ISSN 2321 3361 © 2020 IJESC

Research Article Volume 10 Issue No.6

Study of Quality Control and Site Execution on Monolithic Buildings

using Mivan Technology
Sravani. K1, Sindhu. K2, Soumya. J3, Venu Malagavelli4, Ch. Balakrishna5
B.Tech Student1, 2, 3, Professor4, Assistant Professor5
Department of Civil Engineering
Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Telangana, India

Abstract:
Quality Control is a subcategory of Quality Management sector and Quality Assurance of the project. Quality Control plays an
essential role in any construction project as it makes sure the proper method of execution is followed, good quality of construction
material, maintaining the Indian Standards and ensuring the work followed is according to it. Site Execution refers to methods,
specifications and design practices that are encountered during the construction of a project. The main objective of this research work
is the management of the problems encountered during the construction phase and to overcome the practical problems in the site
execution. This research involves various tests performed on aggregates, cement and concrete. Tests like Silt Content, Water
Absorption and Specific Gravity, Crushing Strength test, Sieve Analysis, Impact Strength Test, Dry Loose Bulk Density test, Initial
Setting and Final Setting time test, Compressive strength test, Slump cone test, tests on bricks and tiles etc. The quality of the
materials used after testing are as per IS codes, but still few problems are encountered during the execution part. We faced problems
during soil exploration and concreting. These problems have been further managed by different methods. As technology is developing
at a fast rate, New methods and techniques are discovered in the construction process of a structure. So, new testing methods and
quality maintaining procedures can also be introduced.

Keywords: Concrete, Quality Assurance, Quality Control, Quality Management, Site Execution, Soil Exploration.
I. INTRODUCTION:
Quality Control is key for major construction works, it estimates
the quality characteristics of a constituent, Quality control also
demonstrates the differences between the results obtained by
different tests performed and desired results as per code
provisions in order to make any kind of development to advance
new technologies which will correct any problems or
differences. One way of controlling the quality of any material
used for construction is based on the inspection of the final
product obtained based on all conditions which are to be
satisfied. It aim's to filter the products based on quality before
they are used in any construction activities because the poor
quality of any material results in further costs and delays the
work which has to be done on time, along with this reputation
for contractors will go down when there are any defects in any
construction material which are to be repaired later increases
maintenance costs and also decreases sustainability of the
material may sometimes result in failure of the structure. So
quality control is necessary. The basic functions involved in
quality control are to execute characteristics of a material and
durability of the material to achieve the quality of construction
which is appropriate in the design and specifications for all
constructional activities which are to be performed under the
contract either on or off-site. There are many tests conducted in
the QC laboratory. According to IS code standard specifications,
these tests are conducted and inspected whether they satisfy
code limits.Site execution involves different operations based on
the design given by the respected authorities depending on the
land, design of plan and all the other external factors. There are
sequential operations involved in this site execution like
surveying, excavation, PCC, formwork, footings, pedestal,
starters, columns, beam, slabs, mivan and blockwork. The
quality of construction work depends on the quality of the
products we have used in construction work. At present, the use
of modern construction techniques has evolved a lot of scope for
future reference. So, here comes the use of mivan formwork for
high-rise buildings meeting all the standards compared to the
conventional type of formwork. The mivan site execution
involves a sequence of the process like wall markings, checking
of post kicker alignment, slab post levels, wall reinforcement,
shuttering, slab reinforcement, deck levels, internal wall
alignment, external wall alignment, PMC checking. Site
investigation is the preliminary stage in the site execution. It
involves different operations which are to be executed based on
the design specifications. This can be done in three stages.
• Preliminary investigation.
• Detailed site investigation.
• Post or supplementary investigation.
In the first stage, geotechnical investigation such as subsoil
exploration and suitable conditions of soil are found out along
with the groundwater table and the zone of area depending upon
this planning or design is performed. After the investigation of
land, the following processes take place like designing of the
structure, collecting and storing of quality material, scheduling
of the activities involved in construction. Constructing the
structure following all the design criteria as planned and
executing all the works included in it safely and completing
them in the given time.

IJESC, June 2020 26369 http:// ijesc.org/

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT Table.2. Details of the final setting time test
Trail Time of Duration Point mark in Initial setting time
The major problems that we encountered were the presence of no observation (minutes) the needle in minutes
taken occurred
hard rock and soft soil in certain places in accordance with (Y/N)
geotechnical report. In concrete, we have seen the presence of
Honeycombing, Air Voids, Segregation. In Site Execution 1 14:25 185 N 275
following Mivan Technology problems arise due to
2 15:10 230 N Specified limit for
misplacement of reinforcement and Aluminium panel 43/45 grade
3 15:40 260 N
adjustment. cement =
4 15:55 275 Y 600minutes
III. OBJECTIVES
Table.3. Showing details of 3 days strength.
• To test and study the quality of the construction material Date of testing is 04.02.2020
according to Indian Standards. Maximum failure load Area of loading in Compressive strength
• The purpose of this research is to manage the Problems raised in KN mm2 inMPa
during site execution.
• To understand and manage the relationship between quality 151.00 4984.36 30.29
control and site execution. 144.00 4984.36 28.89
158.00 4984.36 31.70
IV. LITERATURE REVIEW
Calculations:
D. Ashok Kumar et al. (2014) Ashok Kumar mainly focused on Compressive strength = L/A
the components that affect the quality control management in the Where,L = load, A = area
construction projects with the help of quality test reports and 𝟏𝟓𝟏×𝟏𝟎𝟑
Compressive strength = = 30.29 N/mm2
𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟒.𝟑𝟔
interviews which helps in reduced workmanship wastage,
Average compressive strength in MPa is 30.29 and the Specified
material wastage and time wastage. Site engineers know about
limit for grade 53 = 27MPa.
the major factors affecting quality [3].
Table.4. Showing details of 7 days strength.
Dr. ChitramLutchman (2010)Chitram explained about the
Date of testing is 08.02.2020
project cycle and practical work process in this book. The Maximum failure Area of loading in Compressive strength
project cycles management is the process of planning, designing, load in KN mm2 inMPa
assembling, coordinating and execution of a project from
starting to completion of a project effectively and efficiently. 195.00 4984.36 39.12
The author has broadly introduced the topic related to execution
191.00 4894.36 38.32
in the first chapter under (Implementation and control). In which
he explains about role and responsibilities of the site executive 202.00 4894.36 40.53
and gave a detailed study on practical work management tips
[4]. Calculations:
Compressive strength = L/A
V. METHODOLOGY Where,L = load, A = area
𝟏𝟗𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟑
Compressive strength = = 39.12 N/mm2
𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟒.𝟑𝟔
A construction project involves different phases like initiation, Average compressive strength in MPa is39.32 and the specified
planning, execution, the performance of project and closure of limit for grade 53 =37MPa.
the project. The tests we have conducted on-site are Initial and
final setting time, Fineness test, Compressive strength test, Table.5. Showing details of 28 days strength.
Workability, Sieve analysis of fine aggregates, Water absorption Date of testing is 29.02.2020
and Specific gravity test, Dry loose Bulk Density. Maximum failure Area of loading in Compressive strength
load in KN mm2 inMPa
Table.1. The details of the initial setting time test
Trail Time of Duration Penetration of Initial setting
no observation (minutes) the needle from time in minutes 293 4984.36 58.78
taken the bottom of
the mould 311 4984.36 62.40

299 4984.36 59.99

1 11:15 0 0 140
Calculations:
2 11:40 25 0 Specified limit Compressive strength = L/A
for 43/53 grade Where,L = load, A = area
3 12:35 80 0 cement = 30
𝟐𝟗𝟑×𝟏𝟎𝟑
4 13:10 110 2 minutes Compressive strength =
𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟒⋅𝟑𝟔
= 58.78 N/mm2
5 13:40 140 4.5 Average compressive strength in MPa is 60.39 and the specified
limit for grade 53 = 53MPa

IJESC, June 2020 26370 http:// ijesc.org/

Table.6. The results obtained during the sieve analysis test of Table.9. Results of the flakiness index test
fine aggregates. SI. Size of the Mass Mass Total (X) (Y) F. L
IS sieve Weight Cumulativ Cumulative Cumulative N sieve passi passi mass a/c* c/w* X*
size retained e weight % retained % passing O Passin Retai ng ng of 100 100 Y/
(mm) (gm) retained (%) (%) g ned throu throu samp % % 100
(gm) throu on gh gh le in
gh mm gaug gauge each
mm e(a) (b) fracti
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Gm gm on
c=(a
10 0 0 0 100
+b)
4.75 12 12 1.2 98.8 1 63 50 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.36 16 28 2.8 97.2 2 50 40 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 40 31.5 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.18 117 145 14.5 85.5 4 31.5 25 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.60 250 395 39.5 60.5 5 25 20 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 20 16 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.30 392 787 78.7 21.3 7 16 12.5 0 29 29 0.00 4.62 0.00
0.15 202 989 98.9 1.1 8 12.5 10 29 241 270 1074 42.9 4.62
Pan 11 1000 100 0 9
9 10 6.3 33 296 329 10.0 52.3 5.25
Fineness modulus is 2.714 3 9
5% tolerance is allowed to all the sieves except 600 and 150 Sum of X*Y/100 9.87
microns. Flakiness index = 9.9 %

Table.7. Results of specific gravity test. Table.10. The results of DLBD test.
TRAIL 1 TRAIL 2 Volume of the container: V 0.0147 Cum
Weight of the pycnometer: W1 597 597 Weight of container: W1 8.54 Kgs
Weight of pycnometer with aggregate: W2 1386 1390 Weight of container + aggregate: W2 30.220 Kgs
Weight of pycnometer with aggregate and water: 1857 1859
W3 Weight of aggregate: (W2 – W1) 21.430 Kgs
Weight of pycnometer and pure water: W4 1368 1368 Dry loose bulk density: (W2 – W1)/V 1458 Kgs/Cum
Specific gravity of aggregate: 2.63 2.63 ฀
(W2-W1)/(W2-W1) –(W3-W4) Calculations:฀ = ฀฀ ฀
Average specific gravity: 2.63 Where,
code reference: sampling and testing as per IS2386 Part II – V= volume of the container
1963. W1 = weight of the empty container
Calculations: W2 = weight of the container along with the aggregate sample
฀฀ −฀฀ ∏= 3.1415, r = 0.12m, h = 0.3m
Specific gravity of aggregate=
(฀฀ −฀฀ )−(฀฀ −฀฀ ) V = 3.1415*0.12*0.3(m3)
where, V = 0.0147m3
W1 = weight of the empty pycnometer ฀฀ − ฀฀ ฀฀. ฀฀ − ฀. ฀฀
=
W2 = weight of the pycnometer with aggregate ฀ ฀. ฀฀฀฀
W3 =weight of the pycnometer with aggregate and water ฀฀ −฀฀
DLBD = = 1458 kg/cum
W4 = weight of the pycnometer with water ฀
฀฀฀฀−฀฀฀ After performing all the above test’s, the results obtained as
Specific gravity of aggregate = (฀฀฀฀−฀฀฀)−(฀฀฀฀−฀฀฀฀) = within the limits of Indian Standard s. Execution is a phase
2.36 where the project is put into implementation, the project
planning is practically evolved on-site as per design and
Table.8. Results of the elongation test: specifications. The process of site execution should be
Elongation silt (mm) Total weight retained Total weight continuously monitored and scrutinised. The site overview is
passing recorded and given to the project manager. The site execution
involves a sequence of activities to be performed, starting from
40-31.5 0 0
initiation to closure of the project. The site engineer plays a
31.5-25 0 0 major role in the execution of a project. the activities carried out
25-20 0 0 in a project are interlinked with every department on site.
20-16 0 0
According to the design given by the architectures, the
implementation or execution is done by the site engineer. The
16-12.5 0 29 site execution works that we have done is based on Mivan
12.5-10 35 206 technology in which we have are Pre-Concreting, Concreting,
10-6.3 42 254 Post-Concreting.
Total: 77 489
Pre-Concreting:
Elongation index = 13.60 The processes involved are Wall Reinforcement, Shuttering,
Code reference: IS 2386 part I for sampling and testing Slab Reinforcement, Deck levels Checking, Internal wall
Limits: no such limits are mentioned, but arbitrarily limited to alignment and Internal plumb, Pre quicker alignment and
25%. External plumb, PMC checking.

IJESC, June 2020 26371 http:// ijesc.org/


Figure.1. Wall reinforcement
Figure.2. Shuttering
Concreting: Pouring of concrete into slabs and walls
Post-Concreting: the processes involved are wall marking for
Extension walls, post kicker alignment, Slab post levels,
Removal of formwork and Finishing activities.
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The results for which we have obtained in quality control
laboratory are according to their respective code provisions and
were categorized into good construction material and proceeded
for preparation and execution part. The problems faced in
execution part were solved by different solutions.
• Presence of hard rock: After obtaining the geotechnical results,
the soil in the construction area is categorized as silty clay/silty
gravel/gravel/soft disintegrated rock then the working team
IJESC, June 2020
proceeded for further construction work, but at certain points,
while excavation we came across the presence of a layer of hard
rock which was not mentioned in the geotechnical reports. So,
we opted for a solution of blasting of the hard rock since the
surrounding area was non-residential and the time taken for the
blasting technique was less than the other techniques.
• Presence of soft soil: The solutions for the condition are
replacement of soil, strengthening of the soil, change in the
structure load design or changing foundation details. We opted
for a change in the foundation details because the other
techniques were uneconomical as per site conditions.
• After concreting, we encountered segregation, presence of air
voids and honeycombing. Uniform proportioning of the mix
should have opted and workability should be properly checked
and maintained and the chemical known as Renderoc HSXtra is
a cementitious mortar used to repair the general concrete and
masonry problems, Honeycombing repairing’s and voids greater
than 10mm deep.
7. CONCLUSION
This research report, we have conducted tests on different
parameters of the construction materials used on site. This report
explained the execution process involved in the construction of
high- rise buildings and executed the work according to schedule
and design. During this project, we studied about a new
technology called mivan technology which uses aluminium
formwork system for the construction of the building and also,
we studied about the tests conducted on the materials used on
construction site.On-site, we have come across several
unpredicted problems that we do not encounter during
laboratory tests. We managed to solve these problems by
following certain methods. Quality control and site execution are
important factors considered in any construction project. As
there is an increase in demand for quality which is mostly
influenced by the quality of construction material and execution
process among other processes. So, there is a need to improve
the techniques and methods to test the materials and maintaining
processes, due to this there may be an increase in the speed and
accuracy of project completion.
8. REFERENCES
[1]. David Arditi and H Murat Gunaydin, “Total quality
management in the construction process”, International Journal
of Project Management, Vol.15, Issue4, PP: 235-243 (1997).
[2]. Teena Joy (2014), “A Study on Factors Influencing Quality
of Construction Projects”, International Journal of Innovative
Research & Development, Vol.3, Issue 5, PP: 384-387 (2014).
[3]. D.Ashok Kumar, “Study of Quality Management in
Construction Industry”, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, Issue
1, PP: 36-43 (2014).
[4]. Dr Chitram Lutchman, “Project Execution”, A practical
approach to industrial and commercialproject management, CBR
press Taylor and Fransis group (2010).
[5]. Stasiowski, F.A. and Brustein, D. “Total Quality Project
Management for the Design Firm”, Wiley: New York, (1994).
26372 http:// ijesc.org/