METHODOLOGY:

In this project we are using electronics components such as temperature sensor, matrix
keypad of 4*3, potentiometer, o-led display, stepper motor driver board uln2003, \stepper
motor and micro controller of arduino-uno. Here arduino-uno controller takes the major part of
the project; it controls the total working of project. Matrix keypad, temperature sensor and pot
are the inputs of controller. Stepper motor driver and o-led display is the output of the
controller. when coming to the temperature sensor we will get the analog value that value is
given to the controller A0 pin, that read the value of temperature in the 8bit which means the
value up to 0-255 degree Celsius.pot value also read in analog type only, it connected to the A1
pin of controller. Matrix keypad is connected to the 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 pins of controller, it will
activate when the key is pressed. Then the stepper motor will be controlled by the step per
revolution, here we will enter the step value up to 0-2048.the stepper motor is connected to
the 12, 11,9,10 of the controller pin. it will produce a square wave to the stepper motor,
according to the pulse apply in stepper motor it will rotate. Then the o-led display is worked as
an i2c communication to the controller, here it will get the print value on display as per the
coding done to the controller.

Here when the kit is energized, the o-led display will print the enter password on the
screen. Then we will enter the password as denied in the code of 4 character which is
‘1’,’2’,’3’and’4’.it is the proper password for the project, if we enter the correct password it will
move to the next process. If the enter password is not correct means the display will show the
IN-CORRECT PASSWORD, after entering the incorrect password the controller will be freeze
while entering the correct password. After entering the correct password o-led will display
CORRECT PASSWORD after few seconds it prints SET MOTOR DIRECTION. Here we need to
rotate the pot value as per our requirement which means if the pot value is below 400 means,
the stepper motor will rotate in clock-wise direction. Then if the pot value above 500 means
that stepper motor should run in ANTI-CLOCKWISE direction. Then the temperature value will
be read on the controller. Finally the o-led will display direction of the motor, temperature
sensor value, pot value, speed of the motor and motor ok. Here the MOTOR OK will display
when the input of the motor is connected properly otherwise it will print MOTOR OFF on the o-
led display.
WORKING:
ARDUINO-UNO:
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328
(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect
it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver
chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a
USB-to-serial converter.

"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0.
The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is
the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform

SUMMARY

 Microcontroller - ATmega328
 Operating Voltage-5V
 Input Voltage (recommended)-7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits)-6-20V
 Digital I/O Pins-14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins-6
 DC Current per I/O Pin-40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin-50 mA
 Flash Memory-32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM -2 KB (ATmega328)
 EEPROM -1 KB (ATmega328)
 Clock Speed-16 MHz
MOTOR:

The d.c generators and d.c motors have the same general construction.

MOTOR PRINCIPLE:

An electric motor is a machine which converts a electrical energy to mechanical energy.

All D.C machines have five principal components viz (i) Field system (II)

armature core (iii) armature winding (iv) Commutator (v) brushes.

Field system:

The function of the field system is to produce Uniform field within which the

armature rotates.it consists of a number of salient poles(of course, even number) bolted

to the inside of circular frame (generally called yoke).the yoke is usually made of solid

cast steel whereas the pole piece are composed of stacked laminations. Field coils are

mounted on the poles and carry the d.c exciting current. The field coils are connected in

such a way that adjacent poles have opposite polarity.The m.m.f. developed by the coils

produces a magnetic flux that passes through the pole pieces, the air gap, the armature

and the frame. Practical d.c machines have air gaps ranging from 0.5mm to

1.5mm.since armature and field systems are composed of materials that have

permeability, most of the m.m.f.of field coils is required to set up flux in the air gap. By

reducing the length of air gap, we can reduce the size of field coils (number of turns).
Armature core:

The armature core is keyed to the machine shaft and rotates between the field

poles. It consists of slotted soft-iron laminations (about 0.4 to 0.6mm thick) that are

stacked to form a cylindrical core. The laminations are individually coated with a thin

insulating film so that they do not come in electrical contact with each other. The

purpose of laminating the core is to reduce the eddy current loss. The laminations are

slotted to accommodate and provide mechanical security to the armature winding and to

give shorter air gap for the flux to cross between the pole face and the armature “teeth”.

Armature winding:

The slots of the armature core hold conductors that are connected in a suitable

manner.this are known as armature winding. This is the winding in which “working”e.m.f.

is induced.the

The armature conductors are connected inseries-parallel: the conductors being

connected in series so as to increase the voltage and in parallel paths so as to increase

the current.the armature winding of a d.c.machine is a closed –circuit winding:the

conductors being connected in a symmetrical manner forming a closed loop or series of

closed loops.
commutator;

A commutator is a mechanical rectifier which converts the alternating voltage

generated in the armature winding into direct voltage across the brushes.the

commutator is made of copper segments insulated from each other by mica sheets and

mounted on the shaft of the machine. The armature conductors are soldered to the

commutator segments in a suitable manner to give rise to the armature

winding.depending upon the manner in which the armature conductors are connected to

the commutator segments, there are tow types of armature winding in a.d.c. machine

viz(a) lap winding (b) wave winding.Great care is taken in building the commutator

because any eccentricity will cause the brushes to bounce, producing unacceptable

sparking .the sparks may burn the brushes and overheat and carbonize the

commutator.

Brushes:

The purpose of brushes is to ensure electrical connections between the rotating

commutator and stationary external load circuit. The brushes are made of carbon and

rest on the commutator,the brush pressure is adjusted by means of adjustable springs.

if the brush pressure is Very large, the friction produces heating of the commutator and

the bruches.on the other hand, if it is too weak, the imperfect contact with the

commutator may produce sparking.

STATOR:

The stator is the stationary part of an electric generator or electric motor. The

non-stationary part on an electric motor is the rotor.Depending on the configuration of a

spinning electromotive device the stator may act as the field magnet, interacting with the

armature to create motion, or it may act as the armature, receiving its influence from

moving field coils on the rotor.

The first DC generators (known as dynamos) and DC motors put the field coils

on the stator, and the power generation or motive reaction coils are on the rotor. This

was necessary because a continuously moving power switch known as the commutator

is needed to keep the field correctly aligned across the spinning rotor. The commutator

must become larger and more robust as the current increases.

The stator of these devices may be either a permanent magnet or an

electromagnet. Where the stator is an electromagnet, the coil which energizes it is

known as the field coil or field winding.

ROTOR:

The rotor is the non-stationary part of a rotary electric motor or alternator, which

rotates because the wires and magnetic field of the motor are arranged so that a torque

is developed about the rotor's axis. In some designs, the rotor can act to serve as the

motor's armature, across which the input voltage is supplied.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

A temperature sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem whose

purpose is to detect events or changes depends upon tranducer in its environment
and send the information to other electronics, frequently a microcontroller.A
sensor is always used with other electronics.

POTENTIOMETER:
A pot is a device that uses to control the voltage values on the electronic
circuits. Here it use to vary the voltage value 0-5volt to the controller.uno will get
convert that voltage value into an analog value.

MATRIX KEYPAD:
A matrix keypad is a device that use to enter the password on this project. Here
we are using the 4*3 matrix keypad.

O-LED DISPLAY:
A o-led display is use to print the output value came in the project. It is use for
identify that the project will working properly.The o-led display can use to print
grafix output on the screen, but here we are just printing the values and the
character on the display.