SAGA BEAT VIVA GROUP G6

MUHAMMAD AIRISH DFOM2004921

UMESH NAIR DFOM2004904
KHIRENRAJ DCCA2004241
NUR FARID AIMAN DFOM2004919
KATTIRVEL DFOM2004939
9.A Explain five (5) types of signage. (CLO2, C2) (6
marks)

Mandatory instruction signs. Mandatory instruction signs are signs that are
illuminated in a red background with white inscription. These signs denote an
entrance to a runway, critical area, or prohibited area. Location signs are signs with
black with yellow inscription and a yellow border, no arrows. They are used to
identify a taxiway or runway location, to identify the boundary of the runway, or
identify an instrument landing system (ILS) critical area. Direction signs are yellow
background with black inscription. The inscription identifies the designation of the
intersecting taxiways leading out of an intersection. Destination signs are signs that
have a yellow background with black inscription and arrows. These signs provide
information on locating areas, such as runways, terminals, cargo areas, and civil
aviation areas.

Information signs are yellow background signs with black inscription. These signs
are used to provide the pilot with information on areas that cannot be seen from the
control tower, applicable radio frequencies, and noise abatement procedures. The
airport operator determines the need, size, and location of these signs.

Runway distance remaining signs are signs that have a distinctive black background
with white numbers. The numbers indicate the distance of the remaining runway in
thousands of feet.
9.B Provide four (4) characteristics of the airside
signage. (CLO1, C3) (4 Marks)

Airside signage is a guidance that is able to provide direction and information for the
safe movement of an aircraft. These signages is used as a way to show the location
of the runway and the taxiway as well. There are 4 characteristics of the airside
signage which is clear, rectangular, illuminated and should be identified in different
colours for different categories. The airside signage is clear in a way that it is easily
located and there is no obstruction when looking for it. Furthermore, rectangular
shapes are used for the airside signages due to cheap manufacturing costs and
easily distinguishble. Therefore, the signage should also be illuminated to help
visibility at night or heavy weather. Lastly, the colour red is to be used for mandatory
signs while yellow colour is used generally for location signs. These characteristics
functions as a way to improve visibility of the signage while making it easy to be
recognized by pilots or person in charge.
10.A Define in your own words about AWOS and
ASOS? (CLO1, C1) (6 Marks)
AWOS Is automated weather observing system. The system also provides report
each 20 minutes. All the information will be shared to pilots radio frequency.
Computers generate voice energy and change as voice messages. AWOS observe
the temperature, wind speed, wind direction , visibility also variable and sky
condition. Other than that, this system can’t give the special report if the weather
change rapidly.

ASOS can be defined as an automated surface observing system. It be observed by

the FOO. The system will give an hourly interval report and a special report will come
out if the weather changes quickly. In this case, it can also provide data on rain,
snow and obstacles that make the scene less clear like haze.
10.B Explain the wind indicator. (CLO1, C2) (4
Marks)
A wind indicator, as found on airports, is a small weather vane or wind sock that
gives an indication of the current apparent wind direction. If the speed of the winds
are low, the windsock droops. In high winds it flies horizontally. Alternating stripes of
high visibility orange and white were initially used to help to estimate the speed of
wind. Each stripe adds up 3 knots to the estimated wind speed. However, some
circle frames mountings cause windsocks to be held open at one end, indicating a
velocity of 3 knots, even though anemometers would show no wind speed. A fully
extended windsock suggests a wind speed of 15 knots. This indication allows the
pilots and the air traffic controller to determine the speed of the wind and decide
whether is it safe for the airplane to take off or land at that airport.