FEDRAL URDU UNIVERSITY ARTS SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
COMMUNICATION SKILLS (STA-509)
SEMESTER V

ASSIGMENTS OF DIFFERENT TOPICS

SUBMITTID TO: SUBMITTID BY:

SIR WASEEM ALINA ISLAM
SUBMITION DATE: SEAT NO:
16-JULY-2021 12072002
CONTENTS
ASSAIGMENTS PAGE NO

 Theme ASSIGNMENT 1-3

 Main Idea 4-6
 Point of View 7 - 13
 Identifying Text Structure 13 - 16
 Fact and Opinion 17 - 20
 TOPIC SENTENCES PARAGRAPH 20 - 21
 REPORT WRITING 21 - 23
 ESSAY WRITING 23 - 26
 CV WRITING 27 - 28
 COVER LETTER 29
 PRECISE WRITING TASK 30
 Memo Writing Task 31 - 32
ASSIGNMENT 01
Theme ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Determine what the theme is for each story and explain your answer. Remember, a theme is a lesson or message in the story. Write in
complete sentences.

1. Barry liked playing board games, but he hated losing. He hated losing so much that he would do whatever it took to win, even bending or
breaking the rules. He'd steal money from the bank and hide it under the couch cushions. He'd skip spaces while he was moving around the board.
He'd shortchange others money that they were owed and argue with them about it. Barry's techniques were effective. He did win most of the
games that he played, but the people whom he played with were his friends and family, and it didn't take too long until they caught on to Barry's
tricks. They tried to tell Barry to stop cheating. They said that the game wasn't any fun when he cheated, but he didn't listen. He continued with his
treacherous style of gameplay, until nobody would play with him anymore. Barry may have won a lot of games, but at what cost?
What is the theme of the story?
ANSWER: wining is not everything

What happens in the story that leads you to believe this?

ANSWER: because he hated losing and he would whatever for wining and he breaking the rules

2. It was Sean's first day at a new high school. Most of the students had been nice to him, until he got into gym class. The coach had assigned two
captains, Mike and Malik, and they were picking teams from the boys in Sean's class. As Mike and Malik made their picks, it became pretty clear to
Sean who was popular and who was not. Since Sean was short for his age, Mike and Malik just assumed that Sean could not play basketball. As
Mike and Malik's choices dwindled, Sean still remained amongst an ever-slimming pool of struggling athletes. Now there were only two students
left: Sean and another kid who seemed nice but was reading a book. Mike and Malik joked about who was going to get stuck with whom, and then
Mike made his last pick. It was not Sean. Sean sighed and reluctantly joined Malik's team. As soon as the game began, Mike became aware of the
error that he had made. Sean quickly stole the ball from him and ran it back for a layup. "The new kid got lucky," Mike remarked, but it soon
became clear that Sean had more going for him than luck. What Sean lacked in height, he made up for in speed, and he continued to dominate the
action on the court for the remainder of the game. With Sean's blazing speed and crazy crossovers, Malik's team devastated Mike's, and that was
the only time that Sean would be last pick at that high school. 1
What is the theme of the story?
ANSWER: appearance can be deceiving

What happens in the story that leads you to believe this?

ANSWER: because Sean did not play the basketball .. but Sean going to for thank him luck..

3. Blaine opened up the present and began pouting. He screamed in a high-pitched voice, "This is Captain Thunder! I wanted Captain Lightning!" His
mother looked at him with dismay and handed him another present, which he greedily opened. "Why did you get me a red hat? You know I like
blue more," Blaine whined as he threw the hat across the room. His mother straightened her expression and squinted at him. Earlier she had hoped
to take some pictures of this moment, but by now she had put away her camera. She sighed and handed him one more present in hopes that this
year wouldn't be a total bust. Blaine huffed and opened it. "A Game Box 4000… wow. Where's the Game Box 5000 that I asked for?" His mother
could bear his ingratitude no longer. The next time that Blaine returned from his father's house, he was shocked to find that all of these toys and
gifts, along with many other of his things, had been generously donated to needy children.
What is the theme of the story?
ANSWER: Be grateful for the blessings that come your way.
What happens in the story that leads you to believe this?
ANSWER: because Blaine’s mother gifted him lot of gifts but his expectation more and more ..

4. Jimmy and Eric were huddled by the tire swing. "Why did Scott have to take the kickball? He knows we play kickball at recess." Jimmy whined.
"Maybe we could just do something else." Eric suggested. "No, I'm going to get back our kickball," countered Jimmy. Scott was bouncing the
kickball against the wall by himself when Jimmy approached him. "Give us back our kickball, Scott!" Jimmy shouted. Scott looked up and down at
Jimmy and then continued bouncing the ball against the wall. Jimmy ran up to Scott and tried to snatch the ball as it passed from the wall back to
Scott, but he was too slow. He missed and fell onto the gravel and cried out, "Ow! See what you did, Scott!" By now Eric had joined the other two
boys and he made a suggestion: "Hey, Scott, maybe we could all play together." Scott looked at him skeptically, but Eric's warm expression
convinced him of his sincerity. "Ok," Scott muttered as he helped Jimmy back to his feet and asked, "What do you want to play?" The boys agreed
on kickball and used the remaining recess time to play. Jimmy and Eric agreed that it was a lot more fun to play with three people and Scott
became a regular addition to their recess activities.
What is the theme of the story? 2
ANSWER: It's more enjoyable to share.
What happens in the story that leads you to believe this?
ANSWER: Jimmy and Eric plays the football but they are not enjoy. Then he added more boys to play it was lot of fun.

5. Genevieve was obsessed with details. She felt that everything that she submitted to her teacher had to be perfect. For the final project in reading
class, students were given one week to use their art skills to bring a scene from a novel to life. Genevieve decided that she would build a shoebox
diorama. She spent the first two nights creating an intricately detailed scene far superior to anything that her classmates would produce, but she
ended up throwing it away because she didn't like how tape was visible at the bottom of the diorama. The next two nights she worked on a similar
diorama, but this time she used glue. Again, Genevieve produced a beautiful product, but she was troubled by how the glue looked when it dried,
so she discarded her work again. Over the weekend and into the next week, Genevieve recreated the project a third time. This time she used a
special adhesive putty to construct the diorama and was completely satisfied with the appearance. Unfortunately, her project was now several
days late and her grade on the assignment was lowered to a C.
What is the theme of the story?
ANSWER: don't sweat the small stuff
What happens in the story that leads you to believe this?
ANSWER: if Genevieve use glue on her project at that time. So he submitted her project on the time and received a high grade on her assignment.

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 ASSIGNMENT 02
Main Idea
Directions: Read each passage and ask yourself, "What is the author doing in this paragraph?" Write your answer in the summary box and then
think of an appropriate title for the passage based on the main idea of the passage.

1. A penny for your thoughts? If it’s a 1943 copper penny, it could be worth as much as fifty thousand dollars. In 1943, most pennies were made
out of steel since copper was needed for World War II, so the 1943 copper penny is ultra-rare. Another rarity is the 1955 double die penny. These
pennies were mistakenly double stamped, so they have overlapping dates and letters. If it’s uncirculated, it’d easily fetch $25,000 at an auction.
Now that’s a pretty penny.

Don't sweat the small stuff. The 1943 copper penny is worth a lot of money. Because copper was
scarce throughout the war, there aren't many. The 1955 double die penny is also quite valuable.
On accident, these pennies were stamped twice.

An appropriate title: Some pennies can be very rare and valuable.

2. Before you put on that skeleton costume and rove door-to-door pandering for candy, take a minute to reflect on this tradition. Halloween is
believed to have come from an ancient Celtic festival dating back some 2,000 years. November 1st was the Celtic New Year and marked the end of
summer to the Celts. They celebrated on its eve by wearing costumes made of animal skins and dancing around bon fires. Over the next two
millennia, this primitive celebration grew to be the candy fueled costume ball that we know today.
In the United States, we celebrate Halloween by dressing up in costumes and going trick-or-
treating. Halloween, as we know it now, is said to have originated as an old Celtic celebration.

An appropriate title: The History of Halloween 4

3. When one hears the term "reality" applied to a show, one might expect that the events portrayed occurred naturally or, at the least, were not
scripted. This is not always the case. Many reality shows occur in unreal environments, like rented mansions occupied by film crews. Such living
environments do not reflect what most people understand to be "reality." Worse, there have been accusations that events not captured on film
were later restaged by producers. Worse still, some involved in the production of "reality" television claim that the participants were urged to act
out story lines premeditated by producers. With such accusations floating around, it's no wonder many people take reality TV to be about as real
as the sitcom.
People believe that reality programmes are entirely natural, however this is not always the case,
since some reality shows are written and not real.

An appropriate title: Sometimes the reality isn't what it appears to be.

4. It is estimated that over twenty million pounds of candy corn are sold in the US each year. Brach’s, the top manufacturer, sells enough candy
corn to circle the earth 4.25 times if each piece were laid end to end. That’s a lot of candy corn, but that’s nothing compared to the production of
Tootsie Rolls. Over 64 million Tootsie Rolls are produced every day! But even Tootsie Rolls have got nothing on the candy industry’s staple product:
chocolate. Confectioners manufacture over twenty billion pounds of chocolate in the United States each year. Now that’s a mouthful!

Many different varieties of sweets are produced in huge quantities in the United States.

An appropriate title: candy corn, Tootsie Rolls, and chocolate are made in enormous quantities.

5. Screech! When a driver pushes on the brake pedal, it initiates a process that causes the vehicle to stop in motion. We literally trust braking
systems with our lives every time we get into a vehicle or cross at a busy intersection. How does this life-critical process work? It begins when the
pedal is pushed. At this moment brake fluid is released into the braking mechanisms. As the fluid collects, this creates a leverage, which causes a
friction to be applied. This friction will create a force that will cause the wheels to stop and allow you to reach your destination safely. Beep! Beep!
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When you press the brake pedal, the brake fluid is pushed into the braking systems, generating a
 leverage that produces friction, which causes the wheels to stop.

An appropriate title: Our Life-Saving Brakes: The Braking System

6. There are many types of lethal venom in the animal kingdom, but perhaps no stranger carrier than the platypus. The platypus is one of few
venomous mammals. Male platypus carry a venom cocktail in their ankle spurs. This venom incapacitates victims with excruciating pain. Stranger
still, the platypus is the only mammal that uses electroreception. That means that the platypus uses its bill to sense the electricity produced by the
muscular movements of its prey. Electroreception is a sixth sense different from seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling. Perhaps most odd, the
platypus is the only mammal that lays eggs rather than giving birth to live young. What an odd creature indeed.
The platypus is an unusual species since it is one of the few poisonous mammals and also
employs electroreception.

An appropriate title: strange and uniques attributes of the platypus.

7. Yellowstone National Park is mainly located in Wyoming, although three percent is located in the state of Montana. The Continental Divide of
North America runs diagonally through the southwestern part of the park. The park sits on the Yellowstone Plateau, which is an average elevation
of 8,000 feet above sea level. This plateau is bounded on nearly all sides by mountain ranges. There are 290 waterfalls that are at least fifteen feet
in the park, the highest being the Lower Falls of the Yellowstone River, which falls 308 feet.

Yellowstone National Park is mostly located in Wyoming and is situated on the Yellowstone
Plateau, which is bisected by the Continental Divide of North America.

An appropriate title: physical features of Yellowstone Park.

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ASSIGNMENT 03
Point of View
Directions: determine from which perspective the passage is narrated. If it is third-person, circle each time characters' thoughts or feelings are
narrated. Explain your answers in the box.

Viewpoints: first-person, second-person, third-person objective, third-person limited, and third-person

omniscient.

1. The birds were chirping and the sun was shining. Kevin and Juno were sitting on a park bench together. Neither of them was smiling. After a long
period of silence, Kevin said, "This isn't going to work. I mean, you're a dog person and I'm a cat person." Juno nodded. A tear rolled down her face.
Kevin went on, "If we got married and bought a house, what kind of pet would we get? Some kind of cat-dog? Somebody's going to be unhappy."
Juno began sobbing and said, "Ok, let's just end it now. Have fun with your slobbery dogs." She jumped off the bench and ran into the woods.
Narrator's Perspective: Third-Person Objective
I know it's third person objective since the narrator is just recounting the scene, not Kevin and Juno's feelings or ideas.

2. The dew on the grass made my running shoes damp. It didn't bother me. The sound of my feet hitting the street formed a rhythm, a steady
pattern of light thumps. I timed my breathing with the rhythm. These sounds filled my head. I thought of nothing other than the next step and
keeping my tempo. I soared over the sidewalks like concrete clouds. 7
Narrator's Perspective: First Person
 because the author thinking that the time is running

3. Red looked across the prairie. He didn't see anything concerning. He wondered why Texas Joe had hollered like that. Texas Joe turned to him.
The ghost that Texas Joe had just seen was gone. Texas Joe swatted at the air. Now he felt crazy. "You have to believe me, Red. It was just here,"
said Texas Joe. Red scowled at him in disbelief. "What was just here, Joe?" he asked. Red was angry with Texas Joe for disturbing his sleep for no
apparent reason.
Narrator's Perspective: Omniscient third person
BECAUSE THE NARRATOR REVEALS MORE THAN ONE CHARACTER'S INTERNAL THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS (RED AND TEXAS JOE),

4. If you are confused about something in class, don't wait. Raise your hand and ask for help immediately. Do it while your teacher is still explaining
the material. Your teacher will probably be happy that you are taking an active part in your education and should attempt to explain the material in
a different way. If you are still confused, ask your teacher if he or she is available after class to give you additional instruction. You are worth it.
Don't give up on yourself.
Narrator's Perspective: Second Person
BECAUSE THERE IS GIVING THOUGHTS FOR SECOND PERSON

5. Jeremiah squinted from the sun. He was thinking about the game. They could have won. He could have won the game for them. All he needed
to do was catch the ball, but he didn't. He dropped it. His coach talked to him. "Jeremiah, we had a great season. Nobody's perfect. Look at me. Ha
ha," he said. Jeremiah smiled at the coach, but he couldn't forgive himself so easily.
Narrator's Perspective: Third Person Limited

Third Person Limited narrator reveals the thoughts of one character (Jeremiah)
6. Suzie applied the lipstick to her lips. She had never done this before. She smacked her lips like she had seen other women do in the movies and
looked in the mirror. She felt unsure about what she saw. She turned to her friend Donna and asked, "How do I look?" Donna gasped and said, "You
look breathtaking, Suzie." Suzie smiled. She was grateful for these words, even though she didn't believe them.
Narrator's Perspective: Third Person

Suzie's thoughts and feelings are revealed via a third-person limited narrator.

7. April opened the escape hatch. She was afraid to jump, but she realized that the airship was sinking. She looked at Vince, who was strapping on
his parachute. Vince locked eyes with her and then he realized the error in his conduct. "I'm sorry, April. That was ungentlemanly of me. Let me
help you with yours." He proceeded to attach the other parachute to April's back. This made him feel a little better.
Narrator's Perspective: Third Person Omniscient

April and Vince's thoughts and feelings are revealed through a third-person omniscient narrator.

8. The parade marched down the street. It was led by a caped drummer. He set a stately pace and tapped the accompanying rhythm. A marching
band followed behind him, matching his pace. Behind the band were floats of all sizes and designs. Children and adults were riding on the floats,
tossing out penny candies, streamers, and plastic prizes. The street was lined with people. The noises of revelry filled the streets.
Narrator's Perspective: Third Person Objective
Only action and speech are revealed by the third person objective narrator, who does not divulge any character thoughts or feelings.

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9. The bell rang. "Oh no! I'm going to be late for science! I've got to go," said Cassie to her friend Tom. Tom rolled his eyes and said, "Little Miss
Perfect can't be late." This upset Cassie. She hated when people gave her a hard time for trying to do the right thing, especially Tom. "Quiet you,"
she said while swinging at Tom with her folder. He narrowly dodged the strike and said, "Be careful now. Attacking another student is a level two
offense." Then he smiled a big, cheesy grin at her.
Narrator's Perspective: Third Person Limited

Cassie's thoughts and feelings are revealed by the narrator in third person limited.

10. You look at the blueprints laid before you. You have no idea how to read them. "Why did I lie to get this job?" you wonder to yourself. The men
in the room are watching you. The man in the suit who hired you asks, "Well, what do you think about these plans? Should we go for it?" You pick
up the blueprints and pretend to study them carefully. "Um, well, have we done any fault testing?" you ask. The man in the suit squints at you and
says, "Fault testing? What's fault testing?" To buy yourself time in a really smooth way you say, "Uhh..."
Narrator's Perspective: Second Person.

You and your voice are used in the second person told from your point of view.

11. A bus drove by Kiko as she sat on the park bench. A woman pushed a double stroller with a set of twins down the sidewalk. Several pigeons
approached Kiko. "Go away, flying rats. I do not have any food for you," Kiko shouted at the birds. They squawked and flew off. Kiko crossed her
legs and took a deep breath. She picked up the newspaper, flipped through a few pages, and put it back down. Then her phone rang.
Narrator's Perspective: 3rd person

The narrator telling the Kiko’s scenes with rats

12. "You already told me that story," said Shanice. She looked genuinely disappointed. I laughed awkwardly. "Sorry," I said, "I didn't mean to bore
you with a rerun." I tried to laugh it off but she just wouldn't let it go. "Don't you even consider your listener before you tell a story?" she 10
inquired acerbically. This caught me off guard. I replied, "I'm just trying to keep you entertained, Shanice." I pleaded. She smacked me down with
another sharp comment, "Yeah, well, you should try harder."
Narrator's Perspective: 1st Person

Here the first person telling her own views

13. The scarecrow sagged on the pole. The corn reached for the heavens. A man dressed in gray was walking through the cornfield. The field
rustled as he parted the spears. Soon he reached a breach in the field. A road cut across the landscape. The man in gray began walking down the
road toward the sun. He walked to a farmhouse and knocked on the door. A man in a white shirt opened the door. "May I help you?" the white
shirted man asked. The man in gray responded, "My name is Julius Cornwall. I've travelled from the future to deliver a message to you."
Narrator's Perspective: 3rd Person

Here the narrator telling the story another person

14. Pete didn't feel like doing homework. He felt like playing baseball. He grabbed his mitt off the shelf and began to fantasize about being out in
the field. His fantasy was interrupted shortly by the opening of his bedroom door. It was his mom. She started to yell, "Pete, you're not failing
baseball class! You're failing math class! You need to study. Put the mitt away!" Pete put the mitt away, but he didn't know the first thing about
studying math.
Narrator's Perspective: 3rd person
here the 3rd person telling the feelings of Pete

15. Penny pedaled her bike as quickly as she could, but she couldn't seem to build up enough speed. She started rolling down the hill. "I can't do it,"
she thought to herself. Her friend Melissa was riding behind her. "Keep trying! Stand up on your pedals. You can do it!" Melissa shouted. Penny
decided to take her advice. She stood up on the pedals and put all of her weight into the climb. She started going up the hill. This made Penny very
happy. "Thanks Melissa!" she said as she got to the top of the hill. Melissa smiled and said, "What are friends for?" 11
Narrator's Perspective: 3rd person

The narrator is not a character in the tale; instead, he or she uses pronouns to describe all of the
 action.

16. As you buckle your seatbelt, safety instructions are broadcast over the inflight system. A stewardess models the actions in sync with the
broadcast. You turn to your right. An extremely rotund man is snoring. He looks like he is about to fall onto your shoulder. You look to your left. You
see a man with a Mohawk is listening to loud punk music. You can hear it as though your were the one wearing headphones. You sigh and pull up
your tray table as instructed.
Narrator's Perspective: 2nd Person

The narrative is recounted from the perspective of a bystander, who is you, the reader.

17. The sun was rising. Ivan saw the light piercing through the drawn curtains in his bedroom and knew that he would have to get up soon. He
hadn't been sleeping for the last hour. He had been thinking about the future. He nudged his wife Nadia. Nadia came to slowly. She smiled, still
thinking about the pleasant dream that she had been having, until she looked at Ivan's face. She could tell that something was wrong.
Narrator's Perspective: 3rd person

Here the third person revel the someone’s thinking

18. The green ooze dripped slowly down the steps. We didn't have a Geiger counter with us, but if we had, I bet that it would have been beeping. I
noticed Chris moving toward the ooze and said, "Chris, don't!" but it was too late. Chris dipped the front part of his shoe in the ooze and the ooze
burned the sole off his shoe instantly. Then it melted his sock, and then it began to go to work on his foot. Vanessa began licking her lips. "I wonder
what it tastes like," she said. I screamed, "No Vanessa! Don't!"
Narrator's Perspective: the first person
12

First person to tell him own story

19. Carrie and Kylie giggled. Neither of them knew what they had just found. They thought that they had discovered a cool looking rock. They had
no idea that they were holding a real life dinosaur egg. This surprise would dawn on them later, when they brought the egg home. Carrie was using
the egg as a paperweight, so she kept the egg under her desk lamp. But this egg would soon hatch, and Carrie and Kylie were about to have the
adventure of a lifetime.
Narrator's Perspective: third person objective

A third-person narrator reveals Carrie and Kylie's thoughts and feelings.

ASSIGNMENT 04
Identifying Text Structure
Directions: Read the passages. Identify the text structure. Write information from the passage into the appropriate graphic organizer.

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Which passage is chronological? Which passage is compare and contrast? Which passage is sequence?
Put information from the passage onto the graphic Put information from the passage onto the graphic Put information from the passage onto the graphic
organizer. organizer. organizer.

Passage Name: the best PB and J ever Passage Name: chemical and physical changes Passage Name: screen protector
What is being compared & contrasted?

4.
First Event

Third Event Ways Similar Ways Different 3.

1. 1.
Earliest Point Most Recent Point in Time
In Time 2.
2. 2.
Second Event
3. 3. 1.

Which passage is cause and effect? Which passage is problem and solution? Which passage is chronological?

Put information from the passage onto the graphic Put information from the passage onto the graphic Put information from the passage onto the graphic
organizer. organizer. organizer.

Passage Name: the great Recession Passage Name: save the tiger Passage Name: Bobby Fischer

Cause #1 Solution
Effect Problem First Event

Third Event

Solution Earliest Point Most Recent Point in Time

Cause #2 In Time

Second Event
Passage #1 – Chemical and Physical Changes

All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and physically. Both chemical and physical
changes affect the state of matter. Physical changes are those that do not change the make-up or
identity of the matter. For example, clay will bend or flatten if squeezed, but it will still be clay. Changing
the shape of clay is a physical change, and does not change the matter’s identity. Chemical changes turn
the matter into a new kind of matter with different properties. For example, when paper is burnt, it
becomes ash and will never be paper again. The difference between them is that physical changes are
temporary or only last for a little while, and chemical changes are permanent, which means they last
forever. Physical and chemical changes both affect the state of matter.

ANSWER: compare and contrast

Passage #2 – The Best PB & J Ever

When I got home from school after a long boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly, and bread.
After taking the lid off of the jars, I spread the peanut butter on one side of the bread and the jelly on
the other, and then I put the two pieces of bread together. After that, I enjoyed it while watching
“Cops” on the TV. I swear, that was the best peanut butter and jelly sandwich I ever ate.

ANSWER: chronological

Passage #3 – Bobby Fischer

Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago but unlocked the secrets of chess in a Brooklyn apartment
right above a candy store. At the age of six he taught himself to play by following the instruction
booklet that came with his chess board. After spending much of his childhood in chess clubs, Fischer
said that, “One day, I just got good.” That may be a bit of an understatement. At the age of 13 he won
the U.S. Junior Chess Championship, becoming the youngest Junior Champion ever. At the age of 14 he
won the U.S. Championship and became the youngest U.S. Champion in history. Fischer would go on to
become the World Champion of chess, but he would also grow to become his own worst enemy.
Instead of defending the title, he forfeited it to the next challenger without even making a move, and
the rise of a chess superstar ended with a fizzle.

ANSWER: chronological

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Passage #4 – Save the Tigers

Dr. Miller doesn’t want the tigers to vanish. These majestic beasts are disappearing at an alarming rate.
Dr. Miller thinks that we should write to our congress people. If we let them know that we demand the
preservation of this species, maybe we can make a difference. Dr. Miller also thinks that we should
donate to Save the Tigers. Our donations will help to support and empower those who are fighting the
hardest to preserve the tigers. We owe it to our grandchildren to do something.

ANSWER: problem and solution

Passage #5 – The Great Recession

Many people are confused about why our economy went to shambles in 2008. The crisis was actually
the result of a combination of many complex factors. First, easy credit conditions allowed people who
were high-risk or unworthy of credit to borrow, and even people who had no income were eligible for
large loans. Second, banks would bundle these toxic loans and sell them as packages on the financial
market. Third, large insurance firms backed these packages, misrepresenting these high-risk loans as
safe investments. Fourth, because of the ease of acquiring credit and the rapid growth in the housing
market, people were buying two or three houses, intending to sell them for more than they paid. All of
these factors created bubbles of speculation. These bubbles burst, sending the whole market into a
downward spiral, causing employers to lose capital and lay off employees. Consumer spending then
plummeted and most businesses suffered. The economy is like a big boat, and once it gets moving
quickly in the wrong direction, it’s hard to turn it around.

ANSWER: cause and effect

Passage #6 – Screen Protector

Before applying the screen protector, clean the surface of your phone’s screen with a soft cloth. Once
the surface of your screen is clean, remove the paper backing on the screen protector. Evenly apply the
sticky side of the screen protector to your phone’s screen. Smooth out any air bubble trapped on
between the protector and the phone screen. Enjoy the added protection.

ANSWER: sequence

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ASSIGNMENT 05
Fact and Opinion
Directions: Read each statement and then circle whether it is a fact or opinion. Explain your
answer.
1. The fastest land dwelling creature is the Cheetah.
Fact , Explain: this can be measured in mph. It is the fastest creature on land.

2. Michael Jordan has a career average of 30.4 points per game.

Fact Explain: Because he consistently wins 30.4 percent of the time.

3. George Washington was the first President of the United States under the Constitution.
Fact Explain: because he was the United States' first president

4. The ugliest sea creature is the manatee.

Opinion Explain: ugly is in the eye of the beholder.

5. Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.

Fact Explain: He has a 30.4 point per game average.

6. There seems to be too much testing in public schools.

Fact Explain: Because I've heard that many schools have been subjected to testing.

7. Prison is one of the worst places on the planet.

Opinion Explain: Because if you go there frequently, it will become one of the worst locations
for you to visit.

8. It is wrong for people under the age of 21 to drink alcohol. 17

Opinion Explain: because under the Muslim state, outlaws are not allowed to marry until they
are of legal age

9. Sister Carrie was written by Theodore Dreiser.

Fact Explain: She was the one who wrote the book.

10. Lord of the Rings: Return of the King won eleven Oscars (Academy Awards).
Fact Explain: since it was nominated and has the greatest photographs

11. Oranges contain both calcium and vitamin C.

Fact , Explain: This assertion is correct since all oranges contain vitamin C.

12. Richard Pryor is the funniest comedian of all time.

Fact Explain: because it depicts improper behaviour and isn't funny at all

13. Diamonds are the hardest substance on Earth.

Fact Explain: because any natural process pales in comparison to the diamond

14. McDonalds sells more hamburgers than any other restaurant chain in the world.
Opinion Explain: You can count the number of hamburgers sold by a restaurant chain, and
McDonald's sells the most.

15. Horse manure smells awful.

Fact Explain: Horse dung is poo, after all.

16. The price of gas has grown to become too expensive.

Fact Explain: Because it was 53 cents in 1974 and is now about 40,50, or 60 dollars.
18
17. Chicken has more protein than carrots.
Fact Explain: Chicken breast is a good source of protein and contains more than carrots:
carrots have 0.93 grams of protein per 100 grams, whereas chicken breast has 31 grams.

18. The more money someone has the more successful they are.
Opinion Explain: Success can be defined in a variety of ways. For example, the world's
wealthiest individual may not be the happy.

19. Vegetarians are healthier than people who eat meat.

Opinion Explain: People can be healthier than vegetarians,

20. Cell phones emit radiation that may or may not cause brain cancer.
Fact Explain: since there is a strong link between the two via a mobile phone

21. Students have a lot harder time in school than the teachers.
Opinion Explain: You can't compare which is more difficult because they both require action.
various things. This implies that they can't be measured and a decision can't be made. a direct
parallel

22. Popular music today is not as good as it was in the past.

Opinion Explain: Because there is a lot more cool music now, and much of it is old music.

23. It is illegal to yell out “Fire” in a crowded movie theater.

Opinion Explain: Because if no one gets out, everything, including themselves, will catch fire.

24. People should not be allowed to talk on cell phones in a movie theater.
Fact Explain: Because if you chat on your phone while viewing a movie, you will be booted
out, and it will distract other people.
19
25. Drunk drivers belong in prison.
Fact Explain: because they are deserving of their punishment for risking others' lives.

ASSIGNMENT 06
TOPIC SENTENCES
PARAGRAPH
There are many reasons why pollution in ABC Town is the worst in the world. The "I Trust
My Legs" gold mine in Ghana is a local affair, where miners shift silt from rudimentary pits and
then combine it with mercury. The element (a toxic metal that can cause brain damage) captures
all the gold in the dirt and then, when the mixture is heated, dissipates into the air, leaving just
gold bits behind. Unfortunately, in what is known as artisanal mining, the mercury also enters the
lungs of miners, their families and others nearby. The United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO) estimates that some 15 million miners, their families and neighbors
(including 4.5 million women and 600,000 children) are affected by the fumes, which are known
to cause brain damage and even death. Many of these problems, including untreated sewage and
urban air pollution, have either been solved or diminished in the developed world, and there's no
reason they couldn't also be solved in the developing world, Fuller says. "It's a doable, solvable
problem."

To be an effective CEO requires certain characteristics. There are many possible contributing
factors to global warming. The topic is "contributing factors to global warming" and the
controlling factor is "many reasons.

There are many possible contributing factors to global warming. Global warming is an
aspect of climate change, referring to the long-term rise of the planet's temperatures. It is caused
by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly from human
activities such as burning fossil fuels, and farming.

Fortune hunters encounter many difficulties when exploring a shipwreck. When people find
sunken ships wrecks, for example, the Titanic. Not just treasures but hidden dangers that lurk
deep under water.

Crime in poverty-stricken areas occurs because of a systemic discrimination. The topic is "crime
in poverty stricken areas" and the controlling idea is "systemic discrimination." Discrimination
induces poverty for sure, reflected in higher unemployment, higher long-term unemployment,
social assistance payments, lower wages compared to the non-discriminated population. 20
Also poverty may isolate some people and impose a social stigma from them, which results in
discrimination. Anyone can be a victim of crime – but not everyone is. A person’s chances of
falling victim to crime varies significantly depending on their age, where in the country they live

Cooking requires a number of different skills. This could discuss the fact that cooking can be
quite a simple task as well as a rather complicated one. It could bring in celebrity chefs and how
they have got to where they are because of the extraordinary cooking skills they have.

Remodeling a kitchen successfully requires research and a good eye. Remodeling your
kitchen ensure you upgrade it to the perfect new version. Overall Design Don’t get too
sidetracked by an over enthusiastic designer. You need to live in your kitchen so make sure the
final design is for a functional kitchen as well as a good looking one. a fabulous looking kitchen
that pleases your family and adds value to your home.

ASSIGNMENT 07
REPORT WRITTING
Question No: - 1
An Exhibition was organized at Expo center Karachi. Different companies from different sector including
telecommunication, Artificial Intelligence, electronics, automobile and IT. As a reporter for your
department’s newsletter, write a short report of 300 to 400 words. Invent necessary details.
REPORT Exhibition was conducted from different sector including telecommunication, Artificial
Intelligence, electronics, automobile and IT. ALINA ISLAM
14 July 2021
On 09/07/2021, An Exhibition was organized at Expo center Karachi from different sector including
telecommunication, Artificial Intelligence, electronics, automobile and IT. The exhibition proved to be
a huge success, as all the companies from the various sectors participated and showcased other mind-
boggling products for their domains.
The telecommunications industry has touched on the fact that it has not stopped developing since then,
apart from connecting globally and making global connectivity possible, it continues to introduce new
technologies like all new 5G technologies. The fast internet is shown in front of a large audience and all
its features are enough to change your mind.
The AI sector is growing rapidly across all domains in the current world, the inface of the future is AI.
Many AI-controlled robots were there to keep everyone's attention on them. It was at the bottom of a
Hollywood film scene. It really was a great time to watch.
Advances in the electronic world are what really drive the world. Many cool gadgets were there to grab
my attention. People were given a free trial of all gadgets and I think that is a great achievement in
human history.
The automotive industry is like ever-green and we would never think of it without the presence of cars
as a necessity. The introduction of electric cars has been seen there eliminating the need for a living
petrol.
The IT industry eventually surprises us by allowing us to see new software every day. We have seen
software that deals with hacking behavior, which only increases the security of websites that are prone
to cyber-attacks. 21
It can easily be said that technology is something we rely on the most, so to keep the entry alive we
need to produce more professionals in many fields, and this process must continue.

Question No: - 2
On the way to your university, you happened to see an accident, imagine the scenario and write a report
of 300 to 400 words. Invent necessary details.
REPORT Scenario based report on accident that happened Infront of my eyes. ALINA ISLAM

14 July 2021

On 04/07/2021, Once I was on my way back home from my university when I witnessed a road accident.
I was with my sister and it was around 05:00 PM in the evening. In the middle of the road, we saw a
crowd surrounding something. We weren’t quite sure what was happening as the first thought that
came to our mind was that it was probably a quarrel between two men. However, when we reached the
spot, we found out an accident had taken place.
After that, we got to know the whole story. A man was crossing the road when a truck hit him leaving
him severely injured. The man was lying on the ground bleeding profusely and people were calling for an
ambulance. We instantly called up the ambulance but time was running out. Therefore, an auto driver
took the man in his auto and rushed to the hospital.
Subsequently, police arrived as people grabbed the driver and beat him. After police arrived, they
arrested the driver and inquired about the incident. Later, we found out that the driver was drunk.
Police detained him and took him to hospital for a statement. Fortunately, the driver was declared safe.
That experience made me realize how important our lives are. Moreover, and how we take it for
granted. We must all be careful when we are on the road, on foot or in a car that does not care. We can
take steps to prevent road accidents.
We need to prevent road accidents to reduce mortality. Every year thousands of people lose their lives
as a result of road accidents. Children should be taught at an early age the rules of the road. They need
to be taught the value of life and how to maintain it. Similarly, parents should set a good example for
their children by not using the telephone while driving. Also, they should always wear protective
helmets and belts to avoid accidents.

Question No: - 3

A seminar of Water Crisis was organized in your university by some departments. Write a short report.
Invent necessary details.
REPORT Water Crisis in Pakistan ALINA ISLAM
14 July 2021 On 09/08/2021, my university organized a seminar on “Water Crisis” as part of the World
Water Day Celebrations on 06th August, 2021. The main aim of this seminar was to remind us all about
the water crisis in Pakistan and we must need to save this precious source that imperative for our
survival.
Pakistan is part of 36 countries that are water-stressed. There are several factors that have contributed
to the water crisis in Pakistan, such as an increase in population in urban areas, agriculture,
mismanagement of the water system and climate change. For many people who do not have running
water, they are dependent on water trucks to fill their personal and family water tanks. A water truck
may come only once a week. The lack of running water is being exploited by what is called the water 22
mafia, which is a group of people that siphon water from the government that is meant for local people
and sell it to them for higher prices.
Causing the Water Crisis in Pakistan: There are three main reason of water crisis in Pakistan
 Population increase
 Agriculture
 Climate Change
In 2018, the Pakistan government called both national and international Pakistani to help fund a $14
billion project to build two dams. The goal of the dam is to help Pakistan store more water and to supply
Pakistan with electricity. Although several Pakistani celebrities have donated towards the dam, there is
still a lot of money needed to complete the project.
Many experts fear that the per capita availability of fresh water in Pakistan will further decline to 860
cubic meters by 2025 and the country may reach absolute water scarcity by 2040. The decline can also
be attributed to the rising population, as, for instance, the population has increased from 46 million in
1961 to over 200 million today.
The government needs to take certain steps to slow down the water crisis in Pakistan. The Pakistan
Academy of Sciences said that the country needs to expand its water storage, reduce water waste,
improve water productivity and develop a framework that will help with the management of surface and
groundwater. Although the clock is ticking for Pakistani’s water supply, the government has started to
act. Hopefully, it will be able to undo some of the damage before it is too late.

ASSIGNMENT 08
ESSAY WRITING
1.Write down a descriptive essay on, “A great place to dine out”

A GREAT PLACE TO DINE OUT

No matter what type of food you like, Karachi is a paradise for food lovers. it provides all the
possible varieties, flavours and venue according to your taste and pocket. My favourite place to dine
out is SAJJAD. SAJJAD Do Darya is a ritual place. Because I live so far away from this seaside resort, on
the other side of the Clifton Bridge, I'll have to organise a trip with my friends. I need to think about the
environment or where I want to go. Another factor to consider is the quantity of time I have available.
The quantity of money I have to spend has a significant impact. The atmosphere at SAJJAD is casual, and
people came to spend several hours. SAJJAD's features a waiting room with large, leather-topped
benches where you may relax while you wait. SAJJAD's is a popular restaurant that quickly fills up yet
does not empty out.

First of all the taste is a slice of heaven, and the food is to die for. I'd eat there every day if I could. The
SAJJAD is amazing as always. You can't go wrong with mutton, white meat, chicken, or the Peshawari
version. Now on to my other favorites. Chicken Behari Boneless and Hunzai kebabs are a must have.
Lahori Fried Fish should be one of the appetisers, and it can also be served as a main course with others,
which is what I prefer. All of them are incredibly delectable and will leave you wanting more. Each meal
was delicious, prepared to perfection, and served generously. 23
 Second, the place is so cozy and peaceful. SAJJAD at Do Darya is a location that makes you feel at
ease. The greatest restaurant with a breathtaking view is SAJJAD. One can sit-down and have their food
while looking to its beautiful view. You can easily bring your family in because there is ample privacy
along with. SAJJAD is a great place to meet up with friends and family, but it's even better for a romantic
date night. Bring your fiance, bae, or husband, and they'll fall in love with you forever. Yours sincerely
has tried and tested it.

Third, the servings are nice as compared to the price. I give the meal five stars, but you must hand it
over to the management. During your dinner, you are pampered much too often. Serves and
supervisors are continuously approaching you to inquire about the meal. On your walk out,
you're asked at least twice. If your food does not turn out as you expected, the management will
take extra care of you. You'll be given a replacement dish, a discount, or something else to make
your experience better. These folks are genuinely concerned about us foodies, and their
customer service is outstanding.

On the other hand the most admiring feature is the Clean meal close to the sea in the moonlight is as
beautiful as it gets. Although the management reimbursed us, we never had any roach visits at
SAJJAD. Of course, the experiences of people around me, friends and family, who all laud the
restaurant's great flavour, make me even more determined for this restaurant.

All in all it is the lovely place for dine out. I like the concept of going back to a place that makes me
happy and bringing back some pleasant memories. Thank you for being a part of these happy
memories, SAJJAD's.

2.Write down an argumentative essay on,” media censorship policy is at times justified”.

MEDIA CESORSHIP POLICY IS AT TIMES JUSTIFIED

It is the media that shapes the view of the people and drives their emotions therefore media holds
some special responsibilities regarding society. Media censorship policy is therefore a request by
public authorities or state structures to coordinate the publishing of certain material, or to prohibit or
restrict its dissemination, replication, and distribution in any other way. Censorship is the suppression of
speech or other public communication that the government, media outlet, or regulating body deems
undesirable, damaging, sensitive, or inconvenient. It blocks and removes content from media to limit
and restrict what children and vulnerable people may see, with the goal of protecting children and
vulnerable people.

Although there are many unfavourable opinions against censorship in society, many of which are
based on the right to freedom of expression, its existence on the radio and television can be justified
from political, social, and economic perspectives. The media may serve a variety of beneficial purposes.
They are, first and foremost, a source of information.

On the contrary from a sociological standpoint, television and radio are the most effective means of
influencing individuals and deciding their attitudes and opinions in all areas of life. It's nearly hard to find
a family that doesn't listen to the radio or watch television. Friends, family, sport, and leisure 24
activities have all been replaced by the media for many people in modern society. By eliminating
material from the media and only allowing the public to see what the government wants them to see,
the government can keep people from seeing what they want to see.

However, this is certainly not the from a societal standpoint, censorship serves to safeguard children,
first and foremost, from excessive violence and obscenity, particularly on television. There were no
sexual or violent characters on television fifty years ago. Furthermore, "honest" and often frightening
discussions on prime-time television shows, when the entire family is gathered in front of the television,
have become the norm. despite the fact that depictions of killings or obscenity might damage children's
perceptions of the world and their mental health in general. Nowadays, it appears that the media has
removed all barriers to the public viewing and hearing of absurd and frightening facts.

Finally, one can easily understand that one of the pillars of a democratic society is media freedom. In
today's society, it goes without saying that a person should be able to know the truth and obtain the
knowledge they require freely and without hindrance. However, in order to safeguard people's rights to
privacy and a psychologically healthy environment, as well as the state's right to protect its security,
modest restrictions on radio, television, and other forms of mass media should be applied.

3.Write down a narrative essay on, “suddenly I realized how appearance can be deceiving”

SUDDENLY I REALIZED HOW APPEARANCE CAN BE DECEIVING

Oh my lord, how stupid was I! I should have the read the appointment letter first, before signing the
contract with such act stupidity, I have bound my self into two years contract with this firm. That means,
I cannot switch if I get a better opportunity from any firm.

I had always been interested in civil engineering but due to limited seats availability my name didn't
appear on my desired field. So that's how I got into IT. And today, I'm so glad it worked in such way I
didn't expect 4 years before. Indeed Allah knows what is the best for you and when it's best for you to
have it.

In the meanwhile I want you to attend the roles of a project manager until we finalize the candidate of
new project manager. Because your communication skills are above average than the rest of the
employees. I'm definitely counting on you. Good luck!

Later on my company promoted me to branch manager and I was rewarded with a 40% increment,
leave encashments , provident funds, medical panel and so many other benefits by the company within
2 years for my dedication and hard work. Moreover I had never thought that I would achieve this stage
at such early phase of my life. Truly, hard work pays off.

25
4.Write down a comparative essay on, “private educational institution vs government educational
institutions In Pakistan”

PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION VS GOVERNMENT

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN PAKISTAN

There are multiple types of education systems in Pakistan but they can be placed into two broad
categories that are government educational institutes and the institutions run by private sector. There
are some vivid difference between the two. The rise of global rivalry in education and technology is
largely to blame. This competitive atmosphere is essential for every country's growth. All nations,
including Pakistan, have diverse educational systems, but they may be divided into two categories:
private and public schools. Private schools are gaining widespread support in Pakistan today, ensuring
the country's long-term growth.

Firstly, In Pakistan, the private sector has emerged as a major provider of education services, both in
absolute terms and in comparison to the state sector. Private educational institutions play an important
role not only in eliminating illiteracy but also in improving the academic environment for students and
professors. The private sector made a substantial contribution to the eradication of illiteracy in emerging
nations. Private schools, if well-managed, may improve Pakistan's educational standards as well.

On the contrary, Education, particularly elementary education, is widely seen as a public good that
should be offered to all people without discrimination, regardless of financial means, and is primarily the
duty of the government. This philosophy drove the nationalisation of all educational institutions in 1972,
severely disrupting the robust private sector's participation, notably at the post-primary level.

However the situation in the last two decades, Pakistan's educational environment has seen many
changes. Enrollment and the gender parity index have both increased. In terms of policy development,
the changes in the education sector that have occurred in Pakistan have produced an environment with
various opportunities as well as problems. Despite the fact that government schools have a far higher
enrolment than any other sector, the move toward non-state providers is considerable.

On the other hand Pakistan has seen an exponential rise in the involvement of private sector service
providers since the termination of nationalisation in 1979. Because of their poor experiences with
government schools, parents have decided to send their children to private schools. Because of their
better locations, reasonable fees, teachers' presence, and higher-quality learning, especially in the fields
of mathematics and language, private schools are no longer an urban or elite phenomenon. yet, poor
households use these facilities to a large extent, owing to their better locations, reasonable fees,
teachers' presence, and higher-quality learning, especially in the fields of mathematics and language.

In conclusion we can say that both the system have some advantages and drawbacks It may be a
better choice if the government focuses its resources on improving the quality of current schools rather
than expanding the number of schools. Increasing children's access to education through expanding the
number of schools should be a private-sector strategy, while the government should focus on improving
the quality of physical facilities and instructors in existing schools. As a result, the bar for private schools
will rise, improving both access and quality of education. 26
ASSIGNMENT 09
CV WRITING

Alina Islam
Residence House #61 ,block 9 Quwatul Islam
colony , liaquatabad karachi
Mobile +92323-3379931
CNIC # 42101-1162861-4
E-mail alina.islam03@gmail.com

Working Experience
2020-4- Present Junior Data Analysis – EMB Experts
• Prepare proposals to present to clients
• Provide technical support to Finance Department
• Manage Data sheets
• Manage Salaries , Accounts and Deductions
• Perform maintenance and enhancements
• Perform other duties as assigned

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION
• Bachelors in Statistics from Federal Urdu university

• Intermediated from Riaz Govt girls College (2014- 2017).

• Matriculated from Splendour Public Secondary School (2002-2013).

• CIT from Academy of Business Computers.

TECHNCAL SKILLS
• Good command in Matlab
• Good command in SPSS
• Good command in MS-word

COMPUTER EXPERTISE
• Good Knowledge of MS-Word and PowerPoint.
• Good Knowledge of Matlab
27
• Able to use internet for finding information.
• My hobbies are to learn.

PERSONAL ABILITIES
• Capable of working in stressful environment
• Hardworking and ambitious.
• Handling deadlines and responsibilities
• Positive thinking, self-motivated and flexible
• Skills in communication and leadership
• Team Player and a leader when needed.
• Abilities and stand on decision.

PERSONAL INFORMATION
• Father’s name : Mohammad Islam
• Date & place of birth : March 3rd, 1997, Karachi – Pakistan
• Religion : Islam
• Languages : English & Urdu, with good interpersonal Skill

REFERENCES : References will be furnished on request.

28
ASSIGNMENT 10
COVER LETTER
ALINA ISLAM
House #1 block 9 Quwatul Islam colony, liaquatabad Karachi, Sindh, 74600

+92-323-337-9931 alina.islam03@gmail.com

Mr. Abdul Moid

BeginTech

Dear Mr. Moid,

Thank you for the opportunity to apply for the Investment Analyst role at your company. After
reviewing your job description, it's clear that you're looking for a candidate that is extremely familiar
with the responsibilities associated with the role, and can perform them confidently. Given these
requirements, I am certain that I have the necessary skills to successfully do the job adeptly and
perform above expectations.

I am a hard-working recent college graduate (3.10 GPA, BS in Statistics) from Federal Urdu University
of Arts, Sciences & Technology. During the course of my academic career, I also managed to accrue
nearly 6 months of work experience. I had the privilege of working for EMB Experts in a data analyst
role in my free time, where I learned valuable professional skills such as audit controls, capital
budgets and financial analysis. In both my academic and professional life, I have been consistently
praised as efficient by my professors and peers. Whether working on academic, extracurricular, or
professional projects, I apply proven analytical, management and leadership skills, which I hope to
leverage into the Investment Analyst role at your company.

After reviewing my resume, I hope you will agree that I am the type of competent and competitive
candidate you are looking for. I look forward to elaborating on how my specific skills and abilities will
benefit your organization. Please contact me at 92-323-337-9931 or via email at
alina.islam03@gmail.com to arrange for a convenient meeting time.

Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely,

Alina Islam 29
ASSIGNMENT 11
PRECISE WRITING TASK
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT:
Eleanor Roosevelt was the world's first woman. She produced several significant and long-lasting
contributions to the wellbeing of humanity. Because of her humanitarian activities in various ways on
behalf of children, the downtrodden, and the destitute, she gained the admiration of millions
throughout the world. Mrs. Roosevelt addressed the concerns of those suffering from the Tremendous
Depression with great vigour and outspokenness when she became First Lady. When World War II broke
out, she expanded her commitments to the international scale, joining the United Nations to help create
UNICEF and draught the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. At the age of 61, she was named
chairwoman of the Human Rights Commission. "You receive greater delight out of giving to others, and
you should put a good lot of thought into the enjoyment you are able to offer," Eleanor Roosevelt
reportedly remarked.

THE CELL PHONES:

Cell phones are capable of much more than just chatting. In the classroom, cell phones may be utilised
to assist students with their studies. In addition, pupils must cell phones in the event of an emergency.
As a result, I believe that cell phones should be permitted in classrooms. To begin with, cell phones may
be quite useful in the classroom. Students might videotape a lecture given by their professors. Parents
and students also use cellphones to communicate with one another. Cell phones can be lifesavers in an
emergency for these reasons.

MAGNETS AND ELECTROMAGNETS:

Magnets are materials that attract iron and steel fragments. Magnets may also be made from nickels,
some types of ceramics, and certain metal dents. A permanent magnet is the one we use to keep our
schoolwork on the refrigerator. Metals and electricity are used to create electromagnets. When the
power is turned on, you have a magnet; when it is turned off, you have nothing except a piece of metal
and some wire.

30
 ASSAIGMENT 12
Memo Writing Task:
Scenario #1:

You work as a clerk in the personnel department. For the past six years you have taken your vacation in
the usual summer months. This year, however, your sister is getting married and you will need to travel
out of town and would like to take your two week vacation in October. You are aware that vacation
leave is not normally granted at this time of year, but feel your reasons are valid. Write a memo to your
unit head, Mr. Roberts, to inform him of your situation and request your vacation for October.

To: Mr. Robert

From: Alina Islam

Date: 13-july-2021

Subject : Request for leaves to go out of town

I am writing this to bring in your kind knowledge that I want leaves for two weeks as my sister is getting
married and I need to go out of the town.

My leave is for my personal reason and at this time of year it is a bit difficult for the company to grant
me leaves but my presence at my sister's wedding is also mandatory.

As family is a priority also , so I request you to approve my leaves and soon after my sister's marriage I
would be rejoining the office.

If my leave of absence is approved, I would be able to assist with any question by email or in person
which suits you.

Thank u

Yours sincerely,

Alina Islam

Scenario #2

You are the Training Coordinator. You have been asked to make arrangements for a half-day seminar at
the Conference Centre. The seminar is for 25 Division Chiefs from various departments. Write a memo
to the director of the Conference Centre, Mary-Ann Smith, making arrangements for space, tables,
audio-visual equipment, and refreshments.

From: Alina Islam, Training Coordinator 31

Date : 13-07-2021

Subject: Request for the use of Conference Centre

Our company will be having a half-day seminar on. We wish to hold it in your Conference Centre. As the
Training Coordinator, I would like to request the following arrangements for the said seminar:

I would like to request the use of your biggest conference hall which could be occupied by at least 150
people.

I would like to specifically request the arrangement of tables and chairs. Only ten people per table is
advised. This is to easily facilitate the workshops.

Since we will be having a seminar, I would like to request wireless microphones, speakers, and
projectors.

Lastly, we will be availing your catering services for our snacks and refreshments.

I look forward to your favorable response as soon as possible regarding this matter.

Yours sincerely,

Alina Islam

32