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Tension Test
¨ A specimen of the material,
usually a round rod or a flat bar,
is pulled with a controlled
tension force. As the force is
increased, the elongation of the
specimen is measured and
MECHANICAL recorded.
PROPERTIES OF
MATERIALS
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

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Tension Test Stress-Strain Diagram

The relationship between applied load and resulting
deformation can be observed from a plot of the data.

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Proportional Limit Modulus of Elasticity, E

¨ stress at which the stress–strain plot is no ¨ Young’s Modulus
longer linear. ¨ slope of the initial straight-line portion of the
¨ Elastic region stress–strain diagram
¨ Measure of the material’s stiffness

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Elastic Limit Yielding

¨ the largest stress that a ¨ Relatively large deformations will occur for
material can withstand small or almost negligible increases in stress
without any measurable
permanent strain remaining
after complete release of the
stress

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Yield Point Yield Strength

¨ The stress at which there is ¨ stress that will induce a specified permanent
an appreciable increase in set in the material, usually 0.05% or 0.2%.
strain with no increase in
stress.

¨ Perfectly plastic
¨ Elastoplastic

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Ultimate Strength Strain Hardening

¨ The stress–strain curve rises continuously ¨ The rise in the curve
toward a peak stress value
¨ Tensile strength or Ultimate Tensile Strength

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Fracture Stress Engineering vs True Stress

¨ The stress at which
the specimen breaks
into two pieces
¨ Engineering Stress

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Hooke’s Law Poisson’s Ratio

¨ The proportionality of load to deflection
¨ Ut tension sic vis (“As the stretch, so the
force”)
¨ For normal stress σ and normal strain ε
acting in one direction
¨ A material loaded in one direction will
undergo strains perpendicular to the
direction of the load as well as parallel to it.
If a solid body is subjected to an axial tension, it contracts in the lateral directions.
If a solid body is compressed, it expands in the lateral directions.

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Shear Modulus, G Example

¨ Modulus of rigidity ¨ A tension test was conducted on a 50 mm wide by 9.5 mm
thick specimen of a Nylon plastic. A 100 mm gage length was
marked on the specimen before load application. In the
elastic portion of the stress-strain curve at an applied load of
P = 26.7 kN the elongation in the gage length was measured
as 0.58 mm, and the contraction in the bar width was
measured as 0.10 mm. Determine the elastic modulus,
Poisson’s ratio and shear modulus.

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Example Example

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Workout # 5
¨ 5.17, 5.18, 5.20

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