Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Concrete 3

Design of Beam with Compression Steel

0.375𝑑












Tension Steel:
Compression Steel:


1. Equate CC to T1 to solve A s1. 3. Solve A s2. 1. Determine
the stress in the compression steel.
𝒅′
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄 𝒂𝒃 𝑨𝒔𝟏 𝒇𝒚 𝑴𝒏𝟐 𝑨𝒔𝟐 𝒇𝒚 𝒅 𝒅′ 𝒇𝒔 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟏 𝒇𝒚
𝒄
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄 𝒂𝒃 𝑴𝒏𝟐
𝑨𝒔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 𝑨𝒔𝟐 2. Equate Cs to T2 to solve A s’.
𝒇𝒚 𝒅 𝒅′
𝑨𝒔 ′ 𝒇𝒔 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄 𝑨𝒔𝟐 𝒇𝒚
𝑨𝒔𝟐 𝒇𝒚
2. Determine the excess moment, Mn2. 4. Finally, 𝑨𝒔 ′
𝑨𝒔 𝑨𝒔𝟏 𝑨𝒔𝟐 𝒇𝒔 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄
𝑴𝒖
𝑴𝒏𝟐 𝑴𝒏 𝑴𝒏𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝑴𝒏𝟐 𝑴𝒏𝟏
𝝋



DRB Balance Steel Ratio DRB Maximum Steel Ratio
𝑨𝒔𝟐 𝑨𝒔𝟐
𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝑹𝑩 𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝑹𝑩 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑫𝑹𝑩 𝑺𝑹𝑩
𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝒃𝒅 𝒃𝒅
𝒇𝒔 𝒇𝒔
𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝑹𝑩 𝝆 → 𝑖𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑺𝑹𝑩 𝝆 → 𝑖𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒚
𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝑹𝑩 𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝑹𝑩 𝝆 → 𝑖𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑫𝑹𝑩
𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝝆 → 𝑖𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑺𝑹𝑩
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

𝑨𝒔
where: 𝝆
𝒃𝒅






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Civil Engineering November 2020
Problem 1 PROBLEM for PRACTICE
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm
and an effective depth of 600 mm. Compressive
reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm.
f’c = 27.5 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Use 2010 NSCP. The
beam is to support a factored bending moment of 670
kN-m.
1. Determine the area of steel required as tension
reinforcement if the minimum strain in the
extreme tension steel is permitted to be 0.004.
2. Determine the area of steel required as tension
reinforcement if the minimum strain in the
extreme tension steel is limited to 0.005.
3. Determine the number of 28mm bars required as
tension reinforcement if the reduction factor, 𝜙
=0.90.
4. If 2-28mm𝜙 compression steel will be added,
determine the maximum tension reinforcement
area that can be used for a tension-controlled
section. Assume that compression steel yields and
neglect the effect of displaced concrete.
Problem 2 MPa and fy = 345 MPa. Assume that the concrete
A RC beam section which is 375 mm wide and
500 mm deep must resist a service live load moment
of 105 kN-m and a service dead load moment of 210
kN-m. f’c = 21 MPa, fy = 415 MPa, and effective
concrete cover of 65 mm. At ultimate condition, U =
1.2D + 1.6L. Use φ = 0.90.
1. Determine the required nominal flexural
strength of the section.
2. Determine the maximum steel ratio allowed for
a tension-controlled singly-reinforced beam
section.
3. Find the number of 28mmØ tension steel.
4. Calculate the stress in compression steel.
5. Find the number of 28mmØ compression steel. yield strength fy = 275 MPa and concrete
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Review Innovations Concrete 3
Problem 3 of the beam. Neglect the effect of the displaced concrete
A reinforced concrete beam has total depth limited and use the 2010 NSCP.
to 500mm due to architectural clear floor height
requirement. Effective concrete cover is 65mm, f’c = 28 1. Determine the number of pieces of 20mm tension
MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Total factored moment is 260 kN- steel for a singly-reinforced section reinforced with
m maximum steel for tension control.
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
1. Determine the approximate required value of As if
the architect also wishes to have the smallest
2. Determine the number of pieces of 20mm tension
possible beam width. Design a singly-reinforced,
reinforcements if beam is to carry a factored design
tension-controlled section based on 2010 NSCP.
moment of 80 kN-m.
2. If the width is 350mm, determine the maximum A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
number of 25mm that can be used for a tension-
controlled, singly-reinforced section based on 3. Determine the number of pieces of 20mm tension
2010 NSCP. reinforcements if beam is to carry a factored design
moment of 135 kN-m.
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
Problem 4
A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has a
4. Determine the number of pieces of 20mm
width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 450 mm to compression reinforcements if beam is to carry a
centroid of the tension bars. The beam is reinforced
factored design moment of 135 kN-m.
with six 32 mm ɸ tension bars placed in two layers with A. 2 B. 3 C. 3 D. 4
the outer layer having a depth of 478 mm , and two 28
mm ɸ compression bars with centroid 65 mm from the
extreme concrete fiber. Use the 2010 NSCP, fc’ = 34.5 Strength Reduction factor in Transition‐Zone
displaced by the compression steel shall not be For sections in which the net tensile strain ε , is
t
neglected and that the compression steel yields. Det. the between the limits for compression-controlled and
following: tension-controlled sections, φ shall be permitted to be
1. The balanced steel ratio if the beam is singly linearly increased from that for compression-
reinforced. controlled sections to 0.90 as ε increases from the
t
2. The maximum steel ratio for a singly-reinforced compression-controlled strain limit to 0.005.
section in tension control.
3. The maximum steel ratio for a doubly-
reinforced section in tension control.
Problem 5
A rectangular concrete beam having a
width of 250mm and effective depth of
350mm will be designed to carry the
factored design loads as stated. The steel
strength fc’ = 20.7 MPa. If the compression
steel is found necessary, it will be placed
60mm from the extreme compression fiber