Trung tâm Luyện thi Amax 一 39 LK 6A Làng Việt Kiều Châu

Âu
BÀI 2. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
I. Common conditional sentences: Ba loại câu điều kiện phổ biến
Conditional sentences type 1 (real condition) — Câu điều kiện có thực: Kết quả có thể
được thực hiện ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai khi điều kiện ứng nghiệm (xảy ra).
r will 1
If - S 一 V(simple present), S - Y shall 一 V (bare infinitives)
can
L may」
e.g. If I have the money, I will buy a new car.
If you try more, you will improve your English.
We will have plenty of time to finish the project before dinner if the weather
stays fine.
Unless he tries harder, he will fail the exam.
(if he doesn't try harder, he will fail)

Conditional sentences type 2 (unreal present condition) 一 Câu điều kiện không có thực
ở hiện tại: Kết quả không thể được thực hiện ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai bởi điều kiện chỉ là
giả định (không thể xảy ra).
would
If - S 一 V(simple past) , S - might - V
I were ................................. n should
-
e.g. If I had enough money now, I would buy this house.
(but now I don't have enough money)
If I had the time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
(but I don't have the time, and I'm not going to the beach with you) He
would tell you about it if he were here.
(he won't tell you about it, because he is not here)
If he didn't speak so quickly, you could understand him.
(in fact, he speaks very quickly, so you can't understand him)
Note. Động từ to be được chia là were với mọi chủ ngữ.
e.g. If I were you, I wouldn't do such a thing.
(but I'm not you)
If it were not so bad, we could go swimming.
(in fact, the weather is bad and we can't go swimming)
She would marry him if she were you.
(she doesn't marry him because she and you are different people)

Fanpage :
https://www.facebook.com/luyenthiamax/
 Trung tâm Luyện thi Amax 一 39 LK 6A Làng Việt Kiều Châu
Âu
Conditional sentences type 3 (unreal past condition) — Câu điều kiện không có thực ở
quá khứ: Kết quả không thể được thực hiện trong quá khứ bởi điều kiện chỉ là giả định
(không thể xảy ra).
Í would
ould - have - past participles could
_ might」
e.g. f' we hadn't lost the wav we could have been here in time.
(but in fact we lost the way, so we were late)
If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
(We didn't know that you were there, so we didn't write you a letter) She
would have sold the house if she had found the right — buyer.
(She didn't sell the house because she didn't find the right buyer) If we
hadn't lost the way, we would have arrived sooner.
(We lost our way, and we didn't arrive early)

More conditional sentence forms: Một số loại câu điều kiện đặc biệt
For a habit: Mẫu câu dùng để chỉ một thói quen của một chủ thể nào đó ta thực
hiện theo mẫu câu sau:
If - s — V(simple present) - s — V(simple present)
e.g. If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in
the afternoon
John usually walks to school if he has enough time.

For a command: Mẫu câu dùng để chỉ một mệnh lệnh, sai khiến hay sự nhờ vả
ta thực hiện theo mẫu câu sau:
If - s - V(simple present), command form*
e.g. If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter for me.
Please call me if you hear from Jane.
If she comes, call me.
(Maybe she is coming or she has promised to come) If the weather stays
fine, we can arrive on time.
(The weather is now fine and there's no sign of the bad changes)

For a suggestion: Với lời đề nghị, khuyên răn.

e.g. If she comes, you should call me.
(I suggest calling me when she comes)

Fanpage :
https://www.facebook.com/luyenthiamax/
 Trung tâm Luyện thi Amax 一 39 LK 6A Làng Việt Kiều Châu
Âu
You,d better cancel the project if it is possible. (It's best for you to cancel the
project)

For a present subjunctive cases but past unfulfilled result. Với giả định hiện tại mà
kết quả không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ. Điều giả định này luôn đúng ở hiện tại.

would
If - S - _V(simple past), S - ,should k have - past participles could
were -might 一

e.g. If I were you, I would have agreed with him yesterday. (The action hadn't been
done in the past but the subjunctive case is at present. Mãi mãi tôi vẫn không thể là cậu
được, đây là thực tế nên không cần chuyển điều kiện về quá khứ hoàn thành)
She would have been at the school if she didn't appear in the park now.
She might have had chance to be successful if she were now in a higher
position.
If he had a car now, he could have worked overtime much before.

For a past subjunctive cases but present unfulfilled result. Với giả định quá khứ
mà kết quả không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại. Điều giả định này được coi là quá khứ của quá
khứ, nhưng kết quả là phi lý.
would
If - S - had - past participles, S shoul
d -V
-
could
might
e.g. If I had been there last time, I would agree to lend him the money. (The action
hasn't been done up to now, this is only my regret. Sự tiếc nuối của tôi khi nghe
bạn thuật lại vụ việc giả định của tôi rơi vào hoàn cảnh quá khứ, nhưng kết quả
này đã không xảy ra trước đó)
We would be successful if we had taken your advice in the first place.
If he had done all the work, he could now go with us.
They would now be in the classroom if they had hurried up as we told them to.

For other purposes: Với các mục đích nói khác nhau ta có các loại câu điều kiện khác
như trình bày sau đây;
a. Inversion of "had'': Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện loại 2

Fanpage :
https://www.facebook.com/luyenthiamax/
 Trung tâm Luyện thi Amax 一 39 LK 6A Làng Việt Kiều Châu
Âu
Were - S - (to infinitive), S
would - V e.g. Were I ill, I would not be here now.
Were he to go, he would not be able to finish hi project.
b. Inversion of "had": Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện loại 3
Had - S - past participles, S would have - past
participles e.g. Had we known you were there, we would have written you a letter.
Had she found the right buyer, she would have sold the house. Hadn,t we lost the
way, we would have arrived sooner.
c. Special uses of "if" clauses in requests- Cách sử dụng của mệnh đề “If' như
đề nghị được điễn giải như dưới đây: "
If you willlwould, S will - V
e.g. If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr. John is here.
(Nếu ngài vui lòng đợi, tôi sẽ kiểm tra giúp ngài xem ông John có ở nhà không) I
would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me.
If you could - V.
hãy vui lòng .... 一 chấp nhận như tất yếu

e.g. If you could fill in this form.

Hãy vui lòng điền vào mau này
If you could open your books.
Vui lòng mở sách.

If - S - will/ would, S - V
nếu chịu (tuân lệnh, nghe lời)

eg. If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him.

Nếu cậu ta chịu nghe lời tôi có thể giúp cậu ấy.

If - S - will, s - V
diễn tả sự ngoan cố

e.g. If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOEFL test is sure awaiting you. Nếu
cậu cứ học tiếng Anh theo kiểu này, thì chắc chắn cậu sẽ trượt TOEFL.

If - S - should, command

Fanpage :
https://www.facebook.com/luyenthiamax/
 Trung tâm Luyện thi Amax 一 39 LK 6A Làng Việt Kiều Châu
Âu
khả năng xảy ra rất ít, không tin tưởng vào kết quả

e.g. If you shouldn't know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number. Nếu
bạn không biết sử dụng chiếc TV này, hãy gọi đến số máy này. (Tuy nhiên
người nói tin chắc người nghe biết sử dụng TV).
If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free
to ask me. Nếu không làm được bài tập này hãy hỏi tôi nhé. (Tuy nhiên người
nói tin chắc người nghe làm được bài tập vì chúng rất dễ)
Note: Đảo ngữ như sau:
e.g. Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask
me.
Should it be cloudy and gray, the groundhog will supposedly wander around for
food - a sign that spring is near.

d. Special conditions:
even if - negative verb (cho dù)

e. g. You must go tomorrow even if you aren't ready. …

You have to hand in your paper even if you cannot do the exercises.

Whether or not - positive verb (dù có ... hay không)

e.g. He likes watching TV whether or no/lthe show is good.

They want to enroll whether or not the course suits them well.

unless + positive verb = if ... not (trừ khi = nếu không)

e.g. If you don't start at once, you will be late.

一 You will be late [mless you start at once.
You will be late if you are not ready by now.
一 You will be late unless you are ready by now

But for that - unreal condition (nếu không thì)....

e.g. Her father pays her fees, but for that she wouldn't be here ( but she is here) present
unreal present
My car broke down, but for that I could have come in time. unreal
past past

Fanpage :
https://www.facebook.com/luyenthiamax/
 Trung tâm Luyện thi Amax 一 39 LK 6A Làng Việt Kiều Châu
Âu
otherwise - conditional sentence = nếu không thì ....

e.g. We must be back before midnight, otherwise I will belocked out. Her father pays her
fees, otherwise she couldn't be here.
present unreal present
I used a computer, otherwise it would have taken longer. past unreal past
Note, or... else được dùng thay cho otherwise.

Provided/providing (that) (Miễn là/ với điều kiện là )

e.g. You can camp here provided (that) you leave no mess.

Suppose/ supposing? = what ... if ...? (giả sử như/ nếu như)

e.g Suppose the plane is late? = what will happen if the plane is late?
Suppose you ask him = why don't you ask him? — gợi ý

I What if I,m- thách thức cự tuyệt I e.g. What if I am the first to

leave.
What if I do not follow you.

If only - S - V(simple present), S will V = hope that S will V

hi vọng là

e.g. If only he comes in time (hi vọng là cậu ấy đúng giờ)

If only he will head your advice.

If only 一 S 一 V(simple past/ past perfect) = wish that

giả định: giá mà

e.g. If only he didn't smoke. (but he doesn,t)

If only she had come in time. (but she didn't)

if only - S would V = ước sao, mong sao

e.g. If only he would drive more slowly (but he drive so fast)

If only it would stop raining.

Fanpage :
https://www.facebook.com/luyenthiamax/