasamarTlos maSi-
nac, Tu ukve dasrulebulia SromiTi urTierToba, romlis
drosac mis mimarT diskriminaciuli qmedeba ganxorciel-
da. 157
sasamarTlos SefasebiT, aRniSnuli vadis konkretuli
erTi qmedebidan aTvla dauSvebelia, radgan am SemTxvevaSi
sarCelis aRZvris uflebis xandazmulobis vada ar SeiZleba
damokidebuli iyos mxolod sasamarTlos mier dadasture-
bul erT konkretul qmedebaze. 158 mag., Tu seqsualur Seviw-
roebas aqvs gangrZobadi xasiaTi, xandazmulobis vada aT-
vlili unda iqnes bolo qmedebis ganxorcielebis momenti-
dan.
pirs ufleba aqvs, mis mier Setanili sarCelis safuZvel-
ze moiTxovos:
1. diskriminaciuli qmedebis Sewyveta an/da misi Sedege-
bis aRmofxvra;
2. moraluri an/da materialuri zianis anazRaureba.
sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom Tavad mosarCelis uflebaa,
airCios aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, pasuxismgebloba mos-
Txovos uSualod qmedebis Camden pirs Tu damsaqmebels,
romlis valdebulebaa SromiTi urTierTobis dros uzrun-
156 samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 3632, nawili I.

157 samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 3632, nawili 2, 22.
18 ganCineba; Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 3 ianvris ga-
dawyvetileba.
199
velyos usafrTxo da jansaRi garemos Seqmna. 159 aseT dros
moqmedebs pasuxismgeblobis samkuTxa principi. rodesac
seqsualuri Seviwroebis Camdeni da dawesebulebis xel-
mZRvaneli sxvadasxva piria, savaraudo msxverpls SeuZlia
orive mxaris winaaRmdeg waradginos saCivari/sarCeli. sava-
raudo Semaviwroeblis pasuxismgebloba mis mier Cadenili
qmedebiT Semoifargleba, xolo dawesebulebis xelmZRvane-
lis pasuxismgebloba ki mis umoqmedobaSi gamoixateba 160
kerZod, samsaxuris xelmZRvanels evaleboda, Seeqmna Sesa-
bamisi samuSao garemo da SeemuSavebina iseTi meqanizmi/po-
litika, romelic daicavda msxverpls SesaZlo seqsualuri
Seviwroebisgan.
erT-erTi sakvanZo sakiTxia mtkicebis tvirTis sworad
gadanawileba. mocemul SemTxvevaSi mxareebi ar arian Tana-
bar mdgomareobaSi, vinaidan erT mxares aris savaraudo
msxverpli da meore mxares – savaraudo Semaviwroebeli. Tu
msxverpls movTxovT faqtebis srul mtkicebas, mas yovel-
Tvis gauWirdeba seqsualuri Seviwroebis damtkiceba. ami-
tom msxverpls mxolod is moeTxoveba, sasamarTlos warud-
ginos faqtebi, anu aRweros mdgomareoba, romelic qmnis va-
raudis daSvebis SesaZleblobas, rom seqsualuri Seviwroe-
ba ganxorcielda da waradginos mtkicebuleba, romlis mo-
povebac obieqturad SesaZlebelia, anu misTvis xelmisaw-
vdomia (mag., savaraudo msxverplma SesaZloa miuTiTos im
megobris/nacnobis Sesaxeb, romelic flobs informacias
seqsualuri Seviwroebis Taobaze). amis Semdeg mtkicebis
tvirTi gadadis meore mxares, anu savaraudo Semaviwroe-
belma unda SeZlos am garemoebebis gaqarwyleba. msxverpli
aris mtkicebiT upiratesobaSi, romelic faqtebis wardge-
niT qmnis prezumfcias.
sarCelis aRZvrisas savaraudo msxverplma sasamarTlos
unda warudginos faqtebi da Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi,

18 ganCineba.
Tvelos saxalxo damcveli, 2020, 47, ix. https://bit.ly/3v3RuDF [20.05.2021].
200
romlebic diskriminaciuli qmedebis ganxorcielebis vara-
udis safuZvels iZleva, ris Semdegac mopasuxes (savaraudo
Semaviwroebels) ekisreba imis mtkicebis tvirTi, rom dis-
kriminacia ar ganxorcielebula. 161 amave dros, savaraudo
Semaviwroeblis mier faqtis zogadi uaryofa ar aris wona-
di argumenti, rodesac mas upirispirdeba sxva mtkicebule-
bebi. 162
sasamarTlo sarCelis Setanidan 3 dRis vadaSi ixilavs
misi warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxs. sarCelis saqarTvelos ka-
nonmdeblobiT moTxovnebis daucvelad wardgenis SemTxve-
vaSi sasamarTlo adgens xarvezs da mosarCeles mis aRmo-
safxvrelad ganusazRvravs gonivrul vadas, romelic ar Se-
iZleba iyos 3 dReze naklebi. gansazRvrul vadaSi, Tu mo-
sarCele aRmofxvris xarvezs, sasamarTlo sarCels iRebs
warmoebaSi, xolo Tu xarvezi ar aRmoifxvra – gamoaqvs gan-
Cineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb da
sarCelsa da TandarTul dokumentebs ubrunebs mosarCe-
les.
sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlo ganCineba SeiZleba kerZo saCivriT gasaCivrdes saa-
pelacio sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dad-
genili wesiT mosarCelisaTvis misi gacnobidan 3 dRis vada-
Si. Tu kerZo saCivari dakmayofilda, saapelacio sasamar-
Tlo saqmes pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ubrunebs.
Tu mosamarTlem savaraudo msxverplis sarCeli miiRo
warmoebaSi, sarCeli da TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebi,
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, dauyovneb-
liv egzavneba mopasuxes (savaraudo Semaviwroebels) da mas
Sesageblis warsadgenad 10 dRis vada eZleva. 163
saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadaw-
yvetileba diskriminaciis faqtis, maT Soris, seqsualuri
161 samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 3633.

162
Policy Guidance on Current Issues of Sexual Harassment, The U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission, 1990, B. Evaluating Evidence of Harassment, ix.
https://bit.ly/39gWZq2 [26.01.2021].
201
Seviwroebis, dadasturebisa da diskriminaciis (maT Soris,
seqsualuri Seviwroebis) msxverplis sarCelis mTlianad an
nawilobriv dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb an gadawyvetileba dis-
kriminaciis msxverplis sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb.
Tu seqsualuri Seviwroebis faqti dadginda, sasamar-
Tlo Semaviwroebels akisrebs:
1. diskriminaciuli qmedebis, maT Soris, seqsualuri
Seviwroebis, Sewyvetas an/da misi Sedegebis aRmof-
xvras an/da
2. moraluri an/da materialuri zianis anazRaurebas.
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba mxarem SeiZleba gaasaCiv-
ros saapelacio sasamarTloSi, romelsac 3 dRis vadaSi, sa-
Civris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis Semdeg, gamoaqvs ganCineba an
saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, ro-
melzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, an gansaxilvelad
iRebs saapelacio saCivars.
saapelacio sasamarTlo saapelacio saCivris gansaxil-
velad miRebidan 1 Tvis vadaSi zepiri mosmeniT ganixilavs
saapelacio saCivars da iRebs gadawyvetilebas misi mTlia-
nad an nawilobriv dakmayofilebis Taobaze, an uars ambobs
saCivris dakmayofilebaze. 164
„diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“ sa-
qarTvelos kanonis me-6 muxlis 1-li nawilis Tanaxmad, dis-
kriminaciis aRmofxvrisa da Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa-
ze zedamxedvelobas axorcielebs saqarTvelos saxalxo
damcveli.
Sesabamisad, sasamarTlos msgavsad, saxalxo damcveli
ganixilavs im fizikuri an iuridiuli piris an pirTa jgu-
fis gancxadebas da saCivars, romelic Tavs diskriminaciis
msxverplad miiCnevs. 165 aRniSnuli moicavs saCivrebs seqsua-
lur SeviwroebasTan dakavSirebiTac.

165 „saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli ka-
noni, muxli 141, punqti 2-„a“ qvepunqti; „diskriminaciis yvela formis
202
saxalxo damcvelisTvis mimarTvis xandazmulobis vade-
bi gansazRvruli ar aris. Tumca pirs, romelsac miaCnia,
rom seqsualuri Seviwroebis msxverplia, SeuZlia saxalxo
damcvels mimarTos nebismier dros im faqtTan dakavSire-
biT, romelsac adgili hqonda „diskriminaciis yvela for-
mis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis ZalaSi Ses-
vlis Semdeg, 2014 wlis 7 maisidan, an Tu seqsualuri Seviw-
roeba daiwyo ufro adre, Tumca kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlis Sem-
degac grZeldeba.
pirma, romelic saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvels gancxa-
debiT/saCivriT mimarTavs, unda miuTiTos is faqtebi, rom-
lebic diskriminaciuli qmedebis, maT Soris, seqsualuri
Seviwroebis, ganxorcielebis varaudis safuZvels iZleva
da unda waradginos Sesabamisi masalebi. savaraudo diskri-
minaciuli qmedebis (maT Soris, seqsualuri Seviwroebis)
ganmaxorcielebel pirs ekisreba mtkicebis tvirTi, rom
diskriminacia ar ganxorcielebula.
Tu saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saWirod miiCnevs, igi
uflebamosilia, daniSnos zepiri mosmena da moiwvios mxare-
ebi saqmis morigebiT dasasruleblad. saqmis morigebiT
dasrulebis SemTxvevaSi, saxalxo damcveli axorcielebs
morigebis aqtiT gansazRvruli valdebulebebis Sesrule-
bis monitorings. 166
diskriminaciis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT, maT Soris, seq-
sualuri Seviwroebis faqtis Seswavlisas, saxalxo dam-
cvels ufleba aqvs sajaro Tu kerZo samarTlis pirs, fizi-
kur pirs an organizacias mosTxovos nebismieri informacia
(dokumenti an sxva masala) da werilobiTi axsna-ganmarte-
ba. 167
aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 6, punqti 2-„a“ qve-

punqti.
166 „diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos ka-
noni, muxli 8.
noni, muxli 18-„b“ da „g“ punqtebi.
203
nebismieri administraciuli, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis
(maT Soris, prokuratura, sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo or-
ganoebi) da municipalitetis organo valdebulia, saqmis
ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli masala, sabuTi, axsna-ganmar-
teba da sxva informacia kanoniT dadgenili wesis dacviT
gadasces saxalxo damcvels moTxovnidan 10 kalendaruli
dRis vadaSi. Tu informacia nebayoflobiT kerZo pirisgan
miiReba, mas, moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba aunazRaurdes
informaciis gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli aslis gadaRebisa
da safosto momsaxurebis xarjebi. 168
gancxadebis/saCivris ganxilvis Sedegad diskriminaciis
faqtis, maT Soris, seqsualuri Seviwroebis, dadasturebis
SemTxvevaSi, Tu diskriminaciis (seqsualuri Seviwroebis)
Sedegebi ar aris aRmofxvrili, saqarTvelos saxalxo dam-
cveli, saqmis garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, asrulebs saq-
mis warmoebas da gamoscems rekomendacias, 169 romliTac
diskriminaciuli qmedebis (maT Soris, seqsualuri Seviwro-
ebis) ganmaxorcielebel saxelmwifo xelisuflebis an muni-
cipalitetis organos, Tanamdebobis pirs, fizikur an iuri-
diul pirs, sxva organizaciul warmonaqmns, pirTa gaerTia-
nebas iuridiuli piris Seuqmnelad an mewarme subieqts sTa-
vazobs diskriminaciis, maT Soris, seqsualuri Seviwroebis,
aRmosafxvrelad da mis Sedegad darRveuli Tanasworobis
aRsadgenad RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas mesame piris uf-
lebebisa da kanonieri interesebis Seulaxavad. 170
amdenad, diskriminaciis, maT Soris, seqsualuri Seviw-
roebis, faqtis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi saxalxo damcveli mo-
pasuxes (Semaviwroebels) mimarTavs rekomendaciiT, rome-
lic SeiZleba moicavdes:

noni, muxli 8, nawili 4.
noni, muxli 9, nawili 3.
noni, muxli 201.
204
1. seqsualuri Seviwroebis Sewyvetas an/da momavalSi
seqsualuri Seviwroebis Tavidan acilebas;
2. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu rekomendaciis adresatia organi-
zacia/dawesebuleba – seqsualuri Seviwroebis pre-
venciis/reagirebis Sida meqanizmis dokumentis Semu-
Savebas.
Tu diskriminaciis/seqsualuri Seviwroebis faqti ar da-
dasturdeba, saxalxo damcveli iRebs gadawyvetilebas saq-
mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis an municipalitetis organo,
sajaro dawesebuleba, Tanamdebobis piri, fizikuri piri,
iuridiuli piri, sxva organizaciuli warmonaqmni, pirTa ga-
erTianeba iuriduli piris Seuqmnelad an mewarme subieqti,
romelic saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis winadadebebs an
rekomendaciebs miiRebs, valdebulia, ganixilos isini da sa-
xalxo damcvels 20 dRis ganmavlobaSi werilobiT acnobos
ganxilvis Sedegebi. 171
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu zemoxsenebulma organoebma/pirebma
ar upasuxes an ar gaiziares rekomendacia da arsebobs sakma-
risi mtkicebulebebi, romlebic diskriminacias, maT Soris,
seqsualur Seviwroebas, adasturebs, saxalxo damcveli uf-
lebamosilia:
1. sajaro piris winaaRmdeg diskriminaciis/seqsualuri Se-
viwroebis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi, rogorc dainterese-
bulma pirma, saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso
kodeqsis Sesabamisad, mimarTos sasamarTlos da moiTxo-
vos administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqtis gamocema an
qmedebis ganxorcieleba, Tu administraciulma organom
mis rekomendacias ar upasuxa an es rekomendacia ar gai-
ziara da arsebobs sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi, romlebic
diskriminacias adasturebs; 172

noni, muxli 24.
noni, muxli 141, punqti 2-„T“ qvepunqti.
205
2. rogorc mosarCelem, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sapro-
ceso kodeqsis Sesabamisad, sarCeliT mimarTos sasamar-
Tlos, Tu iuridiulma pirma, sxva organizaciulma war-
monaqmnma, pirTa gaerTianebam iuridiuli piris Seuqmne-
lad an mewarme subieqtma mis rekomendacias ar upasuxa
an es rekomendacia ar gaiziara da arsebobs sakmarisi
mtkicebulebebi, romlebic diskriminacias adasturebs,
da moiTxovos am rekomendaciis Sesruleba. 173 es SesaZ-
lebloba ar moqmedebs maSin, rodesac am rekomendaciis
adresati fizikuri piria. Tumca, saqarTvelos adminis-
traciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1734 muxlis Ta-
naxmad, samarTaldarRvevas warmoadgens saxalxo dam-
cvelis kanonieri moTxovnis Seusrulebloba, romelic
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes fizikur pirebTan mimarTe-
biT. amave kodeqsis mixedviT, samarTaldarRvevis Sesa-
xeb oqms adgens saxalxo damcveli.
amdenad, saxalxo damcvelis mier gacemuli rekomenda-
ciebi diskriminaciis, maT Soris, seqsualuri Seviwroebis,
dadgenis Taobaze, Sesasruleblad savaldebulo SeiZleba
gaxdes mxolod sasamarTlos saSualebiT.
sasamarTlosa da saxalxo damcvelis garda, arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi, savaraudo msxverpls SeuZlia gamoiyenos Sida
gasaCivrebis/regulirebis meqanizmi da savaraudo seqsua-
luri Seviwroebis faqtze gancxadebiT/saCivriT mimarTos
mis organizacaSi/uwyebaSi arsebul Sesabamis organos/pirs.
aucilebelia, rom Sida gasaCivrebis/regulirebis meqanizmi
iyos centralizebuli da eqvemdebarebodes organizaci-
is/dawesebulebis xelmZRvanels, rac mas ufro met serio-
zulobasa da mniSvnelobas matebs. mniSvnelovania, rom aR-
niSnuli meqanizmi morgebuli iyos organizaciis/dawesebu-
lebis struqturaze, kulturasa da muSaobis specifikaze.
organizaciaSi/dawesebulebaSi amgvari meqanizmis arseboba,

noni, muxli 141, punqti 2-„T1“ qvepunqti; samoqalaqo saproceso ko-
deqsi, muxli 3632, nawili 11; 4.
206
erTi mxriv, xels Seuwyobs seqsualuri Seviwroebis preven-
cias da, meore mxriv, uzrunvelyofs swrafi da efeqtiani
reagirebis ganxorcielebas. organizaciaSi arsebuli rea-
girebis meqanizmi aucileblad unda moicavdes misi moqme-
debis farglebs, seqsualuri Seviwroebis ganmartebas, Set-
yobinebisa da saCivris wardgenis proceduras, saqmis gan-
xilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesebsa da Semaviwroeb-
lis mimarT gamosayenebel disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis
zomebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom msxverplma SesaZloa gamoiyenos samar-
Tlebrivi dacvis samive saSualeba da mimarTos rogorc sa-
samarTlos, ise saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvels an, arsebo-
bis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyenos Sida gasaCivrebis/regulirebis
meqanizmi, Tumca kanoni iTvaliswinebs garkveul SezRud-
vebs. amdenad, marTalia, savaraudo seqsualuri Seviwroe-
bis msxverpls SeuZlia formalurad erTdroulad mimar-
Tos saxalxo damcvelsa da sasamarTlos, magram saxalxo
damcveli aCerebs saqmiswarmoebas, Tuki imave faqtobriv ga-
remoebebs Seiswavlis sasamarTlo, xolo wyvets saqmiswar-
moebas sasamarTlos mier imave faqtobriv garemoebebze mi-
Rebuli gadawyvetilebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli aCerebs saqmis warmoe-
bas, Tu savaraudo diskriminaciis, maT Soris, savaraudo
seqsualuri Seviwroebis, imave faqtis gamo:
a) davas sasamarTlo ganixilavs;
b) mimdinareobs administraciuli warmoeba;
g) mimdinareobs sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli wyvets saqmis warmoebas,
Tu savaraudo diskriminaciis, maT Soris, savaraudo seqsua-
luri Seviwroebis, imave faqtis gamo:
a) arsebobs sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba;
b) gancxadebis/saCivris ganxilvis Sedegad ar dadastur-
da diskriminaciis faqti. 174

noni, muxli 9.
207
nebismieri meqanizmis gamoyenebisas seqsualuri Seviw-
roebis faqtis dadgena unda moxdes orive mxaris mosmenisa
da mtkicebulebebis saTanadod gamokvlevis Semdeg. amave
dros, yuradReba unda miqces irib mtkicebulebebsac, ro-
melTa erTobliobamac samoqalaqo da administraciul sa-
marTalwarmoebaSi SeiZleba Seqmnas prezumfcia seqsualu-
ri Seviwroebis arsebobis Taobaze. gasaTvaliswinebelia,
rom seqsualuri Seviwroeba, rogorc wesi, gamoirCeva fa-
rulobiT, Sesabamisad, rTuldeba mowmeebis an/da materia-
luri/dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis mopoveba. Sesabami-
sad, faqtis dadgenisas praqtikulad SeuZlebelia mxolod
utyuar mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli gadawyvetilebis
miReba, ris gamoc, msgavs saqmeebSi mniSvneloba eniWeba mxa-
reTa mier warmodgenil subieqtur mtkicebulebebs. 175
Commission, 7. Burden of proof: evidentiary issues, 2013, 41, ix.
https://bit.ly/35QsmpD [30.10.2020].
208
Tavi V. specialistebis mier Zaladobis faqtis
Setyobinebis wesi da Zaladobis
msxverplebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli
servisebi
1. specialistebis mier Zaladobis faqtis Taobaze Se-

sabamisi organoebis informirebis wesi
sxvadasxva samsaxurebrivi Tu profesiuli movaleobis

Sesrulebisas, maT Soris, Sesabamisi pirebisaTvis momsaxu-
rebis gawevis procesSi, SesaZlebelia, specialistisTvis
cnobili gaxdes qalTa mimarT an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis faq-
ti. aseT dros, dRis wesrigSi dgeba, erTi mxriv, specialis-
tis mier konfidencialurobis dacvis sakiTxi, romelic mas
gaandes samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis dros da, meore mxriv, im
piris daxmarebis aucilebloba, romelic daeqvemdebara Za-
ladobas.
bolis konvencia) 28-e muxlis mixedviT, mxareebma unda mii-
Ron yvela saWiro zoma imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom konfi-
dencialurobis dacvis wesebma, romlebsac Sida kanonmdeb-
loba akisrebs zogierT specialists, xeli ar SeuSaloT,
gansazRvrul garemoebebSi, Seatyobinon kompetentur or-
ganizaciebs an xelisuflebis organoebs, Tu maT gonivruli
safuZveli gaaCniaT, ivaraudon, rom Cadenilia rogorc
ojaxSi Zaladobis, ise qalTa mimarT Zaladobis seriozuli
aqti da, savaraudod, mosalodnelia Zaladobis Semdgomi
gameoreba.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sxvadasxva sferos specia-
listebs kanoni aZlevs SesaZleblobas, gamonaklis SemTxve-
vebSi, Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvis mizniT, gaamJRavnon
konfidencialuri informacia, romelic maTTvis cnobili
gaxda samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas.
209
aseTi specialistebi SeiZleba iyvnen:
 samedicino servisebis mimwodeblebi (eqimebi);
 advokatebi;
 saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis personali (skolis
direqtori, maswavlebeli, mandaturi, akademiuri
personali).
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtis
pirveladi identifikaciisa da masze reagirebis mizniT, Se-
sabamisi organoebisaTvis mimarTvis valdebuleba akisriaT
samedicino dawesebulebebis uflebamosil TanamSromlebs.
samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevis mier pacientis oja-
xur da pirad cxovrebaSi Careva akrZalulia, garda im Sem-
Txvevisa, Tu informacia exeba qalTa mimarT Zaladobis
an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis SesaZlo Cadenis faqts da arsebobs
Zaladobis ganmeorebis saSiSroeba. es informacia miewode-
ba mxolod Sesabamis saxelmwifo organos pacientis ufle-
bebisa da interesebis dasacavad. Sesabamisad, dasaSvebia sa-
medicino momsaxurebis gamwevis mier pacientis konfiden-
cialuri informaciis gamJRavneba. 176 damoukidebeli saeqi-
mo saqmianobis subieqts ufleba aqvs, gaamJRavnos pacientis
janmrTelobis mdgomareobisa da piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb
konfidencialuri informacia, Tu es exeba qalTa mimarT Za-
ladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis SesaZlo Cadenis faqts da
arsebobs Zaladobis ganmeorebis saSiSroeba. es informacia
miewodeba mxolod Sesabamis saxelmwifo organos pacientis
uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad. 177
advokats ufleba aqvs policias an/da sxva uflebamosil
organoebs miawodos informacia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis
176 „pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 28, punqti

1-„g1“ qvepunqti; muxli 29-„g“ punqti.
177 „saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 48, punqti 2-
„v1“ qvepunqti.
210
an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis SesaZlo Cadenis faqtze, Tu arse-
bobs Zaladobis ganmeorebis saSiSroeba. 178
umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis akademiuri
personali valdebulia, policias an/da sxva uflebamosil
organoebs miawodos studentis Sesaxeb piradi informacia,
romelic exeba qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zala-
dobis SesaZlo Cadenis faqts, Tu arsebobs Zaladobis ganme-
orebis saSiSroeba. 179
zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis/skolis direq-
tors, maswavlebelsa da mandaturs aqvT valdebuleba, sko-
lis direqtoris mier gansazRvrul saamisod uflebamosil
pirs miawodon informacia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da
ojaxSi Zaladobis SesaZlo Cadenis faqtze, Tu arsebobs Za-
ladobis ganmeorebis saSiSroeba.
 skolis direqtori valdebulia, mis mier gansaz-
Rvrul Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs miawodos infor-
macia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zalado-
bis SesaZlo Cadenis faqtze, Tu arsebobs Zaladobis
ganmeorebis saSiSroeba;
 maswavlebeli valdebulia, skolis direqtoris mier
gansazRvrul Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs miawodos
informacia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Za-
ladobis SesaZlo Cadenis faqtze, Tu arsebobs Zala-
dobis ganmeorebis saSiSroeba;
 saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mandaturi val-
debulia, skolis direqtoris mier gansazRvrul Se-
sabamis uflebamosil pirs miawodos informacia qal-
Ta mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis SesaZ-
lo Cadenis faqtze, Tu arsebobs Zaladobis ganmeo-
rebis saSiSroeba.
178
„advokatTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 4, punqti 1-„g1“ qve-
punqti.
179 „umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 37, punqti
2-„e“ qvepunqti.
211
sabolood, skolis direqtoris mier gansazRvruli Sesa-
bamisi uflebamosili piri valdebulia, policias an/da sxva
uflebamosil organoebs miawodos zemoaRniSnuli wesiT mi-
Rebuli informacia, romelic exeba qalTa mimarT Zalado-
bis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis SesaZlo Cadenis faqts, Tu arse-
bobs Zaladobis ganmeorebis saSiSroeba. 180
sainteresoa, rom samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi pire-
bisa da advokatebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebsac ufleba
aqvT, piris Sesaxeb informacia miawodon Sesabamis organo-
ebs, zogadsaganmanaTleblo da umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebis personals kanonmdebloba akisrebs polici-
is an/da sxva uflebamosili organoebisaTvis mimarTvis
valdebulebas. Tumca zemoaRniSnul specialistebs mxo-
lod maSin aqvT ufleba/valdebuleba, informacia miawodon
Sesabamis organoebs, rodesac arsebobs Zaladobis ganmeo-
rebis saSiSroeba, rac unda Sefasdes maT mier, arsebuli ga-
remoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
samedicino momsaxurebis gamwev pirebTan mimarTebiT ka-
noni zogadad miuTiTebs, rom es informacia unda miewodos
Sesabamis saxelmwifo organos, xolo danarCen SemTxvevebSi
kanoni ufro konkretul Canawers Seicavs da Setyobinebis
erT-erT adresatad miiCnevs policias an/da sxva uflebamo-
sil organos.
aRsaniSnavia, rom 2018 wlis 20 seqtembers miRebul iqna
axali kanoni profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romlis amoq-
medebisTanave Zaladakargulad gamocxadda „profesiuli
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos 2007 wlis 28 martis kano-
ni.
axalma kanonma aRar gaiTvaliswina profesiuli saganma-
naTleblo dawesebulebis direqtoris SesaZlebloba, kom-
petenciis farglebSi, informacia, romelic exeba qalTa mi-
marT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis SesaZlo Cadenis
faqts, miawodos policias an/da sxva uflebamosil orga-
180 „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 201; muxli 43:
punqti 1-„l1“ qvepunqti, punqti 4; muxli 483, punqti 3.
212
nos, Tu arsebobs Zaladobis ganmeorebis saSiSroeba, maSin
rodesac aRniSnulis Taobaze Sesabamisi Canaweri arsebobda
2018 welis 20 seqtembramde moqmedi kanonis debulebebSi. 181
aRniSnuli, savaraudod, gamowveulia imiT, rom axalma ka-
nonma detalurad aRar gansazRvra/moawesriga profesiuli
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis direqtoris saqmianobis
maregulirebeli normebi, romlebic, maT Soris, iTvaliswi-
nebda mis mier qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zala-
dobis SesaZlo Cadenis faqtze policiis an sxva uflebamo-
sili organoebisaTvis informaciis miwodebis wess.
2. savaraudo msxverplisaTvis statusis miniWebis sa-

fuZvlebi da procedurebi

saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, msxverplad miiCneva qali an
ojaxis nebismieri wevri, romelTa konstituciuri uflebe-
bi da Tavisuflebebi dairRva ugulebelyofiT an/da fizi-
kuri, fsiqologiuri, ekonomikuri an seqsualuri Zalado-
biT an iZulebiT da romlebsac msxverplis statusi ganu-
sazRvra saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesaba-
misma samsaxurma, sasamarTlom an/da genderuli Tanasworo-
bis, qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiT-
xebze momuSave uwyebaTaSoris komisiasTan arsebulma qal-
Ta mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis
statusis ganmsazRvrelma jgufma (Semdgom – msxverplis
identificirebis jgufi).
msxverplis statusi pirs aZlevs SesaZleblobas, isar-
geblos arsebuli servisebiTa da daxmarebis programebiT,
maT Soris, TavSesafris momsaxurebiT.
Zaladobis savaraudo msxverplma statusi SeiZleba mii-
Ros sxvadasxa gziT:
181 „profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 34, pun-

qti 1-„z1“ qvepunqti – Zaladakargulia – 20.09.2018, №3442.
213
 policiis uflebamosili TanamSromlis mier Semaka-
vebeli orderis gamocemiT;
 sasamarTlos mier damcavi orderis gamocemiT;
 prokuroris mier piris dazaralebulad cnobiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Sesabamisi pirebis mier gamocemul do-
kumentebSi ar xdeba imis miTiTeba, rom msxverpls eniWeba
statusi, Sesabamisad, romelime aqtis (mag., Semakavebeli
orderis) gamocemisas piri avtomaturad iRebs msxverplis
statuss.
arsebobs msxverplis statusis gansazRvris kidev erTi
gza. aRniSnuli xorcieldeba genderuli Tanasworobis,
qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze
momuSave uwyebaTaSoris komisiasTan arsebuli msxverplis
identificirebis jgufisaTvis mimarTvis gziT.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufi iqmneba genderuli
Tanasworobis, qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zalado-
bis sakiTxebze momuSave uwyebaTaSorisi komisiis mier, rom-
lis saqmianobis wesi, maT Soris, msxverplis identificire-
bisa da statusis gansazRvris wesi, msxverplis statusis mi-
niWebaSi monawile subieqtebi da maTi kompetencia, daregu-
lirebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2014 wlis 18 dekembris
№684 dadgenilebiT.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufi Sedgeba samoqalaqo
seqtoris warmomadgeneli 12 wevrisgan. am jgufis wevri Se-
iZleba iyos mxolod socialuri muSaki, fsiqologi, iuris-
ti, eqimi, fsiqiatri da ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momu-
Save eqsperti.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis uflebamosilebis
vada Seadgens 3 wels da misi wevroba ar warmoadgens anazRa-
urebad saqmianobas.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis saqmianobaSi, dama-
tebiT, saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT monawileobas iRebs saxal-
xo damcveli an misi uflebamosili warmomadgeneli.
214
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis samdivnos funqci-
as asrulebs saqarTvelos mTavrobis administraciis sam-
divno adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebSi (samsaxuri).
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxver-
plis statusis gansazRvris Taobaze identificirebis pro-
ceduris dawyebis safuZvelia uflebamosili subieqtebis
mier wardgenili informacia da Sevsebuli saidentifika-
cio kiTxvari, romelic gansaxilvelad waredgineba msxver-
plis identificirebis jgufs.
saidentifikacio kiTxvaris Sevsebisa da wardgenis uf-
leba aqvT:
a) genderuli Tanasworobis, qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa
da ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave uwyebaTaSorisi
komisiis sakonkurso komisiis mier SerCeul, qalTa mimarT
Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis statusis
dasadgenad saWiro procedurebis mwarmoebel, arasamewar-
meo (arakomerciul) iuridiul pirebsa da saerTaSoriso
organizaciebs;
b) ssip saxelmwifo zrunvisa da trefikingis msxverplTa,
dazaralebulTa daxmarebis saagentos;
g) savaraudo msxverpls;
d) savaraudo msxverplis kanonier warmomadgenels.
amis Semdeg msxverplis identificirebis jgufis samdiv-
no:
1. iRebs da registraciaSi atarebs uflebamosili subi-
eqtebis mier wardgenil informaciasa da Sevsebul
saidentifikacio kiTxvars;
2. anawilebs saqmeebs msxverplis identificirebis jgu-
fis wevrebs Soris. saqmeebis ganawilebisas valdebu-
lia, daakompleqtos jgufi zemoaRniSnuli sxvadas-
xva specializaciis mqone pirebisgan (socialuri mu-
Saki, fsiqologi, iuristi, eqimi, fsiqiatri da ojaxSi
Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave eqsperti) da uzrun-
velyos maTi CarTuloba;
3. uflebamosili subieqtebis mier wardgenil infor-
maciasa da Sevsebul saidenticikacio kiTxvars,
215
eleqtronuli formiT, dauyovnebliv awvdis ganxil-
vaSi monawile msxverplis identificirebis jgufis
wevrebs;
4. iwvevs da warmarTavs msxverplis identificirebis
jgufis sxdomas da gansazRvravs sxdomis TariRs,
drosa da dRis wesrigs;
5. atyobinebs msxverplis identificirebis jgufis
sxdomis TariRsa da dros msxverplis identificire-
bis sakiTxis ganvilvaSi monawile jgufis wevrebs da
saidentifikacio kiTxvaris warmdgen subieqtebs
sxdomamde ara ugvianes 2 dRisa;
6. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu identificirebis sakiTxis ganxil-
vaSi monawile msxverplis identificirebis jgufis
romelime wevri ver axorcielebs Tavis uflebamosi-
lebas, iwvevs alternatiul wevrs;
7. axorcielebs sxva uflebamosilebebs, romlebic sa-
Wiroa msxverplis identificirebis jgufis organi-
zebuli da Seuferxebeli saqmianobisaTvis.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufi uflebamosili su-
bieqtis mier savaraudo msxverplisTvis qalTa mimarT Zala-
dobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis statusis gansaz-
Rvris Sesaxeb mimarTvas ganixilavs, Tu ar gamoiyeneba „qal-
Ta mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Za-
ladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqar-
Tvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi
da administraciul-samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi – damcavi da
Semakavebeli orderebi, aseve, Tu savaraudo msxverpls mi-
niWebuli ar aqvs dazaralebulis statusi.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufi ikribeba, saWiroebi-
samebr, saidentifikacio kiTxvaris miRebidan 3 samuSao
dRis vadaSi da iRebs gadawyvetilebas qalTa mimarT Zala-
dobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis statusis miniWe-
bis an statusis miniWebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. msxverplis
identificirebis jgufs ufleba aqvs, SeaCeros saqmis gan-
xilva, Tu saqmis Seswavlis periodSi warmoiSva obieqturi
sirTuleebi (mag., jgufis wevris avadmyofoba, mtkicebule-
216
bebis SegrovebisTvis saWiro dro da sxv.), ris gamoc SeuZ-
lebelia saqmis ganxilvis gagrZeleba. am SemTxvevaSi saqmis
ganxilvis SeCerebis vada ar SeiZleba aRematebodes 5 dRes.
saqmis ganxilvis SeCerebis dro ar CaiTvleba zemoaRniSnul
3-dRian vadaSi.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis sxdomaze samdiv-
nos mier miwveuli unda iqnes msxverplis identificirebis
jgufis 5 wevri. sxdoma uflebamosilia, Tu mas miwveul wev-
rTagan eswreba aranakleb 3 wevri. msxverplis identifici-
rebis jgufis sxdoma tardeba kolegiurad.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufi savaraudo msxver-
plisTvis statusis miniWebis an miniWebaze uaris Tqmis Sesa-
xeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs kanonis, uflebamosili subieq-
tebis mier wardgenili informaciis, Sevsebuli saidentifi-
kacio kiTxvaris, mis mier damatebiT mopovebuli informa-
ciisa da rig SemTxvevebSi, savaraudo msxverplTan gasaub-
rebisas mopovebuli informaciis analizis safuZvelze. Tu
savaraudo msxverpli Tavad avsebs kiTxvars, savaldebuloa
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis mier sxdomis far-
glebSi masTan gasaubreba, romelic unda Catardes saiden-
tifikacio kiTxvaris ganxilvisTvis gansazRvrul vadaSi.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufi uflebamosilia, sa-
Wiroebis SemTxvevaSi, moiZios damatebiTi informacia, maT
Soris, mesame pirebisgan da moiwvios Sesabamisi specialis-
ti.
sakiTxis Seswavlis Semdeg msxverplis identificirebis
jgufi pirisaTvis msxverplis statusis gansazRvris an gan-
sazRvraze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs ad-
gilze TaTbiris safuZvelze, Ria yenWisyriT. gadawyveti-
leba miiReba xmaTa ubralo umravlesobiT. msxverplis
identificirebis jgufis wevri ar aris uflebamosili, ara-
sapatio mizeziT uari Tqvas kenWisyraSi monawileobis miRe-
baze an gadawyvetilebaze xelis moweraze. msxverplis iden-
tificirebis jgufis TaTbiri da kenWisyris procesi konfi-
dencialuria da mas ar SeiZleba eswrebodnen saidentifika-
cio kiTxvaris warmdgeni subieqti da savaraudo msxverpli.
217
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis wevrebi, samdivnos Ta-
namSromlebi, identificirebis procesSi monawile subieq-
tebi valdebuli arian, daicvan im informaciis saidumloe-
ba, romelic maTTvis cnobili gaxda msxverplis statusis
gansazRvris Sesaxeb saqmis warmoebis dros.
gadawyvetilebas msxverplis statusis gansazRvris an
statusis gansazRvraze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb xels awers jgu-
fis yvela wevri. gadawyvetileba ZalaSi Sedis xelmoweris-
Tanave.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis mier savaraudo
msxverplisaTvis statusis miniWebis an miniWebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb jgufi dauyovnebliv acnobebs savaraudo
msxverpls, xolo statusis miniWebis SemTxvevaSi axdens
msxverplis informirebas arsebuli servisebisa da am servi-
sebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis mier miniWebuli
msxverplis statusi ZalaSia miniWebidan 18 Tvis ganmavlo-
baSi, xolo Tu msxverpli sargeblobs TavSesafriT –
msxverplis TavSesafrSi moTavsebisaTvis gansazRvruli 3
Tvemde vadiT.
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis
msxverpls ufleba aqvs, kvlav mimarTos msxverplis identi-
ficirebis jgufs statusis gagrZelebis an xelaxla miniWe-
bis moTxovniT. statusis gagrZeleba xdeba moqmedi statu-
sis amowurvamde erTi kviriT adre.
msxverplis identificirebis jgufis samdivno qalTa mi-
marT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis savaraudo msxver-
plisTvis statusis miniWebis an miniWebaze uaris Tqmis Sem-
TxvevaSi msxverplis identificirebis jgufis mier miRe-
bul gadawyvetilebasa da oqms dauyovnebliv gadascems ssip
saxelmwifo zrunvisa da trefikingis msxverplTa, dazara-
lebulTa daxmarebis saagentos.
qvemoT mocemuli cxrili Tanmimdevrulad aRwers
msxverplis identificirebis jgufisaTvis mimarTvisa da
saqmis ganxilvis procedurebs
218
3. Zaladobis msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawese-
buleba – TavSesafari da krizisuli centri
qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa

da maTi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis erT-erTi mTavari
instrumentia Zaladobis msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawese-
bulebebi, romlebic warmodgenilia TavSesafrebisa da kri-
zisuli centrebis saxiT. maT mier SeTavazebuli servisebi
mniSvnelovania, raTa msxverplma daaRwios Tavi Zaladobriv
garemos da moemzados Zaladobisgan Tavisufali da damou-
kidebeli cxovrebisaTvis.
TavSesafari da krizisuli centri Zaladobis savaraudo
msxverplisTvis/msxverplisTvis/dazaralebulisTvis uz-
runvelyofs sxvadasxva momsaxurebas, rogorebicaa:
1. sadReRamiso momsaxureba;
2. fsiqologiur-socialuri reabilitacia/daxmareba;
3. samedicino momsaxurebis organizeba/miReba (maT So-
ris, medikamentozuri);
4. samarTlebrivi daxmareba (iuridiuli konsultacia
da advokatireba);
219
5. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tarjimnis momsaxureba.
TavSesafari aris Zaladobis msxverplTa droebiTi sac-
xovrebeli adgili an saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritori-
ebidan devnilTa, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri
dacvis saministros sistemaSi an/da arasamewarmeo (arako-
merciuli) iuridiuli piris bazaze arsebuli msxverplTa
droebiTi ganTavsebis adgili, romelic emsaxureba msxver-
plTa fsiqologiur-socialur reabilitacias, iuridiul
da samedicino daxmarebas da dacvas.
saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan devnilTa,
Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros
sistemaSi arsebuli TavSesafari da krizisuli centri war-
moadgens sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris, saxelmwifo
zrunvisa da trefikingis msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dax-
marebis saagentos (SemdegSi – saagento), struqturul er-
Teuls.
arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris mier
TavSesafaris Seqmna dasaSvebia, Tu igi akmayofilebs saqar-
Tvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan devnilTa, Sromis,
janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros mier am
tipis dawesebulebisaTvis dadgenil minimalur standar-
tebs.
TavSesafris saqmianoba regulirdeba wesdebiT (Sinaga-
nawesiT), romelic gansazRvravs msxverplis TavSesafarSi
moTavsebisa da reabilitaciis wess.
msxverplis TavSesafarSi moTavseba xdeba 3 Tvemde va-
diT. es vada SesaZloa gagrZeldes TavSesafris wesdebiT
(SinaganawesiT) dadgenili wesiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca
msxverpls ar surs zemoaRniSnul periodze meti xniT iq
darCena. TavSesafarSi moTavsebis vadis amowurvis Semdeg,
msxverplis mimarT safrTxis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, TavSe-
safris administracia valdebulia, aRniSnulis Taobaze ac-
nobos samarTaldamcav organoebs Semdgomi reagirebis uz-
runvelsayofad.
qveynis masStabiT funqcionirebs 5 TavSesafari, romle-
bic ganTavsebulia TbilisSi, baTumSi, quTaisSi, siRnaRsa
220
da gorSi. TavSesafriT sargebloba SeuZlia qalTa mimarT
Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpls/dazarale-
buls an/da seqsualuri xasiaTis Zaladobis msxverpls/da-
zaralebuls da maTze damokidebul pirebs. Tbilisis TavSe-
safri emsaxureba aseve adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
msxverplebs/dazaralebulebsa da maTze damokidebul pi-
rebs, xolo baTumis adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebulebaSi (TavSesafarSi)
miiRebian adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverple-
bi/dazaralebulebi da maTze damokidebuli pirebi. saWiro-
ebis SemTxvevaSi qalTa mimarT an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis
an/da seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplebi/dazaralebulebi
(maTze damokidebul pirebTan erTad).
rogorc zemoaRniSnuli TavSesafrebis SinaganawesSia
miTiTebuli, damokidebuli piri aris Zaladobis msxver-
plis/dazaralebulis/savaraudo msxverplis 18 wlamde asa-
kis Svili, aseve piri, romlis kanonieri warmomadgenelic
aris Zaladobis msxverpli/dazaralebuli/savaraudo
msxverpli.
policia valdebulia, msxverplis moTxovniT, agreTve,
gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi msxverplis TanxmobiT, uzrunvel-
yos msxverplisa da masze damokidebuli piris TavSesafarSi
gadayvana. arsebuli praqtikiT, Tu msxverpli gamoTqvams
TavSesafarSi moTavsebis survils, rac xSirad xdeba Semaka-
vebeli orderis gamocemisas, policiis TanamSromeli ukav-
Sirdeba Zaladobisagan dacvis sakonsultacio cxeli xazs
116 006-s da arkvevs, Tu romel TavSesafarSia Tavisufali
adgili. SeTanxmebis Semdeg uzrunvelyofs msxverplisa da,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, masze damokidebuli piris TavSesa-
farSi gadayvanas. msxverplTa usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT,
TavSesafris konkretuli adgilsamyofeli konfidencia-
luria da misi ucxo pirebisaTvis gamJRavneba dauSvebelia.
TavSesafarSi piri ar miiReba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) Tu pirs (garda damokidebuli pirisa) ar aqvs adamia-
niT vaWrobis (trefikingis), qalTa mimarT Zaladobis
an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis an seqsualuri xasiaTis Zala-
221
dobis msxverplis/dazaralebulis statusi. pirma
msxverplis/dazaralebulis statusi SeiZleba SeiZi-
nos zemoaRniSnuli erT-erTi formiT (ix. me-5 Tavis
me-2 qveTavi);
b) uSualod misgan arsebobs sxva beneficiarebisaTvis
mniSvnelovani zianis miyenebis safrTxe;
g) hyavs Sinauri cxoveli an frinveli (kata, ZaRli da
sxv.) da iTxovs masTan erTad TavSesafarSi ganTavse-
bas;
d) Tu aris seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli/dazarale-
buli da uars acxadebs, Caitaros samedicino Semowme-
ba sqesobrivi gziT gadamdeb daavadebebze;
e) saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva
SemTxvevebSi.
TavSesafari ganTavsebul pirebs (beneficiarebs) usas-
yidlod uzrunvelyofs Semdegi momsaxurebebiT:
1. sadReRamiso momsaxureba (24 saaTiani sacxovrisiT);
2. fsiqologiur-socialuri reabilitacia/daxmareba;
3. samedicino momsaxureba;
4. samarTlebrivi daxmareba;
5. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tarjimnis momsaxureba;
6. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sxva momsaxureba.
TavSesafarSi adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis), aseve Za-
ladobis srulwlovani msxverplis/dazaralebulis (masze
damokidebul pirebTan erTad) ganTavseba SesaZlebelia
mxolod msxverplis/dazaralebulis TanxmobiT, xolo
arasrulwlovani msxverplis/dazaralebulis SemTxvevaSi
(romelmac TavSesafris momsaxurebiT unda isargeblos
martom, kanonieri warmomadgenlis gareSe) – meurveobisa da
mzrunvelobis organos momarTvisas, misi SuamdgomlobiT.
TavSesafris momsaxurebis miwodebis mizniT, saagentosa
da msxverpls/dazaralebuls Soris formdeba TavSesafris
momsaxurebiT sargeblobis xelSekruleba 3 Tvemde vadiT,
msxverplis/dazaralebulis statusis moqmedebis vadis
gaTvaliswinebiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac 14 wlamde
arasrulwlovanma msxverplma/dazaralebulma TavSesafris
222
momsaxurebiT unda isargeblos martom, kanonieri warmo-
madgenlis gareSe.
14 wlamde arasrulwlovani msxverplis/dazaralebulis
SemTxvevaSi (romelmac TavSesafris momsaxurebiT unda
isargeblos martom, kanonieri warmomadgenlis gareSe),
xelSekruleba formdeba araumetes 10 kalendaruli dRis
vadiT, arasrulwlovnis kanonier warmomadgenelTan, xolo
14-dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovnis SemTxvevaSi (romelmac
TavSesafris momsaxurebiT unda isargeblos martom, kano-
nieri warmomadgenlis gareSe) xelSekruleba formdeba
arasrulwlovnis kanonier warmomadgenelTan 3 Tvemde va-
diT, msxverplis/dazaralebulis statusis moqmedebis va-
dis gaTvaliswinebiT (mag., Tu pirma msxverplis statusi Se-
iZina Semakavebeli orderis safuZvelze da surs TavSesaf-
ris momsaxurebiT sargebloba, masTan xelSekruleba ga-
formdeba Semakavebeli orderis moqmedebis vadiT).
saqarTveloSi arsebuli TavSesafrebis SinaganawesiT
gaTvaliswinebulia xelSekrulebis vadis gagrZelebis Se-
saZlebloba. xelSekrulebis vadis gagrZeleba, 14 wlamde
arasrulwlovani dazaralebulis/msxverplis garda (rome-
lic TavSesafris momsaxurebiT sargeblobs marto, kanonie-
ri warmomadgenlis gareSe), SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu:
 srulad ar/ver moxerxda SemTxvevis marTvis (reabi-
litacia-reintegraciis) gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli
RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba;
 gamoikveTa axali RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis sa-
Wiroeba;
 msxverplis/dazaralebulis mimarT moZaladis/tre-
fikioris mxridan momdinareobs realuri safrTxe;
 adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) danaSaulze ar
aris dasrulebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe-
ba;
 multidisciplinuri gundis mier msxverplis/daza-
ralebulis SemTxvevis marTvis (reabilitacia-rein-
tegraciis) gegmis gadasinjva/SefasebaSi miTiTebu-
223
lia xelSekrulebis gagrZelebis dasabuTebuli sxva
saWiroeba.
xelSekrulebis vadis gagrZeleba SesaZlebelia damate-
biT araumetes 3-3 TviT, msxverplis/dazaralebulis sta-
tusis moqmedebis vadis gaTvaliswinebiT, xolo 14 wlamde
arasrulwlovani msxverplis/dazaralebulis SemTxvevaSi
(romelic TavSesafris momsaxurebiT sargeblobs marto, ka-
nonieri warmomadgenlis gareSe) – damatebiT 10 kalendaru-
li dRis vadiT, msxverplis/dazaralebulis statusis moq-
medebis vadis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Zaladobis msxverplisTvis TavSesafriT sargeblobis
vada SesaZlebelia gagrZeldes im SemTxvevaSic, Tu Zalado-
bis msxverplis statusis moqmedebis periodSi statusis
gagrZelebisTvis/dadgenisTvis dawyebuli procedurebi ar
aris dasrulebuli. am SemTxvevaSi vada gagrZeldeba proce-
durebis dasrulebamde, kerZod:
a) damcavi orderis gamocemis/gamocemaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde;
b) Zaladobis msxverplis statusis ganmsazRvreli jgu-
fis (msxverplis identificirebis jgufis) mier Zaladobis
savaraudo msxverplisTvis ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis
statusis miniWebis an miniWebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebamde.
xelSekrulebis moqmedebis saerTo vada (xelSekrulebis
gagrZelebis periodebis CaTvliT, maT Soris, saagentos
farglebSi moqmedi TavSesafridan TavSesafarSi referire-
bis SemTxvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT) ar unda aRematebodes 9
Tves, xolo 14 wlamde arasrulwlovani msxverplis/dazara-
lebulis SemTxvevaSi (romelic TavSesafris momsaxurebiT
sargeblobs marto, kanonieri warmomadgenlis gareSe), me-
urveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos Suamdgomlobis sa-
fuZvelze, 20 kalendarul dRes.
TavSesafris multidisciplinuri gundi (dawesebulebis
socialuri muSaki, fsiqologi, iuristi, medda, ZiZa) axor-
cielebs TavSesafris beneficiaris SemTxvevis marTvas, be-
neficiarTan dakavSirebiT gamovlenili problemebis iden-
224
tificirebas da msjelobs misi daZlevis gzebsa da saSuale-
bebze. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, multidiciplinuri gundis
muSaobaSi monawileobis miRebis mizniT, SesaZlebelia mow-
veul iqnes saagentos centraluri aparatis an saagentos
sxva struqturuli erTeulis Sesabamisi TanamSromeli/spe-
cialisti.
krizisuli centri aris savaraudo msxverplTa da
msxverplTa droebiTi ganTavsebis adgili, romelic emsaxu-
reba maT fsiqologiur-socialur reabilitacias, pirve-
lad da gadaudebel samedicino momsaxurebas da samar-
Tlebriv daxmarebas. krizisul centrSi piris da masze da-
mokidebuli pirebis ganTavseba SesaZlebelia msxverplis
statusis gansazRvramde da am statusis gansazRvris Sem-
deg, Tu msxverpli ar gamoTqvams sacxovreblad TavSesa-
farSi ganTavsebis survils da saWiroebs mxolod fsiqo-so-
cialur reabilitacias, pirvelad da gadaudebel samedici-
no momsaxurebas da samarTlebriv daxmarebas TavSesafarSi
cxovrebis gareSe.
krizisuli centri, TavSesafris msgavsad, iqmneba saqar-
Tvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan devnilTa, Sromis,
janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros sistema-
Si an/da arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piris bazaze. arasamewar-
meo iuridiuli piris mier Seqmnili krizisuli centri unda
akmayofilebdes saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebi-
dan devnilTa, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dac-
vis saministros mier am tipis dawesebulebisaTvis dadge-
nil minimalur standartebs, romlebic damtkicebulia mi-
nistris 2017 wlis 10 noembris №01-64/n brZanebiT.
saqarTvelos masStabiT krizisuli centri funqcioni-
rebs 5 qalaqSi, kerZod, TbilisSi, quTaisSi, marneulSi,
ozurgeTsa da gorSi. krizisuli centri (garda Tbilisis
Zaladobis msxverplTa momsaxurebis krizisuli centrisa)
warmoadgens dRis momsaxurebis centrs, sadac momsaxure-
bebis miReba SesaZlebelia yoveldRe, SabaT-kvirisa da sa-
qarTvelos moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli uqme
dReebis garda, 9 saaTidan 18 saaTamde.
225
krizisuli centris momsaxurebiT sargebloba SeuZliaT
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis an/da ada-
mianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) an/da seqsualuri Zaladobis
msxverpls/dazaralebuls/savaraudo msxverpls da maTze
damokidebul pirebs.
TavSesafrisgan gansxvavebiT, krizisuli centris momsa-
xurebiT sargebloba SeuZlia rogorc Zaladobis
msxverpls/dazaralebuls, ise savaraudo msxverpls damo-
kidebul pirebTan erTad. ZiriTadad, momsaxureba xorci-
eldeba beneficiarTa mier vizitebis ganxorcielebis gziT
(dRis momsaxurebebi), centrSi cxovrebis gareSe. Tumca ga-
monakliss warmoadgens Tbilisis Zaladobis msxverplTa
momsaxurebis krizisuli centri, romelic Zaladobis sava-
raudo msxverpls (masze damokidebul pirebTan erTad), sxva
momsaxurebebTan erTad, uzrunvelyofs droebiTi (sadRe-
Ramiso) sacxovrisis momsaxurebiT, xolo gadaudebeli au-
cileblobis SemTxvevaSi Zaladobis msxverplisTvis/daza-
ralebulisTvis da masze damokidebuli pirisTvis, saagen-
tos sxva struqturul erTeulSi – Zaladobis msxverplTa
momsaxurebis dawesebulebaSi (TavSesafarSi an krizisul
centrSi) referirebamde, droebiTi (araumetes 48 saaTisa)
sadReRamiso sacxovrisiT.
Tbilisis krizisuli centris bazaze funqcionirebs Za-
ladobisagan dacvis sakonsultacio cxeli xazi – 116 006,
romelic satelefono konsultaciebs uwevs qalTa mimarT
da ojaxSi Zaladobis, seqsualuri Zaladobisa da adamianiT
vaWrobis (trefikingis) sakiTxebiT dainteresebul pirebs
24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. zaris ganxorcieleba ufasoa da uz-
runvelyofilia konfidencialuroba, xolo konsultaciis
miReba SesaZlebelia 8 enaze (qarTuli, inglisuri, rusuli,
Turquli, azerbaijanuli, somxuri, arabuli da sparsuli
enebi). krizisul centrSi moqmedebs bavSvTa daxmarebis
ufaso „cxeli xazi“ – 111, romelic, bavSvis saukeTeso inte-
resebis gaTvaliswinebiT, axorcielebs individualuri da
226
situaciuri riskebis gamovlenas, Sefasebas, reagirebasa da
monitorings, samuSao dReebSi – 10:00-19:00 saaTebSi.
qvemoT mocemuli cxrili aRwers krizisuli centris
momsaxurebebs Zaladobis msxverplisTvis/dazaralebulis-
Tvis, aseve Zaladobis savaraudo msxverplisTvis Tbilisis
krizisuli centris magaliTze.
Kkrizisuli centris momsaxure- KTbilisis krizisuli centris
bebi Zaladobis msxverplis- momsaxurebebi Zaladobis
Tvis/dazaralebulisTvis savaraudo msxverplisTvis
1. fsiqologiur-socialuri 1. droebiTi (sadReRamiso) sacxov-
reabilitacia; risi (garda seqsualuri Zalado-
2. samedicino momsaxureba; bis savaraudo msxverplisa, roca
aseTi Zaladoba ar ganxorciele-
3. saEWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,
bula ojaxSi Zaladobis an/da
Tarjimnis momsaxureba;
adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikin-
4. saEWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sxva gis) niSniT)
momsaxureba
2. fsiqo-socialuri daxmareba;
3. pirveladi da gadaudebeli
samedicino momsaxureba;
4. samarTlebrivi daxmareba;
5. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,
Tarjimnis momsaxureba.
Zaladobis msxverplis/dazaralebulis mier krizisuli

centris momsaxurebiT sargeblobis vada
krizisuli centris mosmaxurebiT sargeblobis mizniT,
Zaladobis msxverpls/dazaralebuls da saagentos Soris
formdeba xelSekruleba 3 Tvemde vadiT, msxverplis/daza-
ralebulis statusis moqmedebis vadis gaTvaliswinebiT.
krizisuli centrebis Sinaganawesis Tanaxmad, SesaZlebe-
lia aRniSnuli vadis gagrZeleba, romlis saWiroebis Sefa-
sebisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes Semdegi garemoebebi:
1. im SemTxvevavSi, Tu msxverplTan/dazaralebulTan
xelSekruleba dadebulia 15 kalendarul dReze nak-
lebi vadiT, xelSekrulebis moqmedebis vadis amowur-
vamde, arauadres 2 samuSao dRisa, krizisuli centis
227
Sesabamisma TanamSromelma an multidisciplinurma
gundma unda gaaanalizos msxverplis/dazaralebulis
mdgomareoba;
2. Tu msxverplTan/dazaralebulTan xelSekruleba da-
debulia 15 kalendarul dReze meti vadiT, xelSek-
rulebis moqmedebis vadis amowurvamde, arauadres 3
samuSao dRisa, krizisuli centris TanamSromelma an
multidisciplinurma gundma unda gaaanalizos
msxverplis/dazaralebulis mdgomareoba.
zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, xelSek-
rulebis vada SesaZlebelia gagrZeldes araumetes 3 Tvis
vadiT, msxverplis/dazaralebulis statusis moqmedebis va-
dis Sesabamisad.
Zaladobis savaraudo msxverplis mier krizisuli cen-

tris momsaxurebiT sargeblobis vada
krizisuli centris momsaxurebiT sargeblobis mizniT,
saagentosa da Zaladobis savaraudo msxverpls Soris for-
mdeba xelSekruleba araumetes 12 samuSao dRis vadiT, seq-
sualuri Zaladobis (garda ojaxSi Zaladobis an/da adamia-
niT vaWrobis niSniT Cadenili savaraudo Zaladobis/danaSa-
ulis) savaraudo msxverplis garda. seqsualuri Zaladobis
savaraudo msxverplTan xelSekruleba formdeba 3 Tvemde
vadiT.
krizisuli centrebis Sinaganawesi iTvaliswinebs xel-
Sekrulebis vadis gagrZelebis SesaZleblobas mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, roca Zaladobis msxverplis statusis dadge-
nisTvis dawyebuli procedurebi ar aris dasrulebuli.
aseT SemTxvevaSi krizisuli centriT sargeblobis vada gag-
rZeldeba procedurebis dasrulebamde, kerZod:
a) damcavi orderis gamocemis/gamocemaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde;
b) msxverplis identificirebis jgufis/adamianiT vaW-
robis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZie-
bebis ganmaxorcielebel sauwyebaTaSoriso sakoor-
dinacio sabWosTan Seqmnili mudmivmoqmedi jgufis
228
mier Zaladobis savaraudo msxverplisTvis Zaladobis
msxverplis statusis miniWebis an miniWebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.
Zaladobis savaraudo msxverplis mier krizisuli cen-
tris momsaxurebis misaRebad momarTvis SemTxvevaSi, sxva
procedurebis gavlasTan erTad, savaldebuloa Zaladobis
savaraudo msxverplis identificirebis specialuri kiT-
xvaris Sevseba da kiTxvaris safuZvelze piris Zaladobis
savaraudo msxverplad gansazRvra. kiTxvaris safuZvelze
gadawydeba krizisuli centris dRis momsaxurebebis an/da
sadReRamiso droebiTi sacxovrisis (garda seqsualuri Za-
ladobis savaraudo msxverplisa, roca aseTi Zaladoba ar
ganxorcielebula ojaxSi Zaladobis an/da adamianiT vaWro-
bis (trefikingis) niSniT) momsaxurebis miwodebis mizanSe-
wonilobis sakiTxic. Tu specialuri kiTxvaris safuZvelze
piri cnobili iqneba Zaladobis savaraudo msxverplad da
dadgindeba sadReRamiso droebiTi sacxovrisis saWiroeba,
misi referireba moxdeba Tbilisis Zaladobis msxverplTa
momsaxurebis krizisul centrSi. Tu piri specialuri sai-
dentifikacio kiTxvaris safuZvelze ar iqneba miCneuli Za-
ladobis savaraudo msxverplad, igi ver miiRebs krizisuli
centris momsaxurebas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom savaraudo msxverpls/msxverpls Tav-
SesafarSi an krizisul centrSi moTavsebis SemTxvevaSi
unarCundeba samuSao adgili imave Tanamdebobaze. TavSesa-
farSi an krizisul centrSi yofnisas igi uflebamosilia
isargeblos SromiTi urTierTobis SeCerebis uflebiT,
romlis vada ar unda aRematebodes weliwadSi 30 kalenda-
rul dRes. „sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kano-
nis 55-e muxlis me-2 punqtis „v“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, moxe-
lis samsaxurebrivi uflebamosileba Cerdeba qalTa mimarT
Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis TavSesafar-
Si an krizisul centrSi moTavsebisas, Tu moxeles aRar Se-
uZlia samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesruleba, magram weli-
wadSi araumetes 30 kalendaruli dRisa. am SemTxvevaSi Sesa-
bamisi sajaro dawesebulebisaTvis Setyobinebis valdebu-
229
leba ekisreba moxelisaTvis momsaxurebis gamwev organiza-
cias.
230
Tavi VI. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis
sferoSi arsebuli saerTaSoriso da
regionuli instrumentebi
saerTaSoriso instrumentebi moicavs yvela dokumentsa

Tu gadawyvetilebas, romelic miRebulia saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis mier da aerTianebs adamianis uflebaTa
dacvis normebsa da principebs. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Za-
ladobis sferoSi miRebulma aqtebma msxverplTa dacvisa
da daxmarebis damatebiTi garantiebi da maT specifikaze
morgebuli meqanizmebi Seqmna.

brZolis ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso da regionuli
aqtebi _ zogadi mimoxilva
genderuli Tanasworobis miRwevisa da diskriminaciis

aRmofxvris erT-erTi yvelaze mZlavri dokumentia 1979
wels gaeros generaluri ansambleis mier miRebuli konven-
cia qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb
(CEDAW), romelsac saqarTvelo 1994 wels SeuerTda. igi mi-
uTiTebs, rom qalTa diskriminacia arRvevs Tanasworufle-
bianobisa da adamianuri Rirsebis pativiscemis principebs,
abrkolebs mamakacTan Tanabrad qalis monawileobas Tavisi
qveynis politikur, socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul
cxovrebaSi, xels uSlis sazogadoebrivi da ojaxuri ke-
TildReobis gaumjobesebas da kidev ufro arTulebs qal-
Ta SesaZleblobebis srulad gamovlenas qveynisa da kacob-
riobis sakeTildReod.
aRsaniSnavia, rom konvenciis me-17 muxlis safuZvelze
Seiqmna qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komiteti
(SemdegSi, CEDAW komiteti), romlis mizania, monitoringi
gauwios konvenciis aRsrulebis process da Seafasos erov-
nuli kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis Sesabamisoba konvenci-
231
is moTxovnebTan, anu komiteti zedamxedvelobas uwevs, ro-
gor asruleben saxelmwifoebi konvenciiT gaTvaliswine-
bul valdebulebebs.
konvenciis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, misi miznebisaTvis,
cneba „qalTa mimarT diskriminacia“ niSnavs nebismier gan-
sxvavebas, gamonaklissa da SezRudvas sqesis niSniT, rome-
lic miznad isaxavs (an Sedegad mosdevs), Seasustos da gamo-
ricxos qalTa mier, maTi ojaxuri mdgomareobis miuxeda-
vad, mamakacTa da qalTa Tanasworobis safuZvelze, poli-
tikur, ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul, samoqalaqo an
nebismier sxva dargSi adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi
Tavisuflebebis aRiareba, sargebloba an ganxorcieleba.
amave konvenciis me-5 muxlis Tanaxmad, monawile saxelmwi-
foebma unda miiRon yvela Sesabamisi zoma, raTa Secvalon
mamakacTa da qalTa qcevis socialuri da kulturuli mo-
deli crurwmenaTa aRmofxvrisa da yvela im Cveulebisa da
praqtikis gauqmebis miRwevis mizniT, romelic erT-erTi
sqesis arasrulfasovnebis an upiratesobis, an/da mamakace-
bisa da qalebis rolis stereotipul ideas efuZneba.
konvencia ar Seicavs debulebebs genderuli Zaladobis
Sesaxeb, Tumca CEDAW komitetis mier 1992 wels miRebuli
iqna me-19 zogadi rekomendacia, 182 romlis Tanaxmad, konven-
ciis pirvel muxlSi mocemuli diskriminaciis ganmarteba
moicavs genderul Zaladobas, romelic mimarTulia qalis
winaaRmdeg imis gamo, rom is qalia, an romelic arapropor-
ciulad damazianebel mdgomareobaSi ayenebs qalebs, anu
romelsac ufro xSirad qalebi ganicdian. aRniSnuli qmede-
bebi moicavs fizikur, mentalur an seqsualur zians an tan-
jvas, aseTi qmedebebis muqaras, iZulebasa da Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis sxva formebs. genderulma Zaladobam SesaZloa da-
arRvios konvenciis calkeuli regulaciebi, imis miuxeda-
vad, aRniSnuli qmedebebi sityva-sityviT aris Tu ara gaTva-
liswinebuli konvenciis Sesabamis debulebebSi. zogadi re-
182 General recommendation No. 19: Violence against women, 1992, ix.
https://bit.ly/2L2bFQu [05.01.2021].
232
komendacia ganmartavs konvenciis pirvel muxls qalTa dis-
kriminaciasTan dakavSirebiT da miuTiTebs, rom diskrimina-
ciad CaiTvleba genderuli Zaladoba, romelic aferxebs an
SeuZlebels xdis qalTa mier saerTaSoriso samarTliTa da
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi arsebuli konvencie-
biT gaTvaliswinebuli adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da
TavisuflebebiT sargeblobas, romelsac ganekuTvneba, maT
Soris, sicocxlis ufleba, Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoe-
bis ufleba, ojaxur cxovrebaSi Tanasworobis ufleba, maq-
simalurad xelmisawvdomi fizikuri da fsiqikuri janmrTe-
lobis ufleba da a.S. 183
rekomendacia dasaqmebis adgilze seqsualur Seviwroe-
bazec amaxvilebs yuradRebas da miuTiTebs, rom dasaqmebis
sferoSi mniSvnelovnad izRudeba Tanasworoba, rodesac
qali xdeba genderuli niSniT Zaladobis, maT Soris, seqsua-
luri Seviwroebis, msxverpli. seqsualuri Seviwroeba moi-
cavs arasasurveli seqsualuri xasiaTis qcevas, maT Soris,
fizikur kontaqts, seqsualuri Sinaarsis gancxadebebs,
pornografiis Cvenebasa da seqsualuri xasiaTis moTxov-
nebs, verbaluri Tu araverbaluri (arasityvieri) gziT. am-
gvari midgoma damamcirebelia da SeiZleba gamoiwvios jan-
mrTelobasa da usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli probleme-
bi. 184
CEDAW komiteti saxelmwifoebs mouwodebs, rom uzrun-
velyon qalebis Zaladobisagan, maT Soris, gaupatiurebis,
seqsualuri da genderuli Zaladobis sxva formebisagan
dacva. msxverplebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi unda iyos dacvisa
da daxmarebis meqanizmebi, mniSvnelovania samarTaldamcavi
da sasamarTlo organoebisa da sxva oficialuri pirebisaT-
vis genderulad mgrZnobiare swavlebisa da treningebis Ca-
tareba. saxelmwifoebma xeli unda Seuwyon statistikis Seg-
183 General recommendation No. 19: Violence against women, General comments, §6-7,
1992, ix. https://bit.ly/2L2bFQu [05.01.2021].
184 General recommendation No. 19: Violence against women, Comments on specific
articles of the Convention, Article 11, §17-18, 1992, ix. https://bit.ly/2L2bFQu
[05.01.2021].
233
rovebas da unda uzrunvelyon Zaladobis masStabebis, mize-
zebisa da Sedegebis Sinaarsobrivi analizi da Zaladobis
prevenciisa da aRmofxvris mizniT ganxorcielebuli aqti-
vobebis Sefaseba. efeqtiani zomebi unda iqnes miRebuli me-
diaSi qalTa uflebebis dacvisa da xelSewyobis mizniT. sa-
xelmwifoebma unda danergon saganmanaTleblo da sainfor-
macio programebi im crurwmenebis aRmosafxvrelad, rom-
lebic xels uSlis qalTa Tanasworobas. Zaladobis msxver-
plebs xeli unda miuwvdebodeT samarTlebrivi dacvis meqa-
nizmebze, unda arsebobdes saCivris ganxilvis efeqturi
procedurebi, maT Soris, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos kom-
pensaciis miRebis SesaZlebloba da a.S. 185
aRsaniSnavia, rom diskriminacia ar moicavs mxolod sa-
xelmwifos mier ganxorcielebul qmedebebs, Sesabamisad,
konvenciis me-2 muxlis „e“ punqti saxelmwifoebs avaldebu-
lebs, rom yvela zoma miiRon qalTa winaaRmdeg nebismieri
piris, organizaciisa Tu dawesebulebis mier ganxorciele-
buli diskriminaciis aRmofxvris mizniT. amdenad, saxelmwi-
fos pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi SesaZloa dadges kerZo pire-
bis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis SemTxvevaSic, Tuki
saxelmwifo ar miiRebs saTanado zomebs, Tavidan aicilos
aRniSnuli uflebebis darRveva an gamoiZios da dasajos Za-
ladobrivi qmedebebis Camdeni pirebi da uzrunvelyos
msxverplebisaTvis saTanado kompensaciis miReba. 186
mogvianebiT, me-19 zogadi rekomendaciis miRebidan 25
wlis Tavze, CEDAW komitetma miiRo 35-e zogadi rekomenda-
cia, romelic avsebs da aaxlebs monawile saxelmwifoebis-
Tvis №19 rekomendaciaSi Camoyalibebul saxelmZRvanelo
principebs, ris gamoc igi wakiTxuli unda iqnes aRniSnul
rekomendaciasTan erTad. 187 35-e rekomendaciam gaiTvalis-
185 General recommendation No. 19: Violence against women, Specific recommenda-
tions, §24, 1992, ix. https://bit.ly/2L2bFQu [05.01.2021].
186 General recommendation No. 19: Violence against women, General comments, §9,
1992, ix. https://bit.ly/2L2bFQu [05.01.2021].
187 General recommendation No. 35 on gender-based violence against women, updating
general recommendation No. 19, 2017, ix. https://bit.ly/3nmp7Mk [05.01.2021].
234
wina sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo xeli-
suflebis doneze gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi. kerZod, saka-
nonmdeblo doneze saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaT, miiRon qa-
lebisa da gogoebis mimarT genderuli Zaladobis yvela
formis amkrZalavi kanonmdebloba da Sidasaxelmwifoebri-
vi kanonmdebloba SesabamisobaSi moiyvanon konvenciis moT-
xovnebTan, maT Soris, unda gauqmdes yvela is norma, rome-
lic religiuri, CveulebiTi an sxva tradiciis gavleniT uS-
vebs diskriminacias da xels uwyobs an amarTlebs qalTa mi-
marT genderul Zaladobas an amkvidrebs amgvari qmedebebis
dausjelobas; aRmasrulebel doneze saxelmwifoebma unda
danergon xelmisawvdomi da adekvaturi momsaxurebebi gen-
deruli Zaladobisgan qalebis dasacavad, Tavidan aicilon
Zaladobis ganmeorebiTi SemTxvevebi da uzrunvelyon yve-
la msxverplisaTvis zianis anazRaureba, unda aRmofxvran
imgvari instituciuri praqtika da sajaro moxeleTa iseTi
idividualuri qceva, romelic warmoadgens qalTa mimarT
genderul Zaladobas an maT mimarT iCens Semwynareblur da-
mokidebulebas; sasamarTlo doneze yvela sasamarTlo or-
gano valdebulia, Tavi Seikavos qalTa mimarT nebismieri
diskriminaciuli moqmedebis an genderuli Zaladobis Cade-
nisgan, zedmiwevniT gamoiyenos sisxlis samarTlis debule-
bebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs am saxis Zaladobis dasjas da
uzrunvelyos, yvela samarTlebrivi procedura qalTa mi-
marT savaraudo genderuli Zaladobis SemTxvevebSi iyos
miukerZoebeli da samarTliani da maTze ar moqmedebdes
genderuli stereotipebi an samarTlebrivi debulebebis
diskriminaciuli interpretacia. winaswar Camoyalibebul-
ma Sexedulebebma da stereotipulma warmodgenebma imis Se-
saxeb, Tu ras warmoadgens qalis mimarT genderuli Zalado-
ba, rogori unda iyos qalis reaqcia aseT Zaladobaze da Za-
ladobis SemTxvevis namdvilobis damadasturebeli mtkice-
bis standartisadmi wayenebulma moTxovnebma SeiZleba gav-
lena moaxdinos qalTa uflebebze kanonis winaSe Tanaswo-
rad sargeblobis, samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvisa da
235
samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani saSualebebis gamoyenebis
kuTxiT. 188
radgan qalTa mimarT Zaladoba da ojaxSi Zaladoba aris
qalis diskriminaciis forma, rekomendaciis mixedviT, es ki-
dev ufro aSkaras xdis da aRrmavebs Zaladobas, rogorc so-
cialur da ara individualur problemas, romelic saWiro-
ebs yovelmxriv da ara mxolod konkretul SemTxvevebze,
calkeul damnaSaveebsa da msxverplebze mimarTul reagire-
bas. 189
2015 wels CEDAW komitetma ganixila saqme „X da Y saqar-
Tvelos winaaRmdeg“, romelmac SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mniS-
vnelovani roli Seasrula saqarTveloSi Sesabamisi kanon-
mdeblobis miRebisa da saxelmwifo organoebSi arsebuli
xarveziani praqtikebis gadaxedvis/Secvlis Tvalsazri-
siT. 190
saqme exeboda genderuli niSniT qalisa da misi arasrul-
wlovani Svilebis mimarT meuRlis mier ganxorcielebul
fizikur da seqsualur Zaladobas. qali acxadebda, rom igi
gaaupatiura mamakacma erT-erT studentur wveulebaze,
ris Semdegac igi iZulebuli gaxda daqorwinebuliyo aRniS-
nul pirze. vinaidan qarTuli sazogadoeba qalwulobas mi-
iCnevda axalgazrda qalis Rirsebad, qals sjeroda, rom aR-
niSnuli incidentis Semdeg masTan daqorwinebas aravin
isurvebda. qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi qalma 5 Svili gaaCina.
momCivani qali acxadebda, rom misi qmari xSirad ukmayofi-
lo iyo colis saojaxo saqmianobiT da Riziandeboda, roca
misi miTiTebebi ar sruldeboda. konfliqtebi warmoiSobo-
da wvrilman sayofacxovrebo sakiTxebze da Zaladobrivi

general recommendation No. 19, III – General obligations of States parties under the
Convention relating to gender-based violence against women, §26, 2017, ix.
https://bit.ly/3nmp7Mk [05.01.2021].
general recommendation No. 19, II – Scope, §9, 2017, ix. https://bit.ly/3nmp7Mk
[05.01.2021].
190 X and Y v. Georgia, Communication No. 24/2009, August 25, 2015, ix.
https://bit.ly/2XpatsY [10.01.2021].
236
incidentebiT sruldeboda. igi miuTiTebda, rom qmris
mxridan fizikur Zaladobas ganicdida 1996 wlidan. mamaka-
ci ramdenjerme fizikurad gausworda mis vaJiSvilsac. zo-
gadad, mamakaci Zaladobrivad reagirebda, Tu bavSvebi Ta-
maSis dros Cxubobdnen, igi uyviroda maT, anjRrevda Zalis
gamoyenebiT da sapirfareSoSi ketavda.
qalis mier policiasa da prokuraturaSi araerTi gan-
cxadebis wardgenis miuxedavad, ar momxdara Sesabamisi rea-
gireba, kerZod, ar dawyebula gamoZieba da moZaladis mi-
marT saTanado zomebi ar gatarebula, rac rig SemTxvevaSi
ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom qalma ukan gaitana Tavisi saCi-
vari. qalis saCivari ganixileboda, rogorc kerZo bralde-
bis saqme. policiam, qalis mimarT ganxorcielebuli fizi-
kuri Zaladobis sapasuxod, ramdenjerme moZaladis mimarT
gamoiyena werilobiTi gafrTxileba – daavaldebula qmari,
aRar ganexorcielebina Zaladoba sakuTari ojaxis wevrebis
mimarT, rac ar warmoadgens qalis fizikuri Zaladobisgan
dacvis proporciul da adekvatur meqanizms da ar gaaCnia
Sesasruleblad savaldebulo Zala.
momCivani acxadebda, rom misi qmari fizikur da seqsua-
lur Zaladobas axorcielebda maTi ori wlis qaliSvilis
mimarT. aRniSnulis Taobaze prokuraturis informirebis
miuxedavad, gamoZieba arc am SemTxvevaSi dawyebula.
gamoZiebis dawyebaze uaris Tqmis sxvadasxva mizezTan
erTad sagamoZiebo organo miuTiTebda, rom mamakaci dade-
biTad fasdeboda mezoblebisa da biznespartniorebis mier,
ris gamoc qalis saCivars dausabuTeblad miiCnevda.
mocemuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi da maTze saxelmwifo
uwyebebis mxridan ganxorcielebuli „reagirebis xarisxi“
naTlad miuTiTebda rogorc erovnuli kanonmdeblobis, ise
Sesabamisi organoebis politikis/saqmianobis problematu-
robasa da diskriminaciul damokidebulebas qalTa da bav-
SvTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevebis
mimarT. im dros, roca xorcieldeboda Zaladoba, saxelmwi-
fos ar hqonda samarTlebrivi normebi da sakanonmdeblo ba-
za ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg efeqturad sabrZolvelad.
237
saqmis gacnobis Sedegad komitetma miiCnia, rom saxel-
mwifom ver Seasrula dakisrebuli valdebuleba, gaetare-
bina Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo da sxva saxis RonisZiebebi,
maT Soris, sanqciebi, romlebic akrZalavda qalTa winaaR-
mdeg Zaladobas, rogorc qalTa diskriminaciis erT-erT
formas. komitetma miuTiTa, rom saxelmwifom ar Seasrula
valdebuleba – gaetarebina yvela Sesabamisi RonisZieba, ra-
Ta Seecvala qalisa da mamakacis qcevis socialuri da kul-
turuli normebi imisaTvis, rom aRmofxvriliyo cru Sexe-
dulebebi da Cvevebi, romlebic efuZneboda romelime sqe-
sis warmomadgenlisaTvis upiratesobis miniWebas, araxel-
sayrel mdgomareobaSi Cayenebas meore sqesTan mimarTebiT
an qalisa da mamakacis stereotipul rols.
komitetma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvila imaze,
rom policia moZalades xelwerils awerinebda, rom moma-
valSi igive qmedebas aRar Caidenda. komitetis SefasebiT,
aseTi xelwerilebi ar iyo samarTlebrivad mboWavi da, Sesa-
bamisad, ar sruldeboda. prokuraturam, gamoZiebis dawye-
bisa da damnaSavis dasjis nacvlad, meuRleebs Soris media-
toris roli Seasrula, xolo Zaladobis msxverpls saqmes-
Tan dakavSirebul mtkicebis tvirTTan mimarTebiT, zedme-
tad gadaWarbebuli moTxovnebi daakisra.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, komitetma saxelmwifos
Semdegi zogadi rekomendaciebis Sesruleba daakisra, ker-
Zod:
 uzrunvelyos ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplebi da maTi
Svilebi drouli da saTanado daxmarebiT, maT Soris,
TavSesafriTa da fsiqologis mxardaWeriT;
 gaaZlieros cnobadobis asamaRlebeli kampaniebi da
daamkvidros nulovani tolerantobis politika qal-
Ta mimarT da ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT;
 moaxdinos „qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zala-
dobis prevenciisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb“ evropis sab-
Wos konvenciis ratificireba;
238
 mosamarTleebis, advokatebisa da samarTaldamcavi
uwyebis, maT Soris, prokuraturis warmomadgenle-
bisTvis Caataros savaldebulo treningebi, romle-
bic Seexeba ojaxSi Zaladobis prevencias, genderul
stereotipebs, konvenciisa da komitetis zogadi re-
komendaciebis, gansakuTrebiT me-19 rekomendaciis
ganmartebas da a.S.
aRsaniSnavia, rom pirveli regionuli aqti qalTa mimarT
ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT aris 1994 wlis inter-ameriku-
li konvencia (Belem Do Para) qalTa mimarT Zaladobis Tavi-
dan acilebis, dasjisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb, romelic gansaz-
Rvravs qalTa uflebebs, raTa maT icxovron Zaladobisgan
Tavisufal garemoSi. konvenciis pirveli muxli qalTa mi-
marT Zaladobas ganmartavs, rogorc genderze dafuZnebul
nebismier aqtsa da qcevas, romelic iwvevs sikvdils an fi-
zikur, seqsualur an fsiqologiur zians an tanjvas, saja-
ro (sazogadoebriv), Tu kerZo sferoSi. 191
meore regionul xelSekrulebas warmoadgens 2003 wels
miRebuli adamianisa da xalxTa uflebebis afrikuli qarti-
is oqmi afrikaSi qalTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, romelic qalTa
mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvras cxovrebis yvela aspeqtSi
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mniSvnelo-
van winapirobad ganixilavs da monawile saxelmwifoebs mou-
wodebs, SeimuSaon iseTi sakanonmdeblo, administraciuli,
socialuri da ekonomikuri meqanizmebi, romlebic aucile-
belia qalTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zaladobis yvela for-
mis prevenciis, dasjisa da aRmofxvrisaTvis. 192
mesame regionul instruments warmoadgens „qalTa mi-
marT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciisa da aR-
kveTis Sesaxeb“ evropis sabWos konvencia (stambolis kon-
vencia), romelic mis winamorbed aqtebsa da adamianis ufle-
191 Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of

Violence against Women (Belém do Pará), 1994, ix. https://bit.ly/2XcVfXS
[05.01.2021].
192 Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women
in Africa, July 11, 2003, Article 4.2 (b), ix. https://bit.ly/38y5ZXm [05.01.2021].
239
baTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikas efuZneba da gvTava-
zobs axal da Tanamedrove xedvas qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi
Zaladobis sferoSi. 193 igi aris centraluri regionuli me-
qanizmi, romelic 2011 wels iqna miRebuli. saqarTvelom aR-
niSnuli konvenciis ratificireba 2017 wlis 5 aprils moax-
dina, romelic amave wlis pirvel seqtembers Sevida ZalaSi.
konvenciis preambulaSi miTiTebulia, rom qalTa mimarT
Zaladoba aris istoriulad qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris
ZalTa uTanasworobis gamovlena, romelmac migviyvana mama-
kacebis mxridan qalebis mimarT diskriminaciamde da maT
dominirebamde da xeli SeuSala sruli Tanasworuflebia-
nobis ganxorcielebas. konvencia aRiarebs qalTa mimarT Za-
ladobas, rogorc genderuli niSniT Cadenili Zaladobis
struqturul bunebas, da miiCnevs, rom Zaladoba aris erT-
erTi mTavari socialuri meqanizmi, romlis saSualebiTac
qalebi iZulebulni arian, daikavon mamakacebTan SedarebiT
daqvemdebarebuli mdgomareoba.
konvencia miiCnevs, rom qalebi da gogoebi imyofebian
maT mimarT genderuli niSniT Zaladobis Cadenis ufro ma-
Rali riskis qveS, vidre mamakacebi. ojaxSi Zaladobas gaci-
lebiT xSirad eqvemdebarebian qalebi, Tumca mamakacebic
SeiZleba gaxdnen ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplni. ojaxSi Za-
ladobis msxverpli SeiZleba gaxdes bavSvic, pirdapiri Tu
arapirdapiri gziT, maT Soris, maSinac, roca igi ojaxSi Za-
ladobis mowmea.
aRniSnuli suliskveTebis gaTvaliswinebiT, konvenciis
mizans warmoadgens:
 qalebis Zaladobis yvela formisagan dacva, Zalado-
bis aRkveTa da moZaladeTa mimarT sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi devnis ganxorcieleba, qalTa mimarT da
ojaxSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris mizniT;
 qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmof-
xvris xelSewyoba da qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris rea-
193 kurtaniZe m., abramiSvili n., pataraia b., femicidi – diskriminaciuli

danaSauli da masTan brZolis saxelmwifo valdebuleba, 2016, 15, ix.
https://bit.ly/2L8HqaG [05.01.2021].
240
luri Tanasworobis Camoyalibeba, maT Soris, qale-
bisTvis SesaZleblobebis gazrdis gziT;
 kompleqsuri midgomebis SemuSaveba da Sesabamisi zo-
mebis miReba qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Za-
ladobis msxverplTa dasacavad da dasaxmareblad;
 saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis uzrunvelyofa qal-
Ta mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris mizniT;
 samarTaldamcavi organoebisa da sxva instituciebis
mxardaWera da daxmareba qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Za-
ladobis aRmosafxvrelad kompleqsuri midgomebis
SesamuSaveblad.
amdenad, konvenciis wevrma qveynebma, maT Soris, saqar-
Tvelom, aiRes valdebuleba, erovnul doneze uzrunvel-
yon qalebis da mamakacebis Tanasworoba qalTa mimarT da
ojaxSi Zaladobisgan Tavisufali garemos Seqmnis gziT.
konvencia CamoTvlis Zaladobis/danaSaulis im formebs,
romelTa Cadenac sisxlis samarTlis wesiT unda iyos das-
jadi, kerZod: 194
 fsiqologiuri Zaladoba – winaswarganzraxuli qce-
va, romelic adamianze seriozul fsiqologiur ze-
moqmedebas axdens iZulebis an muqaris gamoyenebiT;
 adevneba – piris mimarT mravaljeradi muqaris Sem-
cveli qceviT gamoxatuli winaswarganzraxuli qceva,
romelic masSi safrTxis SiSs iwvevs;
 fizikuri Zaladoba – piris mimarT fizikuri aqtebis
CadeniT gamoxatuli winaswarganzraxuli qceva;
 seqsualuri Zaladoba, maT Soris, gaupatiureba –
winaswarganzraxuli qcevis iseTi formebi, rogori-
caa:
- sxva adamianis sxeulSi, misi Tanxmobis gareSe, 195
seqsualuri xasiaTis vaginaluri, analuri an ora-
194 evropis sabWos konvencia „qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zala-

dobis prevenciisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb“, 2011, muxlebi: 33-39.
241
luri SeRwevis ganxorcieleba sxeulis nebismieri
nawilis an sagnis gamoyenebiT;
- adamianTan, misi Tanxmobis gareSe, seqsualuri xa-
siaTis sxva aqtebis ganxorcieleba;
- sxva adamianis iZuleba, misi Tanxmobis gareSe, me-
same pirTan ganaxorcielos seqsualuri xasiaTis
aqtebi.
 qorwinebis iZuleba – winaswarganzraxuli qceva,
romelic zrdasrul adamians an bavSvs aiZulebs qor-
winebaSi Sesvlas;
 qalis sasqeso organoebis dasaxiCreba – winaswar-
ganzraxuli qceva, romelic iTvaliswinebs:
- qalis didi sasircxvo bageebis, mcire sasircxvo
bageebis an klitoris mTlian an nawilobriv amok-
veTas, infibulacias an sxva nebismieri saxiT dasa-
xiCrebas;
- qalis/gogonas iZulebas an dayoliebas, aseve go-
gonas waqezebas im mizniT, rom mas Cautardes ze-
moaRniSnuli romelime manipulacia.
 iZulebiTi aborti da iZulebiTi sterilizacia –
winaswarganzraxuli qcevis iseTi formebi, romlebic
iTvaliswinebs:
- qalisTvis abortis gakeTebas winaswari da infor-
mirebuli Tanxmobis gareSe;
- iseTi qirurgiuli operaciis Catarebas, romelic
miznad isaxavs an iwvevs qalis bunebrivi repro-
duqciis unaris Sewyvetas misi winaswari an infor-
mirebuli Tanxmobis an am procedurebis gaazre-
bis gareSe.
zemoaRniSnulis garda, konvencia sisxlis samarTlis an
sxva saxis samarTlebrivi sanqciebis dawesebas iTvaliswi-
195 Tanxmobis micema unda moxdes nebayoflobiT, pirovnebis nebis Tavi-

sufali gamoxatvis Sedegad, garemomcveli pirobebis gaTvaliswine-
biT.
242
nebs seqsualuri Seviwroebis CadenisaTvis, romelic gu-
lisxmobs seqsualuri xasiaTis nebismieri formis arasa-
survel sityvier, arasityvier an fizikur qcevas, romelic
miznad isaxavs an iwvevs adamianis Rirsebis Selaxvas, ker-
Zod, misTvis damaSinebeli, mtruli, damamcirebeli, Seu-
racxmyofeli an agresiuli garemos Seqmnis gziT. 196
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT kriminalize-
bulia zemoaRniSnuli qmedebebi, aseve arsebobs arasisxlis-
samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi seqsualur Seviwroebaze reagi-
rebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca gamonakliss warmoadgens seq-
sualuri Zaladoba, maT Soris, gaupatiureba, vinaidan sa-
qarTvelos kanonmdebloba ver akmayofilebs stambolis
konvenciis moTxovnebs gaupatiurebisa da seqsualuri Za-
ladobis sxva danaSaulebis definiciebTan mimarTebiT. ker-
Zod, stambolis konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, sqesobrivi xasiaTis danaSaulebi
ar iTvaliswinebs msxverplis Tavisufali da nebayoflobi-
Ti Tanxmobis ararsebobas, rogorc danaSaulis definiciis
Semadgenel mTavar elements.
Zaladobis/danaSaulis Semadgenlobebis gansazRvris
garda, konvencia CamoTvlis im garemoebebs, romlebic mxed-
velobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis
damamZimebeli garemoebebi, ganaCenis gamotanis dros, ker-
Zod:
a) danaSauli Cadenili iyo yofili an amJamindeli meuR-
lis an partnioris mimarT, rogorc es aRiarebulia
Sida kanonmdeblobiT, ojaxis wevris mier, msxver-
plTan erTad mcxovrebi piris mier an im piris mier,
romelmac borotad gamoiyena Tavisi Zalaufleba;
b) danaSauli an masTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebi Cade-
nil iqna araerTgzis;
g) danaSauli Cadenili iyo im piris mimarT, romelic
mowyvladia garkveuli garemoebebis gamo;

dobis prevenciisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb“, 2011, muxli 40.
243
d) danaSauli Cadenili iyo bavSvis mimarT an bavSvis Tan-
daswrebiT;
e) danaSaulis Cadenili iyo ori an meti adamianis mier,
romlebic moqmedebdnen erToblivad (jgufurad);
v) danaSauls win uswrebda an Tan sdevda ukiduresad ma-
Rali donis Zaladoba;
z) danaSauli Cadenili iyo iaraRiT an iaraRis muqaris
gamoyenebiT;
T) danaSaulma mZime fizikuri an fsiqologiuri travma
miayena msxverpls;
i) damnaSave adrec yofila nasamarTlevi msgavsi xasia-
Tis danaSaulisaTvis. 197
mocemuli damamZimebeli garemoebebi asaxulia saqarTve-
los sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis calkeul debulebebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom konvencia iTvaliswinebs monitoringis
konkretul meqanizms, romlis mizania, Seafasos, ramdenad
efeqturad da srulyofilad asruleben mxareebi konvenci-
iT nakisr valdebulebebs. mxareebis mier konvenciis Sesru-
lebis monitorings axorcielebs qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa
da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebebze mo-
muSave eqspertTa jgufi – „grevio“. igi Sedgeba minimum 10
da maqsimum 15 wevrisgan, genderuli da geografiuli ba-
lansisa da multidisciplinuri gamocdilebis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT. „grevios“ wevrebs 4 wlis vadiT irCevs mxareTa komi-
teti mxareebis mier wardgenili kandidatebidan. 198 konven-
cia aseve iTvaliswinebs mxareTa komitetis Seqmnas, rome-
lic aris politikuri organo da monitoringis sistemis ki-
dev erTi struqturuli erTeuli. mxareTa komitetis Se-
madgenlobaSi arian konvenciis monawile mxareTa warmomad-
genlebi. mxareTa komitets pirvelad iwvevs evropis sabWos
generaluri mdivani. misi pirveli sxdoma imarTeba konven-
ciis ZalaSi Sesvlidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi „grevios“

244
wevrebis arCevis mizniT, xolo komiteti momdevno sxdomebs
marTavs mxareTa erTi mesamedis, mxareTa komitetis prezi-
dentis an generaluri mdivnis moTxovniT. 199
rac Seexeba monitoringisa da Sefasebis proceduras,
mxareebi evropis sabWos generalur mdivans warudgenen an-
gariSs, „grevios“ mier momzadebuli kiTxvaris safuZvelze,
im sakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic uzrun-
velyofen konvenciis debulebebis amoqmedebas. „grevio“
aRniSnul angariSs ganixilavs Sesabamisi mxaris warmomad-
genlebTan erTad. Sefasebis Semdgomi procedurebi dayo-
filia etapebad, romelTa xangrZlivobas gansazRvravs
„grevio“. yoveli etapis dasawyisSi „grevio“ arCevs konkre-
tul debulebebs, romelTa safuZvelzec unda Catardes Se-
fasebis procedura da agzavnis kiTxvars. mxareebi pasuxo-
ben am kiTxvars da informaciis Taobaze „grevios“ mxridan
Semosul nebismier moTxovnas. mxareebis garda, „greviom“
konvenciis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli informacia
SeiZleba miiRos arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan, samoqa-
laqo sazogadoebidan da adamianis uflebaTa damcveli
erovnuli organoebidan.
Semdeg etapze „grevio“ amzadebs angariSis proeqts, ro-
melic moicavs im debulebebis Sesrulebis analizs, romel-
sac efuZneba Sefaseba, amzadebs mosazrebebsa da winadade-
bebs imis Taobaze, Tu ra gziT SeuZlia Sesabamis mxares ga-
movlenili problemebis mogvareba. angariSis proeqti ko-
mentarebisTvis egzavneba im mxares, romelsac utardeba Se-
faseba.
sabolood, yvela miRebuli informaciisa da mxareTa ko-
mentarebis safuZvelze, „grevio“ amzadebs angariSs imis Ta-
obaze, Tu ra zomebi miiRo Sesabamisma mxarem konvenciis de-
bulebebis Sesasruleblad. angariSi egzavneba Sesabamis mxa-
res da mxareTa komitets. „grevios“ angariSi, Sesabamisi mxa-

245
ris saboloo komentarebTan erTad, qveyndeba damtkicebis-
Tanave. 200
aRsaniSnavia, rom monitoringis procesSi monawileobs
erovnuli parlamentic, Sesabamisad, konvenciam gansazRvra
mxareTa valdebuleba, erovnuli parlamentic CarTon kon-
venciis ganxorcielebis mizniT gatarebul RonisZiebaTa
monitoringis procesSi da warudginon „grevios“ angariSe-
bi konsultaciis gamarTvis mizniT. 201
amdenad, „qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aR-
mofxvris Sesaxeb“ konvencia da sami regionuli xelSekru-
leba warmoadgens mniSvnelovan regionul CarCos, aseve ada-
mianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli sa-
marTli, romelic gansazRvravs qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Za-
ladobis winaRmdeg brZolis Tanmimdevrul da efeqtian po-
litikas. 202
1993 wels gaeros generaluri ansambleis mier miRebul
iqna deklaracia „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvris Sesa-
xeb“ 203, romelic stambolis konvenciis msgavsad miuTiTebs,
rom qalTa mimarT Zaladoba aris qalTa da mamakacTa isto-
riulad uTanasworo urTierTobebis gamovlineba, man gamo-
iwvia qalebze batonoba da qalTa diskriminacia, xolo qal-
Ta mimarT Zaladoba aris erT-erTi gadamwyveti socialuri
meqanizmi, romlis saSualebiTac qalebi iZulebuli arian,
iyvnen daqvemdebarebul mdgomareobaSi, mamakacebTan Seda-
rebiT. deklaracia aRniSnavs, rom qalTa zogierTi jgufi,
mag.: ltolvili da migranti qalebi, soflad an Sereul Tem-
Si mcxovrebi qalebi, sapatimro dawesebulebaSi myofi qale-

202 kurtaniZe, m., abramiSvili n., pataraia, b., femicidi – diskriminaciuli
danaSauli da masTan brZolis saxelmwifo valdebuleba, 2016, 15, ix.
https://bit.ly/2L8HqaG [05.01.2021].
203 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, Proclaimed by General
Assembly resolution 48/104 of 20 December 1993, ix. https://bit.ly/3oieb3g
[05.01.2021].
246
bi, gaWirvebasa da siRaribeSi myofi qalebi, arasrulwlova-
ni gogoebi, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone qalebi, xan-
dazmuli qalebi da qalebi, romlebic imyofebian SeiaraRe-
bul konfliqtebSi, gansakuTrebiT daucvelni arian Zala-
dobisgan. aRniSnuli deklaraciis mizebisaTvis, termini
„qalTa mimarT Zaladoba“ niSnavs genderze dafuZnebul
aqts, romelic iwvevs an SeiZleba gamoiwvios qalebis fizi-
kuri, seqsualuri an fsiqologiuri ziani an tanjva, maT So-
ris, amgvari qmedebebis Cadenis muqara, iZuleba an Tavisuf-
lebis TviTneburi aRkveTa, miuxedavad imisa, es xdeba sazo-
gadoebriv Tu pirad cxovrebaSi. 204
2002 wels evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma gamosca
rekomendacia „qalTa Zaladobisgan dacvis Sesaxeb“, romel-
mac kidev erTxel daadastura, rom qalTa mimarT Zaladoba
aris Zalauflebis disbalansi kacebsa da qalebs Soris da
iwvevs seriozul diskriminacias qalebis mimarT, rogorc
sazogadoebaSi, ise ojaxSi. 205
komitetma aRniSna, rom wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda da-
nergon, ganaviTaron da/an gaaumjobeson, saWiroebis mixed-
viT, erovnuli politika Zaladobis winaaRmdeg, kerZod,
uzrunvelyon: msxverplTa maqsimaluri usafrTxoeba da
dacva, dazaralebuli qalebis gaZliereba mxardaWerisa da
daxmarebis saSualebiT, rac maT Tavidan aacilebs meorad
viqtimizacias; sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTalSi cvli-
lebebis ganxorcieleba; sazogadoebis, maT Soris, bavSvebi-
sa da axalgazrdebis ganaTleba da cnobierebis amaRleba;
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis sferoSi momuSave profesionale-
204 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, Proclaimed by General

Assembly resolution 48/104 of 20 December 1993, Article 1, ix.
https://bit.ly/3oieb3g [05.01.2021].
205 On the protection of women against violence, Council of Europe, Recommendation
Rec(2002)5, ix. https://bit.ly/2X9UYVx [05.01.2021].
247
bis gadamzadeba/specialuri trenignebis Catareba da pre-
vencia yvela Sesabamis sferoSi. 206
rekomendacia aRniSnavs, rom wevrma saxelmwifoebma un-
da uzrunvelyon, rom Zaladobis yvela msxverplma, aseve
iuridiuli profilis mqone sajaro da kerZo organizacieb-
ma, romlebic axorcieleben msxverplTa dacvas, dazarale-
bulTan erTad an maTi saxeliT, SeZlon samarTalwarmoebis
dawyeba, aseve mouwodebs prokurorebs, rom devnis sakiTxis
gadawyvetisas qalTa an bavSvTa mimarT Zaladoba ganixilon
pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel an gadamwyvet garemoebad,
sazogadoebrivi interesidan gamomdinare. samarTalwarmo-
ebis yvela etapze gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos dazarale-
bulTa fizikuri da fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba, maT unda
SeeZloT samedicino da fsiqologiuri daxmarebis miReba.
miRebul unda iqnas efeqtiani zomebi msxverplTa dasaca-
vad, maT mimarT muqarisa da SurisZiebis SesaZlo SemTxveve-
bis Tavidan asacileblad da a.S. 207
rekomendaciam moZaladeTa intervenciis programebzec
gamaxvila yuradReba da aRniSna, rom saxelmwifoebma unda
uzrunvelyon iseTi intervenciis programebis ganxorcie-
leba, romelTa mizania Zaladobis Camdeni piris waxaliseba,
miiRon Zaladobisgan Tavisufali qcevis nimuSi, maT mier
sakuTari qmedebis gacnobierebisa da pasuxismgeblobis
aRiarebis gziT. saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon damna-
SavisaTvis intervenciis programebSi CarTvis SesaZleblo-
ba da es unda iyos ara sasjelis alternativa, aramed dama-
tebiTi zoma, romlis mizania Zaladobis aRkveTa, xolo aR-
niSnul programaSi CarTva unda moxdes nebayoflobiT. ar-
sebuli resursebis farglebSi mniSvnelovania specialize-
buli, saxelmwifos mier damtkicebuli intervenciisa da
206
On the protection of women against violence, Council of Europe, Recommenda-
tion Rec(2002)5, General measures concerning violence against women, §3, ix.
https://bit.ly/2X9UYVx [05.01.2021].
207 On the protection of women against violence, Council of Europe, Recommenda-
tion Rec(2002)5, Judicial proceedings, §38, 40, 41, 44, ix. https://bit.ly/2X9UYVx
[05.01.2021].
248
mxardaWeris centrebis daarseba moZalade mamakacebisaT-
vis. saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon mamakacebisTvis
gankuTvnili intervenciuli saSualebebisa da qalis dac-
vasTan dakavSirebuli programebis koordinacia da Tanam-
Sromloba. 208
2. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos prece-

dentuli saqmeebi
qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciis, aRkveTi-

sa da reagirebis mniSvnelovan principebs ganamtkicebs ada-
mianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli sa-
marTali, romelic axdens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
konvenciis interpretacias da saqarTvelosTvis savalde-
bulo Zala gaaCnia.
adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos qalTa mi-
marT da ojaxSi Zaladobis, aseve bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli
saqmeebi ganxiluli aqvs adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Ta-
visuflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT daculi sxvadasxva uf-
lebis WrilSi. kerZod, sicocxlis ufleba (me-2 muxli), wa-
mebisa da araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis
akrZalva (me-3 muxli), samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani sa-
Sualebis ufleba (me-13 muxli), piradi da ojaxuri cxovre-
bis pativiscemis ufleba (me-8 muxli) da diskriminaciis ak-
rZalva (me-14 muxli).
mocemul TavSi sasamarTlos midgomebi ganxiluli iqne-
ba precedentul saqmeebze dayrdnobiT, romelTa umravle-
sobaSi sasamarTlom erTdroulad ramdenime uflebis dar-
Rveva daadgina.
208 On the protection of women against violence, Council of Europe, Recommen-

dation Rec(2002)5, Intervention programmes for the perpetrators of violence, §50-53,
ix. https://bit.ly/2X9UYVx [05.01.2021].
249
qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT
erT-erT gamorCeul da kompleqsur gadawyvetilebas war-
moadgens saqme „opuzi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg“ 209.
aRniSnuli saqme mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom sasamar-
Tlom, konkretul uflebebze msjelobis paralelurad,
gansazRvra mniSvnelovani principebi da midgomebi, romle-
bic unda gaiTvaliswinon saxelmwifoebma qalTa mimarT da
ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebze muSaobisas.
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT: ramdenime
wlis ganmavlobaSi momCivnis meuRle sistematurad axorci-
elebda Zaladobriv qmedebebs momiCivansa da mis dedaze.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi maT miiRes dazianebebi. Zaladoba moi-
cavda iseT qmedebebs, rogorebicaa: cema, manqanis dajaxeba,
romlis drosac seriozulad dazianda mimCivanis deda, da
Tavdasxma, rodesac momCivanma miiRo ramdenime Wriloba
sxeulze.
qalebis mier saxelmwifo uwyebebi ramdenjerme iyvnen
informirebuli maTze ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis faqte-
bis Taobaze. momCivnis meuRlis winaaRmdeg ramdenjerme da-
iwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna sicocxlis xelyofis mu-
qaris, mZime Tavdasxmisa da mkvlelobis mcdelobis bralde-
biT, Tumca mogvianebiT Sewyda samarTalwarmoeba dazara-
lebulebis mier saCivris, savaraudod, moZaladis zewoliT
ukan gamoxmobis gamo.
morigi konfliqtisas moZaladem manqana daajaxa momCi-
vansa da mis dedas. momCivnis dedas miadga sicocxlisaTvis
saxifaTo dazianebebi. mogvianebiT momCivanma da dedamisma
ukan gamoixmes saCivari, Tumca sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom
zianis seriozulobidan gamomdinare, mamakaci mainc unda
cnobiliyo damnaSaved mocemuli samarTaldarRvevis Cade-
nisaTvis. Sedegad, sasamarTlom moZalades miusaja sami
TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da jarima, Tumca mogvianebiT
sapatimro sasjeli Seicvala jarimiT.
209 Opuz v. Turkey, Application no. 33401/02, June 9, 2009, ix. https://bit.ly/3hK05Fm
[05.01.2021].
250
mogvianebiT, zemoaRniSnuli incidentidan daaxloebiT
sami wlis Semdeg, momCivans meuRle Tavs daesxa da danis ga-
moyenebiT miayena ramdenime Wriloba sxeulis sxvadasxva na-
wilSi. sasamarTlo-samedicino eqsertizis daskvnis Tanax-
mad, mocemuli Wrilobebi ar iyo sicocxlisTvis saxifaTo,
magram momCivani Sromisuunaro iyo Svidi dRis ganmavloba-
Si. sasamarTlom damnaSaves daakisra jarimis nawil-nawil
gadaxda. momxdaridan daaxloebiT erTi wlis Semdeg momCiv-
nis meuRlem sasikvdilod daWra momCivnis deda, romelic
adgilze gardaicvala.
momCivnis meuRlem aRniSna, rom kontroli dakarga da es-
rola sidedrs sakuTari Rirsebisa da Svilebis dasacavad.
kerZod, momCivnis deda mokla, radgan igi ubiZgebda mis
cols „amoraluri cxovrebisaken“ da arTmevda mas colsa
da SvilebTan urTierTobis SesaZleblobas.
prokuraturam mamakacs brali warudgina ganzrax mkvle-
lobis muxliT. sabolood, 2008 wels sasamarTlom momCiv-
nis meuRle damnaSaved cno mkvlelobasa da iaraRis ukano-
no flobaSi da uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miusaja. Tum-
ca, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom braldebulma danaSauli Cai-
dina gardacvlilis „provokaciis“ Sedegad da sasamarTlo
ganxilvaze kargad iqceoda, sasamarTlom Seumsubuqa Tav-
dapirveli sasjeli da 15 wliTa da 10 TviT Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa da jarimis saxiT 180 axali Turquli liris gadaxda
miusaja.
gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis Semdeg, saapelacio warmo-
ebis dros, mamakaci gaaTavisufles da man gaagrZela muqara
meuRlis mimarT.
mocemul saqmeSi sasamarTlom imsjela sicocxlis uf-
lebis, wamebisa da araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli
mopyrobisa da diskriminaciis akrZalvis nawilSi saxelmwi-
fos mier misTvis dakisrebuli valdebulebebis Seusruleb-
lobis konteqstSi.
sicocxlis uflebasTan mimarTebiT sasamarTlom aRniS-
na, rom Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi policiis valdebule-
bebis ganxorcielebis, adamianis qcevis ganuWvretelobisa
251
da im operatiuli arCevanis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic un-
da gakeTdes prioritetebisa da resursebis mixedviT, pozi-
tiuri valdebulebebis masStabi ar unda iqnas imgvarad gan-
martebuli, rom SeuZlebeli an araproporciuli tvirTi
daakisros saxelmwifos. „imisaTvis, rom dadges pozitiuri
valdebuleba, unda damtkicdes, rom xelisuflebam icoda
an unda scodnoda piris sicocxlisadmi mesame piris sis-
xlissamarTlebrivi qmedebiT gamowveuli realuri da myi-
sieri safrTxis arseboba mocemul dros da rom maT, aRniS-
nulis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar miiRes zomebi sakuTari ufleba-
mosilebis farglebSi, romelic maT gonivrulobis far-
glebSi moeTxovebodaT safrTxis Tavidan asarideblad“.
sasamarTlos SefasebiT, rodesac arsebobs pretenzia,
rom xelisuflebam daarRvia pozitiuri valdebuleba, da-
ecva adamianis sicocxlis ufleba, pirvel rigSi, unda Se-
fasdes, ramdenad icoda an unda scodnoda saxelmwifos
konkretul dros adamianis sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mesame pi-
ris mier sisxlissamarTlebrivi qmedebebiT Seqmnili rea-
luri da myisieri safrTxis arsebobis Sesaxeb da man ufle-
bamosilebisa da gonivrulobis farglebSi gamoiyena Tu ara
Sesabamisi zomebi safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad. aRniSnu-
lis gaTvaliswinebiT, momCivnis mxridan sakmarisia imis war-
modgena, rom xelisuflebam ar gaakeTa yvelaferi, rac mas
gonivrulobis farglebSi moeTxoveboda, raTa Tavidan ae-
cilebina realuri da myisieri safrTxe sicocxlis xelyo-
fis Tavidan asacileblad. sasamarTlos azriT, es aris mTa-
vari SekiTxva, romelsac pasuxi unda gaeces sicocxlis uf-
lebasTan mimarTebiT saxelmwifos mier pozitiuri valde-
bulebebis Seusruleblobis sakiTxis ganxilvisas, konkre-
tuli saqmis garemoebebis gaanalizebis safuZvelze.
opuzis saqmeSi sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom mTavar SekiT-
xvas warmoadgenda imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad jerovnad
imoqmedes xelisuflebis organoebma Zaladobis aRsakveTad
momCivnisa da misi dedis mimarT, kerZod, ramdenad ganaxor-
cieles sisxlissamarTlebrivi an sxva Sesabamisi prevenciu-
252
li zomebi, msxverplTa mier saCivris gamoxmobis miuxeda-
vad.
sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom ojaxSi Zaladoba, romelsac
SesaZloa hqondes sxvadasxva forma (fizikuri Zaladobidan
dawyebuli, fsiqologiuri Tu sityvieri ZaladobiT dam-
Tavrebuli), warmoadgens zogad problemas, romelic exeba
yvela wevr saxelmwifos da romelic xSirad ar sajarovde-
ba. sasamarTlom gaiziara problema, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis
msxverplebi SesaZloa iyvnen ara mxolod qalebi, aramed ka-
cebic da bavSvebic, pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri gziT. Sesa-
bamisad, aRniSnuli saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlom gaiTva-
liswina gansaxilveli problemis simZime.
sasamarTlom Seafasa saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi da
aRniSna, rom momCivnisa da misi dedis janmrTelobisa da
usafrTxoebis mimarT adgili hqonda mzard Zaladobasa da
gangrZobad safrTxes. moZaladis mier Cadenili danaSaule-
bi iyo sakmarisad seriozuli, raTa maT sapasuxod ganxor-
cielebuliyo prevenciuli RonisZiebebi. sasamarTlos az-
riT, urTierTobebis istoriis ganxilvisas naTeli iyo, rom
arsebobda ojaxSi Zaladobis winare SemTxvevebi, rac miuTi-
Tebda momavalSi maTi ganmeorebis maRal albaTobaze.
sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
organoebs SeeZloT ganeWvritaT moZaladis mier sasikvdi-
lo Tavdasxmis ganxorcielebis safrTxe. marTalia, sasa-
marTlom sruli sizustiT ver daaskvna, rom movlenebi
sxvagvarad ganviTardeboda da mkvleloba ar moxdebda sa-
xelmwifos mier sxvagvarad moqcevis SemTxvevaSi, magram aR-
niSna, rom xelisuflebis mier gonivruli zomebis miuReb-
loba, romelTa saSualebiTac Seicvleboda Sedegi an Sem-
cirdeboda miyenebuli ziani, sakmaris safuZvels warmoad-
genda saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis dasadgenad.
sasamarTlom yuradReba gaamaxvila xelisuflebis argu-
mentze, romelic miuTiTebda, rom daxmareba saWiro ar iyo,
radgan dava exeboda „pirad saqmes“. kerZod, xelisufleba
brals momCivans debda saCivrebis ukan gamoxmobisa da Sesa-
bamis organoebTan TanamSromlobaze uaris Tqmis gamo, ra-
253
mac gamoiwvia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta,
vinaidan im droisTvis moqmedi erovnuli kanonmdebloba
iTxovda dazaralebulis aqtiur CarTulobas. kerZod, ga-
moZieba da sisxlisamarTlebrivi devna mkacrad iyo damoki-
debuli momCivnisa da misi dedis mier saCivrebis bolomde
miyolaze. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom es argumenti Seusaba-
mo iyo saxelmwifos pozitiur valdebulebebTan, uzrunve-
leyo momCivnebis mier uflebebiT sargebloba. amasTan, rig
SemTxvevebSi, erovnuli xelisuflebis organoebis Careva
individTa pirad Tu ojaxur cxovrebaSi SeiZleba aucile-
beli gaxdes maTi janmrTelobis sxva pirTa uflebebisa Tu
sisxlissamarTlebrivi moqmedebebis Cadenisagan dasacavad.
sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom momCivnis dedis winaSe arsebuli
safrTxis seriozuloba saxelmwifos mier mocemul saqmeSi
Carevas aucilebels xdida. sakanonmdeblo baza bralmde-
bel organoebs unda aZlevdes sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ga-
moZiebis gagrZelebis saSualebas, dazaralebulis mier ukan
gamoxmobili saCivrebis miuxedavad. Sesabamisad, sasamar-
Tlos SefasebiT, moZaladis mier warsulSi Cadenil danaSa-
ulTa seriozulobis gaTvaliswinebiT, devnis ganmaxorcie-
lebel organoebs unda SeZlebodaT samarTalwarmoebis
gagrZeleba sajaro interesebis farglebSi, miuxedavad imi-
sa, rom dazaralebulebis mier ukan iqna gamoxmobili saCiv-
rebi.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom daaskvna,
rom mocemul saqmeSi gamoyenebuli sisxlis samarTlis sis-
tema ar warmoadgenda adekvatur winaRobas moZaladis mier
Cadenil qmedebebTan mimarTebiT. xelisuflebas ar SeuZ-
lia, daeyrdnos msxverplis damokidebulebas sakuTari
valdebulebis Seusruleblobis gasamarTleblad da unda
miiRos adekvaturi zomebi, romelTa saSualebiTac aRkve-
Tavs agresoris mier msxverplis winaaRmdeg mimarTul muqa-
ras.
sicocxlis uflebis darRvevis garda, sasamarTlom miiC-
nia, rom momCivnis mier gadatanili Zaladoba fizikuri da-
zianebebisa da fsiqologiuri zewolis saxiT sakmarisad se-
254
riozuli iyo, raTa mieRwia arasaTanado mopyrobisaTvis.
rogorc sasamarTlom miuTiTa, arasaTanado mopyrobam un-
da miaRwios minimalur zRvars imisaTvis, raTa moxvdes kon-
venciis me-3 muxlis farglebSi. piri daeqvemdebara Tu ara
arasaTanado mopyrobas SefasebiTia da damokidebulia saq-
mis garemoebebze, maT Soris, mopyrobis bunebasa da konteq-
stze, mopyrobis xangrZlivobaze, mis fizikur da gonebriv
Sedgebze da, rig SemTxvevebSi, msxverplis sqesze, asaksa da
janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze.
sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom xelisuflebis organoebi,
kerZod, policia da prokuratura, ar darCenila sruliad
umoqmedod. Zaladobis yoveli SemTxvevis Semdeg momCivnis
wardgena xdeboda samedicino gamokvlevisaTvis da iwyebo-
da gamoZiebac. policiam da prokuraturam moZalade dakiT-
xes da or SemTxvevaSi daapatimres, xolo brali warudgines
sicocxlis winaaRmdeg muqarisa da sxeulis dazianebisaT-
vis. momCivnis Svid adgilas daniT daWris Semdeg ki moZala-
des daakisres jarimis gadaxdis valdebuleba. Tumca, sasa-
marTlos SefasebiT, miRebuli zomebidan arcerTi ar aR-
moCnda sakmarisi moZaladis SesaCereblad da mis mier axali
Zaladobrivi qmedebebis prevenciisTvis. Sesabamisad, sasa-
marTlom daaskvna, rom saxelmwifom daarRvia konvenciis
me-3 muxli, radgan ar miiRo efeqtiani zomebi momCivnis mi-
marT misi qmris mier ganxorcielebuli pirovnuli xelSeu-
xeblobis seriozuli darRvevis Tavidan asacileblad.
mocemuli saqme sasamarTlom konvenciis me-14 muxlis
WrilSic ganixila da miuTiTa, rom ojaxSi Zaladoba Ziri-
Tadad exeboda qalebs da TurqeTSi arsebuli zogadi da
diskriminaciuli midgomebi, romelTac upiratesi gavlena
hqonda qalebze, qmnida araxelsayrel klimats Zaladobis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom maT
mier gancdili Zaladoba miiCnia genderul Zaladobad, rac
aris qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis forma. bolo wlebSi
mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebuli reformebis miuxedavad,
moZaladeTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis sistemis pasiuroba
da maTi dausjeloba, rogorc es dadasturda mocemul saq-
255
meSic, miuTiTebs xelisuflebis arasakmaris mzaobaze, ga-
dadgas Sesabamisi nabijebi ojaxSi Zaladobis problemis mo-
sagvareblad da msxverplTa dasacavad.
sasamarTlom moiSvelia arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
angariSebi, romelTa mixedviTac dazaralebulebi acxadeb-
dnen, rom policiis ganyofilebaSi ojaxSi Zaladobis Tao-
baze maT mier wardgenil saCivrebs ar iZiebdnen da cdilob-
dnen mediatoris rolis Sesrulebas, kerZod, policiis Ta-
namSromlebi arwmunebdnen dazaralebulebs, rom dabrune-
buliyvnen saxlSi da ukan gaexmoT saCivrebi. policia Zala-
dobas miiCnevda „ojaxur saqmed, romelSi Carevac maT ar Se-
eZloT“.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom daaskvna,
rom mocemul saqmeSi dairRva konvenciis me-14 muxli me-2
da me-3 muxlebTan erTobliobaSi.
konvenciis me-14 muxlTan erTad me-2 da me-3 muxlebis
darRveva daadgina sasamarTlom saqmeSi „talpisi italiis
winaaRmdeg“ 210.
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT: 2012 wels
momCivanma gancxadebiT mimarTa policias imis Taobaze, rom
misi meuRle iyo alkoholze damokidebuli da mas da mis qa-
liSvils fizikurad uswordeboda. adgilze misul polici-
as momCivnis meuRle quCaSi daxvda da iyo nasvam mdgomareo-
baSi. policiis TanamSromlebma Seadgines Sesabamisi oqmi,
romelSic aRweres incidentis dros momCivnisa da misi qa-
liSvilisaTvis miyenebuli dazianebebi.
SemTxvevidan ramdenime Tvis Semdeg momCivans Tavs daes-
xa daniT SeiaraRebuli meuRle da aiZulebda, gahyoloda
mas mis megobrebTan sqesobrivi kavSiris dasamyareblad.
momCivanma dasaxmareblad mimarTa quCaSi myof policiis
TanamSromlebs, romlebmac moZalade daajarimes akrZalu-
li iaraRis tarebisaTvis, xolo momCivans saxlSi wasvlis-
ken mouwodes.
210 Talpis v. Italy, Application no. 41237/14, March 2, 2017, ix. https://bit.ly/2L3bdSb
[08.01.2021].
256
samedicino Semowmebaze misul momCivans Tavisa da sxeu-
lis mravlobiTi dazianebebi daudgines da Zaladobis
msxverplTa dawesebulebaSi moaTavses sami Tvis vadiT. va-
dis gasvlis Semdeg momCivans dawesebulebis datoveba mou-
wia, igi garkveuli periodiT megobarTan cxovrobda, xolo
mogvianebiT samsaxuri iSova da SeZlo binis daqiraveba. aR-
niSnulis paralelurad, momCivnis meuRle telefonis saSu-
alebiT masze axorcielebda fsiqologiur Zaladobas.
2012 wlis seqtemberSi momCivanma policiaSi Seitana gan-
cxadeba mis mimarT meuRlis mxridan ganxorcielebuli fi-
zikuri Zaladobis, arasaTanado mopyrobisa da muqaris faq-
tebTan dakavSirebiT da moiTxova Sesabamisi zomebis miReba
misi da misi Svilebis dasacavad.
momCivani pirvelad 2013 wlis aprilSi dakiTxes, man Se-
arbila savaraudo ZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebe-
bi. ramdenime wlis Semdeg, kerZod, 2015 wlis oqtomberSi,
momCivnis qmari damnaSaved cnes misi meuRlis mimarT Cade-
nili fizikuri Zaladobis gamo da 2000 evros odenobiT ja-
rimis gadaxda daakisres.
2013 wlis noemberSi momCivanma kvlav mimarTa policias
meuRlesTan kamaTis gamo. momCivnis meuRle intoqsikaciis
mizeziT saavadmyofoSi gadaiyvanes, xolo gaweris Semdeg,
rodesac igi Ramis saaTebSi quCaSi mTvrali seirnobda, daa-
jarimes da saxlSi wasvlis ufleba misces.
momxdaridan ramdenime saaTSi momCivnis qmari daniT Sei-
araRebuli SeiWra saxlSi da Tavs daesxa meuRles. gaqcevi-
sas qmarma ramdenime Wriloba miayena cols gulmkerdis
areSi, xolo gaSvelebisas mZimed daWra momCivnis vaJi, ro-
melic adgilze gardaicvala. moZalade damnaSaved cnes Svi-
lis mkvlelobisa da meuRlis mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis,
momCivnisa da misi qaliSvilis arasaTanado mopyrobisaTvis,
akrZaluli iaraRis tarebisaTvis da uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa miusajes. moZalades aseve daekisra momCivnisaTvis
zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba.
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna,
rom momCivani daeqvemdebara imgvari xasiaTis Zaladobas,
257
romelmac safrTxe Seuqmna mis sicocxles. mas Semdeg, rac
momCivanma waradgina gancxadeba SesaZlo Zaladobis Taoba-
ze im safrTxeebis Sesaxeb, romelic mas da mis qaliSvils
emuqreboda, saxelmwifom ver uzrunvelyo damcavi orde-
ris gamocema. momCivani daikiTxa dagvianebiT, saCivris war-
dgenidan Svidi Tvis gasvlis Semdeg, aman Seaferxa misi au-
cileblad saWiro da dauyovneblivi dacva. sasamarTlom mi-
uTiTa, rom xelisuflebas mxedvelobaSi unda mieRo momCiv-
nis umweo mdgomareoba, misi fizikuri da moraluri mow-
yvladoba, Tumca saxelmwifom ar Seafasa arsebuli riskebi,
maT Soris, meuRlis mxridan SesaZlo fizikuri Zaladobis
safrTxe. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom xelisuf-
lebis umoqmedobam moZaladeSi gamoiwvia dausjelobis gan-
cda, romelmac xeli Seuwyo Zaladobrivi qmedebebis gameo-
rebas. aseve, miuxedavad imisa, rom Svilis mkvlelobisa da
meuRlis mkvlelobis mcdelobis dRes policia orjer Cae-
ria RamiT ganviTarebul movlenebSi, situaciis seriozu-
lobis gaTvaliswinebiT, maT ar miuRiaT efeqturi zomebi
momCivnis dacvis mizniT.
sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom momCivnis mier wardgenili sa-
Civrebisa da misi meuRlis warsulis gaTvaliswinebiT, po-
liciisaTvis cnobili unda yofiliyo momCivnis mimarT ar-
sebuli realuri safrTxeebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, xeli-
suflebam gamoiCinia saqmisadmi gulgrili damokidebuleba
da ver SeZlo qalisa da misi vaJis dacva. amgvari damokide-
bulebis gamo, momCivnis mier wardgenili saCivrebi da gan-
cxadebebi araefeqturi aRmoCnda.
sasamarTlom yuradReba gaamaxvila momCivnis mowyvla-
dobazec da aRniSna, rom mis mier gancdili Zaladoba moi-
cavda sxeulis dazianebebsa da fsiqologiuri Zaladobis
faqtebs. momCivani SvilebTan erTad iseT Zaladobriv gare-
moSi imyofeboda, rom es sakmarisi iyo viTarebis arasaTana-
do mopyrobad Sesafaseblad.
sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom erovnuli xelisuflebis or-
ganoebma, qalTa mimarT Zaladobis saqmeebis ganxilvisas,
yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda gaiTvaliswinon msxver-
258
plis umweo mdgomareoba, misi fizikuri da moraluri mow-
yvladoba da rac SeiZleba operatiulad Seafason arsebuli
situacia. mocemul saqmeSi ki saxelmwifom ver warmoadgina
argumentebi imis Taobaze, ratom ar miiRo Sesabamisi zomebi
saCivris wardgenidan Svidi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, aseve ar wa-
rudgenia argumentebi, Tu ratom gagrZelda gamoZieba, sxe-
ulis mZime dazianebasTan dakavSirebiT, sami wlis ganmavlo-
baSi.
bolos, sasamarTlom yuradReba gaamaxvila diskrimina-
ciis akrZalvaze da kidev erTxel ganacxada, rom preceden-
tuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos mier qalTa mimarT
Zaladobis aRmofxvrasTan dakavSirebuli valdebulebis
Seusrulebloba iwvevs Tanabari samarTlebrivi sikeTis
dacvis uflebis darRvevas.
sasamarTlom daadgina, rom italiis xelisuflebam arse-
buli riskebis saTanadod SeufaseblobiT waaxalisa Zala-
doba. sasamarTlom moiSvelia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, misi
gamomwvevi mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb gaeros specia-
luri momxseneblis 2012 wlis angariSi, qalTa mimarT dis-
kriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb komitetisa
da statistikis erovnuli biuros monacemebi, romlebic
asaxavda italiaSi ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli
problemis masStaburobasa da simwvaves da daaskvna, rom ga-
tarebuli reformebis miuxedavad, mravali qali iqna mok-
luli partnioris an yofili partnioris mier, qveyanaSi Se-
narCunebuli iyo sazogadoebis Semwynarebluri damokide-
buleba qalTa da ojaxSi Zaladobis mimarT. es miuTiTebda,
rom momCivnis mimarT Zaladoba ganxorcielda sqesis niS-
niT, rac aris qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis forma.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom erTxmad da-
adgina, rom mocemul saqmeSi adgili hqonda konvenciis me-
14 muxlis darRvevas me-2 da me-3 muxlebTan erTobliobaSi.
259
konvenciis me-14 muxlTan erTad sicocxlis uflebis
darRveva daadgina sasamarTlom saqmeSi „halime kiliCi
TurqeTis winaaRmdeg“ 211.
fatma babatlim saCivari waradgina meuRlis winaaRmdeg. igi
miuTiTebda, rom qmari gamudmebiT ayenebda fizikur Seu-
racxyofas, ris gamoc moiTxova damcavi zomebis gamoyeneba.
igi moiTxovda damcavi orderis gamocemasac, romliTac mis
meuRles saxlidan wasvlis valdebuleba eqneboda. sasamar-
Tlom daakmayofila babatlis moTxovna da winaswari damca-
vi orderi gamosca, romelSic sxva sakiTxebTan erTad miTi-
Tebuli iyo moZaladis saxlidan wasvlis valdebulebis Se-
saxeb. sasamarTlom gamosca brZanebac, romlis mixedviTac
babatlis meuRles aekrZala colis mimarT Zaladobrivi
qmedebebis ganxorcieleba. brZanebaSi miTiTebuli iyo, rom
misi Seusrulebloba sapatimro sasjels iTvaliswinebda.
2008 wels prokuraturam babatlis meuRles brali wau-
yena janmrTelobis msubuqi dazianebisaTvis da sasamar-
TloSi waradgina Suamdgomloba braldebulisTvis winaswa-
ri patimrobis Sefardebis Taobaze, rac ar iqna dakmayofi-
lebuli. amave wlis ivlissa da oqtomberSi fatma babatlim
kvlav waradgina saCivrebi ojaxSi Zaladobis Taobaze, ris
pasuxadac sasamarTlom ori brZaneba gamosca.
mogvianebiT babatlim miswera prokurors, rom misma me-
uRlem ori bavSvi gaitaca da sicocxlis mospobiT daemuq-
ra.
sabolood, fatma babatlim Sesabamis organoebSi oTxi
saCivari waradgina, xolo 2008 wlis noembers igi mokla mis-
ma meuRlem, romelmac Semdeg Tavi moikla.
mokluli babatlis deda, halime kiliCi, adamianis ufle-
baTa evropul sasamarTloSi Cioda, rom erovnulma xeli-
suflebam ver daicva misi Svilis sicocxle da ver uzrun-
velyo sasamarTlos mier gacemuli orderebis aRsruleba.
miuTiTebda imaze, rom Svilis gardacvalebis Semdeg, saja-
211 Halime Kılıç v. Turkey, Application no. 63034/11, June 28, 2016, ix.
https://bit.ly/3pYls8Y [08.01.2021].
260
ro moxeleebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis dayenebis mizniT,
mis mier wardgenili saCivari warumatebeli aRmoCnda, vinai-
dan samarTalwarmoeba Sewyda.
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna,
rom fatma babatlim Sesabamis organoebs oTxjer mimarTa,
igi miuTiTebda meuRlis mxridan mosalodnel safrTxeeb-
ze. miuxedavad imisa, rom sasamarTlom gamosca sami damcavi
orderi, aRniSnuli meqanizmi sruliad araefeqturi aRmoC-
nda, vinaidan ver uzrunvelyo adamianis realuri dacva. ro-
gorc sasamarTlom miuTiTa, marTalia, Teoriulad arse-
bobda damcavi RonisZiebebi, romlebic miznad isaxavda
swrafi reagirebis uzrunvelyofas, Tumca mocemul viTa-
rebaSi moZaladis mimarT pirveli damcavi orderis gadace-
mas 19 dRe, xolo meore damcavi orderis Cabarebas 2 kvira
dasWirda, ramac qals CamoarTva dauyovneblivi dacviT
sargeblobis SesaZlebloba. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom dag-
vianebam araefeqturi gaxada sasamarTlos mier gacemuli
orderebi, yuradReba gaamaxvila im faqtze, rom pirveli
orderis gamocemidan moZaladisaTvis mis gadacemamde fat-
ma babatli kidev erTxel gaxda meuRlis mxridan Zaladobis
msxverpli.
sasamarTlom daadgina, rom damcavi RonisZiebebis efeq-
turoba garantirebuli iqneboda mxolod saTanado kon-
trolis meqanizmebiT. prokuraturis mier winaswari patim-
robis Sefardebis moTxovnis miuxedavad, sasamarTlom ar
Seafasa babatlis mimarT arsebuli safrTxeebi da riskebi,
Sesabamisad, moZalade gaTavisuflda imgvarad, rom momCiv-
nis Svilis sicocxlis dasacavad praqtikuli RonisZiebebi
ar gatarebula, xolo sasamarTlos mier gacemul orderebs
moZaladeze Semakavebeli efeqti ar hqonia. sasamarTlom
aRniSna, rom Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba sasamarTlos mier
gacemuli orderis SeusruleblobisTvis sapatimro sas-
jels iTvaliswinebda, Tumca, moZaladis mier maTi darRve-
vis miuxedavad, igi amis gamo ar dasjila, ramac arsebul
orderebs efeqturoba daukarga.
261
amdenad, xelisuflebis umoqmedobiT Seiqmna garemo, ro-
melic moZalades aZlevda SesaZleblobas meuRleze gane-
xorcielebina araerTi fizikuri Zaladoba Sesabamisi sas-
jelis dakisrebis gareSe.
sasamarTlom yuradReba gaamaxvila, rom TurqeTSi qale-
bisaTvis raodenobrivad cota TavSesafari arsebobda, Tum-
ca Sesabamisi adgilis, sadac fatma babatli SvilebTan er-
Tad daculi iqneboda, arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki arc pro-
kuraturas da arc policias momCivnis Svili mis saWiroe-
bebze morgebul dawesebulebaSi ar gaugzavnia da arc Sesa-
bamisi informacia miuwodebia amgvari dawesebulebebis Se-
saxeb.
sasamarTlos mosazrebiT, xelisuflebas unda gaeTva-
liswinebina momCivnis Svilis gansakuTrebiT saxifaTo da
mowyvladi fsiqologiuri, fizikuri da materialuri mdgo-
mareoba da saTanado daxmareba SeeTavazebina, Tumca qali
moZalade meuRlis pirispir yovelgvari resursebisa da
dacvis gareSe aRmoCnda.
momCivani aseve amtkicebda, rom misi Svilis mimarT Zala-
doba ganxorcielda, radgan igi qali iyo. aRniSnulTan da-
kavSirebiT sasamarTlom gaimeora opuzis saqmeze miRebul
gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli daskvnebi.
sabolood, sasamarTlos mosazrebiT, moZaladis daus-
jelobam gavlena iqonia erovnuli xelisuflebis mier
ojaxSi Zaladobis gansakuTrebiT SemaSfoTebeli inciden-
tebis ganzrax uaryofasa da Zaladobis msxverplis gansa-
kuTrebul mowyvladobaze da daadgina konvenciis me-14
muxlis darRveva me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi.
saqmeSi „balsani rumineTis winaaRmdeg“ sasamarTlom
konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRveva daadgina me-3 muxlTan
erTobliobaSi. 212
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT: momCivani
daojaxda 1979 wels da oTxi Svili SeeZina. igi miuTiTebda,
rom qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi qmari misi Svilebisa da mis mi-
212 Bălșan v. Romania, Application no. 49645/09, May 23, 2017, ix. https://bit.ly/38raIKh
[08.01.2021].
262
marT iyo agresiuli. Zaladobam imata 2007 wels ganqorwine-
bis Taobaze samarTalwarmoebis mimdinareobisas, romelic
gagrZelda 2008 welsac. aRniSnul periodSi momCivans meuR-
le rvajer daesxa Tavs, Sedegad qalma miiRo fizikuri da-
zianebebi.
aRniSnul periodSi momCivanma saxelmwifo organoebs
daxmareba ramdenjerme sTxova, maT Soris, policiaSi saCiv-
ris wardgenis gziT, Tumca rogorc gamoZiebis, ise sasamar-
Tlo ganxilvis etapze, miiCnies, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis pro-
vocireba Tavad momCivanma moaxdina da aRniSnuli Zaladoba
ar iyo imdenad seriozuli, sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi
moxvedriliyo. amdenad, 2007 wels momxdar Zaladobis sam
faqtTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTloebma gaamarTles momCiv-
nis meuRle, romelsac brali edeboda sxeulis dazianebaSi.
rac Seexeba 2008 wels momxdar Zaladobis xuT faqts, pro-
kuraturam moZaladis mimarT ar ganaxorciela sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi devna.
zemoxsenebuli TiToeuli gadawyvetilebis Semdeg mom-
Civnis meuRle administraciuli wesiT daajarimes.
momCivani amtkicebda, rom saxelmwifom ver SeZlo misi
dacva ojaxSi Zaladobisgan, vinaidan, misi araerTi saCivris
miuxedavad, moZalades pasuxismgebloba ar daakisres. xeli-
suflebis mxridan Zaladobrivi qmedebebis mimarT Semwyna-
rebluri damokidebulebis gamo qali Tavs uimedod da dam-
cirebulad grZnobda.
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom miiCnia,
rom fizikuri Zaladoba, romelsac momCivani araerTxel
daeqvemdebara, sakmarisad seriozuli iyo, raTa mieRwia
konvenciis me-3 muxlis miznebisaTvis dadgenili sisastikis
minimaluri zRvrisaTvis. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom momCi-
vans xSirad miumarTavs dasaxmareblad rogorc policiis-
Tvis, ise sasamarTlosTvis, Sesabamisad, xelisufleba val-
debuli iyo, aRniSnuli saCivrebis safuZvelze gaetarebina
Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi da Tavidan aecilebina Zaladobis
gameoreba. rumineTSi arsebobda Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba,
romelic iZleoda ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi saCivris
263
wardgenisa da dacvis moTxovnis SesaZleblobas da srulad
iqna gamoyenebuli momCivnis mier.
sasamarTlom SeSfoTeba gamoxata, radgan erovnulma xe-
lisuflebam Zaladoba momCivnis provocirebulad miiCnia
da daaskvna, rom qmedebebi ar iyo sakmarisad seriozuli
sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dasakvalificireblad. sasamar-
Tlom aRniSna, rom saxelmwifo organoebis amgvari midgoma
viTarebaSi, rodesac ojaxSi Zaladobis faqti ar iyo sada-
vo, azrs ukargavda erovnuli kanonmdeblobis miznebs da ar
Seesabameboda qalTa mimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis
saerTaSoriso standartebs.
mocemuli saqmis diskriminaciis akrZalvis konteqstSi
Sefasebisas sasamarTlom moiSvelia oficialuri satatis-
tika, romlis mixedviTac, rumineTSi mcxovrebi adamianebis
umravlesobas ojaxSi Zaladoba normalur movlenad miaC-
ndaT. qveynis mosaxleoba sakamarisad ar flobda informa-
cias qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis aRmofxvrasTan dakavSi-
rebiT rumineTSi arsebuli kanonmdeblobisa da strategie-
bis Sesaxeb. rogorc sasamarTlom miuTiTa, zemoTqmulidan
gamomdinare, rumineTSi arc xelisufleba afasebda ojaxSi
Zaladobis seriozulobasa da masStabebs, rac dadasturda
mocemul saqmeSic. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom
xelisuflebis mxridan Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi normebis
ugulebelyofa iwvevda sqesis niSniT diskriminaciul damo-
kidebulebas momCivani qalis mimarT.
sasamarTlos azriT, rumineTis mTavrobis mier kanon-
mdeblobisa da erovnuli strategiebis miRebis miuxedavad,
sistemis umoqmedoba da moZaladeebis dausjeloba, rac mo-
cemul saqmeSic dafiqsirda, ojaxSi Zaladobis aRmosaf-
xvrelad xelsuflebis arasakmaris Zalisxmevaze metyve-
lebda.
adgina konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRveva me-3 muxlTan er-
TobliobaSi.
264
kidev erT saqmeSi, „eremia moldovis respublikis wina-
aRmdeg“, daadgina sasamarTlom konvenciis me-14 muxlis
darRveva me-3 da me-8 muxlebTan erTobliobaSi. 213
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT: lilia ere-
mia daqorwinebuli iyo policiis oficerze, romelic sax-
lSi xSirad nasvami brundeboda da meuRles qaliSvilebis
TandaswrebiT scemda. mas Semdeg, rac moZalade daajarimes
da oficialuri gafrTxileba misces, igi kidev ufro agre-
siuli gaxda. morigi Zaladoba 2010 wels moxda, rodesac man
colis gagudva scada. momCivanma mimarTa sasamarTlos dam-
cavi orderis gamocemis mizniT, rac dakmayofilda. moZala-
des aekrZala 90 dRis ganmavlobaSi 500 metris radiusSi mi-
suliyo momCivnisa da misi Svilebis saxlTan, daemyarebina
komunikacia da ganexorcielebina maT winaaRmdeg Zaladob-
rivi qmedebebi. miuxedavad amisa, moZalade ramdenjerme Se-
vida momCivnis saxlSi da scema meuRle. 2011 wlis aprilSi
sasamarTlom daakmayofila moZaladis saCivari da damcavi
orderi nawilobriv gaauqma.
momCivanma gancxadeba Seitana policiaSic misi meuRlis
mxridan ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis gamo, Tumca polici-
is TanamSromlebi momCivans mouwodebdnden, rom saCivari
ukan gaexmo, radgan SesaZloa, amis gamo mis meuRles daekar-
ga samsaxuri, rac uaryofiTad imoqmedebda maTi qaliSvile-
bis saganmanaTleblo da profesiul ganviTarebaze. momCiv-
nis gancxadebis safuZvelze gamoZieba daiwyo, magram pro-
kurorma, Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis mopovebis miuxeda-
vad, gamoZieba erTi wliT SeaCera im pirobiT, rom igi ganax-
ldeboda, Tu mocemuli periodis ganmavlobaSi momCivnis
meuRle danaSauls kvlav Caidenda.
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina,
rom arsebuli Zaladobrivi istoriis gaTvaliswinebiT, mo-
mavali Zaladobis SiSi sakmaod Zlieri iyo, raTa momCivanSi
gamoewvia tanjva da SfoTi, rac warmoadgens araadamianur
mopyrobas. sasamarTlos SefasebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom
213 Eremia v. The Republic of Moldova, Application no. 3564/11, May 28, 2013, ix.
https://bit.ly/357juuW [05.01.2021].
265
xelisuflebam gaatara garkveuli zomebi (mag., moZalade
oficialurad gaafrTxiles da daajarimes), arcerTi maTga-
ni ar aRmoCnda efeqtiani da sakmarisi msxverplis usaf-
rTxoebis dasacavad. xelisuflebas unda gaecnobierebina,
rom momCivani momavalSi Zaladobis daqvemdebarebis serio-
zuli da realuri riskis winaSe idga, rac saTanado mtkice-
bulebebiTac dasturdeboda.
sasamarTlom gansakuTrebiT gaamaxvila yuradReba im ga-
remoebaze, rom moZalade policiis TanamSromeli iyo, rom-
lis profesiul valdebulebebSic Sedioda sxva adamianebis
uflebebis dacva, danaSaulis prevencia da sazogadoebrivi
wesrigis uzrunvelyofa. miuxedavad imisa, rom man ramden-
jerme daarRvia damcavi orderi, igi kvlav agrZelebda sa-
policio saqmianobas.
sasamarTlom imsjela arasruwlovani qaliSvilebis Tan-
daswrebiT dedis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis Sede-
gebzec da aRniSna, rom maTi TandaswrebiT mamis mier dedis
mimarT araerTxel ganxorcielebulma Zaladobam gogoebze
mZime fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba moaxdina, Tumca xelisuf-
lebam praqtikulad aranairi zomebi ar gaatara msgavsi qce-
vis gameorebis aRsakveTad, rac sasamarTlos SefasebiT,
warmoadgenda konvenciis me-8 muxlis darRvevas.
sasamarTlom mocemuli saqme Seafasa diskriminaciis ak-
rZalvis WrilSic da aRniSna, rom saxelmwifos uunaroba,
daicvas qalebi ojaxSi Zaladobisgan, arRvevs maT uflebas
– Tanasworad yofiliyvnen daculebi kanonis winaSe. moce-
mul saqmeSi xelisuflebam diskriminaciuli damokidebu-
leba gamoavlina momCivnis, rogorc qalis, mimarT, vinaidan
saTanadod ver Seafasa ojaxSi Zaladobis seriozuloba da
mniSvneloba da qalebze misi diskriminaciuli gavlena.
Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom xelisuflebis
uunaroba, gamklaveboda Zaladobas, warmoadgenda araer-
Tgzis ganxorcielebuli danaSaulis mimarT Semwynareblu-
ri damokidebulebis gamoCenas da amas momCivnis, rogorc
qalis, mimarT diskriminaciuli efeqti hqonda.
266
sasamarTlom konvenciis me-3 da me-8 muxlebis darRveva
daadgina saqmeSi „e.s. da sxvebi slovakeTis winaaRmdeg“ 214.
momCivanma, romelic cxovrobda meuRlesTan da sam SvilTan
erTad, ganacxadi Seitana ganqorwinebis Taobaze. 2001 wels
momCivanma gancxadeba Seitana misi qmris winaaRmdegac. igi
acxadebda, rom misi meuRle arasaTanadod epyroboda ro-
gorc mas, aseve maT Svilebs, xolo erT-erT qaliSvilze seq-
sualurad Zaladobda, Tumca mxolod ori wlis Semdeg cnes
damnaSaved momCivnis meuRle arasaTanado mopyrobisa da
seqsualuri ZaladobisTvis da miusajes Tavisuflebis aR-
kveTa 4 wlis vadiT.
moZaladis damnaSaved cnobamde, kerZod, 2001 wlis mais-
Si, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze saCivris Setanis Semdeg, mom-
Civanma moiTxova droebiTi RonisZiebis miReba, romliTac
misi qmari valdebuli iqneboda, daetovebina maTi saerTo
sacxovrebeli bina. erovnulma sasamarTloebma ar daakma-
yofiles momCivnis moTxovna im motiviT, rom Sesabamisi ka-
nonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ar hqonda ufleba Se-
ezRuda momCivnis meuRlis ufleba sakuTrebis gankargvas-
Tan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba ZalaSi dato-
va saapelacio sasamarTlomac, romelmac miuTiTa, rom mom-
Civans mas Semdeg SeeZlo daewyo warmoeba erToblivi cxov-
rebis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebiT, roca saboloo gadawyve-
tileba iqneboda miRebuli ganqorwinebis Taobaze, Tumca
momCivans SeeZlo, moeTxova brZanebis gamocema, romelic
mis qmars daavaldebulebda, Tavi Seekavebina arasaTanado
qcevisgan.
Sesabamisad, momCivani da misi Svilebi iZulebuli gax-
dnen, ojaxi da megobrebi daetovebinaT da wasuliyvnen sax-
lidan. amis gamo or bavSvs mouwia skolis Secvla.
mogvianebiT, axali kanonmdeblobis miRebis Semdeg, mom-
Civnis gancxadebis safuZvelze gamoica ori brZaneba 2003
wlis ivlissa da 2004 wlis dekemberSi, romliTac mis qmars
214 E.S. and Others v. Slovakia, Application no. 8227/04, September 15, 2009, ix.
https://bit.ly/3i1ESXW [08.01.2021].
267
aekrZala binaSi Sesvla, xolo binis eqskluziuri flobis
ufleba momCivans mieniWa.
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina,
rom slovakeTis mier momCivnisa da misi SvilebisaTvis SeTa-
vazebuli alternatiuli RonisZieba – brZaneba, romliTac
yofil meuRles Tavi unda Seekavebina arasaTanado qmedebi-
sagan, ar warmoadgenda adekvatur dacvas qmrisa da mamisgan
mosalodneli Zaladobisgan, Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom aR-
niSnuli ar miiCnia dacvis efeqtur Sidasaxelmwifoebriv
samarTlebriv saSualebad.
sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom braldebebis arsisa da simZi-
mis gaTvaliswinebiT, momCivansa da mis Svilebs sWirdebo-
daT imwuTieri dacva da ara erTi-ori wlis Semdeg. momCi-
vanma 2003 wlamde, kanonis Secvlamde, ver SeZlo orderis
moTxovna imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom misi yofili meuRle ar
yofiliyo daSvebuli maT sacxovrebel saxlSi. Sesabamisad,
sasamarTlos SefasebiT, am periodis ganmavlobaSi momCivni-
saTvis ar arsebobda efeqturi samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu-
aleba, romliTac igi darwmunebuli iqneboda, rom is da misi
Svilebi iqnebodnen usafrTxod.
adgina konvenciis me-3 da me-8 muxlebis darRveva.
morig saqmeSi, „kontrova slovakeTis winaaRmdeg“, sa-
samarTlom daadgina rogorc sicocxlis uflebis, ise me-13
muxlis – samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani saSualebis uf-
lebis – darRveva. 215
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT: 2002 wlis 2
noembers, momCivanma saCivari waradgina policiaSi meuRlis
winaaRmdeg. momCivani acxadebda, rom meuRle ayenebda Seu-
racxyofas da scemda eleqtrokabelis gamoyenebiT. man wa-
radgina miyenebuli dazianebebis amsaxveli samedicino cno-
bac. mogvianebiT qalma scada saCivris ukan gaxmoba, radgan
Tan misi meuRle axlda, Tumca, policiis TanamSromlis rCe-
215 Kontrovà v. Slovenia, Application no. 7510/04, May 31, 2007, ix.
https://bit.ly/39fUGCn [08.01.2021].
268
vis safuZvelze, Secvala gancxadebis Sinaarsi imgvarad,
rom misi qmris savaraudo qmedebebi ganxiluliyo, rogorc
wvrilmani samarTaldarRvevebi.
saCivris wardgenidan ramdenime kviris Semdeg momCivnis
naTesavma gamoiZaxa policia, radgan momCivnis meuRle To-
fiT iyo SeiaraRebuli da imuqreboda Svilebis mokvliTa
da TviTmkvlelobiT. imave Rames policiaSi msgavsi Setyo-
bineba ganaxorciela momCivanmac. policiis misvlamde mom-
Civnis qmarma SemTxvevis adgili datova. policiis Tanam-
Sromelma momCivani waiyvana misi mSoblebis saxlSi da sTxo-
va, rom momdevno dRes gamocxadebuliyo policiaSi inci-
dentis amsaxveli oficialuri Canaweris Seqmnis mizniT.
aRniSnuli SemTxvevidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg, kerZod,
2002 wlis 31 dekembers, momCivnis qmarma mokla Tavisi ori
arasrulwlovani Svili, Semdeg ki Tavi moikla.
erovnulma sasamarTloebma damnaSaved cnes policiis
ori oficeri uflebamosilebis arajerovani Sesrulebis
gamo.
ganmcxadebeli adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamar-
TloSi davobda, rom saxelmwifom ver uzrunvelyo misi Svi-
lebis sicocxlis dacva maSin, rodesac policiisTvis cno-
bili iyo meuRlis Zaladobrivi da saxifaTo saqcielis Sesa-
xeb. ganmcxadebeli aseve davobda, rom ver SeZlo kompensa-
ciis miReba gancdili moraluri zianis gamo.
mocemul saqmeSi adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasa-
marTlom daadgina konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRveva im mo-
tiviT, rom saxelmwifom ver uzrunvelyo saTanado zomebis
miReba aplikantis Svilebis sicocxlis dasacavad.
Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, policia valdebu-
li iyo, daeregistrirebina ganmcxadeblis saCivari, dau-
yovnebliv daewyo gamoZieba, ganexorcilebina sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi procedurebi meuRlis winaaRmdeg da aRenusxa
am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT policiaSi Sesuli gadaudebeli
da sagangebo zarebi, aseve policias unda mieRo zomebi im
SetyobinebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic exeboda cecxlsas-
roli iaraRis gamoyenebiT Svilebis mokvlis muqaras.
269
problemuri iyo is garemoebac, rom policiis TanamSro-
meli daexmara momCivans, ise Seecvala gancxadebis Sinaarsi,
rom igi ganxiluli yofiliyo, rogorc wvrilmani samar-
TaldarRveva.
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina
konvenciis me-13 muxlis darRvevac im motiviT, rom momCi-
vans ar hqonda SesaZlebloba, miemarTa moraluri zianis
anazRaurebis moTxovniT, romelic mas miadga Svilebis
mkvlelobis gamo.
bavSvis Zaladobrivi garemosgan moSorebisa da gaSvile-
bis sakiTxze imsjela sasamarTlom saqmeSi „i.c. gaerTiane-
buli samefos winaaRmdeg“ 216.
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT: momCivansa
da mis partniors hqondaT ramdenimewliani urTierToba da
2001 wels vaJi SeeZinaT. ori wlis Semdeg meuRleebs Soris,
alkoholis Warbi moxmarebis gamo, incidenti moxda da oja-
xi socialuri samsaxuris yuradRebis qveS moeqca. aRniSnul
ojaxSi Zaladobisa da alkoholis borotad gamoyenebis
ramdenime faqti dafiqsirda, viTareba 2007 wlidan gansa-
kuTrebiT gamwvavda. amas Sedegad mohyva policiis saxlSi
gamoZaxebis araerTi SemTxveva. 2008 wlis ivnisSi adgilob-
rivma xelisuflebam sagangebo damcavi orderi gamosca,
radgan mcirewlovani Svili daSavda mSoblebs Soris morigi
Zaladobis Sedegad. aRniSnul orders mohyva brZaneba dro-
ebiTi mzrunvelobis dawesebis Sesaxeb da bavSvi mindobiT
aRzrdas daeqvemdebara. bavSvis interesebis dacvis mizniT
dainiSna meurve. droebiTi mzrunveloba araerTxel iqna
gagrZelebuli socialuri samsaxuris, bavSvis meurvisa da
fsiqologis detaluri daskvnebis safuZvelze.
mogvianebiT momCivani qmars gaSorda da moiTxova, rom
miecaT ukanaskneli Sansi, Sefasebuliyo misi, rogorc mSob-
lis SesaZleblobebi meuRlesTan daSorebis Semdeg. aRniS-
nuli Sansis sanacvlod, sasamarTlom kidev erTi brZaneba
gamosca droebiTi mzrunvelobis dawesebis Sesaxeb.
216 Y.C. v. the United Kingdom, Application no. 4547/10, March 13, 2012, ix.
https://bit.ly/3oqc9hS [08.01.2021].
270
aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba Seicvala gasaCivrebis etapze
saolqo sasamarTlos mier. kerZod, mosamarTlem daadgina,
rom „gadawyvetilebis gadadebis erTaderT Sedegs warmo-
adgenda mzrunvelobis dawesebis Sesaxeb brZanebis gadadeba
da Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli qmedeba safrTxes uqmnida al-
ternatiuli grZelvadiani meurveobis dawesebis process“.
momCivans uari eTqva saapelacio sasamarTloSi gasaCivreba-
ze da misi vaJi gaSvilebul iqna.
momCivani davobda, rom sasamarTlom uari ganacxada mi-
si, rogorc erTaderTi mzrunvelis, mdgomareobis Sefase-
baze, aseve sasamarTlom ver uzrunvelyo yvela saTanado
garemoebis gaTvaliswineba bavSvis gaSvilebis Sesaxeb ga-
dawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi, rac, misi azriT, konveni-
is me-8 muxlis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom bavSvis gaSvilebis Taobaze mi-
Rebul gadawyvetilebas sakmarisi mizezebi hqonda, xolo
momCivans yvelanairi SesaZlebloba mieca, rom gadawyveti-
lebis miRebis procesSi srulad yofiliyo CarTuli.
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom gaiziara
saolqo sasamarTlos dasabuTeba, rom bavSvis saukeTeso in-
teresebis gaTvaliswinebisas, nebismier Semdgom Sefasebas
SesaZlebeli iyo, gamoewvia garkveuli xarisxis ganxeTqile-
ba bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdasa da emociuri zianis risks So-
ris, amitom miiCnia, rom apelantis Sefaseba verasodes ver
iqneboda sakmarisi mtkicebuleba, raTa gamarTlebuliyo
mzrunvelobis dawesebis Sesaxeb brZanebis gauqmeba momCiv-
nis naklovanebebisa da qmarTan Serigebis ganaxlebis maRa-
li albaTobis gaTvaliswinebiT. aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba
mxolod gaaWianurebda da safrTxis qveS daayenebda xan-
grZlivi meurvis moZiebis SesaZleblobas. sasamarTlom da-
sabuTebulad miiCnia argumenti imis Taobaze, rom momCivnis
mier bavSvis mamasTan urTierTobis aRdgenis riski aras-
rulwlovnis keTildReobas realur safrTxes Seuqmnida.
sasamarTlos SefasebiT, marTalia, bavSvis saukeTeso in-
teresebs warmoadgenda ojaxTan kontaqtis SenarCuneba,
Tumca naTeli iyo, rom bavSvis mSvid da usafrTxo garemoSi
271
ganviTareba ufro mniSvnelovan interess warmoadgenda,
vidre naTesauri kavSiris SenarCuneba. momCivans SesTavazes
Sesabamisi servisebi da mxardaWeris programebi alkoholis
daZlevisa da mSoblis uflebebis ganxorcielebaSi daxmare-
bis kuTxiT. mas Semdeg, rac momCivani meuRles gaSorda, mas
miawodes informacia ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa daxma-
rebis servisebis Taobaze, Tumca momCivans arcerTi prog-
ramiT ar usargeblia. sabolood, igi Seurigda bavSvis mamas.
aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom adgili ar
hqonia konvenciis me-8 muxlis darRvevas, vinaidan bavSvis
gaSvilebis brZaneba miRebuli iyo Sesabamisi da sakmarisi
garemoebebis safuZvelze.
saqmeze „n.w. da sxvebi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg“ sasa-
marTlom koncenciis me-8 muxlis darRveva daadgina erov-
nuli sasamarTloebis mier bavSvebis saukeTeso interesebis
saTanadod Seufaseblobis gamo, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac
maTi jansaRi da usafrTxo garemoSi cxovrebisTvis iyo au-
cilebeli. 217
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT: momCivnis
das, romelmac meuRlesTan urTierToba 2000 wels daiwyo,
sami Svili SeeZina. 2006 wels momCivnis dis qmari (siZe) gasa-
marTlebul iqna narkotikebis ukanono moxmarebisaTvis da
sasjelad ganesazRvra pirobiTi msjavri, xolo 2008 wels
dausves fsiqikuri da qceviTi moSlilobis diagnozi. imave
wels mamakacma daiwyo metadoniT Canacvlebis mkurnalobis
kursis gavla, rac iyo wamaldamokidebulebis mkurnalobis
specializebuli programis nawili. igi 2009 wels dajarimda
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis safuZvel-
ze narkotikebis ukanonod moxmarebis ori SemTxvevis gamo.
2009 wels gardaicvala momCivnis da (bavSvebis deda), xo-
lo arasrulwlovnebi sacxovreblad gadavidnen deidebTan
da bebia-babuasTan dedis mxridan. imave wlis bolos bavSve-
bis mamam moiTxova Svilebis ukan dabruneba, magram momCiv-
nis ojaxma uari ganacxada misi moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze.
217 N.Ts. and Others v. Georgia, Application no. 71776/12, February 2, 2016, ix.
https://bit.ly/2LABxCS [10.01.2021].
272
mamakacis samedicino angariSis Tanaxmad, igi ar warmoad-
genda safrTxes Tavisi an garSemo myofi pirebisaTvis da ga-
aCnda jansaRi cxovrebis dawyebis motivacia. ar iyo dazia-
nebuli misi centraluri nervuli sistema da ar hqonda rai-
me saxis fsiqikuri paTologia.
2010 wels bavSvebis mamam mimarTa sasamarTlos Svilebis
dabrunebis Taobaze. sasamarTlo saqmeSi CarTo socialuri
momsaxurebis saagenti, romelsac unda Seefasebina bavSve-
bis mamisa da dedis ojaxis socialuri garemo da sacxovre-
beli pirobebi. Seswavlis Semdeg socialurma muSakma daad-
gina, rom orive adgilas sacxovrebeli pirobebi damakmayo-
filebeli iyo, xolo bavSvebs esaWiroebodaT mzrunveli da
usafrTxo garemo. aRniSnulis paralelurad, bavSvebs Cau-
tardaT fsiqologiuri Semowmeba. erTi-erTi Semowmebis
Semdeg samive bavSvs daudginda fsiqologiuri aSliloba –
axloblis dakargvis SiSi. samedicino daskvnis Sesabamisad,
samive bavSvs hqonda negatiuri damokidebuleba da sxvadas-
xva saxis SiSi mamis mimarT. sxvadasxva dros bavSvebis fsiqo-
logiuri Semowmebis safuZvelze gaica ramdenime rekomen-
dacia, rom ar unda momxdariyo cvlilebebis Setana aras-
rulwlovnebis sacxovrebel garemoSi, riTac Tavidan iqne-
boda acilebuli maTTvis damatebiTi stresis Seqmna.
amave periodSi sasamarTlom gamosca Sualeduri gankar-
guleba, romelic mamas uflebas aZlevda, enaxa Svilebi oja-
xis ori axloblis TandaswrebiT, xolo mogvianebiT miiRo
gadawyvetileba samive biWis mamisTvis dabrunebis Taobaze.
sasamarTlom gaiTvaliswina mamakacis samedicino istoria
da miuTiTa, rom igi mzad iyo mSoblis pasuxismgeblobis Se-
sasruleblad. sasamarTlom dauSveblad cno bavSvebis fsi-
qikuri janmrTelobis Sesaxeb samedicino angariSi, rogorc
arasando daskvna, vinaidan, sasamarTlos azriT, eqspertTa
Sefasebebi winaaRmdegobaSi modioda saqmis faqtobriv ga-
remoebebTan.
aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba bavSvebis dedis ojaxma gaasa-
Civra saapelacio sasamarTloSi, romelmac gaauqma pirveli
instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da aRniSna, rom
273
bavSvebi unda darCeniliyvnen maTi dedis ojaxSi. mosamar-
Tleebma gaiziares fsiqologTa Sefasebebi imis Taobaze,
rom arasrulwlovnebs sWirdebodaT stabiluri da usaf-
rTxo garemo da nebismier ZaldatanebiT cvlilebas SeiZle-
ba gaeuaresebina maTi stresuli mdgomareoba. Sesabamisad,
bavSvebis mamasTan Segueba unda momxdariyo bunebrivad.
Tumca ramdenime TveSi uzenaesma sasamarTlom saqme xe-
laxali ganxilvisTvis ukan daubruna saapelacio sasamar-
Tlos da miuTiTa, rom qveda instanciis sasamarTlos ga-
dawyvetileba utyuarad ar adgenda mSoblisa da Svilebis
daSorebis aucileblobas.
saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis ganaxlebis
Semdeg socialurma muSakebma ganaxorcieles vizitebi bav-
Svebis dedis ojaxSi. maTi Sefasebis Tanaxmad, bavSvebis fsi-
qo-emociuri mdgomareoba iyo gauaresebuli, bavSvebma ase-
ve gamoxates negatiuri damokidebuleba mamisa da socialu-
ri muSakebis mimarT. socialurma muSakebma angariSSi miu-
TiTebs, rom bavSvebi izrdebodnen erTaderTi mSoblis ga-
reSe maTi mamis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobil garemoSi, xolo
bavSvebis biologiur mamas hqonda adamianuri da materia-
luri resursi, raTa Tavisi SvilebisaTvis Seeqmna saTanado
pirobebi.
sabolood, saapelacio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom bav-
Svebs unda ecxovraT mamasTan. dasabuTebisas sasamarTlom
gamoiyena socialuri muSakebis vizitis Semdeg momzadebu-
li angariSi da aRniSna, rom dedis ojaxma uaryofiTi zemoq-
medeba moaxdina bavSvebze, ramac gansazRvra maTi damokide-
buleba mamis mimarT.
gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba bavSvebis mamisaTvis gada-
cemis Taobaze, ori mcdelobis miuxedavad, warumatebeli
aRmoCnda, vinaidan arasrulwlovnebma uari ganacxades ma-
masTan gadasvlaze.
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom kidev er-
Txel aRniSna, rom konvenciis me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad, mSobli-
sa da bavSvis mier maTi erTad yofniT erToblivi siamovne-
bis miReba qmnida ojaxuri cxovrebis fundamentur ele-
274
ments. Sesabamisad, am muxlis arsebiT mizans warmoadgenda
piris dacva xelisuflebis mxridan TviTneburi qmedebebis-
gan. sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom ojaxuri cxovrebis efeqti-
an „pativiscemas“ axasiaTebda pozitiuri valdebulebebi.
kerZod, me-8 muxli moicavs, erTi mxriv, mSobelTa uflebas,
miiRon zomebi, romlebic maT saSualebas miscems, aRadgi-
non urTierTobebi SvilebTan, xolo, meore mxriv, xelisuf-
lebis valdebulebas, ganaxorcielos Sesabamisi qmedebebi.
es exeba iseT SemTxvevebsac, rodesac warmoiSoba dava mSob-
lebs an/da bavSvebis ojaxis sxva wevrebs Soris arasrul-
wlovnebTan kontaqtisa da maTi sacxovrebeli adgilis gan-
sazRvris Taobaze.
erovnuli xelisuflebis valdebuleba, ganaxorcielos
RonisZiebebi ojaxis gaerTianebis xelSewyobis mizniT, ar
aris absoluturi xasiaTis. mSoblis im bavSvTan xelaxali
gaerTianeba, romelic garkveuli periodi cxovrobs sxva
pirTan, SeiZleba ver moxdes dauyovnebliv da saWiro gax-
des mosamzadebeli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. amgvari
mosamzadebeli RonisZiebebis masStabebi da xangrZlivoba
ki damokidebulia TiToeuli SemTxvevis specifikaze.
rogorc sasamarTlom aRniSna, Tuki mSobelTan kontaqti
safrTxes uqmnis bavSvis saukeTeso interesebs an abrko-
lebs maTi uflebebis ganxorcielebas, saxelmwifom unda
Seqmnas samarTliani balansi. bavSvis saukeTeso interesebi
ki unda warmoadgendes ganxilvis umTavres sagans, rome-
lic, misi bunebidan da seriozulobidan gamomdinare, SeiZ-
leba aWarbebdes mSoblis interesebs.
mocemul saqmeSi sasamarTlom or ZiriTad aspeqtze gaa-
maxvila yuradReba, kerZod: iyvnen Tu ara bavSvebi saTana-
dod CarTuli saqmis warmoebaSi da erovnuli sasamarTloe-
bis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi efuZneboda Tu ara maT
saukeTeso interesebs.
pirvel sakiTxTan mimarTebiT sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom
sami bavSvidan arc erTis uSualo mosmena ar ganxorcilebu-
la arc erT sasamarTlo instanciaSi. sasamarTlom proble-
murad miiCnia is faqti, rom socialuri momsaxurebis saa-
275
gento formalurad CaerTo samarTalwarmoebaSi mxolod
saapelacio etapidan, ris gamoc gaurkveveli mizezebiT ga-
motova pirvel instanciaSi saqmis mTliani ganxilva, xolo
CarTvis Semdeg man miiRo „dainteresebuli mxaris“ statusi,
Tumca saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba
ar iTvaliswinebda raime debulebas „dainteresebuli mxa-
ris“ statusTan an/da mis Semdgom saproceso uflebebTan
dakavSirebiT. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlosTvis gaur-
kveveli iyo, Tu rogor SeZlo socialurma momsaxurebis sa-
agentom efeqturad warmoedgina bavSvebis interesebi, roca
mas gaaCnda formaluri proceduruli roli am saqmeSi.
sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom samarTalwarmoebis or welze
meti xnis ganmavlobaSi, socialuri muSaki bavSvebs mxolod
ramdenjerme Sexvda. misi erTaderTi mizani iyo, moemzade-
bina angariSi maTi sacxovrebeli pirobebisa da emociuri
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. arasrulwlovnebis monitoringisa
da maTTan sando urTierTobis damyarebis mizniT adgili ar
hqonia regularul da xSir vizitebs.
rac Seexeba meore mniSvnelovan garemoebas – saxelmwi-
fos mier bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis gaTvaliswinebas,
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom
erovnulma sasamarTloebma yuradReba ar miaqcies im faqts,
rom bavSvebs ar surdaT mamasTan dabruneba. sasamarTlos
SefasebiT, marTalia, ramdenime angariSi miuTiTebda dedis
ojaxis negatiur damokidebulebas bavSvebis mamis mimarT,
rac warmoadgenda arasrulwlovnebis mamasTan urTierTo-
bis Camoyalibebis faqtors, Tumca rogori rolic ar unda
Seesrulebina dedis ojaxs, calsaxa iyo bavSvebis mtruli
damokidebuleba mamis mimarT. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom da-
askvna, rom mocemul viTarebaSi aseTi radikaluri zomebis
miReba, Sesabamisi mosamzadebeli RonisZiebebis gauTvalis-
wineblad, romlebic miznad isaxavda arasrulwlovnebsa da
maT gaucxoebul mamas Soris urTierTobebis aRdgenaSi da-
xmarebas ewinaaRmdegeboda bavSvebis saukeTeso interesebs.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, bavSvebis saukeTeso in-
tersebis araadekvaturi da calmxrivi Sefasebis gamo, rom-
276
lis drosac ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli maTi emociuri mdgo-
mareoba, sasamarTlom daadgina konvenciis me-8 muxlis dar-
Rveva.
277
goga xatiaSvili
goga xatiaSvili
qalTa da bavSvTa
mimarT Zaladobisa
da ojaxSi Zaladobis saxelmZRvanelo

qalTa da bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobisa
da ojaxSi Zaladobis
saxelmZRvanelo
ISBN 978-9941-8-3351-9
9 7 8 9 9 41 8 3 3 5 1 9

გოგახატიაშვილი - სახელმძღვანელო ქალთა და ბავშვთა მიმართ ძალადობისა და ოჯახში ძალადობის საკითხებზე

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გოგახატიაშვილი - სახელმძღვანელო ქალთა და ბავშვთა მიმართ ძალადობისა და ოჯახში ძალადობის საკითხებზე

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goga xatiaSvili

ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis sakiTxebze

kanonis ganmartebebi da praqtikuli sakiTxebi

ojaxSi Zaladoba kvlav rCeba erT-erT mniSvnelovan ga-

1 ix. https://bit.ly/2OzMHdb [17.03.2021].

1. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis zogadi mimoxilva

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi

4 ganmartebiTi baraTi „ojaxuri Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis

5 detaluri informacia SegiZliaT ix. https://bit.ly/3a4m8Vt [05.01.2021].

ojaxSi Zaladoba erT-erTi yvelaze seriozuli da gav-

6 sxilaZe e., genderuli niSniT motivirebuli qalTa mkvlelobebi: sa-

8 praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo mosamarTleebisa da prokurorebisTvis

mamakaci sistematurad Seuracxyofda da amcirebda meuR-

rac Seexeba ojaxSi Zaladobas, masac aqvs Sesabamisi maxa-

3. Zaladobis xelSemwyobi mizezebi da risk-faqtore-

qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladoba aris kontrolisa da

10 saxelmZRvanelo policielTaTvis ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze, av-

13 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb

16 melaSvili l., amirejibi e., Zaladobrivi qcevis gamomwvevi risk-faq-

18 melaSvili l., amirejibi e., Zaladobrivi qcevis gamomwvevi risk-faq-

20 xatiaSvili g., sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo procesebis monitorin-

4. ojaxis wevris cneba

kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrulia im pirTa wre, romlebic

22 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis erovnuli kvleva saqarTveloSi, gaeros qal-

mocemuli CamonaTvali ojaxis wevrebad ar moiazrebs na-

23 „Svilad ayvanisa da mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni,

24 ganmartebiTi baraTi „saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi cvlilebe-

26 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, muxli 12.

5. Zaladobis formebi da elementebi

„qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkve-

28 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 27 ianvris №487ap-16 ga-

fizikuri Zaladoba – cema, wameba, janmrTelobis dazia-

29 rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 10 Tebervlis №3-7-20 ga-

32 Telavis raionuli sasamarTlos 2019 wlis 12 aprilis №3/25-19 gadaw-

fizikuri Zaladoba – 60 wlis petre saxlSi daRlili dab-

partniorul urTierTobaSi myofi 15-64 wlis qalebis

33 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis erovnuli kvleva saqarTveloSi, gaeros qal-

ojaxSi Zaladobis dinamikis warmosadgenad arsebobs

34 saxelmZRvanelo policielTaTvis ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze, av-

qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis gamov-

1. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg

sisxlisamarTlebrivi meqanizmebi gamoiyeneba im Sem-

35 komentarebi konvenciis debulebebTan dakavSirebiT, evropis sabWo,

36 ganmartebiTi baraTi „saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi

1.1 ojaxSi Zaladoba

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi calke Semadgenlobad gani-

37 ganmartebiTi baraTi „saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi

amdenad, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 126-e prima muxliT

38 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2018 wlis 13 dekembris №355ap-18

fizikuri Zaladoba gulisxmobs cemas an sxvagvar Zala-

39 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 10 aprilis №792ap-19

fizikuri Zaladobis sxvadasxva formebis sailustraci-

1. nasvam mdgomareobaSi myofma kacma meuRles ramdenjerme

2. mamam mis arasrulwlovan Svils Zlierad moqaCa Tmebi, ra-

3. mamam arasrulwlovan Svils orjer gaartya xeli marjve-

40 zestafonis raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 11 oqtombris ganaCeni,

fsiqologiuri Zaladoba gulisxmobs Seuracxyofas,

41 zugdidis raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 8 noembris ganaCeni, ix. xa-

42 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2020 wlis 29 maisis №733ap-18 ga-

fsiqologiuri Zaladobis sailustraciod qvemoT moce-

oliveri da izabela ramdenime wlis win daqorwindnen. bo-

rac Seexeba Zaladobis Sedegad tkivilisa da tanjvis ga-

44 zugdidis raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 8 noembris ganaCeni, ix. xa-