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Topography of odisha

by prabhu sir
Odia Pathasala
 Topography of odisha
Location
Odisha is one of the States of India.It is located between
the parallels of 17.49'N and 22.34'N latitudes and meridians
of 81.27'E and 87.29'E longitudes. It is bounded by the Bay
of Bengal on the east; Madhya Pradesh on the west and
Andhra Pradesh on the south. It has a coast line of about
450 kms. It extends over an area of 155,707 square kms.
Accounting about 4.87 of the total area of India. According
to the 1991 census, it has a total population of 31,512,070
(3.73 percent of the total population of India) out of which
about 16,237,000 are male and 15,275,070 are female.
Relife
On the basis of homogeneity, continuity and physiographic
characteristics, Odisha has been divided into five major
morphological regions : the Odisha Coastal Plain in the
east, the Middle Mountainous and Highlands Region, the
Central plateaus, the western rolling uplands and the
major flood plains.

The Odisha Coastal Plains

The Odisha Coastal Plains are the depositional landforms
of recent origin and geological belong to the Post-Tertiary
Period. The 75 meter contour line delimits their western
boundary and differentiates them from the Middle
Mountainous Region

Odia Pathasala
 Topography of odisha
his region stretches from the West Bengal border, i.e. from
the River Subarnarekha in the north to the River
Rushikulya in the south.

This region is the combination of several deltas of varied

sizes and shapes formed by the major rivers of Odisha,
such as the Subarnarekha, the Budhabalanga, the
Baitarani, the Brahmani, the Mahanadi, and the
Rushikulya. Therefore, the coastal plain of Odisha is called
the "Hexadeltaic region" or the "Gift of Six Rivers". It
stretches along the coast of the Bay of Bengal having the
maximum width in the Middle Coastal Plain (the Mahanadi
Delta), narrow in the Northern Coastal Plain (Balasore
Plain) and narrowest in the Southern Coastal Plain (
Ganjam Plain). The North Coastal Plain comprises the
deltas of the Subarnarekha and the Budhabalanga rivers
and bears evidences of marine transgressions. The Middle
Coastal Plain comprises the compound deltas of the
Baitarani, Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers and bears
evidences of past 'back bays' and present lakes. The South
Coastal Plain comprises the lacustrine plain of Chilika lake
and the smaller delta of the Rushikulya River.

The Middle Mountainous And Highlands Region

The region covers about three-fourth of the entire State.
Geologically it is a part of the Indian Peninsula which as a

Odia Pathasala
 Topography of odisha
part of the ancient landmass of the Gondwanaland.The
major rivers of Odishawith their tributaries have cut deep
and narrow valleys. This region mostly comprises the hills
and mountains of the Eastern Ghats which rise abruptly
and steeply in the east and slope gently to a dissected
plateau in the west running from north-east (Mayurbhanj)
to north-west (Malkangirig). This region is well marked by
a number of interfluves or watersheds. The Eastern Ghats
is interrupted by a number of broad and narrow river
valleys and flood plains. The average weight of this region
is about 900 meters above the mean seal level.

The Central Plateaus

The plateaus are mostly eroded plateaus forming the
western slopes of the Eastern Ghats with elevation varying
from 305-610 meters. There are two broad plateaus in
Odisha : (i) the Panposh - Keonjhar -Pallahara plateau
comprises the Upper Baitarani catchment basin, and (ii)
the Nabrangpur - Jeypore plateau comprises the Sabari
basin.

The Western Rolling Uplands

These are lower in elevation than the plateaus having
heights varying from 153 meters to 305

Odia Pathasala
Topography of odisha

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