CHAPTER 1

2 ELECTROSTATI
CS

Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 SIu n
ito fen
erg
y J/
C J/
V m3
J/ F3
J/
dens
ityo fel
ect
ric
fi
eldi s

2 Thet
erm“RC”has Po
ten
tia
l Ca
pac
ita
nce En
erg
y Ti
me
sa
meuni
tastha
to f

3 Theun
itofel ec
tric V/
A V/
m V/
C N/
V
fi
eldi
nten
sit
yo ther
th
anN/Cis

4 Thefor
ceona
n 2.
6*0-8 N
1 2.
88*
10-11 N 2.
6*0-19N
1 1
.
6*0-27 N
1
el
ect
roninaf
iel
dof
1
.
8*08 N/
1 C

5 Ifp ot
enti
al Twot
imes Ei
ghtt
imes Fo
urt
imes Rema
inss
ame
dif
ferencebetween
pl
ateso fparal
lel
pl
atec apaci
toris
doubl
edt henenergy
st
oredi nitwill

6 Thev alu
eo fma
ximum 90˚ 0˚ 270˚ 1
80˚
electr
icflu
xis
obtai
nedwhenangl
e
betweenE andA is

7 I
ft hedistanc
e Ha
lf Do
ubl
e Fo
urt
imes On
efo
urt
h
b
etweent wop oi
nt
c
hargesisdo u
b l
ed
t
henf o
rceb etween
t
hemwi ll

b
eco
mes

8 SIunitofCo
ulo
mb Nm2C-2 C2N-1m2 C2N2m-2 Nm-2C2
co
nst
ant

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/oh
miseq
ualt
o Fa
rad Co
ulo
mb Jo
ule Amp
ere

1
0 Mil
lika
na n
dFl eter Th ermal El
ectri
cal Mech
ani
cal Uns
table
co
uldf i
ndt h
ec h
a r
ge eq
u i
lib
riu
m eq
uil
ibri
um eq
uil
ibr
ium eq
uili
bri
um
onoildrop
letsin

1
1 Pr
esenceof In
crea
sethe Dec r
easet
he Doesn o
t Doub
let h
e
di
elec
tricot
her el
ectr
icf
orce el
ectri
cfo
rceaf
f ec
t el
ectri
cf or
ce
 t
hanairo
rva
cuu
m el
ect
ricf
orc
e
a
lways

1
2 Theelec
tri
cf iel
d Radi
all
y Radi
ally Ci
rcu
lar Zer
o
cr
eat
edb yp o
siti
ve ou
tward in
ward
ch
arg
ei s

3 Fo
1 rthec omp
utat
ion Cl
osed Cu
rved I
ncl
ined Sp
her
ica
l
ofelectr
icfluxthe
su
rfa
c e

s
hou
ldb
e

1
4 SIun
itofel
ect
ric Nm2C-2 Nm2C-1 NCm-2 Nm-2C-3
fl
uxis

1
5 Theun
itofel ec
tri
c Newt
on Co
ulo
mb Jo
ule/
cou
lomb Newt
on/c
oul
omb
fi
eldi
nten
sit
yi s

1
6 Theelectr
icf o
rceof 1
.
8N 1
.
5x0-9 N
1 2.
3x0-28 N 2.
1 3x0-30N
1
repu
lsi
onbetweentwo
elec
tron
satdi st
anc
e
of1mi s

7 Th
1 emin
imumcha
rge Zer
o 1
.6x
10-19 C -1
.
6x0-19C
1 ±
1.
6x0-19C
1
onanobjec
tinnat
ure
can
notbe

l
esst
han

8 I
1 ft hedis
tan
ce Ha
lf On
efo
urt
h Twot
imes Fo
urt
imes
b
etweentwochar
ges
i
shalfthenfor
ce
b
ecomes

9 AnECG r
1 ec
ords, Cu
rren
t Vo
lta
ge Res
ist
anc
e Ca
pac
ita
nce
betweenp oi
ntson
humans ki
n
generatedby
electri
calproces
sin
theh eart

20 Twopoi
ntc har
ges+2C Zer
oN 8x
109 1
08x09N
1 1
2x09 N
1
and+6Cr ep
elea c
h N(
attra
cti
ve) (
rep
ulsi
ve) (
att
ract
ive)
ot
herifac hargeof-
2Cisgivento

ea
cho fth
em t
hen
el
ect
ric

f
orc
ewi
llb
e

21 SIuni
tofstren
gtho
f J/
C C/
V N/C No
neo
fth
ese
el
ect
ricf
iel
di s
22 Undert h
ea cti
onof Begi
nto Become Ar
eio
niz
ed Ar
ech
arg
ed
el
ectri
cf ieldmol
ecul
ev i
bra
te elect
ric
ofdielectr
ic dipo
le

23 A c
apaci
torisp
erf
ect AC DC Bo
thA&B No
ne
i
nsu
lat
orf o
r

24 SIu
nito
fch
arg
e Amp
ere Vo
lt eV Co
ulo
mb

25 Theel ectr
icf i
eld Radi
all
y Radi
ally Ci
rcu
lar Zer
o
lin
esp ro
ducedb y ou
tward in
ward
negat
ivec har
ge
i
sa lways

26 Wh envecto
ra reaL is Ma
ximu
m Mi
nimu
m Ei
ther Neg
ati
ve
heldp er
pendicul
arto
electr
icfieldl i
nes ma
ximumo
r
thenma g
nitudeof mi
nimu
m
electr
icfluxis

27 Photocopi
erand El
ect
ron
ics El
ect
ric
ity Ma
gnet
ism El
ect
ros
tat
ics
in
kjetprin
ter
saret
he
appl
ica
tio
ns

o
f

28 Anelect
ricf
iel
dca
n Neu
tro
n Ga
mmar
ays Beta Gamma
def
lect par
ticl
es pa
rti
cle

29 Thenameel
ect
ronwa
s Th
oms
on Ru
ther
for
d Mi
lli
kan St
oney
su
gges
tedby

30 Elect
ricf
luxdep
ends Elec
tri
c Areaof Ori
enta
tio
n Al
loft
hes
e
up
o n in
tens
ity su
rfac
e ofarea

31 1v
olti
seq
ualt
o J-1C-1 JC-1 J-1C JC

32 eV i
sth
eun
ito
f El
ect
ric
ity Vo
lta
ge Char
geo n En
erg
y
el
ectro
n

33 Fa
radi
sth
eun
ito
f Ch
arg
e Cu
rren
t Electr
ic Ca
pac
ita
nce
fl
u x

34 Choos
et h
eco
rrec
t C=A/
s Wa
tt=C/
A V=A/
ohm A=C/s
ec
rel
atio
n

35 Theamou
nto
fen
erg
y On
evo
lt Onemi
lli One On
emeg
a
eq
ualto vo
lt el
ectr
on
vo
lt el
ect
ronv
olt
1
.
6x0-19Ji
1 sca
lled

36 Produ
ctofresi
sta
nce Ga
sco
nst
ant Res
ist
ivi
ty Bol
tzman Ti
mec
ons
tan
t
an
dc apa
cit
anc
ei s co
nsta
nt
ca
lled

37 SIu
nito
fƐoi
s Nm2C-2 C2N-1m-2 C2N2m-2 Nm-2C2
38 Th
eun
ito
fRCi
s Vo
lt Sec
ond Co
ulo
mb Amp
ere

39 Wha esNm2C-1
tdo Elec
tri
c Electr
ic Electr
ic El
ect
ricf
orc
e
st
andsf
orqu
antit
y fi
eld po
t en
tial fl
u x

40 Oneofthep r
act
ica
l La
ser x-r
ay Phot
o WCc
hamb
er
ap
pli
cat
ionof mac
hin
e co
pier
el
ect
ros
tati
c

i
ndu
cti
oni
s

41 Thev alueofrela
tiv
e Lessth
an Great
ert
hen Equa
lto Zer
o
permitt
ivi
tyforalltheu
nit
y un
ity un
ity
dielect
ric
so t
herthan
airo rvacu
umi su
nit
:

42 El
ectr
icpo
tent
iala
t 0V 5V 1
V 1
.
5V
mi
dp oi
nti
na n
el
ect
ricdi
pol
e

43 Elec
tric
alener
gyi
s Wa
tt Ho
rsep
ower Ki
llowa
tt Ki
llowa
tt
meas
uredin ho
ur

44 El
ect
ricf
luxi
sa: Vec
to,Nm2C- Sc
r ala
r,Nm2C Scal
ar Vec
tor
,Nm2C-2
1
Nm2C-1
,

45N/
Cist
heu
nito
f El
ect
ricf
lux Ch
arg
e Elec
tric Cu
rren
t
in
tens
ity

46 Energ
ystoredp
eru n
it Elec
tri
c El
ect
ricf
lux Ener
gy El
ectr
ica
l
vol
umein
sidecapa
cit
or in
tens
ity dens
ity en
erg
y
is
call
ed

ft
47I hemagn
itu
deo f Do
ubl
ed Ha
lved Un
aff
ect
ed On
efo
urt
h
c
har
gean
ddi st
anc
ear
e
b
oth

doub
ledt
heni
nten
sit
y
of

f
iel
d

48 Theinc
reasein Electr
ic El
ect
rif
ica
tio
n I
oni
zat
ion El
ect
rol
ysi
s
ca
pac
itanc
eo fa po
l a
rizat
ion
ca
pac
itordueto

pres
enc
eo fdi
elec
tri
c
isdueto------ of
diel
ect
ric
49A par
ticlehavi
ngch
a r
ge2.5eV 20eV 0.
4eV 1
0eV
2ef a
llst h
rou
gha
po
tentia
l
di
fferenceof5V.energy
ac
quir
edb yitis

50Thef or
cebetweent wo ½ N 2N 4N 8N
char
gessepa
ratedb y
airis
4N.Whensepar
a t
edb y
amediumofrelativ
e

p
ermit
tiv
ity2.The
f
orcebetweent
hem
b
ecomes

51Inthetimec on
sta
ntof 0.
37q
o 0.
51q
o 0.
63q
o 0.
90q
o
RCc i
rcu
it,howmu c
h
cha
rgeiss t
oredoutof
maxi
mum
cha
rgeqo

52Energydensi
tyincase E2 Ɛo V2 C
ofc a
pacit
orisalwa
ys
pr
o p
orti
onalto
2
fa
53I nelec
trono
fc ha
rgeVe V/
2 E/
2 Ve
i
sac
cel
eratedt
hro
ugha

p
oten
tia
ldi
ffer
enc
eV,
i
twill

a
cqu
ireen
erg
y

53 Whic
ho nei
sph
oto Co
pper Sel
eni
um Mer
cur
y Al
umi
num
co
nduct
or

54I
nc ap
acit
or,en
erg
yis Ma
gnet
icf
iel
d El
ect
ricf
iel
d Grav
ita
tio
nal Nu
clea
rfi
eld
s
tor
edi nthe fi
eld

2 CV2 2 C2V
2
55Theexpres
sio
no f E=c
V2 E=1
/ E=1
/ E=1
/2(
CV)
en
erg
ys tor
edi na
ca
paci
torisg i
ven

b
y

56 Diel
ectr
icc
ons
tan
tfo
r1 2 2.
1 2.
94
Teflo
nis

57Fa
radi
sdef
ineda
s C/V A/
V J/
C

58 Pot
enti
algra
dien
tis −∆ No
neo
fth
ese
def
inedas
59 Thef or
ceex per
ienced Co
ulo
mbf
orc
e Fa
rada
yfo
rce Lo
ren
tzf
orc
eEl ec
tricfi
eld
byu n
itp o
sit
ivec h
arge i
ntens
ity
pl
aceda t
ap o
intina nelectri
c
fi
eldi s

c
all
ed

60wo
rd”Xer
ogr
aph
y Wri
tin
gbyl
eftWri
tin
gbe Dr
ywr
iti
ng Wri
tin
gb y
“mean
s ha
nd ch
ildr
en wa
terc o
lor
s

61 Pres
enc
eofdi
elec
tri
cI n
crea
sethe Dec r
easet
he n o
taffec
tt he Do
ubleth
e
al
ways el
ectr
icf
orce el
ectri
cfor
ce el
ect
ricfor
ce elect
ricfor
ce

62 Thef o
rceb/wtwo 1
0N 20 N 30 N 40 N
char
g esis28N,if
diel
ec tr
icofval
ue2.
8
iskep tthenf
orce
becomes

63 A ch a
r g
eo f10-10C 1
0 1
00V 1
000V 1
V
b/wt wop ar
allel
plates1cma p
art
experienceaf or
ceo f
10-5N,

t
heP.
Dis
-1
6 -20 -1
5 -1
9
6 Ap a r
tic
lec a
rryi
nga 9.
6x1
0 J 9.
6x1
0 J 9.
6x1
0 J 9.
6x1
0 J
4 chargeo f2ef al
ls
thro
u ghap ot
enti
al
differen
ceo f3V,
energya cq
uir
edb yit
is

65 Equa
tionØ=E.
Ai s Sp
her
ica
l Cyl
indr
ica
l Co
nic
al Fl
at
ap
plica
bletosur
face

6 Thea mountofen ergy 3.

2x0-19J
1 6.
4x0-19J
1 1
.
6x0-19J
1 Zer
o
6 ac
quir
edo rl o
stb ya n
al
phap ar
ticl
ea si t
mov
est hr
oughp o
tentia
l
di
fferen
ceo f1Vi s

6 Iftimecons
tan
ti nRC Ra
pidl
y Sl
owl
y Atcon
sta
nt Ni
l
7 ci
rcui
tissmall
,then ra
te
cap
acit
orischarg
edo r
di
schar
ged

6 Cha
rgeonel
ect
ronwa
s Ma
xwel
l Amp
ere Bo
hr Mi
lli
kan
8 det
ermi
nedb
y
6 Onecou
lombc
har
gei
s 1
0 el
ect
ron 1.
6x0-19
1 6.
25x018
1 6.
25x021
1
9 cr
eat
edb y elec
tron el
ect
rons el
ect
ron

7 Theel
ectr
icf
orc
eper El
ect
ricf
lux Electr
ic eV
0 un
itch
arg
e po
t en
tial

71 Thecapac
ita
nceofa ∈0 ∈0 No
neo
fth
ese
par
all
elplat
e ∈
cap
aci
torisgiv
enby
C=?

7 Thelineswh i
ch Magn
eti
cfi
eld Elec
tri
cfi
eld Tang
ent Cu
rvedl
ines
2 pr
ovidei n
for
m at
ion li
nes li
nes li
nes
abo
utt he
el
ectri
cf orc
eex erted
onchargedp a
rticl
e
ar
e
6 7 8 9
7 Abso
lutep o
ten
tia
l 9x
10 V 9x
10V 9x
10V 9x
10V
3 di
fferencedueto
po
intc h
argeof1Cat
adistan
ceo f1m

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tri
cflu
xis A.
B Ex
A E.
A E/
A
4 defi
nedas

Ø=?
1
8 -1
8 -1
9 -31
7 1j
oul
eiseq
ualt
o 6.
25x
10 eV 6.
25x
10 eV 1
.
6x1
0 eV 9.
1
x10 eV
5

7 A 5Megao hmres
ist
or 0.
1sec 1s
ec 2.
5sec 1
0sec
6 isconn
ectedwith2
micr
of ar
adc a
paci
tor.
Timec o
nsta
nt

7 Ap a r
tic
lec a
rryi
nga 1.
5eV 0.
66eV 6eV 3eV
7 chargeo f2ef al
ls
thro
u ghap ot
enti
al
differen
ceo f3V,
energya cq
uir
edb yit
is

7 Theenerg
ystor
edin 1
1 E2 E2(
Ad) 1 1 E2
8 capa
cit
orisg
ivenb
y E2(
A)
th
e

r
ela
tio
n 2
2 or or 2 2 r
or

7 Thep ro
duc
to f Fo
rce Ti
me Vel
oci
ty Cur
rent
9 res
ist
anceand Co
nst
ant co
nsta
nt
 c
apa
cit
anc
eisc
all
ed

8 Conc
eptofelect
ric Co
ulo
mb Fa
rada
y Hen
ry Ei
nst
ein
0 fi
eld& elec
tri
cf i
eld
li
nesin
tro
duced

81 Twoo ppos
itep o
int 1
V 2V 0.
5V 0V
ch
argeo fs ame
magni
tudes epa
rated
by
dis
tance2d,el ectr
ic
pot
ential

midwa
ybet
weent
hem
is

8 Whic
ho neo fthe F e q
A e o
2 fo
llowi
ngc anbet a
ken A
asmeasur
eo felectri
c
fi
eldintens
ity A A
o

8 Electr
icfiel
d Zer
o No
ne
3 in
tensi
tyinsi
dea
holl
owc h
argesp
her
e

o 2o

8 Photo
cop
yin
gpr
oces
sisp
hot
ogr
aph
y Xer
ogr
aph
y Sc
ann
ing Ho
log
rap
hy
4 ca
lled

8 Speci
alor
gancall
ed Ba
ts Ca
ts Do
gs Sh
arks
5 ampul
laeoflon
ren
zin
i
tha
ta res
ens
iti
vetoE

8 Thev alu
eo f 6.
25x
10-18 8.
85x
10-12 9x
109 1
.
6x0-19
1
6 permit
tiv
ityoff
ree
spa
c einSI

8 I
nElectroene Hea
rt Li
ver Br
ain Ha
nds
7
Phal
ogr
aphytheP.D
bytheelect
ric
al
ac
tiv
ityof--- a r
e
us
edf o
rdiagnos
e

8 Theel ect
ricalac
tiv
ity Cu
rren
t Pot
enti
al Res
ist
anc
e Ca
pac
ita
nce
8 ofr et
inaofeye di
ffer
ence
generat
e—usedin
electr
or i
tin
og r
aphy

8 Windsh
iel
dwi per
sof Ch
argi
ng/ Pot
ent
ial Compton Oh
mla
w
9 ca
rt obeused Di
sch
argi
ng ef
fect ef
f ec
t
9 Theval
ueofcou
lomb 6.
25x
10-18 8.
85x
10-12 9x
109 1
.
6x0-19
1
0 co
nst
antinSI

91 Netchar
geo na I
nfi
nit
y q 2q 0
cap
aci
toris

9 I
np ho
tocop
iers
peci
al Pos
iti
ve Negat
ive Neutr
al n
one
2 b
lackpowderca
lled ch
arge cha
rge cha
rge
t
onergiv
es

9 Ach
ar g
eof4 Cisin 8N 1
6N 4N 1N
3 t
hefieldo
f4 N/C,
t
heforceo
ncha
rgeis

CHAPTER 1
3CURRENT ELECTRI
CITY
Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 I
ff ou
rthb a
ndo na ±
1% ±
5% ±
10% ±
20%
c
arbonresi
stori
sof
s
ilv
erc o
lorthen

i
tst
oler
anc
eis

2 Arh
eos
tatc
anb
eus
ed Vari
able Pot
enti
al Bo
thA&B Noneof
a
s res
ist
or di
vider th
ese

3 Max
imumpowerdel
iv ed E2/
er 4R 2
4rE Vi
t V2R
bybat
ter
yi s

4 Ifresi
stan
ceis Po
sit
ive Neg
ati
ve Rema
inss
ame No
ne
tr
avers
edi nthe
dir
ecti
ono fcur
rent
,th
e
chan
gei npot
enti
al

5 Thesubs
tan
ceh av
ing Ger
man
ium Al
umi
num Co
pper Co
bal
t
neg
ati
vetemper
atureco
-
eff
ici
entis

6 Ki
rch
offf
irs
truleis En
erg
y Vo
lta
ge Ch
arg
e Ma
ss
ba
sedoncon
ser
vat
iono
f

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hmi
sdef
ineda
s 1V/
C V/
A C/
V VA

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itofel
ect
ric Wa
tt Kil
lowa
tt Jo
ule KWh
po
weris sec
9 Theres
ist
anc
eofo
pen Zer
o I
nfi
nit
y 1
00 o
hm Noneof
ci
rcu
itis th
ese

1
0 Tempera
tureco- Oh
m-K Oh
m-m Kel
vin Perkel
vin
eff
ici
entofr es
ist
ivi
ty
ofama ter
ialis
meas
uredin

1
1 Whic
ho fthef o
llowi
ng El
ect
ric Elect
ric Tr
ans
for
mer Ga
lva
nomet
er
co
nvertmech
anical mo
tor gener
ator
en
ergyintoelectr
ica
l
en
ergy

1
2 Theterminalp
otent
ial 2E E E/
2 0
dif
ferenceofbatt
eryof
sho
rtc i
rcui
tofemfE
isequ
a l

1
3 Theg ra
phic
al Hyp
erb
ola El
lip
se Pa
rab
ola St
rai
ghtl
ine
repr
esent
ati
onofOh
m
lawis

1
4 Thecol
o rcodefor 2b
ands 4 ba
nds 5b
ands 7b
ands
ca
rbonresi
storu
sua
lly
co
nsi
stof

1
5
2
1
6 Oh
mla
wis V=I
R V=R/
I V=IR I
=VR

1
7 Resi
sti
vit
yisr
eci
pro
cal Co
ndu
cta
nce Co
ndu
cti
vit
y I
ndu
cti
on Noneof
of th
ese

1
8 Toler
anc
efo
rgo
ld ±
1% ±
5% ±
10% ±
20%
co
loris

1
9 I
no pencir
cui
tth
e I
nfi
nit
e Fi
nit
e Ma
ximu
m Zer
o
c
urrentf
lowin
gthr
oug
h
c
irc
u i
twillbe

2 As o
u r
ceo f10V i
s 1
A 2A 1
0A 1
5A
0 ap
plieda c
ross5ohm
wi
re,thec ur
rentthr
oug
h
wi
rewi llbe

21 Then u
mer
ica
lva
lueo
f 0 3 5 7
vi
olet

c
olo
ri ncol
orc
ode
r
epr
esent
s
2 A wir
eo fu n
iformarea Do
ubl
ed Rema
ins
ame Ha
lf I
ncrea
se
2 o
fc rosssect
ionA a n
d t
hreetimes
l
engthL c u
ti nt
o
twoeq ua
lp art
st h
e
resi
sti
vit
y

o
fea
chp
arti
s

23 Theemfisa l
ways--- Zer
o Pr
esen
t Ab
sen
t Ma
ximu
m
evennocur
rentisdr
awn
th
r o
ught
he

b
att
eryo
rcel
l

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emeni
sth
eun
ito
f Res
ist
anc
e Co
ndu
cta
nce Res
ist
ivi
ty Co
ndu
cti
vit
y
4

25 Resi
sti
vit
yo fc
ondu
cto
r Inc
reasei
n I
ncr
eas
ein I
ncreasein Decrea
sei
n
in
creas
ewi t
h Lengt
h a
rea i
ts len
gth
t
emp er
atu
re

26 Cu
rren
tfl
owi
nga
ses El
ect
rono
nly Elec
tro
ns Posi
tiv
eand Electr
onsa
nd
du
et o an
di on
s neg
ativei
ons h
oles

27 A s
tudenthasfi
ve 1
/50 o
hm 1
/25o
hm 1
/10o
hm 5o
hm
r
esi
stanceeachofva
lue
1
/5o hm.The

mi
nimu
mres
ist
anc
eth
at
ca
n

b
eo bta
inedby
c
ombi
ningthemin
p
ara
llelis

2 Electr
omot
ivefo
rcei
s Elec
tri
c Magn
etic Pot
enti
al I
ndu
cta
nce
8 cl
o s
elyrelat
edto in
tens
ity i
nten
sit
y di
ffer
ence

29 Whicho n
ei susedto Ammet
er Vo
ltmet
er Ga
lva
nomet
er Pot
ent
iomet
e
fin
dt hei n
ter
nal r
resi
sta
nceo fcell
?

30 Thep owerou
tputofa 3J 1
2J 1
20J 720J
la
mpi s6W.h owmuch
energydoesthelamp
gi
v esoutin2 mi
nutes

31Thepropo
rtio
nal
ity P R 1
/R V
co
nst
antbetweencurr
ent
an
dp ot
entia
l

di
ffer
enc
eis
32 A wi
reofresi
sta
nceR Do
ubl
e Sa
me Ha
lf On
efo
urt
h
i
sc u
tintotwoequa
l
p
artsit
s

res
ist
ancebeco
meR/
2
whathappen
sto
res
ist
ivi
ty?

33I
nliqu
idandga
ses Negat
ive Pos
iti
ve Neutr
al Electr
onsand
c
urr
entisdu
etomoti
on cha
rges ch
arges cha
rges posi
tiv
ea n
d
o
f negati
veions

34 I
nwhichoft
hes
e El
ect
rich
eat
erKet
tles El
ect
rici
ron Al
loft
hes
e
h
eat
ingef
fec
tused

35Thesubs
tan
ceh av
ing Ca
rbo
n I
ron Tu
ngs
ten Go
ld
neg
ati
vetemper
atureco
-
eff
ici
entis

36Resi
sti
vit
ya tagiv
en Areaofcr
oss Len
gth Nat
ureof Bothl
eng
th
temp
eratur
edepen
dson sect
ion ma
teri
al an
da r
ea

37 Ift h
ec o
ndu
cti
vit
yo faCo
ndu
cto
r Apoor Ag o
od Ani
nsu
lat
or
materi
aliss
malltheni
t c
ondu
ctor c
onduct
or
is

38A t
her
mis
tori
s Ar
esi
sto
r Thermal Ana diab
ati
c Ani s
oth
erma
l
sen
siti
ve res
isto
r res
ist
or
res
isto
r

39 Threer es
istan
ces 1
A 1
00mA 1
0mA 1
mA
5000,500 a n
d50 oh
ms
areconnectedi n

s
eri
esa cr
oss550V ma
i n
s,
t
hec u
rrentthr
oug
ht hem

40Col
orcodef
org
reen 2 3 4 5
co
lori
s
2
41Po
wero
utp
uti
sgi
venb
y E2R E2R IR Al
loft
hes
e

(
R+r
)2 (
R−r
)2+4Rr

Mhom-1 i
sth
eSIu
nit Co
ndu
cti
vit
y Co
ndu
cta
nce Res
ist
anc
e Ca
pac
ita
nce
of

Ar
heo
sta
tca
nbeu
seda
s Pot
enti
al Co
ndu
cta
nce Rec
tif
ier Amp
lif
ier
di
vider

44Thema g
nitu
deo fdr
if 0-3 m/s
t 1 06 m/
1 s 0-6 m/
1 s 07 m/
1 s
vel
oci
tyi sorder
45A b
atteryof50V is 2A 5A 1
0A 20A
a
ttach
edt oas er
ies
c
ombinat
ion o
f

5,
10,
10o
hm ,t
hec
urr
enti
n
ci
rcu
itis

46Thef l
owofcharg
e Cu
rren
t c
har
ge Po
wer Amp
ere
thr
oughauni
for
mc ro
ss
sec
tio
nwir
ei na

u
nitt
imei
sca
lled

471
00W b
ulbi
sop
era
tedb
y0.
5A 1
A 2A 2.
5A

200V,th
ec ur
ren
tfl
owi
ng
th
roug
hb ul
bis

48Thenumer
ica
lva
lueof 0 3 5 8
or
ang
ec ol
orinco
lorc
ode
ca
rbon

r
esi
sto
ris

49Whenc o
nduc
tivi
tyof Ani
nsu
lat
or A Agood A
mater
ialishig
ht h
enit s
emi
con
duc
toc
ondu
ctor s
uper
con
duc
tor
is r

50Elec
tri
calanal
ogofma
ssCa
pac
ita
nce I
ndu
cta
nce Ch
arg
e Res
ist
anc
e
inelec
tri
cit
yi s

51 A t
hermis
tori
sah
eat Ca
pac
ito
r Di
ode Res
ist
or I
ndu
cto
r
s
ensi
tiv
e

52A wi
reo fu n
ifo
rma r
eao fDo
ubl
e Ha
lf 4t
imes On
efo
urt
h
c
rosssecti
onA a n
dl en
gth
Lisc ut

i
ntot
woeq
ualp
art
s,t
he

r
esi
stan
ceo
fea
chp
art
b
ecomes

53 Thes mall
estr
esis
tance 200 o
hm 1
/200 o
hm 50/
4oh
m 4/
50 o
hm
obt
ainedb yco
nnected50
res
ist
a n
ceeachof¼ o hm

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lorofs tr
ipsona 4 ki
lloo
hm 400 o
hm 40 o
hm 40 k
ill
ooh
m
car
bonresis
torfrom
extr
emel ef
ta reyellow,
bla
cka ndred
res
pecti
velyitsresi
sta
n c
e
wil
l
be
54 Thenu
meric
alva
lueo
f 1 0 2 3
bl
ackcol
oris

55 Whent emp
erat
ure I
ncr
eas
es Dec
rea
ses Rema
inss
ame Va
nis
h
i
ncrea
ses,theres
ist
anc
e
ofconduct
or

56 Ki
rch
offf
irs
tru
lei
s ƩV=0 ƩI
=0 ƩR=0 ƩB=0

57 Termin
alp o
tenti
al V=E+I
r V=E-I
r V=E-r
/l No
ne
diff
erenceofb at
ter
yo f
in
ternalres
ist
ancera n
d
emfE i s

58 Heatsen
sit
iver
esi
sto
risRes
ist
or Ca
pac
ito
r Th
ermi
sto
r I
ndu
cto
r
cal
led
2
59 Theheatpr
oducedbytheI Rt R2t
I I
/TR HI
R
pa
ssa
geo fcu
rrentt
hro
ugh
aresi
sto
rH=?

60 Th
epo
ten
tia
ldi
ffer
enc
e 400 V 500V 600V 700V

b
etweenh
eada
ndt
ailo
f

el
ect
riceeli
s

61 A c
u r
rentof1A amper
e 60C 30C 1c 0.
016C
p
assesthro
ughawirein
i
n1mi n,char
gef
lowing

62 SIu
nito
femfi
s Newt
on Pa
sca
l Vo
lt Amp
ere

63 I
fresi
stan
cei
s500 o
hm 600 o
hm 450 o
hm 550 o
hm 400 o
hm
h
avefour
thba
ndofsi
lver
c
olo
r

t
henitsup
perma
ximu
m
r
esi
sta
ncewil
lbe

64 Speci
ficres
ist
anc
eof Len
gth Ar
ea Temp
era
tur
e Bo
thA&B
ma
t er
ialdepen
ds

65 Thecu
rrentwhichflow Electr
oni
c Conv
enti
ona
l Di
recti
ona
l Eit
hero
f
fr
omhigherpoten
tia
lt o c
urr
ent cu
rrent cu
rren
t th
ese
lo
werpoten
tia
li scall
ed

66 I
ft hereisn
of ou
rthban
d±1
% ±
5% ±
10% ±
20%
i
nc a
r b
onres
ist
orthen
t
oler
a n
ce

wi
llb
e

67 A z
erooh
mr es
ist
ori
s Si
ngleb
lac
k Si
ngl
ered Si
ngl
ebl
ue Si
ngl
egr
een
i
ndi
cat
edb ya co
lor co
lor co
lor co
lor
68 Whatisresi
stan
ceo f 1
00 o
hm 1
50 o
hm 200 o
hm 250 o
hm
ca
rbonresi
sto
rwh ic
h
ban
dsbrown,blackand
br
own

69 Whati
sth
eco
lorc
ode Gr
een,
red,
blu
e Green
,blue, Yell
ow,
green, Viol
et,
fo
r Go
ld redViol
et b l
ue,yel
l o
w r ed,
green
,gr
ay

52M ±
5%?

70 Ki
rchoff2nd r
uleis En
erg
y Ma
ss Ch
arg
e Mo
men
tum
ac
cordanc
et ol a
wo f
co
nserv
atio
no f

CHAPTER 1
4 ELECTROMAGNETI
SM
Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 Un
ito
fma
gnet
icf
luxi
s Weber Ga
uss Tes
la Amp
erm2
/

2 Hi
ghr esi
stan
ceRht hat Noneof
conn
ectedi nser
ieswit
h +Rg - Rg +I
Rg th
ese
galv
anometerofresi
sta
nce
Rgt oc o
nvertin
to
vol
tmetero fran
geV volt
s
is

g
iven
by

3 Galv
onometerca
nb emade Ma
del
arg
e Ma
des
mal
l Remai
ns Noneof
mor
es ens
itiv
eiftheva
l u
e con
sta
nt th
ese
offacto
rC/ NAB i
s

4 I
no r
dertoincr
easethe Kept Dec
rea
sed I
ncr
eas
ed Ma
dez
ero
r
angeofvol
tmeterth
e con
sta
nt
s
eri
esres
ist
anceis

5 Magn
eti
cflu
xth
rou
gha
n Ø=E.
A Ø=Ex
A Ø=B.
A Ø=Bx
A
ar
eaA is

6 Wh i
cho fth
ef o
l l
owingi
s Ammet
er Ga
lva
nomet
er VTVM Vo
ltmet
er
lik
elyt ohaveleast
resi
sta
nce

7 Vol
tmeteri
sal
ways Pa
ral
lel Ser
ies Bo
thA&B No
ne
co
nnect
edinci
rcu
it

8 1t
esl
aiseq
ualt
o 1NA-1m-1 NA-1m
1 NAm-1
1 1
Nam
9 Ma
gnet
icf
orc
eiss
imp
lya Deflec
tin
g Reflec
tin
g Resto
rin
g Grav
ita
tio
nal
for
ce for
ce for
ce fo
rce

1
0 Rig
htha
ndp a
lmrul
ei s Cu
rren
t Emf Fo
rce Temp
era
tur
e
us
edtofin
dt hedi
rec
tion
of

1
1 Magn
eti
cindu
cti
oni
na B= on
I B= oNI B= o
n No
ne
so
len
oidis

1
2 InCRO th
eo u
tpu
t Ci
rcu
lar Sq
uar
e Si
nus
oida
l Sa
wto
oth
wav
efor
mo fti
meb a
se
gen
era
toris

1
3 e/
mofa
nel
ect
ron B2r
2
/2V 2
Br/2V 2V/B2r
2
2V2/
B2r
2

1
4 Tomea s
urethecur
ren
t Pa
ral
lel Ser
ies Bo
thA&B No
ne
ammet
eri sa
lways
con
nect
ed

1
5 Themathema
tic
al Len
zla
w Amp
erel
aw Ga
uss
’sl
aw Fa
rada
yla
w
ex
pres
sionƩ(B.
dl)
= o
Iis
kn
owna s

1
6 Th
ema
ximu
mto
rqu
eona NI
BA I
BA I
BAs
inƟ NI
BAc
osƟ

c
urr
entc
arr
yin
gco
ilo
fN
t
urn
sist=?
1
1 -1
1 -1
9
1
7 Theval
ueofe/
mof 1
.75x
10 1
.
75x
10 1
.
6x1
0 Zer
o
el
ect
ronis

C/
kg

1
8 Bri
ghtn
essofthespo
tof Ca
tho
de An
ode Gr
id Pl
ate
th
eCRO o nthesc
reeni
s
con
tro
lledby

9 Ma
1 gnet
icf o
rceonamo
vin
g Magn
eti
c Elec
tri
c Veloc
ityo
f Bo
thA&C
cha
rgedp ar
tic
leis fi
eld fi
eld par
ticl
e
per
pendic
ular
tothe

20 Resi
sta
nceofv
olt
met
er Lo
w Ver
yhi
gh Hi
gh Ver
ylo
w
sh
ouldb e

21 Sen
sit
ivi
tyofgal
van
omet
er Decreas
ing Decr
easi
ng In
creas
ing Usi
ngaf in
e
isi
ncrea
sedby thea r
eao f theno.of th
e su
spen
sio
n
coi
l tu
rnsof magn
etic
fi
eld
c
oil
22 A ma
gneti
cfiel
da c
tson Sp
eed En
erg
y Dir
ect
ion Al
loft
hes
e
acharg
edp a
rti
clesoa
s ofmoti
on
t
oc han
ge

i
ts

23 A cu r
rentcar
ryin
gc oi
l 0˚ 90 ˚ 1
80 ˚ 45˚
pl
a cedi nama g
neti
cf iel
d
ex
p eriencet
orquemaximum
whena n
gleis

24 Ma g
neti
cfieldB=4i^
+18k
^ 20 web 90x
10-4 web 90 web Zer
o
-
webm
2
pas
sesth
rough5k
^m2
areanetfluxis

25 AnAVO met
eri
sal
so Ana
mmet
er Av
olt
met
er A Ano
hmmet
er
ca
lled mul
timet
er

26 Foracurr
entc
arr
yin
g Nou
nit m-1 m-2 m-3
co
ndu
ctorthet
erm“n”h
as
un
tias

27 Foranelec
tro
ne/
mis B/
Vr V/Br Br
/V VBr
gi
venby

28 Magnet
icfiel
di ns
idethe o2 r
/NI o
NI/2r o
nI/
2r No
ne
tu
rnsoftoroi
do fr a
diu
sr
andN tur
nsc ar
ryi
ng
cur
rentIisg i
venb y

29 Twop
aral
lelwir
esc u
rren
t Noef
fec
t Repelea
ch Att
rac
t Neither
i
nopp
osi
tedirec
tio
n ot
her ea
cho t
her att
r a
ctn o
repel

30 A 5m wir
ec arr
ying 5N 1
0N 20N 25N
c
urren
t2A a tr i
ght
a
nglet ofiel
d0. 5T,t
he
f
orce

31 Th
ean
odei
nCRO Cont
rolt
he Cont
rolthe Accelerat
e Atnegati
ve
no
. bri
ghtn
essof andfo c
us p o
tenti
alw.r
.t
sp
otf or
med b eam ca
thode
o
fwa
ves

32 Ins
tru
mentu
sedforth
e Ga
lva
nomet
er Ammet
er Vo
ltemet
er Oh
mmet
er
detec
tio
nofcur
ren
tis

33 Bestma
gnet
icma
ter
iali
s Al
nic
oV I
ron Ni
ckel Co
bal
t
madeupof
34 Thedir
ecti
onofv
ect
or Fo
rce Ma
g.Fi
eld Elec
tri
c Len
gth
Lx
Bi ssameas fi
eld

35 Electr
iccu
rren
tpr
odu
ces Fa
rada
y Oer
sted Hen
ry Len
z
magneti
cfi
eldwas
su
g g
estedby

36 Torq
ueo ncur
ren
t NI
ABc
osƟ BI
Lsi
nƟ NI
ABs
inƟ BI
L
ca
rryin
gc o
ilist=?

37 Whenas mallres
ist
ance Vo
ltmet
er Ammet
er Whea
tsto
ne Po
ten
tio
met
er
i
sc on
nectedparal
lelto br
idge
thegalv
anomet
ert he
res
ultis

38 On
eweb
eri
seq
ualt
o N/
A Nm-1
A Nm/
A N/
Am

39 CRO wo
rksb
ydef
lec
tin
g Neu
tro
ns Pr
oto
ns El
ect
ron
s Po
sit
ron
s
bea
mo f

40 Ifma g
net
icfiel
di s Fo
urt
imes Twot
imes Three Si
xti
mes
doubl
edthenmag n
etic ti
mes
ener
gydensi
tyb ecomes

41 Aninstr
umentt ha
tg i
ves Vo
ltmet
er Ga
lva
nomet
er Wa
ttmet
er Po
ten
tio
met
er
po
interdeflecti
on
pr
oporti
ona
lt ot he
cu
rrentthroug
hi ts
elfis
ca
lleda

42 Thedef l
ect
ionin 1
0oh
m 20 o
hm 30 o
hm 40o
hm
ga
lvano
meterfal
ls50
di
vis
ionto25di vi
sio
n

whena20 ohmshun
tis
appl
iedthega
lva
nomet
er
res
ist
anc
eis

43 Themagn
eticforce Ma
gnet
icf
lux I
ndu
cedemf Mot
ion
al Mag
netic
ac
tin
gonau n
itp o
sit
ive emf i
nduct
ion
ch
argemovi
nga t

rig
hta ngl
et othe
magneti
cf i
eldwithu
nit
veloc
ityisc a
lled

44 SIuni
to fmag
net
ic Web
er Tes
la Ga
uss Fa
rad
in
duc
tio
ni s

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en u
mberof a
nodes Ca
tho
de Gr
id Fi
lamen
t
el
ect
ronsisco
ntr
oll
ed
byoper
ati
ng
46 Theuni
tofE i
sN/C ms
-2 Ms ms
-1 m-1s
-1
an
dB isN/Am t
heu
nit
ofE/
Bi s

47 Twolongpar
all
elwi
res Rep
el At
tra
ct Remai
nsa
t St
artr
ota
tin
g
ca
rryi
ngcur
renttos
ame res
t
di
rect
ionwi
ll---

ea
cho
ther

48 A c ha
rgedp ar
ticl
e Fi
eld Mo
tio
n Opp
osi
teto Perp
endic
ular
mo v
inginama gn
etic i
tsmoti
on t ofiel
da nd
fieldex p
erien
cea it
smo t
ion
result
ingforceint h
e
directi
ono f

49 Gr
idi
nCRO Contro
lthe Con
trolt
he Hasposi
tiv
e Acceler
ate
nu
mb erof br
ight
nes
s po
tenti
al el
ec t
rons
waves w.
r.
t
ca
thode

50 Toconver
tg al
van
ometer Ig
Rg/I
-Ig I
-Ig
/Ig
Rg I
R No
ne
i
ntoammeterthep a
rall
el
sh
untresi
sta
nceRseq ual
2
51 Whichonei
sco
rrec
t Web
m=N/Am 1 1webm2=1 Al
loft
hes
e
s tes
la
4
rel
ati
on? t
esl
a=1
0g a
us

52 Galva
nometerco
nst
anti
n NB/
CA C/NAB NAB/
C CA/
NB
amo v
ingcoil
gal
vanomet
erisgiv
enby
K=?

53 Theun
ito
fmagn
eti
c Web
er Tes
la Ga
uss Newt
on
fi
eldi
nSIis

54 Beamofelec
tro
nis Po
sit
iver
ays X-r
ays Ca
tho
der
ays Co
smi
cra
ys
al
soca
lled

55 Ammeteri
sus
edt
o Res
ist
anc
e Vo
lta
ge Cu
rren
t Ca
pac
ita
nce
meas
ure

56 Anelect
rono
fmassm rpr
opo
rti
ona
l r rpr
opor
tio
nal rpr
opor
tio
nal
an
dc har
geeismovi
ng t
om p
rop
ort
ion
al t
o1/v t
o1/m
i
nc i
rcl
eo fr
adi
usr t
oB
wi
thspeedvi
nun
ifo
rm
ma
gnet
ic

f
iel
dB t
hen
57 Vol
tmeteri
sus
edt
o Cu
rren
t Res
ist
anc
e Temp
era
tur
e Vo
lta
ge
meas
ure

58 For
ceonamoving 0˚ 90 ˚ 60 ˚ 30˚
ch
argeinauni
for
m
magn
eti
cfi
eldwillb
e

maxi
mum wh
ena
ngl
e
bet
weenv

a
ndB i
s

59 Relat
ionbet
ween Di
rec
t I
nver
se Bo
thA&B No
ne
cur
rentan
ddef l
ect
ion
is

60 Shuntres
ist
anc
eisa
lso Byp ass Speci
fic Rea
cta
nce I
mpeda
nce
ca
lled res
ist
or res
ist
ance

61 Shunt
edg
alv
ano
met
eri
s Ammet
er Vo
ltmet
er Oh
mmet
er Po
ten
tio
met
er
ca
lled

62 I
f0.5T fiel
do v
eran 0.50 T 0.
50 Web 0.
25Web 0.
25T
a
reaof2m2 wh i
chlies
a
ta na
ng l
eo f60ᵒwi t
h
f
iel
d,thenresu
lti
ng
f
lux

63 Thesu
mofelec
tri
can
d Maxwel
l Lorentz Newt
onf
orc
e Centr
ipet
al
ma
gnet
icf
orc
eis fo
rce fo
rc e for
ce

64 Incas
eo fco
nvers
ionof I
npa
ral
lel I
nser
ies Neith
er Bo
thA&B
g
alv
anomet
erint
o ser
iesnor
a
mmetertheshu
nt par
allel
r
esi
sta
nceisconn
ected

65 Workdoneonc ha
rge Ma
ximu
m Zer
o Neg
ati
ve I
nfi
nit
y
par
tic
lemovin
gi n
un
ifor
m mag
neticfiel
d

66 I
fth en
umberoftu
rns Ha
lf Do
ubl
e Rema
inss
ame Zer
o
b
ecomedou
bledbu
t
l
eng
thremai
ns

s
ame,t
henmag
net
ic
f
iel
dinthe

s
olen
oidb
eco
me

67 e/
mofn
eut
ron Lessthan Grea
terth
en Zer
o Thesamea
s
elec
tro
n el
ectro
n el
ect
ron
68 I
nc ur
rentc
arryin
g Radi
usof Numbero f Cu
rren
t Al
loft
hes
e
s
olen
oidthema g
net i
c so
leno
id tu
rnsp er
f
ielddoesnotdep ends un
itl eng
th
u
pon

69 Magn
eti
cli
neso
ffo
rce I
mag
ina
ry Rea
l Per
pen
dic
ula
r Plan
eto
ar
e fi
eld

70 Amper
el a
wi sma
gnet
ic Newt
onl
aw Ga
ussl
aw Fa
rada
yla
w Oh
mla
w
equ
iva
len
to f

71 Thepo
interofdea
d Va
ria
ble St
eady Co
nti
nuo
us Sl
ow
bea
tgalv
a n
omet
ergiv
es
a----

defl
ect
ionb
eca
useo
f
eddy

c
urr
ent

72 Ifcurr
entf l
owin
g Bec
omesh
alf Beco
mesf
our Noef
fec
t Bec
omesz
ero
th
roughsolen
oidb eco
mes ti
mes
doub
let h
enma gneti
c
fi
eldinsi
de

73 Thema gn
eticf orc
eon 16*
101
2N 1
.
6*0-13 N
1 0N I
nfi
nit
y
electr
ontravell
ingat
6
10 m/ spa
ra l
leltothe
fi
el dofstrength1Tis

74 A 50mH co
ilca
rri
esa 0.
05J 0.
1J 1
0J 50 J
cu
rrentof2A.The
en
ergystor
edinB is
 CHAPTER 1
5ELECTROMAGNETI
CINDUCTI
ON

Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 I
fa ninduc
torh asN tur
n so fa I
/NØ N Ø/I NI
/Ø Ø/
NI
c
oilandØ i smagneti
cfl ux
t
hrou
ghea chturnwhenc urrent
Iisflo
wingi nit,th
ens elf
i
nduc
tanceisg i
venb y

2 Theval
ueofemfi
ndu
cedi
n 2f
NIAB 2f
N2AB NI
fAB 4f
2NAB
ar
mat
ureof

Nt u
rnsan
da reaA rot
ati
ngi
n
magn
eti
cfiel
dB wi t
h
fr
equen
cyfisg iv
enb y

3 I
nc ho
keo fi
ndu
cta
nceL a
nd Lisla
rge Lissma
ll BothR&L BothR&L
r
esi
stan
ce a
ndR is a
ndR is ar
el a
rge ar
es ma
ll
s
mal
l l
arg
e
R

4 I
ndu
cta
ncei
smea
sur
edi
n v
olt Amp
ere Hen
ry Oh
m

5 A 50mH c
o ilca
rri
escu
rren
tof 0.
05J 0.
1J 1
0J 1
00J
2A theenergystor
edinit
s
ma
g n
eticfield is

6 Ener
gysto
redi
nin
duc
tori
s V2
½c 2
½ LI ½ BL2 No
ne
gi
venby

7 Anidea
lt r
ans
for
merobeyt
he Fl
ux Mo
men
tum En
erg
y Ch
arg
e
la
wo fcon
serv
ati
onof

8 Thedev i
cewh i
chcon
ver
ts Tr
ans
for
mer Ga
lva
nomet
er Ac D.
Cmo
tor
elec
tri
calenergyi
nto gen
era
tor
mechan
icalener
gyiscal
led

9 Thec
oreoft
ran
sfo
rmeris Hig
h Good Good Magn
etic
ma
deofir
onbec
auseof melt
ing co
nduct
orof co
nduct
or ma
teria
l
poi
nt el
ectr
ici
ty o fheat

1
1 Whic
hc onv
ert
sthe Tr
ans
for
mer Ga
lva
nomet
er Ac D.
Cmo
tor
mecha
nic
alenerg
y gen
era
tor
in
toelectr
ica
lener
gy

1
2 Anin
duc
tormays
tor
e El
ect
ricf
iel
d Magn
eti
c Co
ils Neig
hbor
ing
en
erg
yinits fi
eld ci
rcui
t
1
3 Therati
oo fav
erage Sel
fin
duc
tan
ce Mut
ual Self
- Mu
tua
lin
duc
tio
n
i
nduc
edemft or at
e i
nduct
anc
e in
ducti
on
ofchan
geo fcur
rent
i
nac oilisca
lled

1
4 Oneh
enr
yiseq
ual VSA VSA2 VSA-1 No
ne
to

1
5 Thef
requen
cyofAC 30Hz 40Hz 50Hz 1
00Hz
i
nPakis
tanis

1
6 Whichoneiscor
rec
t Ns
/Np
=Vp
/Vs I
s/I
p=Vs
/Vp Ns
/Np
=Ip
/Is I
s/I
p=Vp
/Vs
rel
ati
onf o
r
tra
nsfo
rmeris

1
7 Maxi
mumvalu
eo f NBA/
W N AB BA NI
AB
i
nducedemfi nthe
co
ilo fA.
Cg ener
ator
i
s

1
8 Thepowerl
ossi
n Eddyc
urr
ent Magn
eti
c Hys
ter
esi
s Bo
thA&C
tr
ans
for
merdueto fi
eld
2 2 2 2
1
9 Ener
gydensi
tyo
f B/
2o o
/2B o
/2B B /2 o
in
ducto
ris

20 Theprin
cip
leo
fAC Co
ulo
mbl
aw Amp
erel
aw Fa
rada
yla
w Len
zla
w
gen
era
toris

21 I
fv elo
cityo
fa -v
BL -v
/BL -BL/
v Zer
o
c
onducto
rmovi
ng
t
hroug
hama gnet
ic
f
ieldB ismadez er
o

t
henmo
tio
nalemfi
s

22 Energ
ys to
redp er El
ect
ricf
lux Ener
gy Wo
rk Vol
umech
arg
e
uni
tv ol
umeins
idea dens
ity den
sit
y
so
lenoi
di sca
lled

23 Mut
ualin
ducta
nce Densi
tyo
f Ma
ter
ial Geo
met
ry St
iff
nes
s
dep
endsupo
n coi
l

24 Whenmot
orisju
st Ma
ximu
m z
ero Mi
nimu
m I
nfi
nit
e
st
art
ed,bac
kemfis
al
most

25 Turnrati
oof 44V 4.
4V 220V 1
100V
tr
ansf
ormeris50 if
the220V isappl
ied
toitspri
marycoi
l.
vo
ltageinseco
ndary
 c
oilwi
llb
e

26 A t
ran
sfo
rmerwo
rks A.
Con
ly D.
Con
ly Bo
thA&B Ha
snol
oss
o
n
2 2 2
27 Selfi
nducta
nceof o
nA/
l o
n A/
l o
n Al o
n l/
A
lon
gsolen
oidwithn
tur
nsperunitl
engt
h
isL=?

28 Altern
ati
ngc u
rrent Mech
anic
al Chemi
cal Sol
ar Po
ten
tia
len
erg
y
gener
atorconv
erts en
ergy en
ergy en
ergy
whichtypeofen er
gy
int
oel ec
tri
cal
energ
y

29 Eddyc ur
rent Hea
tlo
ss Stepup Stepdown I
ndu
cti
on
pro
ducedi nthecor
e pr
o c
ess pr
o c
ess
oftra
n s
formerar
e p
hen
omen
on
res
pon
siblef o
r

30 Ma g
neticpot
enti
al Underroo
tof Cuberoo
tof Squar
eo f No
ne
energysto
redi nan c u
rrent cu
rren
t cu
rrent
in
du ct
ordependsupo
n

31 I
nn o
ni deal Po
wer Fr
equ
enc
y Cu
rren
t Vo
lta
ge
t
ran
sformer,whic
h
q
uant
ityr emai
ns
u
nchan
ged?

32 Theworkst
oredi
n Ki
net
icen
erg
y Ela
sti
c Magn
etic Grav
ita
tio
nal
i
nduc
torasa po
tent
ial po
tenti
al po
tenti
alener
gy
en
ergy en
ergy

33 Thepract
ica
l El
ect
ricmo
tor Tr
ans
for
mer Gen
era
tor No
ne
ap
pli
cati
onmu t
ual
i
nduc
tio
ni s

34 SIu n
itofmu t
ualan
d Sa
me Di
ffer
ent Nou
nit No
neo
fth
ese
sel
f-indu
cti
ona r
e

35 I
nduct
anc
ei smo
rei
n Ai
rco
redc
oilI
ronco
red Tung
sten St
eelc
ored
s
elf
-indu
cti
onin c
oil co
red

36 Toco
nst
ruc
tas tep Ns
<Np Ns
>Np Ns
=Np No
ne
do
wntra
nsf
ormer

37 Mutua
lin
ducti
on Ar
eao
fco
ils Numbero
f Dis
tanc
e Al
loft
hes
e
bet
weentwocoil
s tu
rns bet
ween
depen
dsupo
n coi
ls
38 I
nduct
a nc
eo fcoi
lin Para
mag
net
ic Di
amag
net
ic Fer
roma
gnet
i Anti
fer
roma
gnet
ic
t
ran
sformeris co
re co
re co
re
i
ncr
easedb yusi
ng ccor
e

40 “
Thedi rect
ionof Fa
rada
yla
w Len
zla
w Oh
mla
w No
ne
i
nducedc u
rrentis
a
lwayssoa stoo ppo
se
t
hec han
g ewhich
c
aus
est hec ur
rent
”i s
s
tat
ement

o
f

41 I
fmotori
so v
erloa
ded I
ncr
eas
es Dec
rea
se Co
nst
ant Bec
omesz
ero
t
henth
ema g
nitu
deo f
b
ackemf

42 Whichoft hefoll
owi
ng Ar
mat
ure Ma
gnet Sl
ipr
ing
s Co
mmu
tat
or
i
sn otpresen
tin
alt
ernat
ingcurr
ent
gener
ator

43 Themos
tco
mmo
n Mo
tor Cel
l Gen
era
tor Th
ermo
cou
ple
so
urc
eofACvol
tag
e
i
s

44 Ifma g
net
icfiel
di s Fo
urt
imes Twot
imes Th
reet
imes Si
xti
mes
doub
ledthenmagneti
c
ener
gydensi
ty
beco
mes

45 Theinduc
tancecanbe Co
pper Si
lic
on I
ron Al
umi
num
in
crea
sedb ywin
ding
thewirearo
undac ore
madeof

46 Ifwema ket he Dec

rea
sed I
ncr
eas
ed Va
nis
hed Kep
tco
nst
ant
magnet
icf i
eldstr
onger
th
env alu
eo finduc
ed
cur
rentis

47 ACg
ener
ato
rus
es Co
iledr
ing
s Sp
litr
ing
s Sl
ipr
ing
s So
len
oidr
ing
s

48 I
nduct
anc
ei smo
rei
n Airco
red I
ronc
ored Tung
sten St
eelc
ored
s
elf
-indu
cti
onin co
il co
red

49 Whenba
ckemfis Mi
nimu
m Ma
ximu
m Zer
o St
eady
zer
oitdra
wscu
rren
t
50 A metalrodo flengt
h 0.
25N 0.
25V 2.
5V 25V
1mi smovi
nga ta
speedo f1m/sina
direct
ionmakin
ga n
angleof30˚ wi
th0.5T
theemfp roduced

51 Henr
yist
heSIu
nit Cu
rren
t Res
ist
anc
e Fl
ux Sel
fin
duc
tan
ce
of

52 Themos
tc o
mmon Mo
tor Tr
ans
for
mer Acg
ener
ato
r Al
loft
hes
e
so
urc
eofa l
ter
nat
ing
vo
lta
geis

53 Whenbackemfinthe Maximu
m Steady Zer
ocu
rren
t No
ne
gen
erato
rismax
imu
m cu
rrent cu
r r
ent
i
tdr a
w

54 Eddyc u
rren
ta r
e Timeva
ryi
ng Mo
vin
g Atr
est No
ne
pr
o du
cedinama ter
ial
whenitisplac
edi n f
ield

55 I
nACi n
duct
or Ca
pac
ito
r Res
ist
or Co
mmu
tat
or Tr
ans
ist
or
b
eha
vesas

56 Whic
ho fthef o
llo
win
g Np
>Ns Np
<Ns Np
=Ns No
ne
i
sc or
rectstepup
tr
ansf
ormer
?

57 Whenal oopo fwi

rei
s Eddyc
urr
ent DCc
urr
ent Photo I
ndu
cedc
urr
ent
moveda c
rossa el
ectric
magnet
icf i
eld.Th
e cu
rrent
cu
rrentproducedi
n

i
twh
ichi
sca
lled

58 A ro
do flen
gth20m 2000V 4000V 6000V 8000V
ismovi
ngwit
hveloci
ty
20m/si nadirec
tio
n

per
pendic
ularto
magn
eticfiel
do f
20T

wh
ati
sva
lueo
femf

59 Whenc on
stan
tc u
rrent Zer
o Co
nst
ant Al
ter
nat
ing I
rreg
ula
r
fl
owsi npri
maryo f
tr
ans
f o
rmert h
enemf
i
nduceda cr
oss

s
eco
nda
ryi
s

60 SIu
nito
fin
duc
ed Oh
m Tes
la Hen
ry Vo
lt
 emfi
s

61 Whenthemot
ori
sjust Ma
ximu
m Mi
nimu
m Al
mos
tzer
o Eq
ualt
o
st
art
ed,ba
ckemfis
c
urr
ent

62 SIunitofmu
tua
l VSA VSA2 VSA-1 No
ne
in
duc
tanc
eis

63 Commu
tat
orsa
reu
sed DCg
ener
ato
r AC ACmo
tor ACr
ota
tor
in gen
era
tor

64 Commut
ato
rwa
s 1
736 1
834 1
935 1
885
in
vent
edin

65 Work
ingp r
inc
ipl
eof Self Fa
rada
yla
w Mut
ual EM i
ndu
cti
on
tr
ans
formeris in
ducti
on i
nduct
ion

67 Thes
elf
-in
duc
tio
nisg
iven NL= I NI
=L N =LI N=LI
by

68 A s
impledev
icewhich Ca
pac
ito
r Res
ist
or Co
mmu
tat
or I
ndu
cto
r
p
revent
sthedirec
tionof
c
urren
tf r
omchangi
ngis

69 Whenac ondu
ctorismo
ved Var
iab
le Con
sta
nt I
ndu
cedemf Ba
ckemf
acr
ossmagnet
icfiel
dthen emf emf
emfprodu
cedi s

c
all
ed

70 Heat
eropera
teso
nth
e c
ondu
cti
on Elec
tro
sta
tic Elec
tro
magn
etc No
i ne
pr
inc
ipl
eo f In
ducti
on In
ducti
on

71 Ifas tepupt r
ansformer Cu
rren
t Po
wer v
olt
age Di
rec
tio
n
were100% effi
cient,the
pri
mar
ya n
ds eco
nda r
y
win
din
g swoul
dh a v
es ame

CHAPTER 1
6ALTERNATI
NG CURRENT
Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 Thep owerdi ss
ipa
tedinAC Phas
e Ga
inf
act
or Lo
ssf
act
or Po
werf
act
or
ci
rcuitisg iv
enb y fa
ctor
P=Ir
msVrmsc
osƟ,inrel
ati
on
 c
osƟi
sca
lled

2 I
nachok
eo fi
ndu
cta
nceL L i
slar
ge Lissma
ll Bo
thL an
d Bot
hL and
a
ndr
esi
stan
ceR a
ndR is a
ndR is Rarel
arge Rar
esma
ll
s
mall l
arg
e

3 Powerdis
sip
atedinp
ure La
rge Sma
ll I
nfi
nit
e Zer
o
in
ducto
randp ur
e
capa
cit
oris

4 I
nt hr
eep h
aseACs upp
ly 45° 1
20° 90° 1
80°
t
hep has
ediff
erenc
e
b
etweeneachpairof

c
oili
s

5 Impedanc
eZc a
nbe Z= Vrms/I
rms Z=VrmsI
rms Z=RI No
ne
exp
r es
sedby

6 Asinu
soi
dalcu
rren
th asrms 7.
7A 1
0A 1
4.1
4A 20A
v
alu
eo f10A,i
tsma x
imum
v
alu
ei s

7 Theaver
agev a
lueofAC Vo/
√2 Vo √2 Zer
o
ov
eronep er
iodwit
hpea
k
va
lueVoi s

8 Thermsva
lueo
fAC 1
50V 31
1V 1
10V 440V
su
pplyi
s220V i
tsp
eak
val
ueVois

9 I
nin
duc
tort
hev
olt
age Leadsthe La g
scu
rren
t Isinp
hase Ch a
nges
cur
rent90° b
y90° wit
hcurr
ent i
ndepen
den
tly

1
0 Hig
hf req
uen
cyr
adi
owa
ve Fl
uct
uat
ed Ca
rri
erwa
ve Ma
tterwa
ve Emer
gewa
ve
iscal
led wa
ve

1
1 Anin
duc
tormays
tor
e Magn
eti
c Elec
tri
c I
nco
ils Ci
rcu
it
en
erg
yinits fi
eld fi
eld

1
2 Thefreq
uen
cyo
fACi
n 30Hz 40Hz 50Hz 60Hz
Pa
kis
tanis

3 I
1 nRLCs er
iesci
rcu
itthe XL=Xc XL>Xc XL<Xc Noneof
t
rueco
ndit
ionf
orreso
nanc
e th
ese
t
akespl
ace

wh
en

4 Th
1 ehig
h estval
uer
eached Peakt
o Pea
kva
lue I
nst
ant
aneo
us Rootmea
n
bythevo l
tag
eo rc
urr
en t pea
kvalu
e v
alu
e sq
uareva
lue
i
no n
ec ycleis

c
all
ed
1
5 SIu
nito
fimp
eda
ncei
s Hen
ry Her
tz Amp
ere Oh
m

1
6 I
nRLCs er
iesc i
rcu
itt
he Mi
nimu
m Zer
o Ma
ximu
m I
nfi
nit
e
c
urr
entatreson
ance
f
requ
enc
ywi l
l

1
7 Thefor
mul
aforres
ona
nce 1 1 1 Noneof
fr
equ
encyisf
r= th
ese
2 LC 2 C

1
8 I
fI oi
sthep eakv
alu
eo f I
o/0.
707 √2 I
o/2
a
nACs up
plyt h
enrms
v
alu
eisgivenasIr
ms=?

1
9 Thenetreac
tan
ceo
fa Anindu
cto
r Acapa
cit
or Both Noneof
ci
rcu
itiszer
otheci
rcu
it on
ly o
nly in
ducto
rand th
ese
maycon
sis
tof capa
cit
or
43 Atr es
ona
ncet
hevalu
eof Vo
/R Vo
R I
/2 Zer
o
cu
rrentinRLCser
ies
 c
irc
uiti
seq
ualt
o

44 Whic
ho nei
smo
st Ga
mmar
ays X-r
ays UV r
ays Vis
ibl
e
en
erget
ic li
ght

45 I
ffr
equenc
yo fACs u
pply Ha
lf Twot
imes Fo
urt
imes On
efo
urt
h
i
sdo
ubledthenrea
ctanc
e
o
fcapa
cit
oris

46 I
fVr ms
=10√2 V t
hep
eak 1
0V 20V 40V 1
0/√2
v
alu
eVo =?

47 Th
ein
duc
tiv
erea
cta
ncei
s XL=Wc XL= L Xc
=1/
Wc XL=1
/WL

48 I
ntunnin
gac i
rcu
iti f Do
ubl
ed Ha
lved Rema
in I
ncrea
se4
c
apaci
tanceisdoubledan
d sa
me t
imes
i
ndu
ctanceishalved

t
henf
req
uen
cy

49 Thereac
tan
ceo
fan 20 o
hm 5o
hm 2.
5oh
m 1o
hm
i
nduc
torat

50Hzis10 itsrea
cta
nce
at100Hzbec
omes

50 I
nACi
ndu
cto
rbeh
avel
ike Semi
con
duc
torI
ndu
cto
rs Res
ist
or I
nsu
lat
or

51 DCc
ann
otf
lowt
hro
ugh Res
ist
or Ca
pac
ito
r I
ndu
cto
r Vo
ltmet
er

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pac
iti
ver
eac
tan
ceXc
=? XL=Wc XL=WL Xc
=1/Wc XL=1
/WL

53 I
np ur
eindu
ctiv
eAC Lagsbeh
ind Leadth
e Inph
ase Leadth
e
c
irc
uitth
ec ur
rent vo
ltag
e90ᵒ vo
lta
geb y wi
thvol
tag
e vo
lta
ge
90ᵒ 270ᵒ

54 Chokec
ons
umeex
tremel
y Cu
rren
t Ch
arg
e Po
wer Po
ten
tia
l
sma
ll

55 Thev eloc
ityofan Ch
ang
ing Co
nst
ant I
nfi
nit
e Zer
o
os
cill
a t
ingcha
rgeasit
movestoa ndfroa
lon
gwir
e
is

56 Thep ea
kvalu
eofAC 1
4.2A 1
0A 20 A 28.
2A
so
urceis20A,th
enr
ms
val
uewillbe

57 I
np ur
ecapa
cit
ivec
irc
uit I
nph
ase Outof Par
all
elto No
ne
c
urr
entan
dc har
geare ph
ase ea
cho t
her

58 Thep h
aseofACat /2 /
3 2
po
sit
ivepea
kfro
morig
in
59 XL i
slowf
orlo
w Lo
w Hi
gh Zer
o No
ne
fr
equen
cybu
tXcis

60 ACch
a n
gesit
spo
lar
ityi
n On
ce Twi
ce Th
ric
e Fo
urt
ime
on
cecycle

61 Meta
ldet
ect
orc
ons
isto
f LC RL RC RLC
ci
rcu
it

62 Allvol
tmet
ersand Rmsv
alu
e Pea
kva
lue Aver
age No
ne
ammet
ersmeas
ures va
lue

63 Reci
proc
alo
fimp
eda
ncei
s Res
ist
anc
e Def
lec
tio
n a
dmi
tta
nce Co
her
enc
e
cal
led

64 Shak
ea nelec
tri
cal
ly Mecha
nic
al Tr
ans
ver
se Lo
ngi
tudi
nal EM wa
ves
ch
argedobj
ecttoa n
dfr
o wav
es wa
ves wa
ves
an
dp ro
duce

65 Whenelect
ronsint h
e 94 Hz 940 KHz 94 KHz 94 MHz
tr
ans
mit
tingantennavibr
ate
94000 ti
mest henproduc
e
ra
diowaveo f

66 Th
eun
ito
f√ i
s Sec
ond Amp
ere Her
tz Fa
rad

67 In
duct
iver
eac
tanc
ei s Fr
equ
enc
y Res
ist
anc
e I
ndu
cta
nce Bo
thA&C
di
rec
tlypr
opo
rti
onalto

68 SIu
nito
frea
cta
ncei
s Jo
ule Amp
ere Vo
lt Oh
m

Ch
apt
er1
7Ph
ysi
cso
fSo
lids
Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 Thenumberofatomsi 04 t
n 1 o106 06 t
1 o108 012 t
1 o1016 1
021t
o1023
doma
insofmacro
scopi
c
si
zeofaf err
omagnet
ic
su
bst
anceare

2 Atcu
r i
et emper
atu
re f
err
oma
gnet
ic Di
ama
gnet
ic Pa
rama
gnet
ic Super
i
ronbecomes co
nducto
r

3 SIu
nito
fst
rai
nis N/
m2 N/
m Nm Nou
nit

4 Themo s
tsuit
ab l
e I
ron St
eel Al
umi
num Co
pper
mat
eri
a lfo
rma king
per
manentmagnetis
5 Asemi
conduc
torbeh
ave WhenP.
Dis Whenit
s Pentav
alen
t Tri
val
ent
a
sinsu
lat
o rwhen ap
pli
edit temp
era
tur
e impu
rityis i
mpuri
tyis
i
s0K added add

6 Thetemperat
ureat Cr
iti
cal Abso
lut
e Curi
’s Al
loft
hes
e
whi
chaf erro
magn
etic temp
erat
ure tempera
tur
e
mat
eri
alb eco
mes t
emp
era
tur
e
pa
ramagn
eticiscal
led

7 Therat
ioofstr
esst
o El
ect
ric
ity Res
ist
ivi
ty Co
ndu
cti
vit
y El
ast
ic
st
rai
nisca
lled mo
dulus

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e Ge P C Al
semic
ondu
cto
rap ur
eSI
shou
ldb edopedwith

a
tomso
f

9 Thesub
s t
ancewhic
h I
nsu
lat
or Semi
con
duc
tor Co
ndu
cto
r Super
ha
vepartial
lyfil
led co
nducto
r
co
ndu
ctionb a
nd
ar
ecalled

1
0 Thec on
duct
ivi
tyof 01 (
1 ohm m) 010 (
- 1 ohm m) 07(
- 1 ohm m) 015 (
-1 1 ohm m)
mater
ialisoftheorder 1 1 -1
of

1
1 Thesubst
ancewi th Co
ndu
cto
r I
nsu
lat
or Semi
con
duc
tor Super
con
duct
ivi
tyo ft he co
nducto
r
-1
or
derof1 0-6( o
hmm)
-1
to10-4 (Ώm)

1
2 Shearmodu
lusi
s Ɵ Ɵ / Ɵ
ex
p r
ess
eda sG=?

1
3 Theresi
sti
vit
yo f 07(
1 Ώm) 0-7(
1 Ώm) 0-6(
1 Ώm)
-1
co
ndu
c t
ora r
eo f

1
4 TheSIun
ito fst
res
sis Mo
men
tum Pr
ess
ure Fo
rce Len
gth
th
esametha
to f

5 Nm-2 i
1 sal
soc
all
ed Tes
la Web
er Pa
sca
l Ga
uss

1
6 Di
men
sio
nofs
tra
ina
re L2]
[ L-2]
[ [
ML-1T-2] No
di
men
sio
n

1
7 Whenas i
lic
onisdoped P t
ype Ntype I
n t
rin
sic Extr
ins
ic
wit
hp entav
alen
telements
emico
ndu
cto
r s
emic
ondu
cto
r semi
condu
cto
r
itbec
o mes semic
onduc
tor

1
8 A ma
g n
eti
cf i
eldact
s Sp
eed En
erg
y Di
rect
iono
f Al
loft
hes
e
c
hargedpart
icles
oa s mo
tio
n
 t
och
ang
eit
s

1
9 Eddyc ur
ren
tp ro
duc
ed Hea
tlo
ss Stepup Stepdown I
ndu
cti
on
inthecoreof pr
o c
ess pr
o c
ess
tra
nsf
ormerare p
hen
omen
on
res
pons
iblefor

20 Thea to
ms,i
onsand Adhes
ive Cohes
ive Electr
ost
ati
c Vander
molec
ulesofcrys
tal
lin
e f o
rces fo
rces fo
r c
e wa
llfor
ces
mater
ialsma
int
ain
st h
eir
lo
ngr angeo
rder

du
eto

21 Thesub
stan
cewi
th Co
ndu
cto
r I
nsu
lat
or Semi
con
duc
tor Super
co
ndu
ctiv
ityoft
he co
nducto
r
or
derof

0-10 (
1 ohm m)
-1t
o10-20
(
Ώm) -1

22 Whichoneisn
ota Co
bal
t Co
pper Ni
ckel I
ron
fer
roma
gnet
icsub
sta
nce

23 Glas
sandh
ighcar
bon Duct
ile Bri
ttl
e So
ftma
ter
ial Ha
rd
st
eelar
eexamp
leof su
bstan
ce su
bsta
nce ma
ter
ial

24 Wh a
tt ypeo fimp
u r
ity Mo
nov
alen
t Tr
iva
len
t Tet
rav
alen
t Pen
tav
alen
t
i
st ob ea ddedtot he
semico
nductormater
ial
top ro
videh ol
es

25 Innt yp
ema ter
ial
s Free Ho
les Pr
oto
ns Mes
ons
min
ori
tyc a
rri
era r
e el
ectro
ns

26 Themag
neti
smpro
duc
ed Sp
inmo
tio
n Or
bita
l Spi
nmo ti
on Vi
brat
ory
byel
ectr
onswi
thi
nan mo
tio
n an
do rbi
tal mo
tio
n
at
omisdue moti
on
t
o

27 Reci
pro
calofb
ulk El
ast
ici
ty You
ng Co
mpr
ess
ibi
lit
y Shea
r
modu
lusis mo
dulu
s mo
dulus

28 Curit
emp
era
tur
efo
r 0K 570 K 1
023K 378 K
ir
onis

29 Thes ubs
tan
ceinwh i
ch Fer
ro Par
a Di
ama
gnet
ic Co
ndu
cto
r
th
ea t
omsdon otfor
m mag
net
ic ma
gnet
ic
magneti
cdipol
ea r
e
cal
led
30 Subst
ancewh i
chbrea
k Duct
ile Hard So
fts
ubs
tan
ce Bri
ttl
e
jus
ta ft
ert heel
asti
c su
bstan
ce su
bstan
ce su
bsta
nce
li
mitisr ea
chedare
cal
led

31 Bestmag
net
icma
ter
ial Al
nic
oV I
ron Ni
ckel Co
bal
t
ismadeupof

32 Therat
ioofappl
ied You
ng Sh
ear Tens
ile bu
lkmo
dul
us
st
res
stovol
umetr
ic mo
dulu
s mo
dul
us modu
lus
st
rai
nisca
lled

33 Whenas tr
essc
hanges Vo lu
metr
ic Sh
ears
tres
s Ten
sil
est
res
s Comp
res
sio
nal
th
es hap
eo fab o
dyi t s
tress st
res
s
i
sc a
lled

34 Theabil
ityo fab o
dy Str
ain St
res
s El
ast
ici
ty Pl
ast
ici
ty
toret
urntoi tso
rigi
nal
sh
apeisc a
lled

35 whic
ho fth
efoll
owi
ng St
eel Wr
oug
hti
ron So
fti
ron Co
bal
t
hasthelea
sth
yster
esi
s
lo
opa r
ea

36 Whic
htypeofsoli
ds Cr
yst
all
ine Amo
rph
ous Bo
thA&B Noneof
ha
vedefin
itemelt
ing th
ese
po
intar
ec al
led

s
oli
ds

37 A wel
l-knownexamp
le Ger
man
ium Ph
osp
hor
us Al
umi
niu
m Co
bal
t
o
fa nintr
insi
csemi
c
onduct
oris

38 Whichoneisn
ota Co
bal
t Co
pper Ni
ckel I
ron
fer
roma
gnet
icsub
sta
nce
?

39 Glas
sandhig
hc arb
on Duct
ile Bri
ttl
e So
ftma
ter
ial Ha
rd
st
eelisanexamp
leo f su
bstan
ce su
bsta
nce ma
ter
ial

40 Thes ubs
tan
ceinwh i
ch Fer
roma
gnet
ic Pa
rama
gnet
ic Di
ama
gnet
ic Co
ndu
cto
r
th
ea t
omsdon otfor
m
magneti
cdipol
ea r
e
cal
led

41 Magneti
smlagsbehin
d Sat
ura
tio
n Ren
ten
tiv
ity Hys
ter
esi
s Co
erc
ivi
ty
th
ema gnet
iza
tion
cur
rentthi
sp hen
omenon
i
sc all
ed

42 Major
itycarr
ier
sinp h
oles Neu
tro
ns El
ect
ron
s Po
sit
ron
s
typ
es ubs
tan
ce
43 Major
itycarr
ier
sinn Pr
oto
ns Neu
tro
ns El
ect
ron
s Po
sit
ron
s
typ
es ubs
tan
ce

44 Ift h
ec o
ndu
ctiv
ityofa Ani
nsu
lat
or A Agood Asuper
materi
alishi
ght h
enit s
emi
con
duc
torc
ondu
ctor c
ondu
c t
or
is

45 Whic
ho fth
ef ol
lowin
g Co
ndu
cto
r I
nsu
lat
or Semi- Noneof
ha
sl ea
stener
gyg ap? con
ducto
r th
ese

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ubsta
nceh a
vin
g Co
ndu
cto
r I
nsu
lat
or Semi- Al
loft
hes
e
emp
tyc ondu
cti
onb a
nd con
ducto
r
iscal
led

47 Th emateri
alb el
ow Kelv
in Cr
iti
cal Abso
lut
e Limi
tin
g
whichresis
tiv
ityof temper
atu
re temp
erat
ure temp
eratu
re
somema ter
ial
sb eco
me t
emp
era
tur
e
zeroisc al
led

48 Ho
lesc
anex
isti
n Super Co
ndu
cto
r Semi
con
duc
tor I
nsu
lat
or
co
nducto
r

49 Cri
tic
alt
emp
era
tur
efo
r 7.
2K 4.
2K 1
.
18K 3.
7k
merc
uryi
s

50 Thestr
esst
hat Tens
ile Sh
ears
tres
s Vo
lumes
tres
s Al
loft
hes
e
pr
odu
cesinsha
pei
s st
res
s

51 Ger
man
iumi
sa Co
ndu
cto
r I
nsu
lat
or Semi
con
duc
tor Al
loft
hes
e

52 Accor
dingtob a
nd Con
duc
tio
n Val
enc
e For
bidden Fi
rst
th
eoryo fsol
idsthe ba
nd ba
nd ba
nd
c
ondu
cti
on
ban
di na t
omc o
ntain
ing
con
ducti
veelectro
ns t
hen
f
orb
idden
i
s
b
and

53 At0ks
emi
con
duc
tor Co
ndu
cto
rs I
nsu
lat
ors Perfect Perf
ect
ar
e con
du c
tor in
sul
ato
r
-
54 Th econdu
ctiv
ityo
f 10-6( oh
m m) 1
0-1 0( o
hm m) 1
0-8 ( ohm m) No
ne
-1
semic
onduct
orisofte -1 t
h o1 0-4 t
o1 0-20 1
t
o10 -9
-1
-1 (Ώm) -1
orderof (Ώm) (Ώm)

55 Whichoneofthe Zi
rco
nia Gl
ass
yso
lids Na
tur
alr
ubb
er Po
lys
tren
e
fol
lowi
ngiscr
ystal
lin
e
so
lid

56 Whic
hp ai
rb elon
gst
o Ars
eni
c, Boro
n, Ant
imony, Ars
eni
c,
ac
cepto
ri mp
u r
ity ph
osph
rou
s ga
llium i
ndium an
timo
ny
57 Theyo
ungmo
dul
uso
f 20x
1011Nm2 9x
3. 09Nm2
1 2x
109Nm2 5x
1
. 09Nm2
1
st
eeli
s

58 Whic
ho neis Bo
ron Ga
lli
um An
timo
ny I
ndi
um
pen
tava
lent
?

59 Softma
gnet
icma
ter
ial I
ron So
diu
m St
eel Co
pper
is

60 A so
lidshavi
ngreg
ula
r Br
itl
le Cr
yst
all
ine Amo
rph
ous Po
lymer
ic
ar
rangemen
tsof
mol
ecules

61 Ther
ea re--- di
ffer
ent2 5 7 9
cr
ysta
ls yst
emsbased
ongeometr
ical
ar
rang
emento fato
ms

62 Sq u
idsar
et odetec
t Hea
rt Li
ver To
ngu
e Br
ain
veryweakmagnet
ic
fieldpr
oduc
edb y

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sef
iel
d Ver
ywea
k St
ron
g Wea
k Zer
o

64 MRIusedfo
ri ma
ge Tu
mor I
nflamed Bo
thA&B No
ne
i
dent
ifyi
ngof t
iss
ues

65 A Bu
llett
rai
nsp
eed 300 Km/
h 400 Km/
h 500 Km/h 600 k
m/h
c
anb eenh
anc
edupt
o

66 Curi
et emp
era
tur
efo
r 450ᵒ
C 550ᵒ
C 750ᵒ
C 850ᵒ
C
ir
oni s

22 Whichoneisn
ota Co
bal
t Co
pper Ni
ckel I
ron
fer
roma
gnet
icsub
sta
nce

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sandh
ighcar
bon Duct
ile Bri
ttl
e So
ftma
ter
ial Ha
rd
st
eelar
eexamp
leof su
bstan
ce su
bsta
nce ma
ter
ial

24 Wh a
tt ypeo fimp
u r
ity Mo
nov
alen
t Tr
iva
len
t Tet
rav
alen
t Pen
tav
alen
t
i
st ob ea ddedtot he
semico
nductormater
ial
top ro
videh ol
es

25 Innt yp
ema ter
ial
s Free Ho
les Pr
oto
ns Mes
ons
min
ori
tyc a
rri
era r
e el
ectro
ns
26 Themag
neti
smpro
duc
ed Sp
inmo
tio
n Or
bita
l Spi
nmo ti
on Vi
brat
ory
byel
ectr
onswi
thi
nan mo
tio
n an
do rbi
tal mo
tio
n
at
omisdue moti
on
t
o

27 Reci
pro
calofb
ulk El
ast
ici
ty You
ng Co
mpr
ess
ibi
lit
y Shea
r
modu
lusis mo
dulu
s mo
dulus

28 Curit
emp
era
tur
efo
r 0K 570 K 1
023K 378 K
ir
onis

29 Thes ubs
tan
ceinwh i
ch Fer
ro Par
a Di
ama
gnet
ic Co
ndu
cto
r
th
ea t
omsdon otfor
m mag
net
ic ma
gnet
ic
magneti
cdipol
ea r
e
cal
led

30 Subst
ancewh i
chbrea
k Duct
ile Hard So
fts
ubs
tan
ce Bri
ttl
e
jus
ta ft
ert heel
asti
c su
bstan
ce su
bstan
ce su
bsta
nce
li
mitisr ea
chedare
cal
led

31 Bestmag
net
icma
ter
ial Al
nic
oV I
ron Ni
ckel Co
bal
t
ismadeupof

32 Therat
ioofappl
ied You
ng Sh
ear Tens
ile bu
lkmo
dul
us
st
res
stovol
umetr
ic mo
dulu
s mo
dul
us modu
lus
st
rai
nisca
lled

33 Whenas tr
essc
hanges Vo lu
metr
ic Sh
ears
tres
s Ten
sil
est
res
s Comp
res
sio
nal
th
es hap
eo fab o
dyi t s
tress st
res
s
i
sc a
lled

34 Theabil
ityo fab o
dy Str
ain St
res
s El
ast
ici
ty Pl
ast
ici
ty
toret
urntoi tso
rigi
nal
sh
apeisc a
lled

35 whic
ho fth
efoll
owi
ng St
eel Wr
oug
hti
ron So
fti
ron Co
bal
t
hasthelea
sth
yster
esi
s
lo
opa r
ea

36 Whic
htypeofsoli
ds Cr
yst
all
ine Amo
rph
ous Bo
thA&B Noneof
ha
vedefin
itemelt
ing th
ese
po
intar
ec al
led

s
oli
ds

37 A wel
l-knownexamp
le Ger
man
ium Ph
osp
hor
us Al
umi
niu
m Co
bal
t
o
fa nintr
insi
csemi
c
onduct
oris

38 Whichoneisn
ota Co
bal
t Co
pper Ni
ckel I
ron
fer
roma
gnet
icsub
sta
nce
 ?

39 Glas
sandhig
hc arb
on Duct
ile Bri
ttl
e So
ftma
ter
ial Ha
rd
st
eelisanexamp
leo f su
bstan
ce su
bsta
nce ma
ter
ial

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tan
ceinwh i
ch Fer
roma
gnet
ic Pa
rama
gnet
ic Di
ama
gnet
ic Co
ndu
cto
r
th
ea t
omsdon otfor
m
magneti
cdipol
ea r
e
cal
led

41 Magneti
smlagsbehin
d Sat
ura
tio
n Ren
ten
tiv
ity Hys
ter
esi
s Co
erc
ivi
ty
th
ema gnet
iza
tion
cur
rentthi
sp hen
omenon
i
sc all
ed

42 Major
itycarr
ier
sinp h
oles Neu
tro
ns El
ect
ron
s Po
sit
ron
s
typ
es ubs
tan
ce

43 Major
itycarr
ier
sinn Pr
oto
ns Neu
tro
ns El
ect
ron
s Po
sit
ron
s
typ
es ubs
tan
ce

44 Ift h
ec o
ndu
ctiv
ityofa Ani
nsu
lat
or A Agood Asuper
materi
alishi
ght h
enit s
emi
con
duc
torc
ondu
ctor c
ondu
c t
or
is

45 Whic
ho fth
ef ol
lowin
g Co
ndu
cto
r I
nsu
lat
or Semi- Noneof
ha
sl ea
stener
gyg ap? con
ducto
r th
ese

46 A s
ubsta
nceh a
vin
g Co
ndu
cto
r I
nsu
lat
or Semi- Al
loft
hes
e
emp
tyc ondu
cti
onb a
nd con
ducto
r
iscal
led

47 Th emateri
alb el
ow Kelv
in Cr
iti
cal Abso
lut
e Limi
tin
g
whichresis
tiv
ityof temper
atu
re temp
erat
ure temp
eratu
re
somema ter
ial
sb eco
me t
emp
era
tur
e
zeroisc al
led

48 Ho
lesc
anex
isti
n Super Co
ndu
cto
r Semi
con
duc
tor I
nsu
lat
or
co
nducto
r

49 Cri
tic
alt
emp
era
tur
efo
r 7.
2K 4.
2K 1
.
18K 3.
7k
merc
uryi
s

50 Thestr
esst
hat Tens
ile Sh
ears
tres
s Vo
lumes
tres
s Al
loft
hes
e
pr
odu
cesinsha
pei
s st
res
s

51 Ger
man
iumi
sa Co
ndu
cto
r I
nsu
lat
or Semi
con
duc
tor Al
loft
hes
e

52 Accor
dingtob a
nd Con
duc
tio
n Val
enc
e For
bidden Fi
rst
th
eoryo fsol
idsthe ba
nd ba
nd ba
nd
c
ondu
cti
on
ban
di na t
omc o
ntain
ing
con
ducti
veelectro
ns
 i
s t
hen
f
orb
idden
b
and

53 At0ks
emi
con
duc
tor Co
ndu
cto
rs I
nsu
lat
ors Perfect Perf
ect
ar
e con
du c
tor in
sul
ato
r
-
54 Th econdu
ctiv
ityo
f 10-6( oh
m m) 10-10( o
hm m) 1
0-8 ( oh
m m) No
ne
-1
semic
onduct
orisofth
e
-1
t
o1 0-4 t
o1 0 -20 1
t
o10-9
-1
-1 (Ώm) -1
orderof (Ώm) (Ώm)

55 Whichoneofthe Zi
rco
nia Gl
ass
yso
lids Na
tur
alr
ubb
er Po
lys
tren
e
fol
lowi
ngiscr
ystal
lin
e
so
lid

56 Whic
hp ai
rb elon
gst
o Ars
eni
c, Boro
n, Ant
imony, Ars
eni
c,
ac
cepto
ri mp
u r
ity ph
osph
rou
s ga
llium i
ndium an
timo
ny

57 Theyo
ungmo
dul
uso
f 20x
1011Nm2 9x
3. 09Nm2
1 2x
109Nm2 5x
1
. 09Nm2
1
st
eeli
s

58 Whic
ho neis Bo
ron Ga
lli
um An
timo
ny I
ndi
um
pen
tava
lent
?

59 Softma
gnet
icma
ter
ial I
ron So
diu
m St
eel Co
pper
is

60 A so
lidshavi
ngreg
ula
r Br
itl
le Cr
yst
all
ine Amo
rph
ous Po
lymer
ic
ar
rangemen
tsof
mol
ecules

61 Ther
ea re--- di
ffer
ent2 5 7 9
cr
ysta
ls yst
emsbased
ongeometr
ical
ar
rang
emento fato
ms

62 Sq u
idsar
et odetec
t Hea
rt Li
ver To
ngu
e Br
ain
veryweakmagnet
ic
fieldpr
oduc
edb y

63 MRIu
sef
iel
d Ver
ywea
k St
ron
g Wea
k Zer
o

64 MRIusedfo
ri ma
ge Tu
mor I
nflamed Bo
thA&B No
ne
i
dent
ifyi
ngof t
iss
ues

65 A Bu
llett
rai
nsp
eed 300 Km/
h 400 Km/
h 500 Km/h 600 k
m/h
c
anb eenh
anc
edupt
o

66 Curi
et emp
era
tur
efo
r 450ᵒ
C 550ᵒ
C 750ᵒ
C 850ᵒ
C
ir
oni s
 Ch
apt
er1
8 El
ect
ron
ics

Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 IfIE,I
Ba n
dI Ca r
e I
E=IC+IB I
C=IE+IB I
B=IC+IE No
neo
fth
ese
emit
ter,
bas
ea ndc ol
ler
cur
rentrespec
tiv
elyi na
tr
ansi
storthen

2 Thet
ermin
ver
teri
s NOR g
ate NAND g
ate NOT g
ate AND g
ate
us
edfor

3 Therev
ers
ec ur
rent Ho
les El
ect
ron
s Majo
rit
y Mino
r i
ty
th
rou
ghas emi
condu
cto
r ca
rri
ers ca
rriers
di
odeisdueto

4 Thep o
tenti
alb a
rri
ers 0.
9V 0.
3V 0.
7V 0.
5V
forsi
lico
na troom
temp
eratur
ei s

5 Pr
oces
sofc
onv
ers
iono
f Rec
tif
ica
tio
n Amp
lif
ica
tio
n Os
cil
lat
ion Mo
dul
ati
on
ACint
o

DC

6 pr
oces
sofcon
ver
sio
nof Rec
tif
ica
tio
n Amp
lif
ica
tio
n Os
cil
lat
ion Mo
dul
ati
on
DCintoAC

7 Math
ema
tic
alno
tat
ion X= ̅ X= ̅. X=̅ X=̅
fo
rNOT gatei
s ̅̅.̅ ̅ ̅̅+̅̅̅̅
̅

8 Whic
ho neofthe NOR g
ate NOT g
ate NAND g
ate Ex
-OR g
ate
fo
llowi
ngisca
lled
fu
ndament
algat
e?

9 Thedeviceus
edfor Rec
tif
ier Tr
ans
for
mer Th
ermi
sto
r Whea
ts t
one
rec
tif
ica
tioni
sca
lled br
idge

0 Twoi
1 nputNAND ga
te B=0 A=B=1 A=B=0 No
neo
fth
ese
wi
thi n
putsA an
dinpu
t
Bh a
sa n
ou
tputzeroif

1
1 Thediode Timeand Vol
tagea
nd Forwa
rd No
neo
fth
ese
char
act
eri
stic
sc ur
vei
s cu
r r
ent cu
rren
t vol
tagean
d
th
eg ra
phb etween rev
erse
cur
rent

1
2 Pot
ent
ialb
arri
erf
or 0.
9V 0.
3V 0.
7V 0.
5V
ger
man
iumis
1
3 Themath
emati
cal X= ̅ X= ̅. X=̅ X=̅
no
tat
ionforNAND g
ate ̅̅.̅ ̅ ̅̅+̅̅̅̅
i
s ̅

1
4 Thedi
odec
ann
otb
e Amp
lif
ier Det
ect
or Rec
tif
ier Mo
dul
ato
r
us
edas

1
5 Pho
todiodeisu
sedf
or Li
ght Hea
t Cu
rren
t Ma
gnet
det
ect
ionof

1
6 Pul
sat
ingDCcanb
ema de Fi
lter Ta
nk Ac
cep
tor Al
loft
hes
e
smo
othbyus
ingacir
cui
t

k
nowna
s

1
7 Thenumberofdi
odesi
n 2 3 4 5
br
idg
er ect
ifi
eri
s

1
8 Theno.ofLEDsneeded 4 6 7 8
todi
spla
ya l
lthedigit
s
i
s

1
9 Theel
ect
riccirc
uitwhic
h XNOR g
ate OR g
ate AND g
ate NOT g
ate
gi
vest
heinver
sio
np r
ocess

20 Anylogi
calex
pres
sio
nca
n AND g
ate NAND g
ate AND,
OR,
NOT NOT g
ate
berea
lizedus
ingonl
y
g
ate

21 I
fbo
thinp
utsa
rel
ow OR g
ate AND g
ate XOR g
ate NOR g
ate
t
heo
utp
utishi
ghf
or

22 Baseo
ftran
sist
ori
sver
y
th
inofth
eo rdero
f
0-2 m
1 0-4m
1 0-6 m
1 0-8 m
1

23 Univ
ersalgat
ei st
heg a
te Bu
fferg
ate Anylo
gic An
yba
sic Any
whic
hc anperfo
rmthe ga
te ex
clus
ive
fun
ctio
no f ga
te
swi
tchi
ng

24 Gai
no fop
era
tion
al R1
/R2 R1
xR2 -R2/R1 -R1
/R2
amp
lif
ierasi
nvert
ing
amp
lif
ieri
sgivenasG=?

25 Thema gni
tudeofopen 03
1 05
1 07
1 09
1
loo
pg ainofoper
ati
onal
ampli
fieris

o
fth
eor
der
26 Thepo
tenti
alb a
rri
eri na Ho
leso
nly Electr
ons Both Noneof
di
odesto
pst h
emo vement on
l y el
ectro
nsand th
ese
of ho
lesonly

27 Thedevi
cewhic
hk eep
s Op-a
mp I
nver
ter Di
ode Noneof
toworkonthein
putwith th
ese
amp
lif
ica
tio
n

i
sca
lled

28 SIu
nito
fcu
rren
tga
ini
s Amp
ere Vo
lt Oh
m met
er Nou
nit

29 LDR i
sab
brev
iat
edf
or Li
ght Light Ligh
tdo ped Al
loft
hes
e
depos
iti
ng res
ist
anc
e
dependent res
ist
ance
res
ist
a n
ce

30 I
nnt yp
emi n
ori
ty Free Ho
les Pr
oto
ns Mes
ons
c
arr
ierare el
ectro
ns

31 Fornon-i
nver
tin
g -1 +1 Zer
o I
nfi
nit
e
ampl
ifi
erif

R1=i
nfi
nit
ya n
dR2=0
th
eng ai
no famp
lif
ieri
s

32 Anexp
res
sio
nf orc
urr
en t I
B/I
C I
c/I
B I
B+IC I
C-IE
ga
inoftr
ansi
sto
risgiven
byß=?

33 Gai
no fo p
era
tio
nal I
nterna
l Exter
nal Ba
tter
ies Potent
ial
amp
lifi
eristhe s
truc
ture st
ruct
ure ch
an g
es
i
ndependen
tof

34 Logi
cgatesca
ncontr
ol Temperat
ure, Curr
ent, Resi
sta
nce, Capac
ita
nce,
so
mep h
ysic
alpar
ameter
s pr
ess
u r
e vo
ltage in
ductan
ce imp
edance
li
ke

35 A po
tent
ialb
arr
ierof Si
lic
on Ger
man
ium I
ndi
um Ga
lli
um
0.
7V exi
stac
ros
sp n
ju
ncti
onmadefro
m

36 WhenaPN j u
nct
ioni
s Wi
den
ed Na
rro
wed No
rma
l Noc
han
ge
rev
er s
eb i
asedthe
depleti
onregi
onis

37 Cent
ralreg
ionof Ba
se Emi
tter Co
llec
tor Neu
tra
l
tr
ansi
sto
riscal
led

38 Theo u
tpu
tv o
lta
geo
fa Smo
oth Pu
lsa
tin
g Perfectl
y Al
ter
nat
ing
rec
tif
ieris dir
ec t
39 A LED emi
tsl
igh
ton
ly Rever
se For
ward Un
bia
sed No
ne
wh
eniti s bi
ased bi
ased

40 Whic
hfact
ordo esnot Do
pin
g Temp
era
tur
e Vo
lta
ge Pr
ess
ure
af
fectt
hec on
du c
tiv
ity
ofPN j
unct
ion

di
ode

41 Thesiz
eofdepl
etion 0-6m
1 0-4 m
1 0-3m
1 0-2 m
1
reg
ioniso
ftheorderof

42 Theb a
siclog
icgat
e AND OR NOT NAND
whos
eo ut
putis1when
in
putare

di
ffer
ent

43 Minor
itycar
rier
sinp Pr
oto
ns Ho
les El
ect
ron
s Neu
tro
ns
typ
es ubs
tan
ce

44 I
nteg
rat
eda
mpl
ifi
eri
s Po
wer Pus
hp ul
l Operat
ion
al Cur
rent
k
nownas amp
lif
ier ampl
ifi
er ampl
ifi
er
a
mpl
ifi
er

45 Automat
icfun
ctio
nof I
ndu
cto
r Ca
pac
ito
r Emf Co
mpa
rat
or
st
reetligh
tc anbeo
ne
byu seof

46 I
nn -p
-nt r
ans
ist
or Emitt
ert o Emit
tert
o Bas
et o Col
lect
ort
o
c
urr
entdoesnotflo
win co
llecto
r bas
e co
llec
tor emi
tter
t
hedirec
tio
nf r
om

47 A c
irc
uitwhichcon
ver
ts Amp
lif
ier Rec
tif
ier Tr
ans
ist
or I
ndu
cto
r
l
owv o
ltag
et ohigh
v
olt
ageisc a
lled

48 Anop
-ampc
anb
eus
ed Co
mpa
rat
or I
nverti
ng Noninv
ert
ing Allof
as a
mp l
ifi
er ampl
ifi
er th
ese

49 Photodi
odecantur
nit
s Mi
cros
eco
nd Mi
llis
eco
nd Na
nos
eco
nd Pi
cos
eco
nd
cu
rrento
na n
do f
fin

50 Whenemi
tterb a
se Rev
eres I
ncr
eas
e Dec
rea
se St
ops
jun
cti
onoft r
ansi
storis
rev
ers
ebiasedc o
llect
or
cur
ren
t

51 Rev
ersecur
ren
tth
rou
gh I
nfi
nit
e Zer
o Lesstha
n Greaterth
an
PN ju
nct
ionis for
ward fo
rwa rd
cur
ren
t cu
r r
ent
52 Ho
lesc
anex
isti
n Super Co
ndu
cto
r Semi
con
duc
torI
nsu
lat
or
co
nducto
r

53 Automa
ticwor
kin
gof I
ndu
cto
r Ca
pac
ito
r Co
mpa
rat
or Rec
tif
ier
st
reetligh
tisduet
o

54 Gaino
fo pa mp
lif
ieri
n In
fin
ity On
e Zer
o -1
th
eR=i n
fin
ityandR2=0

55 A NAND g
atewi
thtwo Ai
szer
o Bi
szer
o BothA&B BothA&B
i
nputA&B ha
sanou
tput zer
o ar
e1
z
eroif

56 I
nnp
ntr
ans
ist
orpwo
rks Co
llec
tor emi
tter Ba
se Anyof
a
s th
ese

57 Theo
utp
utofAND g
ate Bot
hin
put Eit
herin
put Bothi
npu
t Noneof
wi
llbeonei
f ar
e1 isone ar
eo n
e th
ese

58 A c
ompl
eteamp l
ifi
er Di
ode I
ndu
cto
r Res
ist
or Operat
ion
al
c
irc
uitmadeonas i
lic
on ampl
ifi
er
c
hipandenclo
sedi na
s
mallcap
sul
ei s

u
seda
s

59 Wh i
cho n
ec a
nb eus
eda
s Th
ermi
sto
r
temperat
uresen
sori
n
electr
ic Ca
pac
ito
r Di
ode LDR

c
irc
uit

60 I
nf or
war
db i
asin
g,t
he La
rge Ver
yla
rge Sma
ll Ver
ysma
ll
v
alu
eo fres
ist
ancei
s

61 Ligh
temi t
tin
gdi o
des Si
lic
on Ger
man
ium Ca
rbo
n Gall
ium
(LEDs)arema defro
m ar
seni
de
semi
condu
ctor

62 Potenti
aldi
ff er
ence 0.
3V 0.
7V 0.
9V 1
.
2V
acr
o s
st het
wot ermin
al
ofs i
lic
ondiodei s

CHAPTER 1
9DAWN OF MODERN PHYSI
CS
Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 Moment
umofp
hot
on h
f/ h
f/c f H
i
sg i
venby
2 Comp
tonef
fecti
s X-r
ays Vi
sib
lel
igh
t Ra
diowa
ves Al
loft
hes
e
ob
serv
edwith

3 Phot
onwit
hener
gy Phot
oelec
tri
c Compton Pai
r Al
loft
hes
e
gr
eatert
hen1
.
02 ef
fect ef
f ec
t pr
oduc
tio
n
MeV

ca
ni nt
era
ctwi
th
matt
er

a
s

4 Ma
ximu
m Co
mpt
on 1
80˚ 90˚ 45˚ 60˚

sh
iftinthe
wavel
eng
th

ofsc
att
eredp
hot
on
wi
ll

a
t

5 Ther
estma
sso
fX- I
nfi
nit
e Zer
o 9.
1
x10-31k
g No
ne
ra
yphot
oni
s

6 Photoel
ectr
ic Fr
equ
enc
yof I
ntens
ityo
f Speedo
f Pola
riz
ati
ono
f
cu
rrentdep
endso
n l
ight li
ght li
ght
l
igh
t

7 Electr
onisa
nan
ti Pr
oto
n Ph
oto
n Po
sit
ron Deu
ter
on
pa
r t
icleo
f

8 Themi n
imumenergy 2MeV 1
.
02MeV 0.
51MeV Zer
o
req
uir
edb yap h
oton
toproduceelec
tron
pos
itr
onp ai
ris

9 Duetoa nn
ihi
lat
ion 1 2 3 4
ofelect
ronand
pos
itr
on

t
henumb
ero f
p
hot
onspro
ducedi
s

1
0 Plat
inumwir
e 500˚
C 900˚
C 1
100˚
C 1
300˚
C
beco
mesyellowa
t
temper
atu
re

1
1 Inbl a
ckb ody Lo
ng Smallwa
ve Mediu
m Highwav
e
radi
ation
sa tlow wa
vel
eng
th len
gth wav
eleng
th len
gth
temperat
ureab ody
emit
sr adia
tio
no f

1
2 Comp
tonef
fectpr
ove Wav
en a
tur
e Part
icl
e Dualna
tur
eof Al
loft
hes
e
na
tur
eo fli
ght ofli
ght na
tureof li
ght
 l
igh
t

1
3 Phot
odiodec
anb
e Li
ght Hea
t Cu
rren
t Ma
gnet
us
eda s

1
4 Theres
tma
sso
f m I
nfi
nit
y Zer
o C
ph
oto
nis

1
5 Themi n
imu
men ergy 3MeV 4MeV 0.
51MeV 1
.
02MeV
requ
iredbyap h
oton
tocreatean
elect
ronpos
itr
onp a
ir
is

6 Un
1 cert
ain
typrin
cip
le Vel
oci
ty Mo
men
tum Ti
me Massof
rel
atedu n
cer
tai
nti
es pa
rtic
le
i
n

t
hemeas
uremento
f
en
ergy a n
d

1
7 Momen
tumofmo
vin
g Zer
o H h
/ /
h
ph
otonis

1
8 Dav
iss
onandGermer I
nter
fer
enc
e Po
lar
iza
tio
n El
ectro
n Ref
rac
tio
n
ex
peri
men
ti n
dic
ates di
ffr
actio
n

t
he

9 Co
1 mptonshi
ftis 0˚ 90˚ 45˚ 60˚
equaltoCompto
n
waveleng
thwhen
sc
atteredX-ray

p
hot
ona
reo
bser
ved
a
t

a
ngl
eof

20 Thec o
ordi
nat
e Speci
alfra
me I
ner
tialframe Noniner
tia
l Standard
sys
tem i
nwh i
chlaw o frefer
enc
e ofreferen
ce f ra
meo f fra
meo f
ofiner
tiaisval
idis refer
enc
e referen
ce
cal
led

21 Maxi
mumki
neti
c Fr
equ
enc
y I
nten
sit
y Br
igh
tnes
s Po
wer
en
ergyofpho
to

el
ect
ron
sdep
ends
up
on

--- ofi
nci
den
t
li
ght
22 Radiati
onemittedby X-r
ayr
egi
on Vi
sib
ler
egi
on I
nfr
ared UV r
egi
on
ah umanbodya t r
egi
on
nor
ma ltemper
atur
e
37˚l i
esin

23 Inp h
otoel ect
ric Ki
net
icener
gy Sto
ppi
ng Wo
rkf
unc
tio
n No.of
effect
,wh i
c hfact
or ofel
ect
rons p o
tent
ial emit
ted
in
creasesby elec
tro
ns
in
creasin
gt he

i
ntensi
tyo
fin
ciden
t
p
ho t
on

24 Therever
sep ro
cess Compton X-ra
y Pai
r An
nih
ila
tio
n
ofphot
oel ec
tric ef
f ec
t pr
oduct
ion pr
oduc
tio
n
eff
ectis

25 Byu singNAVSTAR 20 c
m/s
ec 760c
m/s
ec 50 c
m/s
ec 2c
m/s
ec
speedo fa no
bjec
t
canno wb e
determinedtoan
accur
a c
y

26 I
fp la
tin
umwireis Wh
ite Yel
low Ch
err
yred Du
llr
ed
h
eatedto500˚C
t
henita pp
ear
sas

27 Fr
eeel
ect
ron
sar
e Ti
ght
lyb
oun
d Fi
xed Lo
osel
ybo
und Ti
ght
lyf
ixed

28 Eins
teinpresen
ted 1
850 1
920 1
905 1
932
speci
alt h
eoryo f
rela
tivi
tyi n

29 Whogavet
hei dea DeBr
ogl
ie Pl
ank Ei
nst
ein Hu
ygen
ofma
tterwav
e?

30 Forpai
rproduc
tio
n 0.
51MeV 1
.
02MeV 931
MeV 2.
1
0MeV
mi
nimu
m ener
gyo f
ph
otonmus
tb e

31 A p
osit
roni
sa Massequ
alt
o Cha
rgeequal Equa
lma ssbu
t Massequ
alt
o
p
arti
clehav
ing el
ectr
on toelec
tro
n op
posit
et o pr
oton
el
ectron

32 Whenplat
inu
mwire Wh
ite Yel
low Gr
een Du
llr
ed
i
sh ea
ted,theni
t
bec
omes

--- a
tt emper
atu
re
abo
ut1600˚C

33 Thenumbero
f Colo
rof Shap
eo f Frequen
cyof Intens
ityo
f
el
ect
ronsemi
tted ta
rgets
urf
ace su
rface in
cidentli
ght i
nci
dentli
ght
 dep
endsu
pon

34 Agingpr
o c
essof Newt
on Ei
nst
ein Fa
rada
y Co
ulo
mb
humanbodyis
slo
wedb ymoti
onat
veryhi
gh

s
peeda
cco
rdi
ngt
o

35 In1905speci
al Ma
xwel
l De-Br
ogl
ie Bo
hr Ei
nst
ein
th
eoryofr el
ati
vit
y
waspro
pos
ed

b
y

36 A p
osi
tronisan Pr
oto
n El
ect
ron Neu
tro
n Ph
oto
n
a
nti
part
icleof

37 Jou
lesec
ondi
sth
e En
erg
y Wei
nco
nst
ant Plan
ks Bo
ylel
aw
un
itof co
nstan
t

38 Whichlig
htpho
ton Red Bl
ue Yel
low Gr
een
ha
st heleas
t
moment
um

39 X-raysdif
fra
cti
on Part
icl
e Wa
ven
atu
re Wavepar
tic
le No
neo
fth
ese
impl
iesth
at na
ture na
ture
radi
ati
on

h
asa
2 2 2
40 Ifrestma s
so f mc ½ mv (
m-mo)
c moc
2
par
ticl
ei smoa nd
r
elati
vist
icma s
s
ismt henk i
neti
c
energ
y

o
fpa
rti
clei
s

41 Thepai
rp r
oduc
tio
n Pai
r Mat
eria
liz
ati
on Fusi
on Fi
ssi
on
i
sa l
socal
led pr
oduc
tio
n ofener
gy rea
ctio
n

42 I
nSt ep
henbol
tzman Pl
ankc
ons
tan
t Stephen Stephen Bol
tzman
4
l
awE=ơT “ ơ”is co
n s
tant co
nsta
nt
c
all
ed Boltz
mann
co
n s
tant

43 Th
efa
cto
rh/
moCi
n Pr
ess
ure Len
gth Ma
ss Mo
men
tum

Comp
tonequati
onha
s
th
edi men
sio
no f
44 Wavelengt
h mv
/h h
v/m h
/mv m/
hv
ass
ociat
edwi th
part
icleofma ssm
andmo vi
ngwith
vel
ocityvi s

45 Theval
ueo fp
lan
ks Zer
o 6.
63x
10-34Js 6.
63x
1034Js 9x
109Js
co
nst
antis

46 Atlowt emper
atu
re Long Sho
rt I
nfi
nit
e No
neo
fth
ese
ab o
dyu sua
llyemit
s wa
vel
eng
th wa
velen
gth
ra
diati
ono f wa
vel
eng
th

47 Thep la
tin
um wir
e 1
600˚
C 900˚
C 1
100˚
C 1
300˚
C
beco
meswh it
ea ta
temper
atur
eo f

48 0.
1kgmas
swillb
e 9x
1015J 9x
1010J 9x
1012 J 9x
1016J
eq
ualt
oener
gy

49 Phot
odi o
deca
nt ur
n Mi
llis
eco
nd Mi
cros
eco
nd Na
nos
eco
nd Pi
cos
eco
nd
it
scurren
tonand
offin

50 Vi
rtu
almas
sof z
ero h
f/c h
f/c
2 c
2/h
f
ph
otoni
s

51 Phot
oelect
ric Her
tz Ei
nst
ein Ru
therf
ord Bo
hr
ef
fectwasexpla
ined
by

52 Plan
ksc o
nstan
th as Li
nea
r An
gul
ar To
rqu
e Po
wer
th
es ameu n
ita s
th
ato f mo
men
tum mo
men
tum

53 Al
lmo
tio
nsa
re Ab
sol
ute Un
ifo
rm Rel
ati
ve Va
ria
ble

54 Restmassen
erg
yo f 0.
51 0.
61 0.
902 1
.
02
anelectr
oninMeV
isequa
l
to

55 Whic
ho n
ei sthe Ga
mmar
ays Xr
ays Uvr
ays Vi
sib
lel
igh
t
mos
tenerget
ic
ph
oton

56 Totalamoun
to f T T2 T3 T4
ener
gyr a
diatedper
un
ita r
eao f

c
avityradi
ato
rp er
uni
tt i
meisdirect
ly
pro
porti
ona
lto
 2 3
E=m2c
2
57 Ei
nst
einmassen
erg
y E=mc E=mc E=mc
eq
uati
onis

58 Whenanelec
tro
n On
eph
oto
n Twop
hot
on Th
reep
hot
on Fo
urp
hot
on
co
mbinewi
tha
po
sit
ron
weget

59 Then ameo fphoto

n Maxp
lan
k Wei
n Bo
hr Ei
nst
ein
foraq uant
ao flight
ener
g ywasf i
rst
in
troducedby

60 Thel i
ghtof X-ra
ys Compton Phot
oelec
tri
c Nucl
ear
su
itabl
ef r
equ
enc
y emi
ssi
on ef
f ec
t ef
fect fi
ssi
on
fal
lin
go na

metalsur
faceej
ect
elec
tro
nst h
is

p
hen
omen
oni
sca
lled

61 Compto
nshif
twill 0˚ 90˚ 45˚ 60˚
beeq u
altoCompto
n
wavel
engt
ha tan
gle
of

62 Pla
tin
umwi
reat Wh
ite Ch
err
yred Yel
low Or
ang
ered
1
300ᵒCbec
omes

63 Theval
ueo f Zer
o 1
.
05x
10-34Js 1
.05x
1034Js 9x
109Js
i
nu n
cert
aint
y
p
rinc
ipl
e

64 Theval
ueo
fWei
n 2.
9x0-3mK
1 2.
9x03mK
1 5.
67x
10-8mK 0
co
nst
ant

65 Ei
nstei
nwa sa
war
ded 1
905 1
911 1
918 1
921
No
b elpri
zein
Physi
cs

66 Therestmass 0.
51MeV 1
.
02MeV 1
.
2 MeV 1
.
00 MeV
en
ergyofelectr
on
po
sit
ronpai
r

67 Pota
ssiu
mc at
hodei
n Vi
sibl
e I
nfr
ared Ul
trav
iol
et X-r
ays
ph
otocellemi
t
el
ectrons

f
oral
igh
t

68 Theener
gyofeach 2MeV 1
.
02MeV 0.
51MeV 5MeV
po
sit
ronisg
ivenb
69 Themassofan 2.
6*08 m/s
1 1
.
6*08 m/
1 s 3.
6*08 m/
1 s 0.
6*08 m/
1 s
ob
jectwil
lbe
doub
ledatsp
eed

70 Agin
gproc
essof Fa
st s
lowed Rema
inss
ame No
ne
humanb
odyis– by
moti
onatver
yh i
gh
sp
eed

71 Rati
oofen er
gieso f Mo
men
tums Wa
vel
eng
ths Ra
nge No
ne
twopho
tonsiss a
me
astherat
ioo ft h
eir

CHAPTER 20 ATOMI
CSPECTRA
Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 I
fa nel
ect
ron f=En
-Ep h
c/=En
-Ep h
f=Ep
-En h=Ep
-En
j
umpfro
mn th
o
rbi
tof

en
ergyEnto
pt
h(l
ower
)

o
rbi
tofEn
erg
yEp
a
nda

p
hot
onof
f
req
uen
cyf

a
ndwa v
elen
gth
i
sthusemit
ted
t
han

2 SIunito
fRydb
erg m-2 ms m-1 ms
-1
co
nst
antis

3 Ifoneo rmore Ex
cit
ed I
oni
zed Po
lar
ized St
abi
liz
ed
elec
tron
sa re
compl
etely
remov
edf roman
atomthena t
omis
tobe

4 Then umer
ical -1
0 1
3.6 1
0 -1
3.6
val
ueo fground
sta
teen er
gyf or
hydro
gena to
mi n
eV is
5 Theresi
din
gtime 0-6Sec
1 0-5 s
1 ec 0-4s
1 ec 0-3 s
1 ec
ofato
mi nmet
a
st
abl
e

s
tat
eis

6 Thev al
ueof 1
.09x
107 1
.
07x
108 1
.
07x
109 6.
63x
10-34
Rydbergco
nst
anti
s
– m-1

7 X-r
aysa
re Hi
ghenerg
y Hi
ghener
gy Hi
ghener
gy Hig
hen er
gy
el
ect
ron
s ph
oto
ns pr
oto
ns neu
tro
ns

8 Whichoneofthe Hi
ghi
nten
sit
y Hi
gh I
nco
her
enc
e Mo
noc
hro
mat
ic
fol
lowi
ngisnot di
rec
tiv
ity
char
act
eri
sti
cof
la
ser

9 Las
ercano
nlybe No
rma
lst
ate Ex
cit
eds
tat
e I
oni
zeds
tat
e De-exc
ited
pr
oduc
edifan st
ate
at
omis

i
nit
s

1
0 X-ra
ypho
tonmo
ves Lessth
an Li
ght Grea
tert
han So
und
wi
thavel
oci
tyof l i
ght li
ght

1
1 I
nel ec
tro
nic Ga
mmar
ays I
nfr
aredr
ays Vi
sib
lel
igh
t UV r
ays
t
ran
siti
onatom
c
anno
temi t

1
2 Theen erg
yi nt
he -2.
51eV -3.
50eV -3.
4eV -0.
85eV
th
4 o rbitof
hydro
gena to
m

i
s

3 Hel
1 i
um Neo
nlaser 82% 1
5% 25% 85%
dis
charget
ube
con
tain

n
eon

1
4 Therel
ati
on RH=Eo
/hc RH=h
c/Eo Eo
=RH/
hc RH=Eoh
C
bet
ween

Rydber
gcons
tan
t
RH andgr
oun
d
st
ateener
gyEoi s

1
5 Bal
merser
iesl
ies UV r
egi
on Fa
rUV r
egi
on I
nfr
ared Vi
sibl
ereg
ion
inthe r
egi
on

1
6 Thera
diu
sof2nd 2 4 3 9
or
bitbyafa
cto
r
 o
f

1
7 Theradiusof10th 0.
053n
m 0.
053n
m 5.
3nm 53n
m
Bohrorb
iti n
hydr
ogena t
om

i
s

1
8 X-ra
ysa r
eEM 1
0-12 m 1
0-10 m 0-8 m
1 0-6 m
1
ra
diat
ion
sh a
vin
g

wavelen
gthi
nth
e
ra
ng e

o
f

1
9 X-raysprodu
cti
on Compton Phot
oelec
tri
c Pai
r An
nihi
lat
iono
f
isrever
se ef
f ec
t ef
fect pr
oduc
tio
n ma
tter
pheno
menonof

20 X-r
aysc
anb
e Ref
lec
ted Di
ffr
act
ed Po
lar
ized Al
loft
hes
e

21 Aft
ert h
eemis
sio
n Do
ubl
yio
niz
ed Si
ngl
eio
niz
ed I
nt heex
cit
ed I
nt heg
rou
nd
ofXraysth
eatom s
tat
e s
tat
e
ofthe

t
arg
eti
s

22 Whichisan Blac
kb ody Molecul
ar At
omi
csp
ect
ra No
neo
fth
ese
exa
mp l
eo f ra
diati
on sp
ec t
ra
co
ntinu
ousspec
tra sp
ectru
m

23 Atomicspec
traar
e Cont
inu
ous Li
ne Ba
nd Mi
x
theex a
mpleof sp
ectra
sp
ec t
ra

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rof Bl
ue Gr
een Red Yel
low
li
ghtemi
ttedfr
om
He-Ne

l
aser

25 Elec
tronca
nr es
i 0-3 s
de 1 ec 0-5 s
1 ec 0-8 s
1 ec 0-11 s
1 ec
inexci
tedsta
te
forabou
t

26 Th er a
diu
so f 2 3 4 9
3rdbo
h ror
b i
tin
hydrogena t
omis
greaterthenthe
s
t
r
adi
uso
f1 o
rbi
t
b
ya
 f
act
or

27 Forh
olog
rap
hywe Ga
mmar
ays X-r
ays Bet
ara
ys La
ser
us
eab eamof

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nser
ies Ba
lmers
eri
es Pa
chens
eri
es Br
ack
ets
eri
es
fo
llowingseri
esH
-spect
ruml i
esin
UV regio
n

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ho ft he Hea
twa
ves X-r
ays So
undwa
ves UV r
ays
fo
llowin
gr equ
ires
ama ter
ial

mediu
mf orth
eir
pro
pagat
ion

30 Jou
lesec
ondi
sth
e En
erg
y Hea
t Pl
ankc
ons
tan
t Wo
rk
un
itof

31 Whic
hisnott
rue Notdef
lec
ted Ar
epo
lar
ized Co
nsi
sto
fEM Canbe
fo
rXr a
ys byE wa
ves di
ffr
actedb
y
gr
ati
ng

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adia
tio
n Molecul
ar At
omi
csp
ect
ra No
ne
fo
llowingi
sa n sp
ectr
um sp
ec t
rum
exampleof
co
nt i
nuo
usspec
tra

33 Inthespec
tru
mof Ox
ygen Ni
tro
gen Hydr
ogen Al
loft
hes
e
whi
cho fth
e
fo
llowi
ng

wi
llyouf
ind
Bal
mer

s
eri
es

34 Th eradi
usof 0.
1
59n
m 0.
477n
m 0.
53n
m 1
.
59n
m
3rdbo
hrorbi
tis

35 Thet o
talen
erg
y Zer
o 3.
2 eV 1
0.2eV 1
3.6eV
ofelectr
oni
nthe
st
ate

n
=in
fini
tyo
f
h
ydrog
en

a
tomi
s

36 Bohrsec
ond Bo
hrh
ims
elf De-Br
ogl
ie Pl
ank Dav
isso
nan
d
po
stul
atewas Germer
 j
ust
ifi
edb
y

37 Thetot
aln u
mber 1 5 7 1
0
ofsp
ectra
ll i
nes
fo
ran

el
ect
ront
ran
siti
on
fr
omn=5ton =1is

38 Thedia
metero
f 1
0-12 m 1
0-10m 0-4 m
1 0-5 m
1
anat
omi soft
he
or
der

39 Or
bit
ala n
gul
ar 2/
nh n
h/2 2h
/n No
ne
mo
mentu
mi nthe

a
llowedst
ati
ona
ry
o
rbitofH at
omi s
g
ivenby

40 Heli
umneonla
ser 25% 85% 1
5% 80%
con
tainh
eli
um

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erlig
hth a
sth
e Co
her
ent Nonco
her
ent So
undwa
ves Wa
terwa
ves
pr
oper
tyo f wa
ves wa
ves

42 Whena nel
ect
ron Loweren
erg
y High
eren
erg
y Gr
oun
dst
ate Rema
insin
abs
orbener
gyit st
ate st
ate sa
mes t
ate
ju
mp s

t
o

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henser
i s 2nd o
esi rbi
t
r
d
3 o
rbi
t
t
h
4 o
rbi
t
t
h
5 o
rbi
t
obt
ainedwh
enall
th
e

tr
ans
iti
ono
f
el
ectr
on

s
tar
tso
n

44 Quan
tiz
edr
adi
uso
f 0.
053n
m 0.
0053n
m 0.
0053n
m 0.
53n
m
fi
rst

Bohrorb
itin
hydr
ogenat
omis

45 Inon
eo rmo
re Ex
cit
ed Po
lar
ized St
abi
liz
ed I
oni
zed
el
ect
ron
sare

c
ompl
etel
yr emov
ed
f
romanatomt h
en
a
tomissai
dt ob e
46 InBa lmerseri
est he RH m 4 RH m 9RH)
( m
sh
ortestwa v
elengt
h
ra
di a
t i
onshave
wavelengt
heq ua
lt o m
4 9
RH

47 Th elong
estwa
v elen
gth 25 1
6 1
35 No
neo
fth
ese
radia
tio
nsinBra k
et
seri
esh a
vewavelengt
h
equalto
RH RH

1
6 25
27RH

48 Produ
cti
ono fXr
aysi
s Pa
irp
rodu
cti
on Co
mpt
onef
fec
t Phot
oel
ect
ric An
nihi
lat
iono
f
rev
ersepro
cessof ef
fect ma
tter

49 Xraysdi
ffr
actio
n Pa
rti
clet
ype Wa
vet
ype Du
alt
ype No
ne
r
eveal
sth
att h
esear
e

50 Whic
hwasident
ifi
edin Hydr
ogen Hel
ium Ox
ygen Ur
ani
um
su
nb yu
sin
gs p
ectro
sco
py

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esli
esin Ba
lmer Pa
sch
en Pf
und Br
ack
et
vi
sib
ler eg
ionof
sp
ectru
m

52 InCAT s
can
ninga
---- Ski
nou
t Fa
nnedo
ut No
rma
lou
t Fi
tted
ar
rayofX-raysb
eami s
di
rect
edthr
oughpat
ien
t

53 He-Nelas
erisbei
ng Eye Br
ain Sk
ull Sk
in
us
edt odi
agn
ose
dis
eas
esof

54 Laseru
sedi
nmedi
cal Medi
cien
ce o
pht
hal
mol
ogy Nu
tri
tio
nal No
ne
fi
eldof

55 Suchastateinhigher No
rma
lpo
pul
ati
on Popu
lati
on Bo
thA&B No
ne
en
ergystat
eh asgreat
er in
vers
ion
po
pula
tio
nt henlo
wer
en
ergystat
ei scall
ed

CHAPTER 21NUCLEAR PHYSI

CS
Q# Qu
est
ion
s Op
tio
nA Op
tio
nB Op
tio
nC Op
tio
nD

1 Col
orTV (
whi
leo
per
ati
ng) Al
phar
ays Bet
ara
ys Ga
mmar
ays X-r
ays
emi
ts

2 Inaf a
stn u
clearreacto
rU- U-238 Pu
-239 Pb
-208 Th
-232
238 a
bsorbaf astneutr
onand
isu
lti
ma t
elyt r
ansfo
rmedin
to
--- byemitti
ngb eta

p
art
icl
es
3 Aftert wohal
vel i
vesthe N N/
2 N/
4 3N/
4
nu
mb ero fdecayednuc
leiof
anel ementar
e

4 Bi
ndin
gen erg
yca
nbef
oun
d C2
E= m/ E= mC2 E=1
/2 E=mg
h
2
byrelat
ion mc

5 Whic
hofth
ef ol
lowin
gis Alph
a Beta Neu
tri
no Ph
oto
n
si
mil
art
oelec
trons pa
rticl
es par
ticl
es

6 Therat
eo fdec
ayo f Remai
ns In
crea
se Decrea
s e May
ra
dio
acti
vesu
bst
anc
e con
sta
nt wi
thtime wit
ht ime in
creaseor
wit
ht i
me decrea
se
wit
ht ime

7 Wh i
cho ft
hef ol
lowi
ng U-234 U-235 U-238 Noneof
is
otopesofnatu
raluran
ium th
ese
undergo
esaf i
ssi
onreacti
on
withslowneu
trons

8 Theamoun
to fen
erg
y 9.
315MeV 93.
45MeV 931
.5MeV 1
.
025MeV
eq
uai
len
tt o

1
amui
s

9 Th
yro
idc
anc
eri
sca
usedb
y C-1
4 Na
-24 I
-131 Co
-60

1
0 Radi
ati
onsemi
ttedbya Vi
sib
le Vis
ibl
eb y In
vis
ibl
e Noneof
ra
dioac
tiv
eelementa
re pyr
exg l
ass th
ese

1
1 Theelemen
tfor
meddu
et o Par
ent Daug
hter Moth
er Son
ra
dio
acti
vedec
ayisca
lled el
ement el
ement el
ement el
emen
t

1
2 Then
ameel
ect
rons
ugg
est
ed Th
oms
on Ru
ther
for
d Mi
lll
ika
n St
oney
by

1
3 ThePU-239b
reederr
eac
tor ACR PWR LMFBR HWR
i
sc a
lled

1
4 Theener
gyrequ
iredt
obr
eak Ato
mic Nucl
ear Bi
ndi
ng Brea
kin
g
anucl
eusofanatomi
s en
ergy en
ergy en
erg
y en
ergy
ca
lled

1
5 Whic
ho neth
ef oll
owi
ngi
sno
t Alph
a Beta Ga
mmar
ays X – r
ays
th
en uc
learradi
ati
ons pa
rticl
e par
tic
le

1
6 Ga
mmar
aysc
ons
ist
sof Heli
um Hydro
gen Neu
tro
ns Radia
tio
ns
nu
clei nu
clei si
milarto
Xrays

1
7 A det
ectorc
ancou
ntfast GM c
oun
ter Sol
idsta
te WC Bubb
le
a
ndo per
ateatl
owv o
lta
geis det
ect
or ch
amb
er ch
amber
1
8 Themostusef
ult
rac
er C-1
4 CO-60 I
-131 St
-90
i
sot
opesis

1
9 Thenumb
ero
fneu
tro
nsi
n N=A-Z N=A+Z N=A+Z/
2 No
ne
nu
cleu
sis

20 Mat
eri
alscanb
ei den
tif
ied Ha
rdn
ess Den
sit
y Ma
ss Ha
lfl
ife
bymeas
uri
ngthei
r

21 Hydr
ogenb
ombi
sanex
amp
le Nucl
ear Nucl
ear Ch
emi
cal Fis
sio
n
of fi
ssi
on fu
sio
n Chai
n
r
eac
tio
n rea
ction

22 GM tu
bec
anb
eus
edt
o Ch
arg
e Ma
ss Charg
e/ma
ss Nucl
ear
det
ect ra
diati
ons
r
ati
o

23 Thenumb
ero fpr
oton
sinan
y El
ect
ron
s Neu
tro
ns Po
sit
ron Mes
ons
at
omarea l
waysequ
alto
nu
mberof

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nbet
adec
ay Ma s
sn o Char
ge Bo
thA&B Mas
sno
remain
s nu
mber i
ncr
eas
eby
same 1
i
ncr
eas
eby
1

25 Threeupqu
arkscomb
ineto 1 2 3 4
fo
rm anewpart
icl
et he
cha
r g
eonthi
s

p
art
icl
e

26 SIu
nito
fab
sor
beddo
sei
s Gr
ay Ro
ent
gen Cu
rie Rem

27 Anelect
riceyeo
per
ates Compton Photo Phot
o Gammar a
y
bec
auseof ef
f ec
t ref
racti
on el
ectri
c co
unter
ef
fect

28 A samp
lec ont
ainN N/
16 1
5N/1
6 N/
8 7N/
8
r
adioact
ivenuclei.Af
ter4
hal
f-li
vesn u
mb erof
n
ucleidecayedi s

29 Whena lp
hap ar
tic
lei s In
creaseby Dec
reaseby Dec
reaseby Decr
eas
e
emit
tedf ro
ma nyn u
cleus
,it
s 2,inc
reas
e 4,i n
creas
e 4,i n
creas
e b y4,
massnumber---- a n
d by2 by2 by2 dec
reas
eby
2
it
sc ha
rgen umb
er----

30 Theamou
nto fenerg
y 2MeV 24MeV 1
00MeV 200MeV
rel
eas
edint hefusi
onof
fou
rhydrog
enn u
cleitofor
m
analp
hap a
rti
cleisequa
lt o
31 Innucl
earfi
ssi
onreac
tio
n 4 3 2 1
whenthepro
ductareXe-140
andSr-94 t
hen u
mberof
neut
ron
semit
tedis

32 Ener
gygi
venoutpern
ucl
eon 5.
2MeV 6MeV 6.
4MeV 7.
7MeV
inp-pr
eact
ionis

33 Ext
remelypen
etr
ati
ng Neu
tro
ns Alph
a Beta Gamma
pa
rti
clesar
e pa
rticl
e par
tic
le pa
rti
cle

34 St
ron
gnu
clea
rfo
rcea
ctso
n Mes
ono
nly Pi
onso
nly Ph
oto
non
ly Hadr
ons
on
ly

35 Whic
ho neisus
edtost
udy I
-131 Na
-24 Co
-60 St
-90
th
ec ir
cul
ati
onofb
loo
d?

36 Thechemi
calpro
perti
esofan Pr
oto
ns Neu
tro
ns El
ect
ron
s Mes
ons
el
emen
tdep en
do nl
yu po
nth
e

n
umb
ero
f

37 Alph
ara
yso
fen
erg
ymo
re Pai
r Compton Phot
o Fi
ssi
on
th
an pr
oduc
tio
n ef
f ec
t el
ectri
c pr
oces
s
ef
fect
0.
5MeV c
anp
rodu
ce

38 Byemitti
ngbetapar
tic
leand Lo
ssesb
y1 I
ncr
eas
eby I
ncr
eas
eby Nochar
ge
gammapart
icl
esimu
ltan
eou
sly 1 2 wi
llbe
th
en uc
leus ob
ser
ved
c
han
gei
tsc
har
geb
y

39 Whic
hoft h
ef o
llowi
nga
re Pr
oto
ns Neu
tro
ns Ph
oto
ns Mes
ons
el
ement
arypar
ticl
es

40 Typ
eso
fqu
ark
sar
e 4 6 8 1
0

41 Neu
tro
nwasdi
sco
ver
edi
n Bo
hr Ch
adwi
ck di
rac Fer
mi
1
932 by

42 Inmasssp
ect
rogr
aphma s
sof √ B2 V2 √
eac
hi onr
eac
hin
gt he
detec
tori
sprop
orti
onalto

43 A p
arti
clei
sma
deupoftwo Pr
oto
n Neu
tro
n Bo
son Lep
ton
u
pq ua
rksan
donedo
wnqu
ark
i
s

44 Thera
diuso
fat
omi
soft
h 010m
e 1 1
0-10 m 1
0-14m 014m
1
or
derof
45 A p
airo
fq uar
kan
dan
ti- Mes
on Ba
ryo
n Ph
oto
n Pr
oto
n
q
uarkmakes

46 Whi
cho fth
efo
llo
win
gha
ve Al
phar
ays Bet
ara
ys Gamma Cath
ode
nocha
rge ra
ys ra
ys

47 Thec
har
geo
nbet
apa
rti
cle +e -e +2e Noneof
i
s th
ese

48 Whic
hon
ebel
ong
stol
ept
ons El
ect
ron Mu
ons Neu
tri
nos Allof
gr
oup th
ese

49 Whic
hi st
rueforb
othalph
a Theycaus
e Theycan Theyc an Theyc a
n
pa
rtic
lesandg
ammarays i
oniz
ati
oninbe be penet
rat
ea
ai
r defl
ect
ed defl
ected
few
byelect
ric byma g
netic
mil
limet
er
fi
eld fi
eld
ofAl

50 Ma
sso
fmes
oni
s Grea
ter Lesstha
n Equa
lt o Equalto
th
anp r
oto
n pro
ton pr
oton neu
tron

51 Thep r
oces
sb ywhi
chaheav
y Fi
ssi
on Fu
sio
n Alp
ha Achai
n
nu
cleusspl
itsupin
tol
igh
ter deca
y r
eac
tio
n
nu
cleiiscalled

52 Energ
ylibera
tedwheno n
e 28MeV 60MeV 1
40MeV 200MeV
at
o mofurani
umunder
goes
fi
ssi
onrea
c t
ioni
s

53 Theen
erg
yemi
ttedf
roms
un Fis
sio
n Fusi
on Ch
emi
cal Pai
r
i
sdueto rea
ction rea
ctio
n pr
oduc
tio
n
r
eac
tio
n

54 Thema xi
mumsaf
elimi
tdo s
e 1r
em 2r
em 3r
em 5r
em
forpers
onwor
kingi
nn u
clear
reac
toris

55 A devi
cewhi
chshowthe GM c
oun
ter Sol
idsta
te Sc
ala
r WC
v
isi
blep a
thofio
niz
ing det
ect
or ch
amb
er
p
artic
leiscal
led

56 Whic
hg ro
upb
elo
ngt
o Prot
onsan
d Meson
sa nd Phot
onsand Pos
itr
onand
ha
drons neu
tron
s neu
trons el
ectro
ns el
ectr
ons

57 Theolda
ndn ewun
itsof 1
Gy=1
0ra
d 1
Gy=1
00 1
Gy= 1
000 1
Gy=1
0000
ab
sor
beddos
ea r
erelat
edby r
ad r
ad
r
ad

58 Half
-l i
feo fI-1
31is8 days 2.
5mg 1
.
25mg 0.
625mg 0.
312 mg
andi t
sweighs20mg.a
fter4
hal
f-lives
,theamou
ntleftun
decayedwi l
lbe
59 Whic
hnuc
learrea
cti
ontakes Fi
ssi
on Ch
emi
cal Fu
sio
n Mec
han
ica
l
pl
aceinthesu
na ndst
ars

60 Wh i
cho neofthefoll
owi
ng Al
phar
ays Bet
ara
ys Gamma Noneof
radiat
ionisex
tremel
y ra
ys th
ese
penetra
tin
g

61 Speci
all
ydesig
nedsol
id Bet
ara
ys Al
phar
ays Gamma x
-ra
ys
st
atedetec
torcanb
eu sedt
o ra
ys
detec
t

62 Betapa
rti
clei
nWi l
sonc
lou
d Zi
gza
g Cu
rved Ci
rcu
lar El
lip
tic
al
cha
mberhavep
ath

63 Nuc
learfiss
ionch
ainrea
cti
on St
eelr
ods Grap
hit
e Cadmi
um Plat
inu
m
iscon
tro
lledb yus
ing ro
ds ro
ds ro
ds

64 Thyr
oidgl
andplaysamajo
r I
odi
ne Gl
ycer
in Ger
man
ium Allof
ro
leinth
edi s
tri
buti
ono
f th
ese

65 Threeu pqua
rkscombi
neto 2 3 4 5
fo
rm an ewparti
cle,t
he
cha
r g
en oont h
is
par
ticleis

66 Hydr
ogenH-1i
sal
soc
all
ed Deu
ter
ium Tr
iti
um Pr
oti
um Allof
th
ese

67 Thep art
icl
ewh i
chhasit
s Pr
oto
n El
ect
ron Neu
tro
n Ph
oto
n
massnumberandcha
rge
nu
mb erisequa
l

t
ozer
o

68 Thec
h emi
calpr
o p
erti
eso
f Numbero f Numberof Atomi
c Ma
ssn
umb
er
an
yelementdependsoni
ts is
oto
p es is
oba
r s nu
mber

69 Al
phap
art
icl
esc
ons
ist
sof Posi
tiv
ely Negat
ivel
y Neutr
al Ph
oto
ns
ch
arged cha
rged par
ticl
es

70 Numb
ero
fis
oto
peso
fhel
ium 2 3 4 5
is

71 Onejo
uleofen
ergyabs
orbed On
era
d On
erem On
egr
ay On
eSi
ever
t
in abodyp
erkil
ogr
ami s
equ
alto

72 I
nWil
sonc
lou
dch
amb
erwe Alco
hol Neo
nga
s Br
omi
neg
as Water
u
se va
pors va
pors
73 A h
ighp o
ten
tia
ldiff
eren
ce 400V 1
000V 50000V 4000V
o
f--- i sus
edi nGM
c
ounter

74 Theenerg
yr el
easedby 24MeV 200MeV 1
.
02 MeV 7.
7MeV
fus
ionoftwodeuter
onsi
nto
hel
iumnucl
eusis

a
bou
t

75 Dr
.AbdulSalamu
nif
ied Weak Str
ong Magn
eti
c Grav
ita
tio
nal
el
ect
roma
gnet
icfo
rceand nu
clear nu
clea
r fo
rce fo
rce
fo
rce fo
rce

76 Ana
lph
apa
rti
clec
ont
ain
s 1p
rot
onand 2prot
on 3pro
tons 4prot
ons
1n
eut
ron a
nd2 a
nd3 a
nd4
n
eut
rons n
eut
rons p
rot
ons

77 Whic
ho fth
ef ol
lowin
g Pr
oto
ns El
ect
ron
s Mu
ons Neu
tri
nos
bel
ongsto“ha
drons
”g ro
up

78 On
ecu
riei
seq
ualt
o 3.70x
10- 3.
70x
1010 Bq 1Bq 1
03Bq
1
0
Bq

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onabso
rbaverag
e 50mSv 40mSv 30mSv 1
0mSv
radia
tio
n sdos
esb ywatc
hing
telev
isi
o ndur
ingoneyear

80 Th
enu
mbero
fQu
ark
sar
e 2 3 4 6

81 Gammaemi
ssi
onfro
mt he Cha
ngei
n Ch
ang
einA Chan
gei
n Nochang
e
nu
cleu
sofana t
omc a
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ndZ

82 A pa
iro
fqu
arka
nda
nti
qua
rk Pr
oto
n Neu
tro
n El
ect
ron Mes
on
ma
kesa

83 Thenumb
ero
fis
oto
peso
f 4 32 36 22
ces
iumar
e

84 Bin
din
gener
gyfordeu
ter
on 2.
8MeV 2.
23MeV 2.
28MeV 2.
25MeV
nu
cleu
sisgi
venb
y

85 Whic
hpar
tic
leh
asl
arg
er Al
pha Bet
a Ga
mma Neu
tro
n
ra
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r

86 Twodo
wna
ndo
neu
pqu
ark
s Pr
oto
n Neu
tro
n Ph
oto
n Po
sit
ron
mak
e

87 Alph
ap a
rti
clec
arr
iesa -e +2e -2e Noc
har
ge
ch
arge

88 Th
esp
eedo
fbet
apa
rti
cle 06 m/
1 s 08 m/s
1 05 m/
1 s 07 m/
1 s
89 I
nnucl
earr a
dia
tio
ns,t
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kof Th
in Di
sco
nti
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rat
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nti
nuo
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a
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90 Ma
sso
fpr
oto
nis Zer
o 1
.
67x
10-27kg 1
.
67x
1034k
g 9x
109k
g

91 Xeno
nandc
esi
umh
ave 35 36 37 38
is
oto
pes

92 Whi
chismos
tabun
dan
t Neo
n-20 Neo
n-21 Neo
n-22 Al
l
i
sot
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fneon

93 Theemis
sio
no fbet
ap ar
tic
le As
ati
tin
e- U-222 U-234 H-1
fr
omPoloni
um-21
8r es
ultin 218
fo
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tio
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6 8 5 7
94 Sp
eedo
fal
phap
art
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esa
re 1
0 m/
s 1
0 m/
s 1
0 m/
s 1
0 m/s

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tsurfa
ceo z
one 1
0-20 k
m 20-25k
m 20-50 km 20-30 k
m
bec
omesvit
alt oli
fea sit
abs
orballUV radi
ati
ons

96 UV r
adi
ati
onsc
aus
e Su
nbu
rn Bl
indn
ess Sk
inc
anc
er Allof
th
ese

97 RBE f
orh
eav
yrec
oiln
ucl
ei 1
0 2 20 1
5

98 Puh
asl
ifet
imei
s 2400 24000 240 yea
rs 24 yea
rs
yea
rs yea
rs