RECTANGULAR FOOTING

Footings are structural elements that transmit column or wall loads to the
underlying soil below the structure. Footings are designed to transmit these loads to the
soil without exceeding its safe bearing capacity, to prevent excessive settlement of the
structure to a tolerable limit, to minimize differential settlement, and to prevent sliding
and overturning. The settlement depends upon the intensity of the load, type of soil, and
foundation level. Where possibility of differential settlement occurs, the different footings
should be designed in such a way to settle independently of each other
There are cases were ideally the column in a footing is not located at the center
when there is a great moment in the column to reduce eccentricity and counter the
moment. In solving rectangular footing subject to axial load and moment for net and
gross soil pressure where the column is not located at the center. First thing to do upon
solving is to compute the moment at the center of the footing due to column loads.
Whenever analyzing soil pressure moment always used the factored load in designing
the concrete. Then, find the value of eccentricity and maximum eccentricity without
uplift. After that we can used combined stress axial and bending formula to find net
pressure. The formula is simply adding the direct load, the stress due to P and the
stress due to moment, the moment about the y-axis. We can then solve the overburden
pressure which is the sum of pressure due to concrete and pressure due to soil. And
lastly, we can solve the maximum gross pressure by adding net pressure and the
overburden pressure.
In analysis and design of rectangular column not in center concrete footing for
shear and moment first find the factored loads not including the pressure due to the
weight of soil. Then compute the factored base pressure but locate the centroid and
eccentricity of the footing first. Rectangular footing is governed by wide beam shear
unlike the square footing that is governed by punching shear. Next step is to check the
wide-beam shear strength of the rectangular footing to determined the required shear
strength at the critical section. Then lastly find the design strength or design wide beam
shear strength to determine if the required shear strength at the critical section doe not
exceed the design wide beam shear strength.
In checking the punching shear strength of rectangular column not in center
concrete footing it is stated in NSCP 2015 that the effective depth to be use in punching
is the average of the two depths in footing. In designing the number bars in the long and
short direction, first find the the design wide beam shear strength and punching shear
strength of the rectangular footing. Locate the critical section and according to NSCP
2015 code that the critical section is computed at the face of the support, considering
the side with great moment. Then find the required steel area to find the number of steel
along the long and short direction.