Civil Engineering Nov 2021 Review Innovations Hydraulics 6

MOVING VESSEL Use (+) sign for upward motion and (-) sign for
(HOOP TENSION) downward motion.

1. Walls Carrying Stress in Pipes and Tanks Horizontal Motion

VERTICAL MOTION

pD
t 
2t(eff)

t = thickness of the wall (mm)

D = inside diameter (mm)
p = unit pressure of fluid (MPa)
σt = actual or allowable tensile stress in the wall
a
(MPa) tan  
eff = efficiency of the connections g

Note: If efficiency of connections is not

mentioned in the problem, assume 100% Inclined Motion
efficiency
 a
2. Hoops Carrying Stress in Pipes and Cylindrical p  h  1  
 g
Tanks

Use (+) sign for upward motion and (-) sign for
2T downward motion. Also note that a is positive for
S acceleration and negative for deceleration.
pD

S = center to center spacing of the hoops (mm)

T = tensile force in one hoop (N)

ah
tan  
g  av

Manila: https://www.facebook.com/ReviewInnovationsOfficial Davao: https://www.facebook.com/reviewinnovations.davaobranch

Civil Engineering Nov 2021
1. A 10 mm thick steel pipe with inside diameter
of 600 mm conveys water under a head of
480 m:
a. What is the tensile stress in the pipe in
MPa?
b. What is the stress in the pipe wall if the
head is increased to 500 meters of
water?
c. What is the required thickness under a
head of 500 meters if the allowable
tensile stress of the pipe is 118 MPa and
assuming that the joints are 80%
efficient?
2. A wood-stave pipe carries water under a head
of 115 m. It is bound by 20-mm Ø steel hoops
having an allowable tensile stress of 98 MPa.
Calculate the required spacing of the hoops if
the pipe’s inside diameter is 90 cm.
3. An open tank 3 m long, 1.80 m wide, and 1.50
m high contains water to a depth of 1.20 m. It
is moving parallel to a pair of longest sides.
Determine the following:
a. the maximum acceleration without
spilling any liquid.
b. the unbalanced force causing the
acceleration in part (1).
c. the volume of water spilled if
accelerated at 3 m/s2.
d. the volume of water retained when
accelerated at 5.4 m/s2.
Manila: https://www.facebook.com/ReviewInnovationsOfficial
Review Innovations
4. A closed tank 2.4 m long, 1.2 m wide and 1.4
m high contains water 1.1 m deep. A small
hole is located near the center of the cover. It
moves in the direction parallel to the 2.4-m
dimension.
a. Determine the acceleration needed so
that the water surface will just touch the
bottom of the front wall.
b. Determine the pressure at the bottom of
the rear wall.
c. Determine the force of water acting on
the top of the tank
d. Determine the total force acting on the
bottom of the tank.
5. An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is
acted by an unbalanced upward force of 20
kN. The volume of water inside the cylinder is
6.28 m3.
a. Compute the acceleration of the tank.
b. Compute the pressure at the bottom of
the tank.
c. Calculate the force on the bottom of the
tank.
6. A 1.2-m Ø wood-stave pipe carries 76 m of
water. It is provided with 25-mm Ø steel
hoops with an allowable tensile stress of
104.3 MPa.
a. What pressure of water will be resisted
by the hoops?
b. What is the actual tensile force in the
hoops if they are spaced at 75 mm
center to center?
c. What spacing of the hoops will be
implemented?
Hydraulics 6
7. A steel pipe having a diameter of 0.90 m
carries water under a head of 230 m of water.
a. Compute the internal pressure on the
pipe.
b. Compute the required wall thickness if
the allowable stress for steel pipe is 110
MPa.
c. Compute the tangential force on the
steel pipe.
8. A closed cylindrical tank is 2.4 m in diameter
and 7.5 m long is completely filled with
gasoline (sg = 0.90). The tank, with its long
axis horizontal, is pulled by a truck along a
horizontal surface.
a. Determine the pressure difference
between the ends (along the long axis of
the tank) when the truck undergoes an
acceleration of 1.5 m/s2.
b. Determine the force on the front wall.
c. Determine the force on the rear wall.
9. An open vessel of water accelerates up a 25°
plane at 2.5 m/s2.
a. What is the horizontal component of the
acceleration?
b. What is the vertical component of the
acceleration?
c. What is the angle that the water surface
makes with the horizontal?
6) 745.6 kPa, 33.6 kN, 100 mm
7) 2256.3 kPa, 9.2 mm, 1015.3 kN
8) 10.125 kPa, 47.9 kN, 93.7 kN
9) 2.27 m/s2, 1.06 m/s2, 11.8°
Davao: https://www.facebook.com/reviewinnovations.davaobranch