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THE SINUSOIDAL WAVE
Review MODULE – MATHEMATICS (Trigonometry)
ANGLE MEASUREMENT
A. Sexagesimal system - fundamental unit of angle measurement.
”sexagesimus”
B. Centesimal system – the right angle is divided into 100 parts (grade),
the grade divided into 100 parts (minutes) and the minute divided into
100 parts (seconds)
C. Circular/Natural system - angle which, when placed with its vertex at
the center of a circle, intercepts an arc equal in length to the radius of
the circle.
1 revolution = 2π radians (r) = 360 degrees (º)
= 400 grads (g) = 6400 mils (m)
For the function/s
COMPLEMENTARY – Sum is 90° y = A sin(Bx + C) + D
SUPPLEMENTARY – Sum is 180° OR y = A cos(Bx + C) + D
EXPLEMENTARY/CONJUGATE – Sum is 360°
RIGHT TRIANGLE
OTHER TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS (PYTHAGOREAN TRIANGLE)
NAME ABBREV. VALUE r2 = x2 + y2
versin θ x = r cos θ
Versed sine, versine 1 − cos θ
vers θ
y = r sin θ
vercosin θ
Versed cosine, vercosine 1 + cos θ
vercos θ
coversin θ 1. What is the equivalent of 540° in the centesimal system? In the
Coversed sine, coversine 1 − sin θ circular system?
covers θ
covercosin θ
Coversed cosine, covercosine 1 + sin θ 2. If the sin γ = -24/25 and the tan γ < 0, what quadrant is the angle
covercos θ
haversin θ 1 − cos θ
γ located?
Half versed sine, haversine
hav θ 2
havercosin θ 1 + cos θ 3. Determine the value of (cos 𝜃 + cot 𝜃) /(sec 𝜃 + csc 𝜃),
Half versed cosine, havercosine
havercos θ 2 when sin θ=3/5 and θ is in second quadrant.
hacoversine θ 1 − sin θ
Half coversed sine, hacoversine,
hacovers θ 2 (1−sin 𝑥)(1+csc 𝑥)
4. Simplify the function y = 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙
hacovercosin θ 1 + sin θ
Half coversed cosine, hacovercosine, A. sin x B. cos x C. sec x D. tan x
hacovercos θ 2
Exterior secant, exsecant exsec θ sec θ − 1
excosec θ 5. If A+B+C=180 degrees, and tan A+ tan B+ tan C = m, find the
Exterior cosecant, excosecant csc θ − 1 value of (tan A)(tan B)(tan C) in terms of m.
excsc θ
Chord crd θ 2 sin θ⁄2 A. 1.5m B. 2m C. m D. 1⁄m

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES SITUATION.

PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES Given the function y = 5 sin (2x − π) + 1, identify the following
cos 2 θ + sin2 θ = 1 6. Amplitude 7. Period 8. Frequency
1 + tan2 θ = sec 2 θ 9. Phase shift 10. Vertical shift
cot 2 θ + 1 = csc 2 θ
SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES Given the function y = 2 tan (3x – π/4) + 1, identify the following
sin(α ± β) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β 11. Amplitude 12. Period 13. Frequency
cos(α ± β) = cos α cos β ∓ sin α sin β 14. Phase shift 15. Vertical shift 16. Asymptote
tan α ± tan β
tan(α ± β) =
1 ∓ tan α tan β 17. Consider the function
DOUBLE ANGLE IDENTITIES 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐,
2𝜋
sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ where 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏 > 0. If the period of 𝑓(𝑥) is 5 , the maximum
cos 2θ = cos 2 θ − sin2 θ value of 𝑓(𝑥) is 13 and𝑓(𝜋) = −11, what is the value of 𝑎𝑏𝑐?
2 tan θ
tan 2θ = SITUATION.
1 − tan2 θ
The longest day of the year in Juneau, Alaska, is June 21, and it’s
1081.8 minutes long. Half a year later, when the days are at their
ODD FUNCTIONS shortest, the days are about 367.8 minutes long. If it is not leap year,
A function f is odd if the graph of f is symmetric with respect to the origin. and June 21 is the 172nd day of the year,
Algebraically, f is odd if and only if 𝒇(−𝒙) = −𝒇(𝒙) for all x in the
domain of f. 18. Determine the sinusoidal function in the form
𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶) + 𝐷
EVEN FUNCTIONS where y=number of hours of sunlight, and x=nth day of the year.
A function f is even if the graph of f is symmetric with respect to the y-
axis. Algebraically, f is even if and only if 𝒇(−𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) for all x in the 19. In what nth day of the year will they experience the winter solstice?
domain of f.
20. In what nth day of the year will the day length and night length the
same?