Mechanical vibration

kMe -057
Frequency calculation
equivalent systeM
application oF diFFerent Method to
Find Frequency.
Q) The mass m = 4 kg. The spring is unstretched when x = 0. The period of vibration
of the mass is measured and determined to be 0.5 s. The mass is displaced to the
position x = 0.1 m and released from rest at t = 0. Determine its position at t = 0.4
s.

• we find the cyclic frequency

• ω = 2p/ t = 12.6 rad/s
• The general solution is x = Asin ωt + B cos ωt, v = Aω cos ωt − Bω sin ωt.
• Putting in the initial conditions, we have x(t = 0) = B = 0.1 m B = 0.1 m,
• v(t = 0) = Aω = 0 A = 0. Thus the equation is x = (0.1 m) cos(12.6 rad/s t)
• At the time t = 0.4 s, we find x = 0.0309 m.
Q)The 8.9 N bar is pinned to the 22.2 N disk. The disk rolls on the circular
surface. What is the frequency of small vibrations of the system relative to its
vertical equilibrium position?

• Solution :- using energy method

• We know total energy is conserved. So let the total K.E is T and
And P.E. is U. then T + U = Constant.
So for the given system let us assume at an instant when the system
Has moved by an angle q then the KE and PE are
T= ( ½ Iw2 )bar + (½ mv2 )disk + ( ½ Iw2 )disc
V= mg (dh)bar + mg(dh)disc .
• ½ Iw2 bar = ½ (1/3 [8.9/9.81] [0.381]2 ])w2bar

• ½ mv2disk = ½(22.2/9.81) [0.381]2 w2bar

• ½ Iw2 disc = ½ (½[22.2/9.81] [0.102]2 ) (0.381/0.102)2 w2bar

• mg (dh)bar = 8.9 x 0.1905 x cosq
• mg(dh)disc = 22.2 x 0.381 x cosq
• T= 0.268 w2bar
• V= 10.17 cosq
So T + V = constant
Or 0.268 w2bar + 10.17 cosq = const.
Differentiating with respect to time we get
• 0.537 +10.17 = 0 or + (4.35)2 =0

• f = 4.35/2p . = 0.692 Hz
 equivalent systeM oF springs
• Springs in Parallel. To derive an expression for the
equivalent spring constant of springs connected in
parallel, consider the two springs shown in Fig.(a).
When a load W is applied, the system undergoes a
static deflection dst as shown in Fig. (b). Then the free-
body diagram, shown in Fig. (c), gives the equilibrium
equation
• W = k1dst + k2dst
• If keq denotes the equivalent spring constant of the
combination of the two springs, then for the same
static deflection dst, we have
• W = keq dst
• keq = k1 + k2
• keq = k1 + k2 + .......... + kn
• Springs in Series. Next we derive an expression for the
equivalent spring constant of springs connected in series
by considering the two springs shown in Fig. (a). Under
the action of a load W, springs 1 and 2 undergo
elongations d1 and d2, respectively, as shown in Fig. (b).
The total elongation (or static deflection) of the system,
dst , is given by
• dst = d1 + d2
• Since both springs are subjected to the same force W, we
have the equilibrium shown in Fig. (c)
W = k1 d1 W = k2 d2
• If keq denotes the equivalent spring constant, then for the
same static deflection,
W = keq dst
1/keq = 1/k1 + 1/k2 + ……. + 1/kn
coMpound penduluM
• When a rigid body is suspended vertically, and it
oscillates with a small amplitude under the action of
the force of gravity, the body is known as compound
pendulum, as shown in Fig.
• Let, m = Mass of the pendulum in kg,
W= Weight of the pendulum in newtons
= m.g,
kG = Radius of gyration about an axis through
the centre of gravity G,
h = Distance of point of suspension O from
the centre of gravity G of the body.
Cont…
• If the pendulum is given a small angular displacement θ, then the couple
tending to restore the pendulum to the equilibrium position OA,
T = mg sinθ × h = mgh sinθ
• Since θ is very small, therefore substituting sinθ = θ radians, we get
T = m.g.h.θ
• Now, the mass moment of inertia about the axis of suspension O,

• Angular acceleration of the pendulum,

Cont…..
• The angular acceleration is directly proportional to angular displacement, therefore
the pendulum executes simple harmonic motion.

• We know that the periodic time,

• Frequency of oscillation,
Cont….
Notes :
1. Comparing this equation with equation simple pendulum

• we see that the equivalent length of a simple pendulum, which gives the
same frequency as compound pendulum, is,
Cont….
Notes :
2. The periodic time of a compound pendulum is minimum when the
distance between the point of suspension and the centre of gravity is equal
to the radius of gyration of the body about its centre of gravity.

Minimum periodic time of a compound pendulum, (h= KG)

 PRACTICE QUESTION

Q) The 89 N disk rolls on the horizontal surface. Its radius is R= 152.4

mm. Determine the spring constant k so that the frequency of vibration
of the system relative to its equilibrium position is f = 1 Hz.
thank you