Science 9

Fourth Quarter – Module 5

POWER PLANTS

SIMPLIFIED MELC-BASED BUDGET OF LESSON

April 26 – 30 , 2021
Performance Standard:
MELCs:
1. Explain how electrical energy is generated, transmitted and distributed. (S9FE-IVj-46)

Duration: 5 hours
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 – 4 Day 5

- What is -What are the different -Where do geothermal -How power plants
electricity? types of power plant? power plants get the heat work?
that it uses in generating
-What is -How do they differ electricity? -What do power plants
magnetism? from one another? need in order to
-Is the heat source of a effectively generate,
-How are these -What are the main geothermal power plant transmit and distribute
related to each parts of a nuclear renewable or non- electrical energy?
power plant? renewable?
other?
-How will the electrical
-How is heat used in -How is water used in energy generated from
-How important power plant? hydroelectric power this power plant be
electricity is? plants? transmitted and
-What role do distributed?
-How does energy radioactive elements -Can the water used in
transformation play in the power power plant still be used
take place? plant? for other purposes?

-What are the energy

transformation that
happen in a hydroelectric
power plant?

Activity Activity Activity Activity

Answer Let’s get Explain the process of Answer the activity Complete the table in
started! generating electricity entitled “Generating Let’s do this!
Electricity”

INTRODUCTION

We depend so much on electricity. It has made our lives easier and more convenient.
Communication and transportation have become faster because of electricity. We enjoy electricity
at our homes because it is generated, transmitted and distributed. Each of these processes
involves physics.
The big question is – which energy source is best suited to the Philippines, especially in terms of
its economic benefits? This has also been a subject of debate for many years.
Identify the phrases based on the pictures. Define each phrase based on what you know about it.

Picture Phrase and Its Definition

Electricity is most often generated at a power plant by electromechanical generators, primarily

driven by heat engines fueled by combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as
the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind. Other energy sources include solar and geothermal
power.

Where does our electricity come from?

Electricity is essential for modern life, yet almost one billion people live without access to it.
Challenges such as climate change, pollution and environmental destruction require that we change
the way we generate electricity.
Over the past century, the main energy sources used for generating electricity have been fossil
fuels, hydroelectricity and, since the 1950s, nuclear energy. Despite the strong growth of
renewables over the last few decades, fossil-based fuels remain dominant worldwide. Their use for
electricity generation continues to increase in both absolute and relative terms: in 2017, fossil fuels
generated 64.5% of worldwide electricity, compared with 61.9% in 1990. 

Coal, gas and oil

Fossil fuel power plants burn coal or oil to create heat which
is in turn used to generate steam to drive turbines which
generate electricity. In gas plants hot gases drive a turbine
to generate electricity, whereas a combined cycle gas turbine
(CCGT) plant also uses a steam generator to increase the
amount of electricity produced. In 2017, fossil fuels
generated 64.5% of electricity worldwide.
The burning of fossil fuels for energy causes considerable
numbers of deaths due to air pollution. For instance, it is
estimated that in China alone 670,000 people die
prematurely - every year due to the use of coal. 
Fossil fuel plants require very large quantities of coal, oil or
gas. In many cases these fuels need to be transported over
long distances, which can result in potential supply issues. The price of the fuels has historically
been volatile, and can rise sharply at times of shortages or geopolitical instability, which can result
in unstable generation costs and higher consumer prices. 

Hydroelectric power
Most large hydroelectric power plants generate electricity by storing water in vast reservoirs behind
dams. Water from the reservoirs flows through turbines to generate electricity. Hydroelectric dams
can generate large amounts of low-carbon electricity, but the number of sites suitable for new,
large-scale dams is limited. Hydroelectric power can also be produced by run-of-river plants but
most of the rivers that are suitable for this have already been developed.

Nuclear power
Nuclear power reactors use the heat produced from splitting
atoms to generate steam to drive a turbine. No greenhouse
gases are produced in the fission process, and only very small
amounts are produced across the whole nuclear life- cycle.
Nuclear power is an environmentally-friendly form of electricity
generation, and does not contribute to air pollution. In 2018,
nuclear power generated 10.5% of the world’s electricity.
Nuclear power plants, like fossil-fuelled power plants, are very
reliable, and can run for many months without interruption,
providing large amounts of clean electricity, regardless of the
time of day, the weather or the season.
Nuclear fuel can be used in a reactor for several years, thanks to the immense amount of energy
contained in uranium. The power from one kilogram of uranium is about the same as 1 tonne of
coal. 

Wind and solar

Renewables, such as wind, solar and small-scale hydro, produce electricity with low amounts of
greenhouse gas emissions across their entire life-cycle. In 2017, wind and solar generated 4.4% and
1.3%, respectively, of the world’s electricity. They do not produce electricity predictably or
consistently due to their inherent reliance on the weather. Electricity generation from wind turbines
varies with the wind speed, and if the wind is too weak or too strong no electricity is produced at all.
The output of solar panels is reliant on the
strength of the sunshine, which depends on a
number of different factors, such as the time of
day and the amount of cloud cover (as well as
the amount of dust on the panels). 
Another problem is that there might not be
enough space or public willingness to
accommodate the vast number of turbines or
panels required to produce enough electricity.
This is due to the fact that energy from the
wind or the sun is diffuse, meaning that very
significant amounts of land are required in
order to generate a significant quantity of electricity.
Because electricity cannot be easily stored, renewables have to be backed up by other forms of
electricity generation. The largest batteries cannot operate for days, let alone the weeks that would
be required to back up renewables in order to ensure the supply of round-the-clock electricity. In
order to ensure a steady supply of electricity, gas plants are increasingly providing backup services
to renewables electricity. Natural gas plants emit large amounts of carbon dioxide during operation,
and significant amounts of methane are often released during the extraction and transport of gas,
both of which contribute to climate change. 

Activity
ACTIVITY TITLE:
Generating Electricity

Objective(s): _____________________________________________________________________________________
A. These are the steps on how electricity is generated in
hydroelectric power plant. Fill in the boxes to complete
the steps (Kindly refer to the answer sheet)

B. Take a look at the illustration below. This will be your

guide in arranging the correct process of generating
electricity in a power plant. Put number 1 – 12 on the
line before the sentence according to its correct order.
(Kindly refer to the answer sheet)
 Instruction: Determine how different power plants work. Complete the table below.
(Kindly refer to the answer sheet)

A. Summary of the Lesson

 Energy is conserved in all systems that generate electricity and in all “uses” of energy.
 Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion
of matter that has a property of electric charge. 
 A power plant is an industrial facility that generates electricity from primary energy.
 A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 A transformer is a device that is used to step up or step down voltage.

B. Reflection

Reflect on the quote:

“Be an electricity to people! Transforming people’s lives, by giving them light amidst the
darkness”

REFERENCES
Baguio, Sol Saranay M., Felicerta, Corazon N., Mañosa, Susan D., Santisteban-Cook, Celeste
Joan C. (2018) Breaking Through Science 9 (Second Edition) 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon
City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Gerona, Sonia M., Nueva España, Rebecca C., et.al. (2015) Science and Technology 9, Abiva Bldg.,
851 G. Araneta Ave., Quezon City: Abiva Pulishing House, Inc.

Disclaimer: The school and the teachers do not claim any rights or ownership of the information found in the
learning packet or module. It is a compilation from different resources, which is listed in the reference section.
This is solely for educational purposes only.

Science 9
Fourth Quarter – Module 5
POWER PLANTS
Name of Student: _____________________________________ Grade Level: ____________________
Name of Teacher: _____________________________________ Section: ________________________

ANSWER SHEET
Activity
ACTIVITY TITLE:
Electricity and Magnetism

Objective(s): _____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A. These are the steps on how electricity is generated in different power plants. Fill in the boxes
to complete the steps.
1. Hydroelectric power plant

Dams are built as reservoir.

The generator spins

producing electricity

B. Put number 1 – 12 on the line before the sentence according to its correct order.

________ The heat from the furnace goes through the pipes and boils the water in boilers.
________ The fuel is burned in a furnace.
________ Electricity travels through cables.
________ Electricity travels from generators to the transformer.
________ Generating electricity starts off with fuel as its source.
________ The step-up transformers boost the voltage of the electricity as it leaves the powerplant.
________ The step-down transformers convert the electricity into a lower voltage.
________ The steam flows through the steam turbines, which converts the steam into K.E.
________ Appliances can now be used.
________ Generator uses the energy from the turbines to produce electricity.
________ The high-voltage electricity is carried to places that need it.
________ The boiling hot steam that generated turbines then flows into a condenser
 Instruction: Determine how different power plants work. Complete the table below.
(Kindly refer to the answer sheet)

Characteristics Nuclear Geothermal Hydroelectric Wind

Source of Energy

Electricity
generated (in MW)

Location

Advantages

Hazards

What do power plants need in order to effectively generate, transmit and distribute electrical
energy?
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REFLECTION:
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