Civil Engineering November 2021 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 1

Distance Between Two Points: 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 Distance between Parallel Lines:

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑚 =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
Given: P1(x1,y1) & P2(x2,y2) 𝐶1 − 𝐶2
𝑑=| |
D. Two-Intercept Form: ±√𝐴2 + 𝐵2
Then, 𝑃1 𝑃2 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 Given: a = x intercept
b = y intercept Angle Between Two Lines:
Midpoint Formula: Then, L2
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1 L1 𝑚2 − 𝑚1
𝑎 𝑏 θ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
If M(xm, ym) is the midpoint of P1P2, then, 1 + 𝑚2 𝑚1
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2 β
𝑥𝑚 = ; 𝑦𝑚 = E. General Form: 𝑚1 − 𝑚2
2 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 =
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0 Note: m = 1 + 𝑚1 𝑚2
Division of a Line Segment: -A/B

P2(x2, y2) Parallel Lines: Two lines, L1& L2, are parallel if: Area of Triangle:
𝑃1 𝑃 𝑚
𝐼𝑓 = , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 m1 = m2
n 𝑃𝑃2 𝑛
A(x1, y1)
P (x, y)
𝑚𝑥2 + 𝑛𝑥1 Perpendicular Lines: Two lines, L1& L2, are
𝑥=
m 𝑚+𝑛 perpendicular if
B(x2, y2) C(x3, y3)
𝑚𝑦2 + 𝑛𝑦1 m1 m2 = -1 or m1 = -1/m2
P1(x1, y1) 𝑦=
𝑚+𝑛
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥1
Equation of a Line: Distance Between Point & Line: 𝐴= { }
2 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦1
A. Point-Slope Form • P1(x1, y1) 1 (𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥2 𝑦3 + 𝑥3 𝑦1 )
Given: m = slope and a point P1(x1,y1)
𝐴= [ 1 2 ]
d 𝐴𝑥1 + 𝐵𝑦1 + 𝐶 2 − (𝑦1 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥3 + 𝑦3 𝑥1 )
Then, 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) 𝑑=
±√𝐴2 + 𝐵2
B. Slope-Intercept Form L: Ax + By + C = 0 Centroid of Triangle:
Given: m = slope
b = y-intercept Use + if the point is above the line provided B is 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦3
𝑥̅ = ; 𝑦̅ =
Then, 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 positive; use – if the point is below the line provided 3 3
B is positive. L: 4x – 3y – 6 = 0
C. Two-Point Form Ex: L: 4x + 3y – 6 = 0 Point above → -
Given: P1(x1,y1) & P2(x2,y2) Point above → + Point below → +
Then, Point below → -
𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
=
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 𝑥1

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Civil Engineering November 2021 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 1
The Circle: 3. Given the triangle with vertices at A(9, 6), B(1, 4) Problems for Practice:
y and C(7, 2). Find: 1. Find the coordinates of the point which is 3/8 of
a. the equation of the line through (0, -3) and the way from the point A(-1, 3) to the point B(4, -2).
P(x,y) parallel to BC, and Answer: (7/8, 9/8)
b. the equation of the perpendicular bisector of 2. Find the equation of the line passing through the
r side AC. point A(2, -3) and perpendicular to the line having
C(h,k) the parametric equations:
4. Find the coordinates of the point which is 3/8 of 5x = 3t + 4 and 3y = 4t – 6
O(0,0) the way from the point A(-1, 3) to the point B(4, -2). Answer: 9x + 20y + 42 = 0
x
3. Determine the equations of the lines (two
A locus of a point which moves at a constant 5. The equation of the Euler’s line of triangle ABC answers) passing through (-2, 4) and forming with
distance from a fixed point called center and the is 51x – 71y – 122 = 0. The vertices of the triangle the axes a triangle having an area of 9 square units.
constant distance of any point from the center is are: A(-2, 3), B(1, -7) and C(x, 1). Locate the Answers: x + 2y = 6 and 8x + y = -12
called the radius. triangle’s orthocenter. 4. Find the farthest distance from the point (12, 2) to
Center at C (h, k): the circle x2 + y2 + 6x – 16y + 24 = 0.
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 Sample Problems (CIRCLES) Answer: 23.16 units
Center at O (0, 0): 6. Find the equation of the circle having its center 5. The two points on the line 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 which
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2 on the line 4x – y = 7 and passing through the points are at distance 2 from the line 3x + 4y – 6 = 0
General Form: (-2, 4) and (5, 5). Answer: (64, - 44) and (4, -4)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0 6. A line has an equation of x + 5y + 5 = 0. Find the
7. Find the equation of the circle a diameter of equation of the line through (3, 1) that makes an
*Center(h,k): h = -D/2 k = -E/2 which is the line segment connecting the centers of angle of 450 clockwise from the line that is
the following circles: perpendicular to the line x + 5y + 5 = 0 at that point.
RADICAL AXIS - is always perpendicular to the x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 7 = 0 and
Answer: 2x – 3y = 3
line joining the centers of the given circles. x2 + y2 - 4x + 8y – 5 = 0
7. Find the equation of the circle circumscribing the
RADICAL CENTER - is the point of intersection of triangle with vertices at A(-1, -4), B(3, -2) and C(5,
8. Find an equation(s) of the circle(s) tangent to both
radical axes. 2).
axes and containing the point (-8, -1).
Answer: (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 50
8. Determine the length of the tangent to the circle
9. Find the radical center of the following circles:
Sample Problems (LINES) x2 + y2 – 4x – 5 = 0 from (8, -2).
x2 + y2 - 4x + 2y – 1 = 0
1. Find the abscissa of a point whose ordinate is 5 if Answer: 5.57 units
x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y + 1 = 0
this point is collinear with points A(1, -2) and B(4, x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y + 9 = 0
2).

2. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are at

A(2, -5), B(6, 2) and C(4, 1). Locate the point of
intersection of its medians.

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