Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots

Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots
Notes
Square Number
Any natural number ‘p’ which can be represented as y2, where y is a natural number, then ‘p’ is
called a Square Number.
Example
4 = 22
9 = 32
16 = 42
Where 2, 3, 4 are the natural numbers and 4, 9, 16 are the respective square numbers.
Such types of numbers are also known as Perfect Squares.

Some of the Square Numbers
Properties of Square Numbers

• We can see that the square numbers are ending with 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 or 9 only. None of
the square number is ending with 2, 3, 7 or 8.
• Any number having 1 or 9 in its one’s place will always have a square ending
with 1.
Number Square Number
1 1
9 81
11 121
19 361
21 441
• Any number which has 4 or 6 in its unit’s place, its square will always end with
6.
Number Square Number
4 16
16 256
24 576
36 1296
44 1936
• Any number which has 0 in its unit’s place, its square will always have an even
number of zeros at the end.
Number Square number
10 100
50 2500
100 10000
150 22500
400 160000
Some More Interesting Patterns

1. Adding Triangular Numbers
If we could arrange the dotted pattern of the numbers in a triangular form then these numbers
are called Triangular Numbers. If we add two consecutive triangular numbers then we can get
the square number.
2. Numbers between Square Numbers

If we take two consecutive numbers n and n + 1, then there will be (2n) non-perfect square
numbers between their squares numbers.
Example
Let’s take n = 5 and 52 = 25
n + 1 = 5 + 1 = 6 and 62 = 36
2n = 2(5) = 10
There must be 10 numbers between 25 and 36.
The numbers are 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35.
3. Adding Odd Numbers

Sum of first n natural odd numbers is n2.
Any square number must be the sum of consecutive odd numbers starting from 1.
And if any natural number which is not a sum of successive odd natural numbers starting with
1, then it will not be a perfect square.
4. A Sum of Consecutive Natural Numbers

Every square number is the summation of two consecutive positive natural numbers.
If we are finding the square of n the to find the two consecutive natural numbers we can use
the formula
Example
52 = 25
12 + 13 = 25
Likewise, you can check for other numbers like
112 = 121 = 60 + 61
5. The Product of Two Consecutive Even or Odd Natural Numbers
If we have two consecutive odd or even numbers (a + 1) and (a -1) then their product will be (a2-
1)
Example
Let take two consecutive odd numbers 21 and 23.
21 × 23 = (20 - 1) × (20 + 1) = 202 - 1

6. Some More Interesting Patterns about Square Numbers
Finding the Square of a Number

To find the square of any number we needed to divide the number into two parts then we can
solve it easily.
If number is ‘x’ then x = (p + q) and x2 = (p + q)2

You can also use the formula (p + q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2
Example
Find the square of 53.
Solution:
Divide the number in two parts.
53 = 50 + 3
532 = (50 + 3)2

= (50 + 3) (50 + 3)
= 50(50 + 3) +3(50 + 3)
= 2500 + 150 + 150 + 9
= 2809
1. Other pattern for the number ending with 5

For numbers ending with 5 we can use the pattern
(a5)2 = a × (a + 1)100 + 25
Example
252 = 625 = (2 × 3) 100 + 25
452 = 2025 = (4 × 5) 100 + 25
952 = 9025 = (9 × 10) 100 + 25
1252 = 15625 = (12 × 13) 100 + 25
2. Pythagorean Triplets
If the sum of two square numbers is also a square number, then these three numbers form a
Pythagorean triplet.
For any natural number p >1, we have (2p) 2 + (p2 -1)2 = (p2 + 1)2. So, 2p, p2-1 and p2+1 forms a
Pythagorean triplet.
Example
Write a Pythagorean triplet having 22 as one its member.
Solution:
Let 2p = 6
P=3
p2 + 1 = 10
p2 - 1 = 8.
Thus, the Pythagorean triplet is 6, 8 and 10.
62 + 82 = 102
36 + 64 = 100
Square Roots
The square root is the inverse operation of squaring. To find the number with the given square
is called the Square Root.
22 = 4, so the square root of 4 is 2
102 = 100, therefore square root of 100 is 10
There are two square roots of any number. One is positive and other is negative.
The square root of 100 could be 10 or -10.
Symbol of Positive Square Root
Finding Square Root

1. Through Repeated Subtraction
As we know that every square number is the sum of consecutive odd natural numbers starting
from 1, so we can find the square root by doing opposite because root is the inverse of the
square.
We need to subtract the odd natural numbers starting from 1 from the given square number
until the remainder is zero to get its square root.
The number of steps will be the square root of that square number.
Example
Calculate the square root of 64 by repeated addition.
Solution:
64 – 1 = 63
63 – 3 = 60
60 – 5 = 55
55 – 7 = 48
28 – 13 = 15
48 – 9 = 39
15 – 15 = 0
39 – 11 = 28
2. Prime Factorization
In this method, we need to list the prime factors of the given number and then make the pair of
two same numbers.
Then write one number for each pair and multiply to find the square root.
Example
Calculate the square root of 784 using prime factorization method.
Solution:
List the prime factors of 784.
784 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
√784 = 2 × 2 × 7 = 28
3. Division Method
Steps to find the square root by division method
Step 1: First we have to start making the pair of digits starting from the right and if there are
odd number of digits then the single digit left over at the left will also have bar .
Step 2: Take the largest possible number whose square is less than or equal to the number
which is on the first bar from the left. Write the same number as the divisor and the quotient
with the number under the extreme left bar as the dividend. Divide to get the remainder.
Step 3: Like a normal division process bring the digits in next bar down and write next to the
remainder.
Step 4: In next part the quotient will get double and we will right in next line with a blank on its
right.
Step 5: Now we have to take a number to fill the blank so that the if we take it as quotient then
the product of the new divisor and the new digit in quotient is less than or equal to the
dividend.
Step 6: If there are large number of digits then you can repeat the steps 3, 4, 5 until the
remainder does not become 0.
Example
Calculate the square root of √729 using division method.
Solution:
Thus, √729 = 27.
Square Roots of Decimals

To find the square root of a decimal number we have to put bars on the primary part of the
number in the same manner as we did above. And for the digits on the right of the decimal we
have to put bars starting from the first decimal place.
Rest of the method is same as above. We just need to put the decimal in between when the
decimal will come in the division.
Example
Find √7.29 using division method.
Solution:
Thus, √7.29 = 2.7
Remark: To put the bar on a number like 174.241, we will put a bar on 74 and a bar on 1 as it is
a single digit left. And in the numbers after decimal, we will put a bar on 24 and put zero after 1
to make it double-digit.
174. 24 10
Estimating Square Root
Sometimes we have to estimate the square root of a number if it’s not possible to calculate the
exact square root.
Example
Estimate the square root of 300.
Solution:
We know that, 300 comes between 100 and 400 i.e. 100 < 300 < 400.
Now, √100 = 10 and √400 = 20.
So, we can say that
10 < √300 < 20.
We can further estimate the numbers as we know that 172 = 289 and 182 = 324.
Thus, we can say that the square root of √300 = 17 as 289 is much closer to 300 than 324.
NCERT Textbook solution

Exercise 6.1
Ex 6.1 Class 8 Maths Question 1.
What will be the unit digit of the squares of the following numbers?
(i) 81
(ii) 272
(iii) 799
(iv) 3853
(v) 1234
(vi) 20387
(vii) 52698
(viii) 99880
(ix) 12796
(x) 55555
Solution:
(i) Unit digit of 812 = 1
(ii) Unit digit of 2722 = 4
(iii) Unit digit of 7992 = 1
(iv) Unit digit of 38532 = 9
(v) Unit digit of 12342 = 6
(vi) Unit digit of 263872 = 9
(vii) Unit digit of 526982 = 4
(viii) Unit digit of 998802 = 0
(ix) Unit digit of 127962 = 6
(x) Unit digit of 555552 = 5

The following numbers are not perfect squares. Give reason.
(i) 1057
(ii) 23453
(iii) 7928
(iv) 222222
(v) 64000
(vi) 89722
(vii) 222000
(viii) 505050
Solution:
(i) 1057 ends with 7 at unit place. So it is not a perfect square number.
(ii) 23453 ends with 3 at unit place. So it is not a perfect square number.
(iii) 7928 ends with 8 at unit place. So it is not a perfect square number.
(iv) 222222 ends with 2 at unit place. So it is not a perfect square number.
(v) 64000 ends with 3 zeros. So it cannot a perfect square number.
(vi) 89722 ends with 2 at unit place. So it is not a perfect square number.
(vii) 22000 ends with 3 zeros. So it can not be a perfect square number.
(viii) 505050 ends with 1 zero. So it is not a perfect square number.
The squares of which of the following would be odd numbers?
(i) 431
(ii) 2826
(iii) 7779
(iv) 82004
Solution:
(i) 4312 is an odd number.
(ii) 28262 is an even number.
(iii) 77792 is an odd number.
(iv) 820042 is an even number.

Observe the following pattern and find the missing digits.
112 = 121
1012 = 10201
10012 = 1002001
1000012 = 1…2…1
100000012 = ………
Solution:
According to the above pattern, we have
1000012 = 10000200001
100000012 = 100000020000001

Observe the following pattern and supply the missing numbers.
112 = 121
1012 = 10201
101012 = 102030201
10101012 = ……….
……….2 = 10203040504030201
Solution:
According to the above pattern, we have
10101012 = 1020304030201
1010101012 = 10203040504030201

Using the given pattern, find the missing numbers.
12 + 22 + 22 = 32
22 + 32 + 62 = 72
32 + 42 + 122 = 132
42 + 52 + ….2 = 212
52 + ….2 + 302 = 312
62 + 72 + …..2 = ……2
Solution:
According to the given pattern, we have
42 + 52 + 202 = 212
52 + 62 + 302 = 312
62 + 72 + 422 = 432

Without adding, find the sum.
(i) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9
(ii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19
(iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23
Solution:
We know that the sum of n odd numbers = n 2
(i) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = (5)2 = 25 [∵ n = 5]
(ii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 = (10)2 = 100 [∵ n = 10]
(iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23 = (12) 2 = 144 [∵ n = 12]

(i) Express 49 as the sum of 7 odd numbers.
(ii) Express 121 as the sum of 11 odd numbers.
Solution:
(i) 49 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 (n = 7)
(ii) 121 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 (n = 11)

How many numbers lie between squares of the following numbers?
(i) 12 and 13
(ii) 25 and 26
(iii) 99 and 100.
Solution:
(i) We know that numbers between n2 and (n + 1)2 = 2n
Numbers between 122 and 132 = (2n) = 2 × 12 = 24
(ii) Numbers between 252 and 262 = 2 × 25 = 50 (∵ n = 25)
(iii) Numbers between 992 and 1002 = 2 × 99 = 198 (∵ n = 99)
Exercise 6.2

Find the square of the following numbers.
(i) 32
(ii) 35
(iii) 86
(iv) 93
(v) 71
(vi) 46
Solution:
(i) 32 = 30 + 2
(32)2 = (30 + 2)2
= 30(30 + 2) + 2(30 + 2)
= 302 + 30 × 2 + 2 × 30 + 22
= 900 + 60 + 60 + 4
= 1024
Thus (32)2 = 1024
(ii) 35 = (30 + 5)
(35)2 = (30 + 5)2
= 30(30 + 5) + 5(30 + 5)
= (30)2 + 30 × 5 + 5 × 30 + (5)2
= 900 + 150 + 150 + 25
= 1225
Thus (35)2 = 1225
(iii) 86 = (80 + 6)
862 = (80 + 6)2
= 80(80 + 6) + 6(80 + 6)
= (80)2 + 80 × 6 + 6 × 80 + (6)2
= 6400 + 480 + 480 + 36
= 7396
Thus (86)2 = 7396
(iv) 93 = (90+ 3)
932 = (90 + 3)2
= 90 (90 + 3) + 3(90 + 3)
= (90)2 + 90 × 3 + 3 × 90 + (3)2
= 8100 + 270 + 270 + 9
= 8649
Thus (93)2 = 8649
(v) 71 = (70 + 1)
712 = (70 + 1)2
= 70 (70 + 1) + 1(70 + 1)
= (70)2 + 70 × 1 + 1 × 70 + (1)2
= 4900 + 70 + 70 + 1
= 5041
Thus (71)2 = 5041
(vi) 46 = (40+ 6)
462 = (40 + 6)2
= 40 (40 + 6) + 6(40 + 6)
= (40)2 + 40 × 6 + 6 × 40 + (6)2
= 1600 + 240 + 240 + 36
= 2116
Thus (46)2 = 2116

Write a Pythagorean triplet whose one member is
(i) 6
(ii) 14
(iii) 16
(iv) 18
Solution:
(i) Let m2 – 1 = 6
[Triplets are in the form 2m, m2 – 1, m2 + 1]
m2 = 6 + 1 = 7
So, the value of m will not be an integer.
Now, let us try for m2 + 1 = 6
⇒ m2 = 6 – 1 = 5
Also, the value of m will not be an integer.
Now we let 2m = 6 ⇒ m = 3 which is an integer.
Other members are:
m2 – 1 = 32 – 1 = 8 and m2 + 1 = 32 + 1 = 10
Hence, the required triplets are 6, 8 and 10
(ii) Let m2 – 1 = 14 ⇒ m2 = 1 + 14 = 15
The value of m will not be an integer.
Now take 2m = 14 ⇒ m = 7 which is an integer.
The member of triplets are 2m = 2 × 7 = 14
m2 – 1 = (7)2 – 1 = 49 – 1 = 48
and m2 + 1 = (7)2 + 1 = 49 + 1 = 50
i.e., (14, 48, 50)
(iii) Let 2m = 16 m = 8
The required triplets are 2m = 2 × 8 = 16
m2 – 1 = (8)2 – 1 = 64 – 1 = 63
m2 + 1 = (8)2 + 1 = 64 + 1 = 65
i.e., (16, 63, 65)
(iv) Let 2m = 18 ⇒ m = 9
Required triplets are:
2m = 2 × 9 = 18
m2 – 1 = (9)2 – 1 = 81 – 1 = 80
and m2 + 1 = (9)2 + 1 = 81 + 1 = 82
i.e., (18, 80, 82)
Exercise 6.3

What could be the possible ‘one’s’ digits of the square root of each of the following
numbers?
(i) 9801
(ii) 99856
(iii) 998001
(iv) 657666025
Solution:
(i) One’s digit in the square root of 9801 maybe 1 or 9.
(ii) One’s digit in the square root of 99856 maybe 4 or 6.
(iii) One’s digit in the square root of 998001 maybe 1 or 9.
(iv) One’s digit in the square root of 657666025 can be 5.

Without doing any calculation, find the numbers which are surely not perfect squares.
(i) 153
(ii) 257
(iii) 408
(iv) 441
Solution:
We know that the numbers ending with 2, 3, 7 or 8 are not perfect squares.
(i) 153 is not a perfect square number. (ending with 3)
(ii) 257 is not a perfect square number. (ending with 7)
(iii) 408 is not a perfect square number. (ending with 8)
(iv) 441 is a perfect square number.

Find the square roots of 100 and 169 by the method of repeated subtraction.
Solution:
Using the method of repeated subtraction of consecutive odd numbers, we have
(i) 100 – 1 = 99, 99 – 3 = 96, 96 – 5 = 91, 91 – 7 = 84, 84 – 9 = 75, 75 – 11 = 64, 64 – 13
= 51, 51 – 15 = 36, 36 – 17 = 19, 19 – 19 = 0
(Ten times repetition)
Thus √100 = 10
(ii) 169 – 1 = 168, 168 – 3 = 165, 165 – 5 = 160, 160 – 7 = 153, 153 – 9 = 144, 144 – 11
= 133, 133 – 13 = 120, 120 – 15 = 105, 105 – 17 = 88, 88 – 19 = 69, 69 – 21 = 48, 48 –
23 = 25, 25 – 25 = 0
(Thirteen times repetition)
Thus √169 = 13

Find the square roots of the following numbers by the prime factorisation Method.
(i) 729
(ii) 400
(iii) 1764
(iv) 4096
(v) 7744
(vi) 9604
(vii) 5929
(viii) 9216
(ix) 529
(x) 8100
Solution:
(i) We have 729
Prime factors of 729
729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 32 × 32 × 32
√729 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27
(ii) We have 400

Prime factors of 400
400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 = 22 × 22 × 52
√400 = 2 × 2 × 5 = 20
(iii) 1764
1764 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 = 22 × 32 × 72
√1764 = 2 × 3 × 7 = 42
(iv) 4096
4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 22
√4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 64
(v) Prime factorisation of 7744 is
7744 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11
= 22 × 22 × 22 × 112
√7744 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 = 88
(vi) Prime factorisation of 9604 is

9604 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 22 × 72 × 72
√9604 = 2 × 7 × 7 = 98
(vii) Prime factorisation of 5929 is

5929 = 7 × 7 × 11 × 11 = 72 × 112
√5929 = 7 × 11 = 77
(viii) Prime factorisation of 9216 is

9216 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
= 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 32
√9216 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 96
(ix) Prime factorisation of 529 is

529 = 23 × 23 = 232
√529 = 23
(x) Prime factorisation of 8100 is

8100 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 = 22 × 32 × 32 × 52
√8100 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 90

For each of the following numbers, find the smallest whole number by which it should
be multiplied so as to get a perfect square number. Also, find the square root of the
square number so obtained.
(i) 252
(ii) 180
(iii) 1008
(iv) 2028
(v) 1458
(vi) 768
Solution:
(i) Prime factorisation of 252 is
252 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7
Here, the prime factorisation is not in pair. 7 has no pair.
Thus, 7 is the smallest whole number by which the given number is multiplied to get a
perfect square number.
The new square number is 252 × 7 = 1764
Square root of 1764 is
√1764 = 2 × 3 × 7 = 42
(ii) Primp factorisation of 180 is

180 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
Here, 5 has no pair.
New square number = 180 × 5 = 900
The square root of 900 is
√900 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
Thus, 5 is the smallest whole number by which the given number is multiplied to get a
square number.
(iii) Prime factorisation of 1008 is

1008 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7
Thus, 7 is the required number.
√7056 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 84
(iv) Prime factorisation of 2028 is

2028 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 13 × 13
Here, 3 is not in pair.
Thus, 3 is the required smallest whole number.
√6084 = 2 × 13 × 3 = 78

1458 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
Thus, 2 is the required smallest whole number.
√2916 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 = 54
768 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
Thus, 3 is the required whole number.
√2304 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 48

For each of the following numbers, find the smallest whole number by which it should
be divided so as to get a perfect square. Also, find the square root of the square number
so obtained.
(i) 252
(ii) 2925
(iii) 396
(iv) 2645
(v) 2800
(vi) 1620
Solution:
(i) Prime factorisation of 252 is
252 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7
Here 7 has no pair.
7 is the smallest whole number by which 252 is divided to get a square number.
New square number = 252 ÷ 7 = 36
Thus, √36 = 6
(ii) Prime factorisation of 2925 is
2925 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 13
13 is the smallest whole number by which 2925 is divided to get a square number.
Thus √225 = 15
(iii) Prime factorisation of 396 is

396 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11
Here 11 is not in pair.
11 is the required smallest whole number by which 396 is divided to get a square
number.
Thus √36 = 6
(iv) Prime factorisation of 2645 is

2645 = 5 × 23 × 23
5 is the required smallest whole number.
By which 2645 is multiplied to get a square number
Thus, √529 = 23
2800 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 7
7 is the required smallest number.
By which 2800 is multiplied to get a square number.
Thus √400 = 20

1620 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
5 is the required smallest prime number.
By which 1620 is multiplied to get a square number = 1620 ÷ 5 = 324
Thus √324 = 18

The students of class VIII of a school donated ₹ 2401 in all, for Prime Minister’s
National Relief Fund. Each student donated as many rupees as the number of students
in the class. Find the number of students in the class.
Solution:
Total amount of money donated = ₹ 2401
Total number of students in the class = √2401
= 72×72−−−−−−√
= 7×7×7×7−−−−−−−−−−√
=7×7
= 49

2025 plants are to be planted in a garden in such a way that each row contains as many
plants as the number of rows. Find the number of rows and the number of plants in
each row.
Solution:
Total number of rows = Total number of plants in each row = √2025
= 3×3×3×3×5×5−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√
= 32×32×52−−−−−−−−−−√
=3×3×5
= 45
Thus the number of rows and plants = 45

Find the smallest square number that is divisible by each of the numbers 4, 9 and 10.
Solution:
LCM of 4, 9, 10 = 180
The least number divisible by 4, 9 and 10 = 180
Now prime factorisation of 180 is
180 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
The required smallest square number = 180 × 5 = 900
Find the smallest number that is divisible by each of the numbers 8, 15 and 20.
Solution:
The smallest number divisible by 8, 15 and 20 is equal to their LCM.
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120
Here, 2, 3 and 5 have no pair.
The required smallest square number = 120 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120 × 30 = 3600
Exercise 6.4

Find the square root of each of the following numbers by Long Division method.
(i) 2304
(ii) 4489
(iii) 3481
(iv) 529
(v) 3249
(vi) 1369
(vii) 5776
(viii) 7921
(ix) 576
(x) 1024
(xi) 3136
(xii) 900
Solution:
Find the number of digits in the square root of each of the following numbers (without
any calculation)
(i) 64
(ii) 144
(iii) 4489
(iv) 27225
(v) 390625
Solution:
We know that if n is number of digits in a square number then
Number of digits in the square root = n2 if n is even and n+12 if n is odd.
(i) 64
Here n = 2 (even)
Number of digits in √64 = 22 = 1
(ii) 144
Here n = 3 (odd)
Number of digits in square root = 3+12 = 2
(iii) 4489
Here n = 4 (even)
Number of digits in square root = 42 = 2
(iv) 27225
Here n = 5 (odd)
Number of digits in square root = 5+12 = 3
(iv) 390625
Here n = 6 (even)
Number of digits in square root = 62 = 3
Find the square root of the following decimal numbers.
(i) 2.56
(ii) 7.29
(iii) 51.84
(iv) 42.25
(v) 31.36
Solution:
Find the least number which must be subtracted from each of the following numbers so
as to get a perfect square. Also find the square root of the perfect square so obtained.
(i) 402
(ii) 1989
(iii) 3250
(iv) 825
(v) 4000
Solution:
(i)
Here remainder is 2
2 is the least required number to be subtracted from 402 to get a perfect square
New number = 402 – 2 = 400
Thus, √400 = 20
(ii)
Here remainder is 53
53 is the least required number to be subtracted from 1989.
New number = 1989 – 53 = 1936
Thus, √1936 = 44
(iii)
Here remainder is 1
1 is the least required number to be subtracted from 3250 to get a perfect square.
New number = 3250 – 1 = 3249
Thus, √3249 = 57
(iv)
Here, the remainder is 41

41 is the least required number which can be subtracted from 825 to get a perfect
square.
New number = 825 – 41 = 784
Thus, √784 = 28
(v)
Here, the remainder is 31

31 is the least required number which should be subtracted from 4000 to get a perfect
square.
New number = 4000 – 31 = 3969
Thus, √3969 = 63

Find the least number which must be added to each of the following numbers so as to
get a perfect square. Also, find the square root of the perfect square so obtained.
(i) 525
(ii) 1750
(iii) 252
(iv) 1825
(v) 6412
Solution:
(i)
Here remainder is 41
It represents that square of 22 is less than 525.
Next number is 23 an 232 = 529
Hence, the number to be added = 529 – 525 = 4
New number = 529
Thus, √529 = 23
(ii)
Here the remainder is 69

It represents that square of 41 is less than in 1750.
The next number is 42 and 422 = 1764
Hence, number to be added to 1750 = 1764 – 1750 = 14
Require perfect square = 1764
√1764 = 42
(iii)
Here the remainder is 27.

It represents that a square of 15 is less than 252.
New number = 252 + 4 = 256
Required perfect square = 256
and √256 = 16
(iv)
The remainder is 61.

It represents that square of 42 is less than in 1825.
Next number is 43 and 432 = 1849
The required perfect square is 1848 and √1849 =43
(v)
Here, the remainder is 12.

It represents that a square of 80 is less than in 6412.
Hence the number to be added = 6561 – 6412 = 149
The require perfect square is 6561 and √6561 = 81

Find the length of the side of a square whose area = 441 m 2
Solution:
Let the length of the side of the square be x m.
Area of the square = (side)2 = x2 m2
x2 = 441 ⇒ x = √441 = 21
Thus, x = 21 m.
Hence the length of the side of square = 21 m.

In a right triangle ABC, ∠B = 90°.
(a) If AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm, find AC
(b) If AC = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm, find AB
Solution:
(a) In right triangle ABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [By Pythagoras Theorem]

⇒ AC2 = (6)2 + (8)2 = 36 + 64 = 100
⇒ AC = √100 = 10
Thus, AC = 10 cm.
(b) In right triangle ABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [By Pythagoras Theorem]

⇒ (13)2 = AB2 + (5)2
⇒ 169 = AB2 + 25
⇒ 169 – 25 = AB2
⇒ 144 = AB2
AB = √144 = 12 cm
Thus, AB = 12 cm.

A gardener has 1000 plants. He wants to plant these in such a way that the number of
rows and the number of columns remain the same. Find the minimum number of plants
he needs more for this.
Solution:
Let the number of rows be x.
And the number of columns also be x.
Total number of plants = x × x = x2
x2 = 1000 ⇒ x = √1000

So the square of 31 is less than 1000.
Next number is 32 and 322 = 1024
Hence the number to be added = 1024 – 1000 = 24
Thus the minimum number of plants required by him = 24.
Alternative method:
The minimum number of plants required by him = 24.

There are 500 children in a school. For a P.T. drill, they have to stand in such a manner
that the number of rows is equal to the number of columns. How many children would
be left out in this arrangement?
Solution:
Let the number of children in a row be x. And also that of in a column be x.
Total number of students = x × x = x2
x2 = 500 ⇒ x = √500
New Number 500 – 16 = 484
and, √484 = 22
Thus, 16 students will be left out in this arrangement.
NCERT EXEMPLAR (Ch 3)
Multiple Choice Questions

Question1 196 is the square of
(a) 11 (b) 12
(c) 14 (d) 16
Solution.
(c) Square of 11 = 11 x 11 = 121
Square of 12 = 12 x 12 = 144
Square of 14 = 14 x 14 = 196
Clearly, 196 is the square of 14
Question 2 Which of the following is a square of an even number?

(a) 144 (b) 169
(c) 441 (d) 625
Solution.
Thus, 144 is a square of an even number.

Alternate Method
We know that, square of an even number is always an even number. Hence, 169, 441
and 625 are not even numbers. So, only 144 is an even number, which is the square of
12.
Question 3 A number ending in 9 will have the unit’s place of its square as
(a) 3 (b) 9
(c) 1 (d) 6
Solution.
Question 4 Which of the following will have 4 at the unit’s place?

(a) 142 (b) 622 (c) 272 (d)352
Solution.
Question 5 How many natural numbers lie between 52 and 62?

(a) 9 (b) 10 (c)11 (d) 12
Solution. (b) The natural numbers lying between 52 and 62, i.e. between 25 and 36 are
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,32, 33, 34 and 35.
Hence, 10 natural numbers lie between 52 and 62.
Question 6 Which of the following cannot be a perfect square?

(a) 841 (b) 529 (c) 198 (d) All of these
Solution.(c) We know that, a number ending with digits 2, 3, 7 or 8 can never be a
perfect square. So, 198 cannot be written in the form of a perfect square.
Question 7 The one’s digit of the cube of 23 is

(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 9
Solution. (b) We know that, the cubes of the numbers ending with digits 3 and 7, have 7
and 3 at one’s digit, respectively.
So, the one’s digit of the cube of 23 is 7.
Question 8 A square board has an area of 144 sq units. How long is each side of the
board?
(a) 11 units (b) 12 units (c) 13 units (d) 14 units
Solution.
Question 9
Solution.
Question 10 If one member of a Pythagorean triplet is 2m, then the other two
members are
Solution.
Question 11 The sum of successive odd numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 is

(a) 61 (b) 64 (c) 49 (d) 36
Solution. (b) We know that, the sum of first n odd natural numbers is n2.
Given odd numbers are 1,3, 5, 7, 9,11,13 and 15.
So, number of odd numbers, n = 8
The sum of given odd numbers =n2 = (8)2 = 64
Question 12 The sum of first n odd natural numbers is

(a) 2n +1 (b) n2 (c) n2 –1 (d) n2 +1
Solution.
Question 13 Which of the following numbers is a perfect cube?

(a) 243 (b) 216 (c) 392 (d) 8640
Solution.(b) For option (a) We have, 243
Resolving 243 into prime factors, we have
243= 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3
Grouping the factors in triplets of equal factors, we get
243 = (3 x 3 x 3) x 3 x 3
Clearly, in grouping, the factors in triplets of equal factors, we are left with two factors 3
x 3.
Therefore, 243 is not a perfect cube.
For option (b) We have, 216 Resolving 216 into prime factqrs, we have
216 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3
Grouping the factors in triplets of equal factors, we get 216 = (2 x 2 x 2) x (3 x 3 x 3)
Clearly, in grouping, the factors of triplets of equal factors, no factor is left over.
So, 216 is a perfect cube.
For option (c) We have, 392
Resolving 392 into prime factors, we get
392 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 x 7
392 = (2 x 2 x 2) x 7 x 7
Clearly, in grouping, the factors in triplets of equal factors, we are left with two factors 7
x 7.
Therefore, 392 is not a perfect cube.
For option (d) We have, 8640
8640=2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 5
8640 = (2 x 2 x 2) x (2 x 2 x 2) x (3 x 3 x 3) x 5
Clearly, in grouping, the factors in triplets of equal factors, we are left with one factor 5.
Therefore, 8640 in not a perfect cube.
After solving, it is clear that option (b) is correct.
Question 14 The hypotenuse of a right angled triangle with its legs of lengths 3x x 4x
is
(a) 5X (b )7x (c) 16x (d) 25x
Solution.
Question 15 The next two numbers in the number pattern 1, 4, 9,16, 25,… are
(a) 35, 48 (b) 36, 49 (c) 36, 48 (d) 35, 49
Solution. (b) We have, 1,4, 9,16, 25, ….
The number pattern can be written as (1)2, (2)2, (3)2, (4)2, (5)2
Hence, the next two numbers are (6)2 and (7)2, i.e. 36 and 49.
Question 16 Which among 432 , 672 , 522 , 592 would end with digit 1?
(a) 432 (b)672 (c)522 (d)592
Solution.
Question 17 A perfect square can never have the following digit in its one’s place.
(a) 1 (b) 8 (c) 0 (d) 6
Solution.
(b) We know that, a number ending with digits 2, 3, 7 or 8 can never be a perfect square.
Clearly, a perfect square can never have the digit 8 in its one’s place.
Question 18 Which of the following numbers is not a perfect cube?

(a) 216 (b) 567 (c) 125 (d) 343
Solution.
(b) 216=6 x 6 x 6, 567 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 7
125 = 5 x 5 x 5, 343 = 7 x 7 x 7
Clearly, 567 is not a perfect cube, because in grouping, the factors in triplets of equal
factors, we are left with two factors 3 x 7.
Question 19
Solution.
Question 20
Solution.
Question 21 A perfect square number having n digits, where n is even, will have
square root with
Solution. (b) A perfect square number having n digits, where n is even, will have square
root with n/2 digit.
Question 22
solution.
Question 23
Solution.
Question 24
Solution.
Fill in the Blanks

In questions 25 to 48, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.
Question 25 There are________perfect squares between 1 and 100.

Solution.8
There are 8 perfect squares between 1 and 100, i.e. 4, 9,16, 25, 36, 49, 64 and 81.
Question 26 There are________ perfect cubes between 1 and 1000.

Solution.8
There are 8 perfect cubes between 1 and 1000, i.e. 8, 27,64,125, 216, 343 and 729.
Question 27 The unit’s digit in the square of 1294 is________

Solution. 6
We know that, the unit’s digit of the square of a number having digit .at unit’s place as 4
or 6 is 6.
Hence, the units digit in the square of 1294 is 6 as 4 x 4 = 16.
Question 28 The square of 500 will have zeroes.
Solution. four
The square of 500 = (500)2
= 500 x 500 = 250000
Hence, the square of 500 will have four zeroes.
Question 29 There are natural numbers between n2 and (n + l)2

Solution.
Question 30 The square root of 24025 will have________digits.

Solution.
Question 31 The square of 5.5 is________

Solution. 30.25
Square of 5.5= (5.5)2 = 55 x 5.5= 30.25
Question 32 The square root of 5.3 x 5.3 is________

Solution.
Question 33 The cube of 100 will havfe________zeroes.

Solution. 6
Cubeof100 = 1003
= 100x100x100 = 1000000
Question 34 1m2 =________ cm2.
Solution.
Question 351m3 =________ cm3.

Solution.
Question 36 One’s digit in the cube of 38 is________

Solution.
Question 37 The square of 0.7 is________

Solution.0.49
Square of 0.7 = (0.7)2 = 07 x 07 = 0.49
Question 38 The sum of first six odd natural numbers is________

Solution.
Question 39 The digit at the one’s place of 572 is________

Solution.
Question 40 The sides of a right angled triangle whose hypotenuse is 17cm,

are________and________
Solution.
As, hypotenuse of right angled triangle is 17 cm.
Question 41
Solution.
Question 42 (1.2)3=________
Solution.
Question 43 The cube of an odd number is always an________number.

Solution.odd
We know that, the cubes of all odd natural numbers are odd.
Question 44 The cube root of a number x is denoted by________

Solution.
Question 45 The least number by which 125 be multiplied to make it a perfect square,
is________
Solution.
Question 46 The least number by which 72 be multiplied to make it a perfect cube,

is________
Solution. 3
72=2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
72 = (2 x 2 x 2) x 3 x 3
We find that 2 occurs as a prime factor of 72 thrice, but 3 occurs as a prime factor only
twice. Thus, if we multiply 72 by 3, 3 will also occurs as a prime factor thrice and the
product will be 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3, which is a perfect cube.
Hence, the least number, which should be multiplied with 72 to get perfect cube, is 3.
Question 47 The least number by which 72 be divided to make it a perfect cube,

is________
Solution. 9
72=2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
72 = (2 x 2 x 2) x 3 x 3
Clearly, if we divide 72 by 3 x 3, the quotient would be 2 x 2 x 2, which is a perfect cube.
Hence, the least number by which 72 be divided to make it, a perfect cube, is 9.
Question 48 Cube of a number ending in 7 will end in the digit________

Solution 3
We know that, the cubes of the numbers ending in digits 3 or 7 ends in digits 7 or 3,
respectively.
i.e 7 x 7 x 7 = 343
Hence, the cube of a number ending in 7 will end in the digit 3.
True/False
In questions 49 to 86, state whether the statements are True or False.
Question 49 The square of 86 will have 6 at the unit’s place.
Solution True
We know that, the unit’s digit of the square of a number having digit at unit’s place as 4
or 6 is 6.
Question 50 The sum of two perfect squares is a perfect square.

Solution False
e.g. 16 and 25 are the perfect squares, but 16 + 25 = 41 is not a perfect square.
Question 51 The product of twtfperfect squares is a perfect square.

Solution True
e.g. If 4 and 25 are the perfect square, then 4 x 25 = 100 is also a perfect square.
Clearly, the product of two perfect squares is a perfect square.
Question 52 There is no square number between 50 and 60.

Solution True
Numbers between 50 and 60 are 51,52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 and 59.
We observed that there is no square number between 50 and 60.
Question 53 The square root of 1521 is 31.

Solution Falsie %
As, the square of 31 = (31)2 = 31 x 31 = 961
Question 54 Each prime factor appears 3 times in its cube.

Solution True
If a3 is the cube and m is one of the prime factors of a. Then, m appears three times in
a3.
Question 55 The square of 2.8 is 78.4.

Solution False
The square of 2.8 = (2.8)2 = 2.8×2.8 = 7.84
Question 56 The cube of 0.4 is 0.064.

Solution True
Cube of 0.4 = (0.4)2 = 0.4 x 0.4 x 0.4 = 0.064
Question 57 The square root of 0.9 is 0.3.

Solution False
As, the square of 0.3 = (0.3)2 = 0.3 x 0.3 =0.09
Question 58 The square of every natural number is always greater than the number
itself.
Solution False
1 is a natural number and square of 1 is not greater than 1.
Question 59 The cube root of 8000 is 200.

Solution
Question60 There are five perfect cubes between 1 and 100.

Solution False
There are eight perfect cubes between 1 and 100, i.e. 8,27,64,125,216,343,512 and 729.
Question 61 There are 200 natural numbers between 100 2 and 1012.
Solution.
Question 62 The sum of first n odd natural numbers is n 2.

Solution.
Question 63 1000 is a perfect square.

Solution False
1000 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 2 2 x 52x 2 x 5 Clearly, it is not a perfect square, because it
has two unpaired factors 2 and 5.
Question 64 A perfect square can have 8 as its unit’s digit.

Solution False
A perfect square can never have 8 as its unit’s digit.
Question65
Solution
Question 66 All numbers of a Pythagorean triplet are odd.

Solution False
3, 4 and 5 are the numbers of Pythagorean triplet as 52 = 4 2 + 3 2 where, 4 is not an odd
number.
Question 67 For an integer a, a3 is always greater than a2.

Solution
Qustion68
Solution
Question 69 Let x and y be natural numbers. If x divides y, then x3 divides y3.
Solution.
Question 70 If a2 ends in 5, then a3 ends in 25:

Solution.
Question 71 If a2 ends in 9, thena3 ends in 7.

Solution
Question72
Solution.
Question 73 Square root of a number x is denoted by 4x.
Solution True
Square root of a number x is denoted by 4x.
Question 74 A number having 7 at its one’s place will have 3 at the unit’s place of its
square.
Solution False
Square of 7 = 7 x 7 = 49
Square of 17 = 17 x 17 = 289
Square of 27 = 27 x 27 = 729
and so on.
Question 75 A number having 7 at its one’s place will have 3 at the one’s place of its
cube.
Solution True
Cube of 7 = 7 x 7 x 7 =343
Cube of 17 = 17 x 17 x 17=4913
Cube of 27 = 27 x 27 x 27 = 19683
and so on.
Question 76 The cube of a one-digit number cannot be a two-digit number.

Solution
Question 77 Cube of an even number is odd.

Solution. False
We know that, the cube of an even number is always an even number,
e.g. 2 is an even number. Then, 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8
Clearly, 8 is also an even number.
Question 78 Cube of an odd number is even.

Solution. False
We know that, the cube of an odd number is always an odd number,
e.g. 3 is an odd number. Then, 33 = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27
Clearly, 27 is not an even number.
Question 79 Cube of an even number is even.

Solution. True
We know that, the cube of an even number is always an even number,
e.g. 4 is an even number. Then, 43 = 4 x 4 x 4 = 64
Clearly, 64 is also an even number.
Question 80 Cube of an odd number is odd.
Solution. True
We know that, the cube of an odd number is always an odd number,
e.g. 9 is an odd number.
Then,93 =9 x 9 x 9 = 729
Clearly, 729 is also an odd number.
Question 81 999 is a perfect cube.

Solution.
Question 82 363 x 81 is a perfect cube.

Solution.
Question 83 Cube roots of 8 are + 2 and – 2 .

Sol. False
Cube root of 8 is 2 only and cube root of – 8 is – 2.
Question 84
Solution.
Question 85 There is no cube root of a negative integer.

Solution.
Question 86 Square of a number is positive, so the cube of positive.

Solution.
Question 87 Write the first five square numbers.

Solution. First five square numbers are 12,22, 32, 42 and 52, i.e. 1, 4, 9,16and 25.
Question 88 Write cubes of first three multiples of 3.

Solution. Since, the first three multiples of 3 are 3, 6 and 9.
Hence, the cubes of first three multiples of 3 are (3)3, (6)3 and (9)3, i.e. 27, 216 and 729.
Question 89 Show that 500 is not a perfect square.
Solution.
Question 90 Express 81 as the sum of first nine consecutive odd numbers.

Solution. 81= (9)2 =1+3+ 5+ 7 + 9+ 11 + 13+ 15+ 17 = Sum of first nine consecutive odd
numbers
Question 91 Using prime factorisation, find which of the following are perfect squares.
(a) 484 (b) 11250
(c) 841 (d) 729 .
Solution.
So, 484 is a perfect square.

(b) Prime factors of 11250 = 2 x (3 x 3) x (5 x 5) x (5 x 5)
As grouping, 2 has no pair.
So, 11250 is not a perfect square,
(c) Prime factors of 841 = (29 x 29)
As grouping, there is no unpaired factor left over. So, 841 is a perfect square.
(d) Prime factors of 729 = (3 x 3) x (3 x 3) x (3 x 3)
As grouping, there is no unpaired factor left over.
So, 729 is a perfect square.
Question 92 Using prime factorisatioji, find which of the following are perfect cubes,
(a) 128 (b) 343 (c) 729 (d) 1331
Solution.(a) We have, 128 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
Since, 2 remains after grouping in triplets.
So, 128 is not a perfect cube.
(b) We have, 343 = 7 x 7 x 7
Since, the prime factors appear in triplets.
(c) We have, 729 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x3
(d) We have, 1331 =11x11x11
Question 93 Using distributive law, find the squares of (a) 101 (b) 72
Solution. (a) We have, 1012 = 101 x 101
= 101(100+ 1)= 10100+ 101 = 10201
(b) We have, 722 = 72 x 72 = 72 x (70 + 2)
= 5040+ 144= 5184
Question 94 Can a right angled triangle with sides 6cm, 10cm and 8cm be formed?
Give reason.
Solution.
Question 95 Write the Pythagorean triplet whose one of the numbers is 4.

Solution.
Question 96 Using prime factorisation, find the square roots of (a) 11025 (b) 4761
Solution.
Question 97 Using prime factorisation, find the cube roots of

(a) 512
(b) 2197
Solution.
Question 98 Is 176 a perfect square? If not;- find the smallest number by which it
should be multiplied to get a perfect square.
Solution.
Question 99 Is 9720 a perfect cube? If not, find the smallest number by which it should
be divided to get a perfect cube.
Solution.Prime factors of 9720 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x5

The prime factors 3 and 5 do not appear in group of triplets.
So, 9720 is not a perfect cube.
If we divide the number by 3 x 3 x 5, then the prime factorisation of the quotient will not
contain 3 x 3 x 5 = 45.
Question 100 Write two Pythagorean triplets, each having one of the numbers as 5.
Solution.
Question 101 By what smallest number should 216 be divided, so that the quotient
is’ a perfect square? Also, find the square root of the quotient.
Solution.
Question 102 By what smallest number should 3600 be multiplied, so that the quotient
is a perfect cube. Also, find the cube root of the quotient.
Solution. Prime factors of 3600 = 2x2x2x2x3x3x5x5
Grouping the factors into triplets of equal factors, we get
Question 103 Find the square root of the following by long division method.
(a) 1369 (b) 5625
Solution.
Question 104 Find the square root of the following by long division method. : (a) 27.04
(b) 1.44
Solution.
Question 105 What is the least number, that should be subtracted from 1385 to get a
perfect square? Also, find the square root of the perfect square.
Solution.
Question 106 What is the least number that should be added to 6200 to make it a
perfect square?
Solution.
Question 107 Find the least number of four digits that is a perfect square.
Solution.
Question 108 Find the greatest^umber of three digits that is a perfect square.
Solution.
Question 109 Find the least square, number, which is exactly divisible by 3, 4, 5, 6 and
8.
Solution.
Question 110 Find the length of the side of a square, if the length of its diagonal is 10
cm.
Solution.
Question 111 A decimal number is multiplied by itself. If the product is 51.84, then
find the number.
Solution.
Question 112 Find the decimal fraction, which when multiplied by itself, gives 84.64.
Solution.
Question 113 A farmer wants to plough his square field of side 150m. How much area
will he have to plough?
Solution.
Question 114 What will be the number of unit squares on each side of a square graph
paper, if the total number of unit squares is 256?
Solution.
Question 115 If one side of a cube is 15m in Length, then find its volume.
Solution.
Question 116 The dimensions of a rectangular field are 80m and 18m. Find the length
of its diagonal.
Solution.
Question 117 Find the area of a square field, if its perimeter is 96 m.

Solution.
Question 118 Find the length of each side of a cube, if its volume is 512 cm3.
Solution.
Question 119 Three numbers are in the ratio 1:2:3 and the sum of their cubes is 4500.
Find the numbers.
Solution.
Question 120 How many square metres of carpet will be required for a square room of
side 6.5m to be carpeted?
Solution.
Question 121 Find the side of a square, whose area is equal to the area of a rectangle
with sides 6.4m and 2.5m.
Solution.
Question 122 Difference of two perfect cubes is” 189. If the cube root of the smaller of
the two numbers is 3, then find the cube root of the larger number.
Solution.
Question 123 Find the number of plants in each row, if 1024 plants are arranged, so
that number of plants in a row is the same as the number of rows.
Solution.
Question 124 A hall has a capacity of 2704 seats. If the number of rows is equal to the
number of seats in each row, then find the number of seats in each row.
Solution.
Question 125 A General wishes to draw up his 7500 soldiers in the form of a square.
After arranging, he found out that some of them are left out. How many soldiers were
left out?
Solution.
Question 126 8649 students were sitting in a lecture room in such a manner that there
were as many students in the row as there were rows in the lecture room. How many
students were there in each row of the lecture room?
Solution.
Question 127 Rahul walks 12m North from his house and turns West to walk 35m to
reach his friend’s house. While returning, he walks diagonally from his friend’s house
to reach back to his house. What distance did he walk, while returning?
Solution.
Question 128 A 5.5m long ladder is leaned against a wall. The ladder reaches the wall
to a height of 4.4m. Find^the distance between the wall and the foot of the ladder.
Solution.
Question 129 A king wanted to reward his advisor, a wiseman of the kingdom. So, he
asked the wiseman to name his own reward. The wiseman thanked the king, but said
that he would ask only for some gold coins each day for a month. The coins were to be
counted out in a pattern of one coin for the first day, 3 coins for the second day, 5
coins for the third day and so on for 30 days. Without making calculations, find how
many coins will the advisor get in that month?
Solution.
Question 130 Find three numbers in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5, the sum of whose squares is
608.
Solution.
Question 131 Find the smallest square number divisible by each of the numbers 8, 9
and 10.
Solution.
Question 132
Solution.
Question 133 Find the square root of 324 by the method of repeated subtraction.
Solution.
Question 134 Three numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. The sum of their cubes is
0.334125. Find the numbers.
Solution.
Question 135
Solution.
Question 136
Solution.
Question137
Solution.
Question 138
A perfect square number has four digits, none of which is zero. The- digits from left to
right have valfles, that are even, even, odd, even. Find the number.
Solution.
Suppose abed is a perfect square.
where, a = even number
b = even number
c = odd number
d = even number
Hence, 8836 is one of the number which satisfies the given condition.
Question 139 Put three different numbers in the circles, so that when you add the
numbers at the end of each line, you always get a perfect square.
Solution.
Question 140 The perimeters of two squares are 40m and 96m, respectively. Find the
perimeter of another square equal in area to the sum of the first two squares.
Solution.
Question 141 A three-digit perfect square is such that, if it is viewed upside down, the
number seen is also a perfect square. What is the number?
[Hint The digits 1, 0 and 8 stay the same when viewed upside down, whereas 9
becomes 6 and 6 becomes 9]
Solution. Three-digit perfect squares are 196 and 961, which looks same when viewed
upside down.
Question 142 13 and 31 is a strange pair of numbers, such that their squares 169 and
961 are also mirror of each other. Can yqu find two other such pairs?
Solution.

Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots

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Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots

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Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots

Such types of numbers are also known as Perfect Squares.

Properties of Square Numbers

Number Square Number

Number Square Number

Number Square number

Some More Interesting Patterns

2. Numbers between Square Numbers

There must be 10 numbers between 25 and 36.

3. Adding Odd Numbers

4. A Sum of Consecutive Natural Numbers

Likewise, you can check for other numbers like

21 × 23 = (20 - 1) × (20 + 1) = 202 - 1

Finding the Square of a Number

If number is ‘x’ then x = (p + q) and x2 = (p + q)2

532 = (50 + 3)2

= 2500 + 150 + 150 + 9

1. Other pattern for the number ending with 5

The square root of 100 could be 10 or -10.

Symbol of Positive Square Root

Finding Square Root

Thus, √729 = 27.

Square Roots of Decimals

Thus, √7.29 = 2.7

10 < √300 < 20.

NCERT Textbook solution

Ex 6.1 Class 8 Maths Question 2.

Ex 6.1 Class 8 Maths Question 4.

Ex 6.1 Class 8 Maths Question 5.

Ex 6.1 Class 8 Maths Question 6.

Ex 6.1 Class 8 Maths Question 7.

Ex 6.1 Class 8 Maths Question 8.

Ex 6.1 Class 8 Maths Question 9.

Ex 6.2 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

Ex 6.2 Class 8 Maths Question 2.

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 2.

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 3.

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 4.

(ii) We have 400

(vi) Prime factorisation of 9604 is

(vii) Prime factorisation of 5929 is

(viii) Prime factorisation of 9216 is

(ix) Prime factorisation of 529 is

(x) Prime factorisation of 8100 is

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 5.

(ii) Primp factorisation of 180 is

(iii) Prime factorisation of 1008 is

(iv) Prime factorisation of 2028 is

(v) Prime factorisation of 1458 is

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 6.

(iii) Prime factorisation of 396 is

(iv) Prime factorisation of 2645 is

(vi) Prime factorisation of 1620 is

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 7.

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 8.

Ex 6.3 Class 8 Maths Question 9.

Ex 6.4 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

Here, the remainder is 41

Here, the remainder is 31

Ex 6.4 Class 8 Maths Question 5.

Here the remainder is 69

Here the remainder is 27.