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TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
SERVICE RATES AND DEMANDS ON HIGHWAYS Daily Expansion Factors:
1. A toll bridge carries 6000 veh/day. The current toll is $3.50/vehicle. Studies 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘
𝐷𝐸𝐹 =
have shown that for each increase in toll of 50 cents, the traffic volume will 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦
decrease by 500veh/day. It is desired to increase the toll to a point where revenue
will be maximized. Monthly Expansion Factors:
A. Write the expression for travel demand on the bridge related to toll increase 𝐴𝐴𝐷𝑇
and current volume. 𝑀𝐸𝐹 =
𝐴𝐷𝑇 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
B. Determine the toll charge to maximum revenues.
C. Determine the traffic in veh/day after toll increase. Accident rate for 100 million vehicle miles of travel (HMVM) for a segment
D. Determine the total revenue increase with new toll. of a highway.

2. (MAY 2016) A ramp meter operates during the morning peak period. Ramp 𝐴(100 000 000)
meter cycles vary with time as shown in the table below. The metering scheme 𝑅=
𝐴𝐷𝑇(𝑁)(365𝐿)
allows one vehicle per cycle to pass the signal. The table below gives the number
of vehicles demanding service on the ramp during the particular time intervals, Accident rate per million entering vehicles (MEV) for an intersection
the cumulative demand for the ramp for the morning peak and the ramp meter
cycle for each interval. 𝐴(1 000 000)
𝑅=
𝐴𝐷𝑇(𝑁)(365)
TIME PERIOD 15 min Volume Cumulative Meter cycle (s)
Volume
Severity Ratio
6:30 – 6:45 75 75 6 𝑓𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙 + 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
6:45 – 7:00 100 175 10 𝑆𝑅 =
𝑓𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙 + 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒
7:00 – 7:15 125 300 12
7:15 – 7:30 110 410 12
7:30 – 7:45 80 490 10
1. A traffic engineer urgently needs to determine the AADT on a rural primary
7:45 – 8:00 65 555 6 road. She collected the data shown below on a Tuesday during the month of
A. What are the service rates for meter cycle 12s? (75) May. Determine the AADT of the road.
B. What are the service rates for meter cycle 10s? (90)
C. What are the service rates for meter cycle 6s? (150) Time Volume HEF
D. Determine the time the queue on the ramp begins and ends. (6:45 – 8:00) 7:00 – 8:00 250 29.00
E. Determine the longest queue. 8:00 – 9:00 356 22.05
F. Determine the total delay. (3750veh-min) 9:00 – 10:00 251 18.80
10:00 – 11:00 800 17.10
PEAK HOUR FACTOR 11:00 – 12:00 567 18.52
DEF for Tuesday = 7.727
Peak Hour Factor: MEF for May = 1.394

𝑉 2. The projected AADT of a proposed facility is 33,000 veh/day. If the proportion

𝑃𝐻𝐹 =
4(𝑉15 ) of AADT in the design hour is 16 percent and the peak-hour directional
For the given data shown: distribution is 65:35. Determine the DDHV.
TIME VOLUME
8:00 – 8:15 32 3. Assume that the PHF, fHV, and fp of the proposed facility are 0.91, 0.925, and
8:15 – 8:30 37 1.0, respectively, the maximum service flow rate for the facility to provide a LOS
8:30 – 8:45 29 of 1,500 veh/h/ln. The number of lanes required will be:
8:45 – 9:00 33
9:00 – 9:15 37 4. A vehicle weighing 1300kg travel a distance of 48m before colliding with
9:15 – 9:30 19 another parked vehicles, the weight of which is 1000kg. After collision, if both
A. Peak hour vehicles skid through 14m before stopping, determine the initial speed of the
B. Peak hour volume moving vehicle. Assume friction coefficient of 0.62.
C. Peak hour factor
5. The number of accidents for 6 years recorded in a certain intersection of a
highway is 4877. If the average daily traffic is 467, what is the accident rate per
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
million entering vehicles?
AADT – is the average 24 – hour traffic volume at a given location over a full
6. The number of accidents for 5 years recorded in a 10 – mile long highway is
year.
2345. If the average daily traffic is 502, what is the accident rate per hundred
ADT – is the average 24 – hour traffic volume at a given location for a period of
million entering vehicles?
time less than a year. (e.g. summer, six months, a month, a season)
7. Data on a traffic accident recorded for the past 5 years on a certain stretch of
Directional Design Hourly Volume:
a two highway is tabulated as follows. Determine the severity ratio.
𝐷𝐷𝐻𝑉 = 𝑘(𝐷)(𝐴𝐴𝐷𝑇)
YEAR PROPERTY INJURY FATAL
k = proportion of AADT occurring at the peak hour
DAMAGE
D = peak hour volume proportion in the major direction
2001 213 67 5
Hourly Expansion Factors: 2002 178 89 4
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 24ℎ𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 2003 152 55 3
𝐻𝐸𝐹 = 2004 183 74 2
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
2005 245 29 1