8/13/13 Handbook - Weld Defects

Variations-
Metal
Transfer

Equipment However, as the arc voltage is raised to excessive levels, undercutting may again appear. This is particularly
true in spray arc welding. When the arc becomes very long, it also becomes too wide. This results in an
increased amount of base material being melted. However, the heat transfer of a long arc is relatively poor,
Power so actually the arc is supplying no more total heat to the weld zone. The outermost areas are very quickly
Supply cooled and again proper wetting is prevented. The arc length should be kept short, not only to avoid
undercutting but to increase penetration and weld soundness.

Shielding Excessive welding currents can also cause undercutting. The arc force, arc heat and penetration are so
Gases great that the base plate under the arc is actually ”blown” away. Again, the outermost areas of the base
material are melted but solidify quickly. Puddle turbulence and surface tension prevent the puddle from
wetting properly. It is always advisable to remain within the current ranges specified for each wire size.
Wire
Electrodes

Safety

Welding
Techniques

Welding
Conditions

Introduction
Economics
Incomplete
Penetration
Lack of
Weld Fusion
Defects Undercutting

Porosity
Mig Spot
Welding Longitudinal
Cracking

6
Tables

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