F.A.L.

CONDUCIVE ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

2ND Floor, Cartimar Building, C.M. Recto Avenue, Quiapo, Manila
Contact Number/s: 0995-351-7556; 0945-734-3928

REFRESHER COURSE Factor of Safety Against Sliding

= HYDRAULICS and GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERING
Prepared by: Engr. Ivan Dela Llana
MAX. HEIGHT FOR CRITICAL EQUILIBRIUM, Hcr
Marquez

A. ANALYSIS OF INFINITE SLOPES

m = c/γh = stability number
Factor of Safety Against Sliding
1/m = stability factor

SITUATION 1. A dry infinite slope is to

be analyzed by a geotechnical engineer.
The engineer found out that the ground
has the following properties: the
cohesion is 25 kPa, the angle of internal
friction is 25⁰ and the in-situ unit
weight is 18.75 kN/m3. If height of the
slope is 9 m and its inclination from the
horizontal is 32.5⁰

1. Find the factor of safety against

I. No pore water pressure sliding on the rock surface.
a. 1.059 b. 1.095
c. 1.415 d. 1.572
II. Seepage is present on the soil 2. How high is the backfill that can be
placed at the top of the existing slope
considering the soil is identical to the
existing ground and the new slope remains
stable?
where: a. 1.32 m b. 1.79 m
FS = factor of safety against sliding c. 1.97 m d. 2.21 m
on the rock surface 3. If the critical height of the slope is
c = cohesion of soil 8.7 m, find the maximum angle of slope to
γunsat = unsaturated unit weight of soil classify it as stable.
above the rock a. 27.3⁰ b. 34.7⁰
γsat = saturated unit weight of soil c. 39.4⁰ d. 43.7⁰
above the rock
H = height of soil above the SITUATION 2. An open field is to be
interface of rock and soil analyzed in terms of stability before a
β = angle of backfill from horizontal commercial development to be made. Based
Ф = angle of soil friction on the soil investigation report, the
soil is always saturated to the ground
MAXIMUM CRITICAL HEIGHT OF SLOPE, Hcr surface. Furthermore, the unconfined
when compressive strength is 90 kPa, the angle
of internal friction is 35⁰ and the in-
ACTUAL FACTOR OF SAFETY, FS situ unit weight is 18.05 kN/m3. If
height of the slope is 10.2 m and its
inclination from the horizontal is 21.5⁰

Normal Stress, σ = γHcos2β 4. Compute the developed normal stress on

Shear Stress, τ = γHcosβsinβ the rock surface considering seepage.
a. 121.24 kPa b. 137.52 kPa
B. ANALYSIS OF FINITE SLOPES c. 159.38 kPa d. 195.83 kPa
5. Compute the developed shear stress on
the rock surface considering seepage.
a. 27.32 kPa b. 62.78 kPa
c. 82.67 kPa d. 110.26 kPa
6. Find the factor of safety against
sliding on the rock surface.
a. 1.126 b. 1.325
c. 1.528 d. 1.847

SITUATION 3. An open field consist of

infinite slope whose height is 5.8 m,
angle of inclination is 30⁰, specific
gravity of soil solids is 2.68, void
ratio is 0.5, angle of internal angle is
 F.A.L. CONDUCIVE ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
2ND Floor, Cartimar Building, C.M. Recto Avenue, Quiapo, Manila
Contact Number/s: 0995-351-7556; 0945-734-3928

24⁰ and cohesion is 17.5 kPa. If the field a. 11.733 m³/s b. 14.992 m³/s
is experiencing seepage, the water table c. 17.435 m³/s d. 19.352 m³/s
coincide the groundwater table. If the 17. Determine the flow rate capacity of
field is drained, soil in the slope is the isosceles right triangular channel
partially saturated with a degree of that is 3 m-wide and the channel depth is
saturation of 45%. limited to 2 m.
7. Compute the factor of safety against a. 2.983 m³/s b. 4.107 m³/s
sliding considering no seepage in the c. 4.432 m³/s d. 9.469 m³/s
soil. 18. Determine the flow rate capacity of
a. 0.742 b. 0.932 the circular channel that is 3.5 m
c. 1.138 d. 1.205 diameter with a limited depth of 2.625 m.
8. Compute the factor of safety against a. 8.200 m³/s b. 12.186 m³/s
sliding considering seepage in the soil. c. 11.217 m³/s d. 16.668 m³/s
a. 0.742 b. 0.852
c. 0.932 d. 1.115
9. Compute the critical height of the SITUATION 7 If the flow rate of water
slope considering no seepage in the soil. through the pipe system shown is 0.150
a. 8.38 m b. 9.29 m m³/s under total head loss of 90 m,
c. 10.26 m d. 11.14 m determine the diameter of pipe C. Assume
10. Compute the critical height of the C = 120 for all pipes.
slope considering seepage in the soil.
a. 2.24 m b. 2.69 m
c. 3.05 m d. 3.27 m

SITUATION 4. A cut slope, excavated in

saturated clay, make an angle of 75° with
the horizontal. Based on the soil
investigation, it was found out that the 19. Determine the flow at pipe C
a. 0.048 m³/s b. 0.054 m³/s
angle of internal friction is 25°, the
c. 0.062 m³/s d. 0.090 m³/s
in-situ unit weight is 17.96 kN/m3 and the
undrained cohesion is 23.5 kPa. 20. Determine the commercial diameter of
pipe C.
11. Determine the stability number. a. 90 mm b. 100 mm
a. 0.0872 b. 0.1020 c. 110 mm d. 120 mm
c. 0.2541 d. 0.3015 21. If the pipe system is replaced with
12. Determine the critical depth of cut one pipe whose length is limited to 1200
a. 12.82 m b. 13.23 m m of same material and carrying the same
c. 14.62 m d. 16.25 m flow rate, determine the equivalent
13. Determine the critical angle of commercial diameter.
failure plane at factor of safety of 2.5. a. 200 mm b. 210 mm
a. 32.53⁰ b. 39.28⁰ c. 220 mm d. 230 mm
c. 42.78⁰ d. 54.06⁰
SITUATION 8 A jet issued at the rate of
SITUATION 5. A cut is to be made in a 0.155 m3/s and a velocity of 35 m/s. The
soil having Gamma = 18.5 kN/m3, c = 45 deflection angle of the blade is 150
kN/m2, and Phi = 15O. The side of the cut degrees. Neglect friction in the blade.
slope will make an angle of 55O with the
horizontal.
22. Determine the resultant if the blade
is stationary.
14. Determine the value of the critical
a. 0.462 kN b. 1.42 kN
angle of failure whose factor of safety
c. 2.89 kN d. 3.52 kN
is 2.00.
a. 7.63 ⁰ b. 19.48⁰ 23. Determine the resultant if the blade
is moving 15 m/s along with the jet
c. 31.32⁰ d. 42.25⁰
a. 0.462 kN b. 1.42 kN
15. Determine the depth of cut whose
c. 2.89 kN d. 3.52 kN
factor of safety is 2.00.
a. 8.06 m b. 9.32 m 24. Determine the resultant if the blade
c. 10.36 m d. 12.24 m is moving 15 m/s against with the jet
a. 0.462 kN b. 1.42 kN
SITUATION 6. A water resources engineer c. 2.89 kN d. 3.52 kN
designs a channel that is made up a
smooth stone lining (n = 0.016) and SITUATION 9 A three reservoirs system is
definite slope of 0.0005. shown below. All pipes meet at junction
O. The water level of Reservoir C is
16. Determine the flow rate capacity of unknown. It was found out that the
the rectangular channel that is 4 m-wide piezometric height at junction O is at
and the channel depth is limited to 2.5 Elevation 45.0m.
m.
 F.A.L. CONDUCIVE ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
2ND Floor, Cartimar Building, C.M. Recto Avenue, Quiapo, Manila
Contact Number/s: 0995-351-7556; 0945-734-3928

32. A force P = 900 N is exerted on lever

AB as shown. The end B is connected to a
piston which fits into a cylinder having
a diameter of 80 mm at C. What force FD
acts on the 240 mm diameter piston, if
the volume between C and D is filled with
air?

25. Determine the flow rate at pipe 1

a. 0.542 m³/s b. 0.347 m³/s
c. 0.271 m³/s d. 0.195 m³/s
26. Determine the flow rate at pipe 2
a. 0.542 m³/s b. 0.347 m³/s a. 16.20 kN b. 17.28 kN
c. 0.271 m³/s d. 0.195 m³/s c. 28.80 kN d. 29.44 kN
27. Determine the elevation of water
level of reservoir C. 33. The weight density of a mud is given
a. 36.12 m b. 41.35 m by Gamma = 12.5 + 0.5h, where Gamma is in
c. 42.78 m d. 43.86 m kN/m3 and h is in meters. Determine the
pressure at a depth of 10 m from the
ground surface.
SITUATION 10 An open channel has a cross a. 75.00 kPa b. 96.00 kPa
section shown in the figure. The slope of
c. 125.00 kPa d. 150.00 kPa
the channel is 12 m in every 1 km. If the
lining of the channel is made up of
concrete (n = 0.013), determine the
following:

28. Determine the discharge of the

channel.
a. 137.3 cu.m/s b. 145.9 cu.m/s
c. 155.6 cu.m/s d. 179.6 cu.m/s
29. Determine the Froude Number and the
type of flow
a. 2.26, supercritical
b. 1.84, supercritical
c. 1.96, supercritical
d. 1.73, supercritical
30. Determine the specific energy.
a. 6.53 m b. 7.53 m
c. 6.99 m d. 9.04 m

31. A cylindrical container 6 meters high

and 3 meter in diameter is reinforced
with two steel hoops 1 m from each end.
If it is filled with water up to the top.
What is the sum of tension of both top
and bottom hoop near the bottom in kN?
a. 245.25 kN b. 188.29 kN
c. 841.21 kN d. 529.74 kN