Framework Models

Framework/ Links to refer

Comments
Model
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newT
SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and MC_05.htm
Threats, and so a SWOT Analysis is a technique for
assessing these four aspects of your business.

SWOT analysis You can use SWOT Analysis to make the most of what you've
got, to your organization's best advantage. And you can
reduce the chances of failure, by understanding what you're
lacking, and eliminating hazards that would otherwise catch
you unawares.

The 5c's of marketing are a commonly-used situation analysis
technique used to help marketers make informed business
decisions. The "5 C's" stand for Company, Customers,
5C analysis
Competitors, Collaborators, and Climate. In a nutshell, a 5c
analysis will help you evaluate the most important factors
facing your business
The Business Model Canvas (BMC) is a strategic
management tool to quickly and easily define and
Business Model communicate a business idea or concept.
Canvas It is a one page document which works through the
fundamental elements of a business or product, structuring an
idea in a coherent way.
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources
/knowledge/strategy/5c-analysis-marketing/
https://www.volusion.com/blog/situation-
analysis-the-5-
cs/#:~:text=The%205c's%20of%20marketing%
20are,important%20factors%20facing%20your
%20business.
https://medium.com/seed-digital/how-to-
business-model-canvas-explained-
ad3676b6fe4a
https://eship.ox.ac.uk/business-model-canvas-
explained/
https://diytoolkit.org/tools/business-model-
canvas/

https://www.alexandercowan.com/business-
model-canvas-templates/
https://www.b2binternational.com/research/met
The Value Proposition Canvas is a tool which can help ensure hods/faq/what-is-the-value-proposition-
that a product or service is positioned around what the canvas/#:~:text=The%20Value%20Proposition
customer values and needs. %20Canvas%20is,between%20the%20product
%20and%20market.
The Value Proposition Canvas was initially developed by Dr
Alexander Osterwalder as a framework to ensure that there is https://isaacjeffries.com/blog/2018/2/27/how-to-
Value
a fit between the product and market. It is a detailed look at fill-in-a-value-proposition-canvas
proposition
the relationship between two parts of the Osterwalder’s
Canvas
broader Business Model Canvas; customer segments and https://railsware.com/blog/value-proposition-
value propositions. canvas-a-tool-to-understand-your-products-
value-from-the-customers-perspective/
The Value Proposition Canvas can be used when there is
need to refine an existing product or service offering or where
a new offering is being developed from scratch.

An Ansoff Matrix (sometimes referred to as Ansoff Growth
Matrix or Ansoff's Matrix) has its roots in a paper written in
1957 by Igor Ansoff. In the paper he proposed that product
Ansoff matrix marketing strategy was a joint work of four growth areas:
market penetration, market development, product
development, and diversification. When displayed visually,
these four areas create the Ansoff Growth Matrix.
https://www.smartdraw.com/ansoff-matrix/
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newT
MC_90.htm
https://themarketingagenda.com/2015/03/28/c
oca-cola-ansoff-matrix/

PESTLE https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/
Analysis of the external environment wrt to your industry
analysis pest-pestel-analysis.html
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/VUCA-
VUCA is an acronym that stands for volatility, uncertainty, volatility-uncertainty-complexity-and-ambiguity
complexity and ambiguity, a combination of qualities that,
VUCA model
taken together, characterize the nature of some difficult
conditions and situations.
 https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-
planning/marketing-models/use-bcg-matrix/
Also known as the Growth Share Matrix: it has four positions
that a business take during its cycle: a question mark, a star, a
BCG matrix cash cow and a dog. Accordingly strategies of hold, invest, or
sale is taken. This matrix helps the firm in deciding its market
share and posiion in the industry against the competitors.

https://hbr.org/1992/01/the-balanced-scorecard-
measures-that-drive-performance-2
Balanced This is an HR related/ OB related practice used by the
scorecard companies to measure the performance https://balancedscorecard.org/bsc-basics-
overview/

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newS
Porter suggested four "generic" business strategies that could TR_82.htm
be adopted in order to gain competitive advantage. The
strategies relate to the extent to which the scope of a https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/por
business' activities are narrow versus broad and the extent to ters-generic-strategies-for-competitive-
which a business seeks to differentiate its products. advantage
The key strategic challenge for most businesses is to find a
Porter's generic
way of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage over the
strategies
other competing products and firms in a market.

A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors

gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means
of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service
that justifies higher prices

This theory is based on the concept that there are five forces
that determine the competitive intensity and attractiveness of a
market. Porter’s five forces help to identify where power lies in
a business situation. This is useful both in understanding the
strength of an organisation’s current competitive position, and
the strength of a position that an organisation may look to
Porter's 5 forces move into.
https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/
porters-five-forces.html
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newT
MC_08.htm
https://www.cgma.org/resources/tools/essentia
l-tools/porters-five-forces.html

Strategic analysts often use Porter’s five forces to understand

whether new products or services are potentially profitable. By
understanding where power lies, the theory can also be used
to identify areas of strength, to improve weaknesses and to
avoid mistakes.

The VRIO framework is a strategic analysis tool designed to
help organizations uncover and protect the resources and
capabilities that give them a long-term competitive advantage.
The framework should be put into play after the creation of a
VRIN/VRIO
vision statement, but before the strategic planning process.
Why? The differentiators and advantages you identify will
determine how to approach the marketplace and inform
strategic decisions that shape the fate of your company.
The Value Disciplines Model was developed by Michael
Treacy and Fred Wiersema in their book The Discipline of
Market Leaders and suggests that in order to be viable a
Value discipline
business must be successful in three key areas: Customer
approach
Intimacy, Product Leadership, and Operational Excellence. In
addition, if an organization wants to become a market leader,
it must excel in one of these areas.
https://www.clearpointstrategy.com/vrio-
framework/#:~:text=VRIO%20is%20an%20acr
onym%20for,that%20adds%20value%20for%2
0customers%3F
https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/
vrio.html
https://managementmania.com/en/vrio-
analysis
https://upboard.io/value-disciplines-model-
online-tools-
templates/#:~:text=The%20Value%20Disciplin
es%20Model%20was,Product%20Leadership
%2C%20and%20Operational%20Excellence.
https://www.executestrategy.net/blog/value-
disciplines
https://www.business-to-you.com/value-
disciplines-customer-intimacy/

https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/what-is-
The stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational stakeholder-theory
The Stakeholder management and business ethics that accounts for multiple
theory constituencies impacted by business entities like employees, https://www.executestrategy.net/blog/stake
suppliers, local communities, creditors, and others holder-theory

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in
psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs,
often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.
Maslow's
hierarchy of
Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before
needs
individuals can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of
the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological, safety,
love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
The AIDA model is an acronym - it stands for attention,
interest, desire and action. It is a model used in marketing that
AIDA
describes the steps a customer goes through in the process of https://www.smartinsights.com/traffic-building-
purchasing a product.
Today, Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) is a
familiar strategic approach in Modern Marketing. It is one of
the most commonly applied marketing models in practice. In
STP
our poll asking about the most popular marketing model it is
the second most popular, only beaten by the venerable SWOT
/ TOWs matrix.
The Customer Archetype is a tool that is designed to have in-
depth knowledge of the final consumer behavior, and the
Customer future interaction that they could have with the software
archetypes solution you will offer.
In this sense, it is easier to meet their expectations
McKinsey 7s model is a tool that analyzes firm’s
organizational design by looking at 7 key internal elements:
strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, staff and
skills, in order to identify if they are effectively aligned and
allow organization to achieve its objectives.
McKinesy 7S The McKinsey 7-S framework was developed by Tom Peters functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-
model and Robert Waterman at McKinsey & Company. It argues that insights/enduring-ideas-the-7-s-framework
organisational effectiveness involves more than simply putting
in place the right command and control structure to coordinate https://www.cgma.org/resources/tools/cost-
the delivery of an organisation’s strategy. Instead, the
framework maps a constellation of seven interacting factors
that are key to helping people function effectively together, in
order to achieve a high performance organisation.
The product life cycle is an important concept in marketing. It
describes the stages a product goes through from when it was
Product first thought of until it finally is removed from the market. Not
lifecycle all products reach this final stage. Some continue to grow and
others rise and fall
GE-McKinsey nine-box matrix is a strategy tool that offers a
systematic approach for the multi business corporation to
GE-McKinsey prioritize its investments among its business units.[1]
matrix GE-McKinsey is a framework that evaluates business
portfolio, provides further strategic implications and helps to
prioritize the investment needed for each business unit (BU
https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
#:~:text=Maslow's%20hierarchy%20of%20nee
ds%20is,hierarchical%20levels%20within%20a
%20pyramid.&text=From%20the%20bottom%
20of%20the,esteem%2C%20and%20self%2D
actualization.
https://en.ryte.com/wiki/AIDA
https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/aida-model
strategy/offer-and-message-development/aida-
model/
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/stp-
model.htm
Today, Segmentation, Targeting and
Positioning (STP) is a familiar strategic
approach in Modern Marketing. It is one of the
most commonly applied marketing models in
practice. In our poll asking about the most
popular marketing model it is the second most
popular, only beaten by the venerable SWOT /
TOWs matrix.
https://cobuildlab.com/blog/buyer-persona-and-
customer-archetype-for-software-business/
https://www.brafton.com/blog/strategy/custome
r-archetype/
https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/
mckinsey-7s-model-framework.html
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources
/knowledge/strategy/mckinsey-7s-model/
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-
transformation-model/mckinsey-
framework.html
http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lif
ecycle/
https://hbr.org/1965/11/exploit-the-product-life-
cycle
https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/
ge-mckinsey-matrix.html
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-
functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-
insights/enduring-ideas-the-ge-and-mckinsey-
nine-box-matrix
https://www.toolshero.com/strategy/ge-
mckinsey-matrix/
 https://www.marketing91.com/vals-values-
VALS segments US adults into eight distinct types—or attitude-lifestyle/
mindsets—using a specific set of psychological traits and key
demographics that drive consumer behavior. The US http://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/
Framework, a graphic representation of VALS, illustrates the ustypes.shtml
VALS
eight types and two critical concepts for understanding
framework
consumers: primary motivation and resources. The https://www.d.umn.edu/~rvaidyan/mktg4731/V
combination of motivations and resources determines how a ALSFramework2002-09.pdf
person will express himself or herself in the marketplace as a
consumer.

https://www.cms.gov/medicare/provider-
Also called Ishikawa Effect: A model used for Root cause enrollment-and-
Fishbone Analysis or 5 Why analysis certification/qapi/downloads/fishbonerevised.p
diagram df
Useful in risk management frameworks
https://asq.org/quality-resources/fishbone
https://www.babson.edu/academics/executive-
The Pentagon represents the five major customer-facing education/babson-insight/strategy-and-
activities through which retailers can visually differentiate innovation/building-competitive-advantage-in-
themselves in the marketplace: place, product, value, retailing/
communication and people.
Hexagon- It can be difficult for incumbents to re-evaluate and rejuvenate
Triangle for their positions on the Pentagon, and it is often new players
Retail who invent or develop new sources of competitive advantage
in retailing.
The triangle supports the pentagon in the retailer’s goal to
achieve operational effectiveness through superior systems,
logistics, and supply relationship

https://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/what-is-
Blue ocean strategy is the simultaneous pursuit of blue-ocean-strategy/
differentiation and low cost to open up a new market space
and create new demand. It is about creating and capturing
Blue Ocean uncontested market space, thereby making the competition
irrelevant. It is based on the view that market boundaries and
industry structure are not a given and can be reconstructed by
the actions and beliefs of industry players

https://www.marketing91.com/what-is-cage-
CAGE Framework helps the companies to identify the middle framework/
ground between the one size that fits all and the mass
customization of the extremes that are typically applied to
CAGE most global strategies and efforts towards the product
framework development. It carefully analyzes the cultural, administrative,
geographic, and economic forces and determines how similar
market functions in a distinguished manner in different
countries.

The consumer decision process is composed of problem
recognition, search, evaluation, and purchase decision. Post-
Customer purchase behavior is the result of satisfaction or
Buying Decision dissatisfaction that the consumption provides. The buying
Process process starts when the customer identifies a need or problem
or when a need arises. It can be activated through internal or
external stimuli.
https://www.iedunote.com/buyer-decision-
process
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
marketing/chapter/the-consumer-decision-
process/

https://www.lsu.edu/hss/english/files/university
Aristotle taught that a speaker’s ability to persuade an _writing_files/item35402.pdf
audience is based on how well the speaker
Aristotle's
appeals to that audience in three different areas: logos, ethos,
rhetorical
and pathos. Considered together, these
triangle
appeals form what later rhetoricians have called the rhetorical
triangle.

Theory of reasoned action looks at relationships between http://www.cios.org/encyclopedia/persuasion/G

TORA attitudes and behaviour within human action theory_1reasoned.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_planne
TPB Theory of planned behaviour links beliefs to behaviour
d_behavior
 At the heart of NeedScope is a psychological model that
summarises universal human emotions. The NeedScope
model is based on the theory of Archetypes – instinctual
Needscope patterns of emotive behaviour which are coomon to
everyone,evrywhere.Using the symbolic language of
archetypes,brands can build strong emotively based
relationships
https://kantar.no/globalassets/fra-
webnodes/ekspertiseomrader/merkevarebyggi
ng-og-effektivisering-av-reklame/andre-
artikler/frokostseminar-brand-magnetism-oct-
121016.pdf

VUCA model

Digital customer’s communications model

In order to create a digital marketing plan or model, below are the list of frameworks outlined for streamlining the
planning and execution of digital marketing models:

McKinsey Consumer Decision Journey

McKinsey
The decision-making process is now a circular journey with
Consumer
four phases: initial consideration; active evaluation, or the
Decision
process of researching potential purchases; closure, when
Journey
consumers buy brands; and post-purchase, when consumers
experience them.

The Honeycomb Model

The Honeycomb model is a way of setting out the most
The Honeycomb
important forces behind the social media ecology which, social
Model
media marketers, users and platforms operate within. Here’s
how the blocks look in their honeycomb formation.

Henry Assael
Framework of Henry Assael described buying behavior of consumers on the
Buying basis of consumer involvement and brand differentiation.
behavior:
HIGH customer involvement LOW customer involvement
Significantdiffer Variety – seeking behavior
Complex buying behavior
entiation
Not Significant Dissonance – reducing buying behavior Habitual buying behavior
Differentiation
 https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_international-
The CAGE Distance Framework identifies Cultural, business/s12-04-cage-analysis.html
Administrative, Geographic and Economic differences or
distances between countries that companies should address
when crafting international strategies.
CAGE
Framework
CAGE Framework is used by the companies to formulate
strategies before entering international markets. It is used to
understand patterns of trade, capital, information and people
flows.

https://blog.btrax.com/what-should-your-
AAA Framework offers three generic approaches to global companys-international-expansion-strategy-be/
value creation. AAA stands for: Adaptation -
Localization,responsiveness; Aggregation - Standardization,
Economies .of scale; Arbitrage - Exploiting economic
differences.
AAA Framework
This framework can be used by the companies to
develop/decide the best suitable strategy for creating value
through internaltional expansion.

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_international-
According to this model, a strategy consist of five essential business/s14-04-the-five-elements-of-
Hambrick and parts that together should form a unified whole: Arenas, strategy.html
Fredrickson’s Vehicles, Differentiators, Staging and Economic Logic. For
Strategy each element concrete and deliberate choices have to be
Diamond made on what to do and more importantly what NOT to do.
For companies to achieve a sound and sustainable
B36strategy.
https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/i
IFE(Internal Factor Evaluation) Matrix and EFE(External fe-efe-matrix.html
Factor Evaluation) Matrix are the strategy tools used to
IFE Matrix & evaluate firm's internal and external environment by analysing
EFE Matrix Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.
This tool can be used by firm to identify key factors(both
external and internal) affecting the growth of the company.

The 5Is stand for the level of involvement, interaction,

intimacy, and influence an individual has with a brand over
time. The concept was based on research conducted by
Forrester 5I’s- Forrester where they concluded that the traditional marketing
online funnel was dead and they proposed ‘engagement’ as a new
metric. The 5Is were the answer to a marketing funnel that no
longer worked and the more a user, visitor or customer was
‘engaged’ with the brand, the more successful the outcome for
the brand.
Lauterborn’s 4C

Compiled partially by and for Sunil Chandran by:

Apoorva Bansal IIM Shillong ( 2018-20)
Soumya Ojha IIM Nagpur ( 2018-20 ) &
Akash Sugunan IIM Nagpur( 2018-20)