Name: Ronan Jeeven P.
Maitem
Section and Time: Polsc 3C/ 9:20A - 10:50A TTh
PSCM 2132 – Exercise 1 Matrix on Ancient, Medieval, Modern Periods: Ontology of Person & Nature and
Ways of Knowing
Areas of Concern Ancient
Period in Years 600-301 B.C
Their understanding of the
Ontology of the Human gods was also born out
Person human behavior as
perceived by them as a
result of that they attribute
these features to the
gods.
Greeks believed that the
Ontology of Nature universe was ordered by a
plurality of timeless
essences which underlay
concrete reality giving it
form and meaning.
Medieval Modern
500 – 1500 C.E 1500-1815 C.E
Thomas Aquinas’s The human person serves
appreciation of human as a redemption to
nature extended to human accompany his spiritual
body an appreciation that progress towards the
affected his Christian millennium.
epistemological
orientation. He believed
that in man, spirit and
nature were
distinguishable, but there
are aspect of a similar
whole as different from
Augustinian theology.
So Aquinas’s
epistemology stressed
more deeply the value
and necessity of this-
world experience for
human knowledge.
Ptolemy’s works on The laws of nature,
classical astrology although perhaps
became the most advance timeless, now stood on
and enlightened work their own material
about the scientific foundation, dissociated
account of the natural from any divine cause.
perception of the Earth as Thus “the irony of fate
fixed with the heaven This built the mechanical
gave astrology a pride of philosophy of the
place during the medieval eighteenth century and
era the materialistic
philosophy of the
The accumulated nineteenth out of the
elements of astrological mystical mathematical
theory were brought by theory of the
Ptolemy into a unified seventeenth.”

Human person has to
Ontology of the have the notion of
Relationship between idea/forms before actually
Human Person and knowing that which is
Nature particular.
They championed a
Ontology of the Human methodological approach
Person with another to the human person and
person society thereby bringing
about the Greek classical
system of education and
training which for them
would be standard for
producing a well rounded
and educated citizen.
They claim it is subjective
Epistemology and not objective that all a
person can know is the
content of his/her mind
rather than things outside
the mind.
Craft three political-related questions reflecting the Greek understanding of reason and provide answers to
each question.
Question
What is the idea of justice?
Difference of Plato and Aristotle’s reasoning
synthesis, in which he
explained and categorized
the meanings of the
planets, their position and
geometrical aspects. The
planetary movements
have an significance for
human life.
Man could strive to know The human life and
things as they are endeavors achieved a
because both things and more complex form during
man’s knowledge of them this period and the
was determined by and, development of human
like man himself, consciousness and
expressive of the same culture had now been
absolute being – God reborn.
Man could strive to know Human reason and
things as they are intellectual ability became
because both things and the order of the day while
man’s knowledge of them the purpose of knowledge
was determined by and, for the medieval Christian
like man himself, was to better obey God’s
expressive of the same will, its purpose for the
absolute being – God modern man was to better
align nature to man’s will.
Aquinas’s epistemology The human person now
stressed more deeply the perceived the cosmos of
value and necessity of entirely new proportion,
this-world experience for structure and existential
human knowledge meaning.
Answer
Justice was conceived by poets, lawgivers, and
philosophers alike as the structure of civic bonds
which were beneficial to all rather than an
exploitation of some by others.
Plato with his political philosophy is aimed at
transforming politics. Aristotle aims at studying
the existing forms of political reality. Plato

What is Ethics and logic in Greek understanding
of reason?
believes the policy can be changed. Aristotle
believed that politics cannot be changed.
Socrates was more interested in ethics and logic
as he found physics and cosmology confusing
because for him, they were not morally useful
and were riddled with inconsistent theories. He
believed that education should lead us to live a
good life and therefore set for himself the task of
finding a way to knowledge that transcend mere
opinion, to inform a morality the transcend mere
convention.